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Ministry of Water Resources Government of India India - Water Resources Management Sector Review Report on Inter-Sectoral Water Allocation, Planning and Management

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Ministry of Water Resources Government of India India - Water Resources Management Sector Review Report on Inter-Sectoral Water Allocation, Planning and Management WORLD BANK Report No. 18322 INDIA - WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT Public Disclosure Authorized SECTOR REVIEW REPORT ON INTER-SECTORAL WATER ALLOCATION, PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT Public Disclosure Authorized VOLUME II: DATA AND CASE STUDY ANNEX June 27, 1998 Public Disclosure Authorized Rural Development Unit South Asia Region World Bank In Cooperation with Public Disclosure Authorized Ministry of Water Resources Government of India India - Water Resources Management Sector Review Report on Inter-sectoral Water Allocation, Planning and Management TABLE OF CONTENTS VOLUME II: DATA AND CASE STUDY ANNEX Annex 1. BOXES ON WATER AVAILABILITYAND DISTRIBUTION Box Al.l. River Basin Water Availability ............................................ 1..... Box Al.2. Water Availability in Selected Countries.................................. 2 Box Al.3. Global Water Issues .......................................................... 3 Annex 2. BOXES ON WATER-RELATEDENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH ISSUES Box A2. 1. Water-related Environmental and Health Issues in India .4 Box A2.2. Impact of Domestic and Industrial Effluents in Bellandur (Kamataka) .6 Box A2.3. Coastal Zones in India: EnvironmentalProblems and Management Possibilities .7 Box A2.4. State-Wise Groundwater Problem Areas from Industrial Pollution .9 Box A2.5. CPCB Classification of Fresh Water and Primary Quality Criteria.10 Box A2.6. ISI Drinking Water Standards.11 Box A2.7. Institutions and their Environmental and Water-related Programs .12 Box A2.8. Current Environmental and Water-related Programs in India.16 Box A2.9. Using Price Mechanisms for Pollution Control: The Case of the Dutch Water Boards.19 Box A2.1O. Incorporating Requirements of Aquatic Ecology in Water Resources Management: Indian and International Experience.21 Box A2. 11. A River Runs Through It: Delhi and the Yamuna River Basin.22 Annex 3. BOXES ON RIVER BASIN ORGANIZATIONSAND INSTITUTIONS Box A3. 1. The Inter-State Water Disputes Act for Establishing Tribunals: Existing Limitations.26 Box A3.2. The Krishna Water Dispute Tribunal Award.......................... 28 Box A3.3. River Basin Management: Indian Experience.29 Box A3.4. River Basin Organizations: International Experience and India's DVC Experience.31 Box A3.5. River Basin Management: Murray-Darling Basin Experience, Australia.34 India - Water Resources Management Sector Review Report on Inter-sectoral Water Allocation, Planning and Management Box A3.6. Joint Management of Shared Aquifers Between the Israelis and Palestinians: Institutional Mechanisms........................... 37 Box A3.7. Establishing Institutions for Water Allocation, Planning and Management at State Levels: Experience Under the WRCPs in Tamil Nadu and Orissa........................................... 39 Box A3.8. Vaigai Basin StakeholderParticipation .................................. 41 Box A3.9. Institutional Linkages: Proposed Calcutta Environmental Management Strategy........................................... 43 Annex 4. BOXES ON ECONOMICS AND PRICING Box A4.1. Indian Agricultural and Industrial GDP, 1986-1995............... 44 Box A4.2. Working Expenses and Interest on Capital Outlay in Irrigation Projects, 1974-1992........................................... 45 Box A4.3. Estimated Demand for Water in Mehsana, Gujarat ................ 46 Box A4.4. Differential Pollution Fees for Industry in Tamil Nadu .......... 47 Box A4.5 Water Pollution Fees for Industry in Andhra Pradesh ............ 48 Box A4.6. Calcutta's Water Supply and Surrogate Volumetric Water Pricing ......................................... 49 Box A4.7. Long-term Marginal Cost of Water Supply in South Africa ... 50 Box A4.8. How Domestic Sugar Policies Affect Water Use.................... 52 Box A4.9. Government of Karnataka's Agricultural Policy .................... 53 Box A4.10. Market Failure and Rationale for Government Intervention in Water Resources Management......................................... 54 Annex 5. BOXES ON WATER RIGHTS AND WATER MARKETS Box A5.1. Surface and GroundwaterRights: International Experience 55 Box A5.2 Protecting Existing Rights While Instituting a New Water Rights System: International Experience............................... 56 Box A5.3. Pre-conditions for Efficient, Equitable and Environmentally Sustainable Water Markets........................................... 57 Box A5.4. Opportunities for Establishing Water Rights and a Groundwater District: The Case of Chennai........................................... 58 Box A5.5. Economic Scope and Institutional Constraints for Inter-Sectoral Water Allocation: The Case of Hyderabad............................. 60 Box A5.6. Groundwater Transfers and Latent Water Markets in Periyar- Vaigai Basin, Tamil Nadu ........................................... 61 Box A5.7. California Drought Water Bank........................................... 63 Box A5.8. Water Markets in Chile........................................... 64 Annex 6. BOXES ON TECHNOLOGY Box A6. 1. Environmental Technology Options for Water Management. 65 Box A6.2. Integrated Wetland System for Wastewater Treatment and Reuse........................................... 67 Box A6.3. Common Effluent Treatment Plants (CETPs)......................... 68 India - Water Resources Management Sector Review Report on Inter-sectoral Water Allocation, Planning and Management Annex 7. BOXES ON BASIN MODELING AND PLANNING Box A7. 1. Institutional Responsibilities in Water-related Data Collection ........................................ 69 Box A7.2. Some Axioms for Good Basin Planning (Knowledge Driven- Knowledge Management)........................................ 70 Box A7.3. Modeling for Stakeholder Participation: The THANNI Model for the Vaigai Basin ....................................... 71 Box A7.4. Inter-Sectoral Water Resources Planning and Management in a River Basin Context ................. ....................... 75 Annex 8. BRAINSTORMINGSESSION ON IMPROVING INTER-SECTORAL WATER ALLOCATION,PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT List of Participants .................................................. 79 Annex 9. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL WORKSHOP ON INTER- SECTORAL WATER ALLOCATION,PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT............................................................ 80 Cover ........................................................... 81 Workshop Program........................................................... 82 List of Participants........................................................... 84 Recommendations from Workshop Sub-Groups Group 1: Policies, Strategies and Legislation ................ ....................86 Group 2: Institutional Arrangements .................................................88 Group 3: Inter-Sectoral Perspectives, Allocation Principles and Mechanisms, and Economic and other Instruments ........... 90 Group 4: Technical, Environment and Public Awareness ......... ........92 India - Water Resources Management Sector Review Report on Inter-sectoral Water Allocation, Planning and Management Annex 1. Water Availability and Distribution Box A1.1 River Basin Water Availability Catchment Area Average Annual Replenishable Estimated 1991 Per Capita Available Per Capita Surface River Basin (million hectares) Surface Water Groundwater Population (millions) Surface Water and Groundwater Availability (BCM) Resources (BCM) (cubic meters) (cubic meters) Indus 32.13 73.31 26.55 41.90 1,749 2383.29 Ganga-Brahmaputra-Meghna 109.76 1110.62 206.07 392.04 18,061 3358.56 System (includes Ganga & Brahmaputra & Barak) Ganga 86.15 525.02 171 356.80 1,471 1950.73 Brahmaputra & Barak 23.61 585.60 35.07 35.24 16,589 17612.66 Godavari 31.28 110.54 40.6 53.98 2,048 2799.93 Krishna 25.89 78.12 26.4 60.78 1,285 1719.64 Cauvery 8.12 21.36 12.3 29.33 728 1147.63 Subemarekha 2.92 12.37 1.8 9.46 1,307 1497.89 Brahmani-Baitarni 5.18 28.48 4.05 9.77 2,915 3329.58 Mahanadi 14.16 66.88 16.5 26.60 2,513 3134.59 Pennar 5.52 6.32 4.93 9.70 651 1159.79 Mahi 3.48 11.02 10.48 1,052 1051.53 Sabarmati 2.17 3.81 10.58 360 360.11 Narmada 9.88 45.64 10.8 14.70 3,109 3839.46 Tapi 6.51 14.88 8.27 14.80 1,007 1564.19 West Flowing Rivers 28.9 a. Tapi to Tadri 5.59 87.41 25.80 3,383 3387.98 b. Tadri to Kanyakumari 5.62 113.53 32.60 3,480 3482.52 c. Kutch and Saurashtra incl. 32.19 15.10 22.10 683 683.26 Luni East Flowing Rivers 18.2 a. Mahanadi to Godavari 8.66 22.52 23.60 953 954.24 b. Pennar to Kanyakumari 10.01 16.46 45.20 366 364.16 Area of Inland Drainage in 6 7.10 Rajasthan . Minor Rivers draining into 3.63 31.00 2.10 14,623 Bangladesh and Myanmar Source: Indian Water Resources Society, 1997. 1 India- WaterResources Management Sector Review Reporton Inter-sectoralWater Allocation, Planning and Management Annex 1. WaterAvailability and Distribution Box A1.2 Water Availability in Selected Countries Country Per Capita Water Availability 3 (m per year) Africa * Algeria 528 * Egypt 923 * Kenya 1,069 * Libya 111 * Morocco 1,110 * South Africa 1,206 Asia * Singapore 211 Europe * Belgium 1,236 * United Kingdom 1,219 Middle East * Israel 382 * Jordan 314 * Kuwait 103 * Lebanon 1,854 * Oman 892 * Saudi Arabia 254 * United Arab Emirates 1,047 * Yemen, Rep. 359 South America * Peru 1,682 Source: World Resources Institute, 1997. (Adapted for India - WRM Sector Review, World Bank, 1998). 2 India- WaterResources Management Sector Review Reporton Inter-sectoralWater Allocation, Planning and Management Annex1. WaterAvailability and Distribution Box A1.3 Global Water Issues In India, freshwater demand will increase considerably in the coming decades,
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