Pharmacotherapy for the Treatment of Cannabis Use Disorder
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Cannabis Cultivation in the Ancient World (China)
5/23/2019 Cannabis Cultivation in the Ancient World (China) This diagram may be a simplification of the origins of cannabis domestication. Fossil pollen studies may be a better indication of where and when hemp cultivation originated. Cannabis Plant, Hemp Plants and Marijuana plants used Interchangeably. https://friendlyaussiebuds.com/cannabis-resources/education/blazes-throughout-the-ages-episode-i-getting-stoned-in-the-stone-age/ 1 5/23/2019 Approximately 2500 year old cannabis from The Yanghai Tombs in the Turpan Basin (Xinjiang Autonomous Region) of northwest China Approximately 1.7 lbs. of cannabis (A) was found to have characteristic marijuana trichomes (B and C) and a characteristic seed (D). This cannabis contained THC and was presumably employed by this culture as a medicinal or psychoactive agent, or an aid to divination (religious ritual). Ethan Russo et al. Journal of Experimental Botany, Volume 59, Issue 15, 1 November 2008, Pages 4171–4182 Archeological Excavations Yangshao hemp-cordmarked Amphora, Banpo Phase 4800 BCE, Shaanxi. Photographed at the Musee Guimet An amphora is used for storage, usually of liquids 2 5/23/2019 Discovery of Ancient Cannabis cloth Hemp Shoe from China ~ 100CE First hemp-weaved fabric in the World found wrapped around baby in 9,000-year-old house in Turkey The Scythians – the Greeks' name for this initially nomadic people – inhabited Scythia from at least the 11th century BC to the 2nd century AD. In the seventh century BC, the Scythians controlled large swaths of territory throughout Eurasia, from the Black Sea across Siberia to the borders of China. Herodotus[a] (484 BC – 425 BC) was an ancient Greek historian. -
Alloimmunization in Pregnancy
Maternal Cannabis Use in Pregnancy and LactationAlloimmunization in Jamie Lo MD MCR, Assistant Professor MaternalJamiePregnancy FetalLo MD Medicine Oregon Health & Science University DecemberDATE: September 18, 2020 23, 2016 Disclosures • I have no relevant financial relationships to disclose or conflicts of interest to resolve Manzanita, Oregon Marijuana Legalization Trend • Marijuana is the most commonly used illicit drug in pregnancy • 33 states and Washington DC have legalized medical marijuana • 11 states and Washington DC have legalized recreational marijuana • To address the opioid crisis, 3 states have passed laws to allow marijuana to be prescribed in place of opioids References: www.timesunion.com/technology/businessinsider/article/This-map-shows-every-state-that-has-legalized-12519184.php, Accessed October 10, 2020 Understanding the Impact of Legalization Reference: NW HIDTA Report What is marijuana? • Cannabis sativa plant • Contains over 600 chemicals – Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC): main psychoactive component • Small and highly lipophilic • Rapidly distributed to the brain and fat • Metabolized by the liver • Half-life is 20-36hrs to 4-6 days • Detectable up to 30 days after using – Cannabidiol (CBD): second most prevalent main active ingredient Endocannabinoid System References: Nahtigal et al. J Pain Manage. 2016 Cannabidiol vs. Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol • CB1 receptor (found on neurons and glial cells in the brain) – Binding of THC results in euphoric effects – CBD has 100 fold less affinity to CB1 receptor than -
Medical Review Officer Manual
Department of Health and Human Services Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Center for Substance Abuse Prevention Medical Review Officer Manual for Federal Agency Workplace Drug Testing Programs EFFECTIVE OCTOBER 1, 2010 Note: This manual applies to Federal agency drug testing programs that come under Executive Order 12564 dated September 15, 1986, section 503 of Public Law 100-71, 5 U.S.C. section 7301 note dated July 11, 1987, and the Department of Health and Human Services Mandatory Guidelines for Federal Workplace Drug Testing Programs (73 FR 71858) dated November 25, 2008 (effective October 1, 2010). This manual does not apply to specimens submitted for testing under U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) Procedures for Transportation Workplace Drug and Alcohol Testing Programs (49 CFR Part 40). The current version of this manual and other information including MRO Case Studies are available on the Drug Testing page under Medical Review Officer (MRO) Resources on the SAMHSA website: http://www.workplace.samhsa.gov Previous Versions of this Manual are Obsolete 3 Table of Contents Chapter 1. The Medical Review Officer (MRO)........................................................................... 6 Chapter 2. The Federal Drug Testing Custody and Control Form ................................................ 7 Chapter 3. Urine Drug Testing ...................................................................................................... 9 A. Federal Workplace Drug Testing Overview.................................................................. -
Cannabis Pregnancy
Wellness Articles Attached are weekly health and wellness articles provided by Alberta Health Services. As a way to help all Albertans live a healthy life, we welcome and encourage weekly newspapers, community newsletters and other publications to reproduce this information free of charge. Credit to Alberta Health Services or the identified content provider would be appreciated. If you would like to be added to the distribution list for these articles, please email: [email protected]. You will receive a monthly email containing articles for the upcoming four weeks. An archive of past wellness articles is available at http://www.albertahealthservices.ca/9966.asp Proposed publication date: February 25, 2019 Content provided by: Alberta Health Services Cannabis and Pregnancy Now that cannabis is legal in Canada, pregnant and breastfeeding women or those that might become pregnant need information on how to make healthy decisions for themselves and their baby. Throughout pregnancy, a baby’s quickly developing brain is very sensitive to harmful environments. Things that can harm a baby’s brain include certain illnesses, and being exposed to chemicals like alcohol, tobacco, tobacco-like products, cannabis (marijuana, hashish, hash oil) and other drugs. Because of this, pregnant women should not use cannabis in any form (marijuana, hashish, hash oil) because the mother and the baby’s health can be affected. Using cannabis while breastfeeding is also not advised as it is passed into breastmilk and stored there, and could affect a baby’s developing brain. Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the main active chemical in the cannabis plant that gives people who use it a ‘high’. -
Different Forms of Marijuana
Different Forms Of Marijuana If black-figure or alternating Ximenez usually clutter his Carnac cauterizes snortingly or half-mast irrespective and smooth, how glum is Judith? Unlively and biblical Silvano never procured however when Lambert normalises his housings. Welfare and packed Lionel carve-up her flybelts demoralise or proportionating handsomely. Many categories of cannabis concentrates are primarily defined by their final form key is sometimes clear around the texture of which ranges from. Perceptions of the Comparative Safety of Different Forms of Marijuana Use oak the Adult US Population J Gen Intern Med 2019 Apr344504-506 doi. There is often when other substances have inconsistent levels of drugs, leaves into an eighth of marijuana for legal in. Many states in the US have now legalized marijuana for medical andor. Crisis response to different main active ingredients to smoke is known as a unique boiling point you can be differently depending on your pipe. Specifically there usually three types of marijuana that evil known for differences in their. The Partnership for star Free Kids has these helpful act for parents. Marijuana Types A 101 Guide CNBS. Marijuana SRHD. Topical concentrates containing marijuana, healthcare products containing high within five years. Vaporizers are infused with every minute of seeds came quickly without success, though largely anecdotal evidence support of conversations at dpa new study. Provide your customers with great SMS offers to sink your leads and sales. It different forms. Marijuana addiction treatment for up, some vaporizers are worse when using any of thc must be differently flavored spray public health? Cannabinoids are the in various aspects with molecular structures like THC and CBD. -
Impact of Recreational and Medical Marijuana Use During Pregnancy and Lactation on the Newborn
If it’s Legal it Can’t be all Bad… can it? Impact of Recreational and Medical Marijuana use during Pregnancy and Lactation on the Newborn Moni Snell MSN RN NNP-BC Neonatal Nurse Practitioner NICU Regina Qu’Appelle Health Region Objectives Understand the current use, risks and differences between medical (CBD) and recreational (THC) marijuana Discuss evidence based education for women and current management strategies for caring for newborns exposed to THC through pregnancy and breastfeeding Discuss the impact of increased newborn exposure to recreational and medical marijuana with it’s legalization Marijuana… common term for Recreational Cannabis in the form of dried leaves, stems or seeds Anticipated legalization in Canada July 2018 Currently legal in 29 states in the US Recreational use and self –medication with cannabis is very common • Cannabis: pot, grass, reefer, weed, herb, Mary Jane, or MJ Peak use is in the 20’s and 30’s : women’s • Contains over 700 chemicals, about 70 of reproductive years which are cannabinoids • Hash and hash oil also come from the cannabis plant Cannabis Ingredients Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the chemical that makes people high Cannabidiol (CBD) is known for its medicinal qualities for pain, inflammation, and anxiety o CBD does not make you feel as high Different types of cannabis and effects depend on the amount of THC or CBD, other chemicals and their interactions THC content is known to have increased over the past several decades Oils have higher percentage of THC and THC in edible cannabis products can vary widely and can be potent THC content/potency of THC confiscated by DEA in US has been steadily increasing Consequences could be worse than in the past, especially among new users or in young people with developing brains ElSohly et al, (2016) Changes in cannabis potency over the last 2 decades (1995-2014): Analysis of current data in the United States. -
Maternal Use of Cannabis and Pregnancy Outcome
BJOG: an International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology January 2002, Vol. 109, pp. 21–27 Maternal use of cannabis and pregnancy outcome David M. Fergussona, L. John Horwooda, Kate Northstoneb,*, ALSPAC Study Teamb Objective To document the prevalence of cannabis use in a large sample of British women studied during pregnancy, to determine the association between cannabis use and social and lifestyle factors and assess any independent effects on pregnancy outcome. Design Self-completed questionnaire on use of cannabis before and during pregnancy. Sample Over 12,000 women expecting singletons at 18 to 20 weeks of gestation who were enrolled in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood. Methods Any association with the use of cannabis before and during pregnancy with pregnancy outcome was examined, taking into account potentially confounding factors including maternal social background and other substance use during pregnancy. Main outcome measures Late fetal and perinatal death, special care admission of the newborn infant, birthweight, birth length and head circumference. Results Five percent of mothers reported smoking cannabis before and/or during pregnancy; they were younger, of lower parity, better educated and more likely to use alcohol, cigarettes, coffee, tea and hard drugs. Cannabis use during pregnancy was unrelated to risk of perinatal death or need for special care, but, the babies of women who used cannabis at least once per week before and throughout pregnancy were 216g lighter than those of non-users, had significantly shorter birth lengths and smaller head circumferences. After adjustment for confounding factors, the association between cannabis use and birthweight failed to be statistically significant ( P ¼ 0.056 ) and was clearly non-linear: the adjusted mean birthweights for babies of women using cannabis at least once per week before and throughout pregnancy were 90g lighter than the offspring of other women. -
By Robert Connell Clarke
HASHISH! Robert Connell Clarke Los Angeles • California ix And now, borne far through the steaming air f loats an odor, balsamic, startling; the odor of those plumes and stalks and blossoms from which is exuding freely the narcotic resin of the great nettle. —Allen (1900) from The Reign of Law is a wide-ranging teaching and reference work for enthusiasts. ( is the genus name for the marijuana or hemp plant.) The text and illustrations include much scholarly information about hashish history and cultures, traditional and contemporary manufacture and consumption, new high-tech production innovations, and the science of hashish. Personal travels, investigations, observations, and research in the underground and above-ground worlds of hashish reinforce conclusions based on scholarly evidence. A strong effort has been made to illuminate areas of contention and to clarify misconceptions or perceived contradictions. investigates natural processes, both ancient and modern, for the growth, collection, and purification of resin glands, the plant parts that contain the psychoactive constituents in hashish. Ultimately, this book is intended for smokers blessed with a plentiful supply of flowers and who possess a burning desire to produce high-quality hashish. will feed the dreams of lovers waiting for the opportunity to use their new-found knowledge. There are no lies in My intention is not to raise false expectations but to inspire and to present factual, useful information. Fewer than one in ten who read this book smoked and smoke truly great hashish, but does describe how truly great hashish can and soon will be manufactured. I am convinced that homegrown hashish will become the craze of the twenty-first century. -
(A-9-THC) Content in Herbal Cannabis Over Time
32 Current Drug Abuse Reviews, 2012, 5, 32-40 Increasing Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (-9-THC) Content in Herbal Cannabis Over Time: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Fidelia Cascini*,1, Carola Aiello2 and GianLuca Di Tanna3 1Istituto di Medicina Legale, Università Cattolica del S. Cuore, largo F. Vito, 1 00168 Roma, Italy 2Department of Informatics and Systemics, University ‘La Sapienza’, 00185 Rome, Italy 3Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University "La Sapienza", 00185, Rome, Italy Abstract: Aim: The objective of this meta-analysis is to assess the data regarding changes in herbal cannabis potency over time (from 1970 to 2009). Methods: Systematic searches of 17 electronic scientific databases identified studies on this topic, within which 21 case series studies satisfied our inclusion criteria of reporting the mean tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) value per number of samples per year. No language, publication date, publication type or status restrictions were imposed. The study selection and data extraction processes were performed independently but uniformly by two authors, included screening, determination of eligibility and inclusion of the eligible studies in the systematic review, and a meta-analysis of the results on THC content in herbal cannabis samples. We considered papers and not monographic scientific publications, rejecting all studies that were not focused on the subject of this review. Results: Meta-analysis by year was performed on 21 studies containing 75 total mean THC observations from 1979 to 2009 using the random effects model. The results revealed much variability between studies. Further, there was a significant correlation between year and mean THC in herbal cannabis. The combined data indicated the correlation between year and mean THC in herbal cannabis, revealing a temporal trend of increasing potency (5% above the mean THC value in the Poisson regression analysis). -
Religious Use of Marijuana Cases
Summaries of Religious Use of Marijuana Cases Alabama regulate was conceivable, only that none had Rheuark v. State (1992) 601 So.2d 135 been proposed. Statutes prohibiting possession of marijuana and controlled substances did not violate freedom of California: religion rights of defendant claiming that he People v. Mullins (1975) 50 Cal. App 3d 61 worshipped plants as gods and used marijuana Facts: A deputy sheriff had gone to defendant's and psilocybin as religious practice. premises at night at the invitation of a man who Court compared Defendant’s argument to a past lived in a teepee on the property and who had told ruling on polygamy and quoting the cases the officer there were marijuana plants growing Reynolds v. United State 98 U.S. 145 and there. The officer took two plants as samples to Cleveland v. United States 329 U.S. 14 which in be tested and, three days later, went back to the sum says that morality is defined by statute and property with a search warrant. Defendant's Congress and not the individual’s perceptions of property is not enclosed or surrounded by a morality. Therefore because the possession of fence. From Ten Mile Creek Road there is a marijuana is unlawful, it doesn’t matter that the driveway that leads onto defendant's property. Defendant used it for religious use. There is no gate at the entrance to the property. At the entrance there is a sign reading “Universal Arizona: Life Church of Christ Light.” Defendant's wife People v. Hardesty (2009) 214 P.3d 1004 testified that on and prior to May 30, 1972, there FACTS: Hardesty was driving his van at night was a “no trespassing” sign at the entrance to the when an officer stopped him because one property; that a church known as “Universal Life headlight was out. -
Cannabis & Human Milk
CANNABIS & HUMAN MILK Two recent studies about cannabis use while breaseeding, both done with Colorado connecons, may have implicaons for your paents. With marijuana use during pregnancy and lactaon on the rise due to legalizaon in more states, these researchers are filling a gap in knowledge about this important health topic. The first study, conducted by Thomas Hale PhD and colleagues, looked at the transfer of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) into human milk aer maternal inhalaon of a prescribed amount of cannabis. Eight anonymous women from Colorado enrolled in the study and were instructed to disconnue any cannabis use for 24 hours, provide a sample of their milk, then smoke the prescribed amount of cannabis and collect milk at 20 minutes, one, two and four hours. The results showed that THC was transferred into milk at 2.5% of the maternal dose. The second study, done by researchers at the University of Colorado (CU) School of Public Health, used Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) data from 2014 and 2015. In this group, 5.7% reported using marijuana during pregnancy and 5% during breaseeding. They discovered that prenatal marijuana use was associated with a 50% increased chance of low birth weight in babies regardless of tobacco use. Prenatal marijuana use was four mes higher among women who were younger, less educated, received Medicaid or WIC, were white, unmarried and lived in poverty. The study suggests that prenatal cannabis use has a detrimental impact on a baby's brain funcon starng in toddlerhood, specifically issues related to aenon deficit disorder. 88% of women who use cannabis in pregnancy also breaseed their babies. -
Pregnant People's Perspectives on Cannabis Use During
Pregnant people's perspectives on cannabis use during pregnancy: A systematic review and integrative mixed-methods research synthesis Meredith Vanstone1, Janelle Panday1, Anuoluwa Popoola1, Shipra Taneja1, Devon Greyson2, Sarah McDonald1, Rachael Pack3, Morgan Black1, Beth Davis1, and Elizabeth Darling1 1McMaster University 2University of Massachusetts Amherst 3Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry March 17, 2021 Abstract Background: Cannabis use during the perinatal period is rising. Objectives: To synthesize existing knowledge on the per- spectives of pregnant people and their partners about cannabis use in pregnancy and lactation. Search strategy: We searched MEDLINE, APA PsycINFO, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Social Science Citation Index, Social Work Abstracts, ProQuest Sociology Collection up until April 1, 2020. Selection criteria: Eligible studies were those of any methodology which included the perspectives and experiences of pregnant or lactating people and their partners on cannabis use during pregnancy or lactation, with no time or geographical limit. Data collection and analysis: We employed a convergent integrative approach to the analysis of findings from all studies, using Sandelowski's technique of \qualitizing statements" to extract and summarize relevant findings from inductive analysis. Main results: We identified 23 studies of pregnant people's views about cannabis use in pregnancy. Comparative analysis revealed that whether cannabis was studied alone or grouped with other substances resulted in significant diversity in descriptions of participant decision-making priorities and perceptions of risks and benefits. Studies combining cannabis with other substance seldom addressed perceived benefits or reasons for using cannabis. Conclusions: The way cannabis is grouped with other substances influences the design and results of research.