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A Content Analysis of Jihadist Magazines: Theoretical Perspectives University of Central Florida STARS Honors Undergraduate Theses UCF Theses and Dissertations 2018 A Content Analysis of Jihadist Magazines: Theoretical Perspectives Catalina M. Udani University of Central Florida Part of the Communication Technology and New Media Commons, Critical and Cultural Studies Commons, Defense and Security Studies Commons, International and Intercultural Communication Commons, International Relations Commons, Organizational Communication Commons, Other Political Science Commons, Political Theory Commons, and the Terrorism Studies Commons Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/honorstheses University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the UCF Theses and Dissertations at STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Undergraduate Theses by an authorized administrator of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Recommended Citation Udani, Catalina M., "A Content Analysis of Jihadist Magazines: Theoretical Perspectives" (2018). Honors Undergraduate Theses. 351. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/honorstheses/351 A CONTENT ANALYSIS OF JIHADIST MAGAZINES: THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES by CATALINA MARGARITA UDANI University of Central Florida A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Honors in the Major Program in the Nicholson School of Communication in the College of Sciences at the University of Central Florida. Orlando, Florida Spring Term, 2018 Thesis Chair: Dr. Jonathan Matusitz ABSTRACT During its violent spread across the Middle East, the Islamic State of Iraq and Sham (ISIS) amassed both a local and international following in large part due to its usage of emergent media distribution. Beginning in 2014, ISIS’s Ministry of Media published an English-language magazine, Dabiq, disseminating its issues through online platforms. Dabiq and its successor Rumiyah both serve as propagandistic recruitment material for ISIS’s international community as well as broadcasting the message of the jihadist movement to ISIS’s enemies. This study analyzed ISIS’s publications using a qualitative content analysis in order to identify jihadist recruitment strategies through the perspectives of agenda-setting theory, the diffusion of innovations, symbolic convergence theory, and speech codes theory. These communication theories characterize the roles that civilizational conflict, population demographics, narrative themes, and emergent media play in the diffusion of the jihadist movement. This study samples the textual content and imagery of issues of Dabiq and Rumiyah, using thematic analysis to procedurally code the data by recognizing shared characteristics and concepts. The fundamental goal of this study is to gain a greater understanding of the way ISIS, its members, and the jihadist movement communicate their intentions, with the hope of preventing further recruitment and radicalization. The two following research questions drive this study: (1) What themes are present in the ISIS publications of Dabiq and Rumiyah? (2) How do the themes of these publications vary over time? ii The findings of this study reveal an overarching worldview present in the rhetoric of every theme within the magazines. The themes are as follows: jihad, sharia, the ummah, non- Muslims and apostate Muslims, the caliphate, violent militancy, enmity against the West, divine sanction, and final conflict. These themes reflect ISIS’s ultimate goal a wide-scale conflict between faithful jihadists and their enemies – the infidels and apostates. This conflict is both physical and ideological; ISIS encourages its members to believe that they are sanctioned by Allah and will triumph culturally over the West and nonbelievers. ISIS’s focus on the subjugation of these nonbelievers through violent militancy further pushes the shared group fantasy of total victory over its enemies. The variation in thematic frequency visible within the magazines imply trends in ISIS’s shifting priorities over time. However, ISIS’s thematic hierarchy still reinforces a black-and-white rhetoric of all-encompassing conflict. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This thesis was only made possible through the immense support and mentorship I had from the following people. Their guidance helped me through every step of the way, and I wish to express my gratitude for all their encouragement. First of all, I would like to thank my family for their enthusiasm of my academic passions and for their support as I undertook this thesis. I also wish to extend this gratitude to the close friends who walked with me through this journey. Their strength supported me all this way, and I will always be grateful. I also wish to wholeheartedly thank my thesis chair, Dr. Jonathan Matusitz, for his immeasurable guidance throughout this study, without which my research would not have been possible. His knowledge and expertise put my research ideas into practice. Lastly, I extend my gratitude to the members of my thesis committee, Dr. Ted Reynolds and Dr. Lindsay Neuberger. Their wealth of knowledge provided with me with deep wells of mentorship to draw upon. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................. 1 Objective of this Study ................................................................................................................ 1 Rationale for Conducting this Study ........................................................................................... 2 Preview of the Main Points ......................................................................................................... 3 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................................. 4 Agenda-Setting Theory ............................................................................................................... 4 Framing Theory ....................................................................................................................... 5 Persuasion ................................................................................................................................ 7 Propaganda ............................................................................................................................ 10 Diffusion of Innovations (DoI) Theory ..................................................................................... 11 Memetic Engineering ............................................................................................................ 13 Symbolic Convergence Theory ................................................................................................. 15 Fantasy Themes ..................................................................................................................... 16 Symbolic Cues ....................................................................................................................... 17 Fantasy Types ........................................................................................................................ 18 Sagas ...................................................................................................................................... 18 Speech Codes Theory ................................................................................................................ 19 Islam .......................................................................................................................................... 20 The Quran .............................................................................................................................. 21 Salafism ................................................................................................................................. 22 The Principle of Abrogation .................................................................................................. 23 The Principle of Ijtihad .......................................................................................................... 25 Jihad and Islamic Terrorism ...................................................................................................... 26 v Clash of Civilizations ............................................................................................................ 28 Jihadist Motivations ............................................................................................................... 30 The Islamic State of Iraq and Sham (ISIS) ............................................................................... 32 Online Social Media .............................................................................................................. 34 Dabiq ......................................................................................................................................... 36 Inspire .................................................................................................................................... 37 Apocalyptic Language ........................................................................................................... 38 Emotional Language .............................................................................................................. 40 Other Propagandistic Themes ................................................................................................ 41 Rumiyah ...................................................................................................................................
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