Hindu Contributions to the World 1 ADHIKARI MESSAGES
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The Book of Numbers
SHAKUNTALA DEVI'S NUMBEBS Everything you always wanted to know about numbers but was difficult to understand. Shakuntala Devi's Book of Numbers Everything You Always Wanted to Know About Numbers, But was Difficult to Understand We can't live without numbers. We need them in our daily chores, big and small. But we carry in us a certain fear of numbers and are never confident about using them. Shakuntala Devi, the internationally famous mathematical wizard, makes it easy for us— and interesting. This book contains all we always wanted to know about numbers but was difficult to understand, and which was nowhere available. Divided into three parts, the first will tell you everything about numbers, the second some anecdotes related with numbers and mathematicians, and the third a few important tables that will always help you. Shakuntala Devi popularly known as "the human computer," is a world famous mathematical prodigy who continues to outcompute the most sophisticated computers. She took only fifty seconds to calculate the twenty-third root of a 201 digit number. To verify her answer, a computer in Washington programmed with over 13,000 instructions took ten seconds longer. Shakuntala Devi firmly believes that mathematics can be great fun for everybody. "... makes very, interesting reading and provides valuable information." Hindu By the same author in Orient Paperbacks Puzzles to Puzzle You Astrology for You Perfect Murder Figuring: The Joy of Numbers More Puzzles to Puzzle You Shakuntala Devi's BOOK OF NUMBERS Everything You Always Wanted to Know About Numbers But Was Difficult to Understand ORIENT PAPERBACKS A Division of Vision Books Pvt. -
The Book of Numbers
SHAKUNTALA DEVI'S NUMBEBS Everything you always wanted to know about numbers but was difficult to understand. Shakuntala Devi's Book of Numbers Everything You Always Wanted to Know About Numbers, But was Difficult to Understand We can't live without numbers. We need them in our daily chores, big and small. But we carry in us a certain fear of numbers and are never confident about using them. Shakuntala Devi, the internationally famous mathematical wizard, makes it easy for us— and interesting. This book contains all we always wanted to know about numbers but was difficult to understand, and which was nowhere available. Divided into three parts, the first will tell you everything about numbers, the second some anecdotes related with numbers and mathematicians, and the third a few important tables that will always help you. Shakuntala Devi popularly known as "the human computer," is a world famous mathematical prodigy who continues to outcompute the most sophisticated computers. She took only fifty seconds to calculate the twenty-third root of a 201 digit number. To verify her answer, a computer in Washington programmed with over 13,000 instructions took ten seconds longer. Shakuntala Devi firmly believes that mathematics can be great fun for everybody. "... makes very, interesting reading and provides valuable information." Hindu By the same author in Orient Paperbacks Puzzles to Puzzle You Astrology for You Perfect Murder Figuring: The Joy of Numbers More Puzzles to Puzzle You Shakuntala Devi's BOOK OF NUMBERS Everything You Always Wanted to Know About Numbers But Was Difficult to Understand ORIENT PAPERBACKS A Division of Vision Books Pvt. -
Study of Caste
H STUDY OF CASTE BY P. LAKSHMI NARASU Author of "The Essence of Buddhism' MADRAS K. V. RAGHAVULU, PUBLISHER, 367, Mint Street. Printed by V. RAMASWAMY SASTRULU & SONS at the " VAVILLA " PRESS, MADRAS—1932. f All Rights Reservtd by th* Author. To SIR PITTI THY AG A ROY A as an expression of friendship and gratitude. FOREWORD. This book is based on arfcioles origiDally contributed to a weekly of Madras devoted to social reform. At the time of their appearance a wish was expressed that they might be given a more permanent form by elaboration into a book. In fulfilment of this wish I have revised those articles and enlarged them with much additional matter. The book makes no pretentions either to erudition or to originality. Though I have not given references, I have laid under contribution much of the literature bearing on the subject of caste. The book is addressed not to savants, but solely to such mea of common sense as have been drawn to consider the ques tion of caste. He who fights social intolerance, slavery and injustice need offer neither substitute nor constructive theory. Caste is a crippli^jg disease. The physicians duty is to guard against diseasb or destroy it. Yet no one considers the work of the physician as negative. The attainment of liberty and justice has always been a negative process. With out rebelling against social institutions and destroying custom there can never be the tree exercise of liberty and justice. A physician can, however, be of no use where there is no vita lity. -
Shiva-Vishnu Temple
MARCH & APRIL 2003 Vol.16 No.2 PLEASE NOTE THE SCHEDULES DIRECTIONS Weekdays: 9 am to 12 noon From Freeway 580 in Livermore: and 6 pm to 8 pm Exit North Vasco Road, left on Scenic Ave, Weekends & Holidays: 9 am to 8 pm Left on Arrowhead Avenue NEWS FROM THE HINDU COMMUNITY AND CULTURAL CENTER, LIVERMORE VISIT OUR WEB SITE AT http://www.livermoretemple.org SHIVA-VISHNU TEMPLE TELEPHONE (925) 449-6255 FAX (925) 455-0404 OM NAMAH SHIVAYA OM NAMO NARAYA N AYA Message from the Chairman & the Pre s i d e n t Dear Devotees and well wishers, We are honored and privileged to serve as the Chairman and the President of HCCC for the year 2003. To g e t h e r, we are grateful to the outgoing Chairman and President, Sri. Ramarao Yendluri and Sri. Vishnu Vardhan Reddy respectively, who served with distinction and integrity and whose team accomplished a great deal in construction, fund-raising, human services, religious, cultural and other activities. We appreciate the services of the outgoing members of the Executive Committee, Suresh Upadhyayula, Jamal Sarma, Peraiah Sudanagunta and Milind Korde (nominated), and the Board of Directors Raman Rao, Amrit Duneja and Ramarao Yendluri for their indi- vidual contributions and successful completion of their elected terms. A special mention and recognition is due to Smt. Subadra Subramanian for her valuable service to HCCC. She has decided to resign from the Board for personal and family reasons and the newly elected Board has nominated Sri. Lingagoud Memula to serve for one year. -
Notices of the American Mathematical Society June/July 2006
of the American Mathematical Society ... (I) , Ate._~ f.!.o~~Gffi·u. .4-e.e..~ ~~~- •i :/?I:(; $~/9/3, Honoring J ~ rt)d ~cLra-4/,:e~ o-n. /'~7 ~ ~<A at a Gift from fL ~ /i: $~ "'7/<J/3. .} -<.<>-a.-<> ~e.Lz?-1~ CL n.y.L;; ro'T>< 0 -<>-<~:4z_ I Kumbakonam li .d. ~ ~~d a. v#a.d--??">ovt<.·c.-6 ~~/f. t:JU- Lo,.,do-,......) ~a page 640 ~!! ?7?.-L ..(; ~7 Ca.-uM /3~~-d~ .Y~~:Li: ~·e.-l a:.--nd '?1.-d- p ~ .di.,r--·c/~ C(c£~r~~u . J~~~aq_ f< -e-.-.ol ~ ~ ~/IX~ ~ /~~ 4)r!'a.. /:~~c~ •.7~ The Millennium Grand Challenge .(/.) a..Lu.O<"'? ...0..0~ e--ne_.o.AA/T..C<.r~- /;;; '7?'E.G .£.rA-CLL~ ~ ·d ~ in Mathematics C>n.A..U-a.A-d ~~. J /"-L .h. ?n.~ ~?(!.,£ ~ ~ &..ct~ /U~ page 652 -~~r a-u..~~r/a.......<>l/.k> 0?-t- ~at o ~~ &~ -~·e.JL d ~~ o(!'/UJD/ J;I'J~~Lcr~~ 0 ??u£~ ifJ>JC.Qol J ~ ~ ~ -0-H·d~-<.() d Ld.orn.J,k, -F-'1-. ~- a-o a.rd· J-c~.<-r:~ rn-u-{-r·~ ~'rrx ~~/ ~-?naae ~~ a...-'XS.otA----o-n.<l C</.J.d:i. ~~~ ~cL.va- 7 ??.L<A) ~ - Ja/d ~~ ./1---J- d-.. ~if~ ~0:- ~oj'~ t1fd~u: - l + ~ _,. :~ _,. .~., -~- .. =- ~ ~ d.u. 7 ~'d . H J&."dIJ';;;::. cL. r ~·.d a..L- 0.-n(U. jz-o-cn-...l- o~- 4; ~ .«:... ~....£.~.:: a/.l~!T cLc.·£o.-4- ~ d.v. /-)-c~ a;- ~'>'T/JH'..,...~ ~ d~~ ~u ~ ~ a..t-4. l& foLk~ '{j ~~- e4 -7'~ -£T JZ~~c~ d.,_ .&~ o-n ~ -d YjtA:o ·C.LU~ ~or /)-<..,.,r &-. -
A Quartically Convergent Square Root Algorithm: an Exercise in Forensic Paleo-Mathematics
A Quartically Convergent Square Root Algorithm: An Exercise in Forensic Paleo-Mathematics David H Bailey, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, USA DHB’s website: http://crd.lbl.gov/~dhbailey! Collaborator: Jonathan M. Borwein, University of Newcastle, Australia 1 A quartically convergent algorithm for Pi: Jon and Peter Borwein’s first “big” result In 1985, Jonathan and Peter Borwein published a “quartically convergent” algorithm for π. “Quartically convergent” means that each iteration approximately quadruples the number of correct digits (provided all iterations are performed with full precision): Set a0 = 6 - sqrt[2], and y0 = sqrt[2] - 1. Then iterate: 1 (1 y4)1/4 y = − − k k+1 1+(1 y4)1/4 − k a = a (1 + y )4 22k+3y (1 + y + y2 ) k+1 k k+1 − k+1 k+1 k+1 Then ak, converge quartically to 1/π. This algorithm, together with the Salamin-Brent scheme, has been employed in numerous computations of π. Both this and the Salamin-Brent scheme are based on the arithmetic-geometric mean and some ideas due to Gauss, but evidently he (nor anyone else until 1976) ever saw the connection to computation. Perhaps no one in the pre-computer age was accustomed to an “iterative” algorithm? Ref: J. M. Borwein and P. B. Borwein, Pi and the AGM: A Study in Analytic Number Theory and Computational Complexity}, John Wiley, New York, 1987. 2 A quartically convergent algorithm for square roots I have found a quartically convergent algorithm for square roots in a little-known manuscript: · To compute the square root of q, let x0 be the initial approximation. -
Philosophy of Mind: an Advaita Vedanta Perspective
Philosophy of Mind: An Advaita Vedanta Perspective SURYA KANT A MAHARANA Philosophy of mind and the philosophical issues arising in the allied domain of cognitive sciences constitute a fast developing territory in the world of philosophical enquiry. The origin of the philosophy of mind can be traced back to the Greek period. Anaxagoras (of Athens; perhaps in 500-428 BC) taught tha t all things come from the mixing of innumerable tiny particles of all kinds of substance, shaped by a separate, immaterial, creating principle, Nous ('Mind'). Nous is not explicitly called divine, but has the qualities of a creating god; Nous does not create matter, but rather creates the forms that matter assumes. However, in the Western philosophical tradition, one can hardly find a cleavage between mind a nd consciousness. On the contrary, it is quite fascinating to discover th at there is a hard and fast cleavage be tween miJU! and consciousness in the classical Indian philosophical tradition, especiall y in the tradition of Advaita Vedanta. In this direction, the paper is an attempt to discover the unique structure of mind and to distinguish it from consciousness in the light of the champion of Advaita Vedanta, Adi Salikaracarya. To begin wi th, in the Western tradition, the terms 'mind', 'self' and 'consciousness' are often used synonymously. The renowned philosopher, Rene Descartes, makes a sharp and radical division between mind and body. 1 The two are regarded as separate and independent substances and it is thought that the interaction between ~hem is i.mpossible c x~ept t~rough some inexplicable or mysterious mterv~nll on or connectiOn.' Tile facts of the connection between body and mmd are so compelhng that Descartes was obliged to assume the connection between the two through the pineal gland. -
DHYANA VAHINI Stream of Meditation
DHYANA VAHINI Stream of Meditation SATHYA SAI BABA Contents Dhyana Vahini 5 Publisher’s Note 6 PREFACE 7 Chapter I. The Power of Meditation 10 Binding actions and liberating actions 10 Taming the mind and the intelligence 11 One-pointedness and concentration 11 The value of chanting the divine name and meditation 12 The method of meditation 12 Chapter II. Chanting God’s Name and Meditation 14 Gauge meditation by its inner impact 14 The three paths of meditation 15 The need for bodily and mental training 15 Everyone has the right to spiritual success 16 Chapter III. The Goal of Meditation 18 Control the temper of the mind 18 Concentration and one-pointedness are the keys 18 Yearn for the right thing! 18 Reaching the goal through meditation 19 Gain inward vision 20 Chapter IV. Promote the Welfare of All Beings 21 Eschew the tenfold “sins” 21 Be unaffected by illusion 21 First, good qualities; later, the absence of qualities 21 The placid, calm, unruffled character wins out 22 Meditation is the basis of spiritual experience 23 Chapter V. Cultivate the Blissful Atmic Experience 24 The primary qualifications 24 Lead a dharmic life 24 The eight gates 25 Wish versus will 25 Take it step by step 25 No past or future 26 Clean and feed the mind 26 Chapter VI. Meditation Reveals the Eternal and the Non-Eternal 27 The Lord’s grace is needed to cross the sea 27 Why worry over short-lived attachments? 27 We are actors in the Lord’s play 29 Chapter VII. -
Indian Mathematics
Indian Mathemtics V. S. Varadarajan University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA UCLA, March 3-5, 2008 Abstract In these two lectures I shall talk about some Indian mathe- maticians and their work. I have chosen two examples: one from the 7th century, Brahmagupta, and the other, Ra- manujan, from the 20th century. Both of these are very fascinating figures, and their histories illustrate various as- pects of mathematics in ancient and modern times. In a very real sense their works are still relevant to the mathe- matics of today. Some great ancient Indian figures of Science Varahamihira (505–587) Brahmagupta (598-670) Bhaskara II (1114–1185) The modern era Ramanujan, S (1887–1920) Raman, C. V (1888–1970) Mahalanobis, P. C (1893–1972) Harish-Chandra (1923–1983) Bhaskara represents the peak of mathematical and astro- nomical knowledge in the 12th century. He reached an un- derstanding of calculus, astronomy, the number systems, and solving equations, which were not to be achieved any- where else in the world for several centuries...(Wikipedia). Indian science languished after that, the British colonial occupation did not help, but in the 19th century there was a renaissance of arts and sciences, and Indian Science even- tually reached a level comparable to western science. BRAHMAGUPTA (598–670c) Some quotations of Brahmagupta As the sun eclipses the stars by its brilliancy, so the man of knowledge will eclipse the fame of others in assemblies of the people if he proposes algebraic problems, and still more, if he solves them. Quoted in F Cajori, A History of Mathematics A person who can, within a year, solve x2 92y2 =1, is a mathematician. -
Bakhshali Manuscript
THE BAKHSHALI P 1' AN ANCIENT TREATISE OF INDIAN Alt I'I'I I N 4F,' EDITED BY Svami Satya Prakash Sarasvat I and 00 Usha,jyotishmati, M. Sc., D. Phil. Dr. Rataa Kumari Svadhyaya Sansthani ALLAHABAD. PUBLISHE S BY Dr. Ratn Kumari Svadhyaya Sansthana Vijnaua Parishad Buildings Maharshi Dayanand Marg Allahabad-211002 Phone : 54413 FIRST EDITION 1979 Price Rs. 50/-( £ 3.5 or $ 7 ) Printed at :- ARVIND PRINTERS 20-1), Bell Road, Allahabad, Phone Not 3711 CDr `-Patna umari Born 20-3- 19 12 Died 2-12-1964 PREFACE Dr. Ratna Kumari, M. A., D. Phil. was deeply interested in education, higher research and scholarship, and when she died in 1964, the Director of the Research Institute of Ancient Scientific Studies, Now Delhi, graciously agreed to publish in her commemo- ration a Series to be known as the "Dr. Raffia Kumari PubllcaNnu Series", and tinder this arrangement, the five volumes published were: Satapatha Brahmanain.Vol. I, 11 and III (1967, 1969, 19711): ltaudhayana Sulba Sutram (1968) and the Apastanrba Sulba Sutruun (1968).Itis to be regretted that in1971, Pundit Rain Swarnp Sharnta, the Director of the Institute died and shortly afterwards, the activities of the Institute came to a close.In 1971, from an endowment created by the relations of late Dr. Ratna Kurnari, Dr. Ratna Kumari Svadhyaya Sansthana, a research orgunicution for promotion of higher studiesamongstladies,wasostahll. shed at Allahabad, with Sri Anand Prakash, the younger son of 1)r. Ratna Kumari as the firstPresident.Svumi Satya Prukunlt (formerly, Prof. Dr. Satya Prakash)has authorisedDr.Ratna Kumari Svadhyaya Sansthana to publish several of his works, plirti. -
In How Many Days Will He Meet His Wife?
Journal of Humanistic Mathematics Volume 11 | Issue 1 January 2021 In How Many Days Will He Meet His Wife? Dipak Jadhav Govt. Boys Higher Secondary School, Anjad Distt. Barwani (M. P.) India Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.claremont.edu/jhm Part of the Arts and Humanities Commons, and the Mathematics Commons Recommended Citation Jadhav, D. "In How Many Days Will He Meet His Wife?," Journal of Humanistic Mathematics, Volume 11 Issue 1 (January 2021), pages 95-112. DOI: 10.5642/jhummath.202101.07 . Available at: https://scholarship.claremont.edu/jhm/vol11/iss1/7 ©2021 by the authors. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons License. JHM is an open access bi-annual journal sponsored by the Claremont Center for the Mathematical Sciences and published by the Claremont Colleges Library | ISSN 2159-8118 | http://scholarship.claremont.edu/jhm/ The editorial staff of JHM works hard to make sure the scholarship disseminated in JHM is accurate and upholds professional ethical guidelines. However the views and opinions expressed in each published manuscript belong exclusively to the individual contributor(s). The publisher and the editors do not endorse or accept responsibility for them. See https://scholarship.claremont.edu/jhm/policies.html for more information. In How Many Days Will He Meet His Wife? Cover Page Footnote Except for a few changes this paper was presented as an invited talk in International Web-Conference on History of Mathematics, during December 20-22, 2020 organized by Indian Society for History of Mathematics, Delhi, India. This work is available in Journal of Humanistic Mathematics: https://scholarship.claremont.edu/jhm/vol11/iss1/7 In How Many Days Will He Meet His Wife? Dipak Jadhav Govt. -
What Is Hindu Dharma
Srisa Chandra Vasu A catechism Of Hindu Dharma Srisa Chandra Vasu A Catechism of Hindu Dharma Table of Contents PREFACE .............................................................................................................. 3 CHAPTER I ............................................................................................................ 5 WHAT IS HINDU DHARMA ........................................................................................... 5 CHAPTER II ......................................................................................................... 34 ON WORSHIP .......................................................................................................... 34 CHAPTER III ........................................................................................................ 54 ATMA OR SOUL ....................................................................................................... 54 CHAPTER IV ........................................................................................................ 92 KARMA AND REBIRTH ............................................................................................... 92 CHAPTER V ....................................................................................................... 149 THE RULES OF CONDUCT ......................................................................................... 149 2 A Catechism of Hindu Dharma Preface Twenty years ago when this book first made its appearance, it created great excitement in a certain section