Minka, Timberframe, Chrysanthemum
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Findings from Teaching International Students Traditional Japanese Architecture and Gardens
Cross Cultural Education in Architecture: Findings from Title Teaching International Students Traditional Japanese Architecture and Gardens Author(s) Suzuki, Arno Archi-cultural translations through the Silk Road : 2nd International Conference, Mukogawa Women's University, Citation Nishinomiya, Japan, July 14-16, 2012, selected papers (2013): 175-183 Issue Date 2013 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/226665 Right 発行元の許可を得て登録しています. Type Conference Paper Textversion author Kyoto University Archi-Cultural Translations through the Silk Road nd 2 International Conference, Mukogawa Women’s Univ., Nishinomiya, Japan, July 14-16, 2012 Selected Papers, pages 175-183 CROSS CULTURAL EDUCATION IN ARCHITECTURE: FINDINGS FROM TEACHING INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS TRADITIONAL JAPANESE ARCHITECTURE AND GARDENS Arno Suzuki1 1 Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan Keywords: architectural education, international students, Japanese architecture, vernacular architecture, Japanese gardens. Abstract: Architectural educators in Japanese higher education institutions have been discussing how to establish a global- standard school system and to internationalize our students. Traditional Japanese architecture and gardens were almost forgotten in this trend, despite its ever-lasting popularity in the global market. Traditional industry is endangered domestically, but it teaches us many good ideas such as sustainable design, and we may revitalize it with internationalization. For this purpose, the author examined how to teach traditional Japanese architecture and gardens to those who came from different cultures. Observation in classes and surveys with both international and domestic students have indicated that anyone can understand Japanese design as long as it was introduced properly. Only each student’s experience and motivation seemed to influence how they see the subject. This article shares some of these findings to open up further discussions. -
THE TECTONIC FRAMEWORK of MINKA: MEANING THROUGH INTENSIFICATION in the JAPANESE FOLKHOUSE GUNTIS PLESUMS Chinese University of Hong Kong
1996 ACSA European Conference Copenhagen THE TECTONIC FRAMEWORK OF MINKA: MEANING THROUGH INTENSIFICATION IN THE JAPANESE FOLKHOUSE GUNTIS PLESUMS Chinese University of Hong Kong Minka, the Japanese folkhouse, uses a space-structur- ing principle that is fundamentally different from the style and construction of the sukiya-zukuri, the well-documented "Japa- nese house." A general framework defines an undifferentiated space, supports the roof structure, and carries the large roof. About two thirds of the plan is raised off the ground, and doma, an earthen floor area, is used as an enclosed kitchen, work space, and shelter for animals. The minkaspace-structuring method is used in farmhouses as well as townhouses. Regional factors determine variations in plan, massing, and roofstyles. All minka, however, share common characteristics. Rooms are partitioned off during initial construction or as necessary over time. Minka represents process-generated space, and the adaptability and survival of this building type is largely due to its hierarchical structure. Seven primary frame- work types' support the roofstructure, and a secondarystructure facilitates the building of walls, lean-tos, and other modifica- tions. In contrast, each spatial cell ofa sukiya-zukurihouse is defined by corner columns, and the ambiguous floor plan ofthis aggregation sits under an assortment of roofs and a hidden, complicated roofstructure. Most of the posts virtually disappear at wall intersections. The occasional free-standing posts in the sukiya-zukuri house underscore a structural minimalism-a dematerialization of structure. THE PRIMARY FRAMEWORK OF MINKA AND THE DIMENSION OF TIME It is easy to recognize the jikugumi, the primary framework, used in the dwelling, but identification of the framework type is sometimes only possible when the structure is disassembled. -
Carpenters of Japanese Ancestry in Hawaii Hisao Goto Kazuko
Craft History and the Merging of Tool Traditions: Carpenters of Japanese Ancestry in Hawaii Hisao Goto Kazuko Sinoto Alexander Spoehr For centuries the Japanese have made extensive use of wood as the main raw material in the construction of houses and their furnishings, temples, shrines, and fishing boats. As a wood-worker, the carpenter is one of the most ancient of Japanese specialists. He developed a complex set of skills, a formidable body of technical knowledge, and a strong tradition of craftsmanship to be seen and appreciated in the historic wood structures of contemporary Japan.1 The first objective of this study of carpenters of Japanese ancestry in Hawaii is to throw light on how the ancient Japanese craft of carpentry was transplanted from Japan to a new social, cultural, and economic environment in Hawaii through the immigration of Japanese craftsmen and the subsequent training of their successors born in Hawaii. Despite its importance for the understanding of economic growth and develop- ment, the craft history of Hawaii has not received the attention it deserves. The second objective of the study is more anthropological in nature and is an attempt to analyze how two distinct manual tool traditions, Japanese and Western, met and merged in Hawaii to form a new composite tool tradition. This aspect of the study falls in a larger field dealing with the history of technology and of tool traditions in general. Carpentry today, both in Japan and in the United States, relies heavily on power rather than hand tools. Also, carpenters tend to be specialized, and construction is to a major degree a matter of assembling prefabricated parts. -
Representations of Pleasure and Worship in Sankei Mandara Talia J
Mapping Sacred Spaces: Representations of Pleasure and Worship in Sankei mandara Talia J. Andrei Submitted in partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Columbia University 2016 © 2016 Talia J.Andrei All rights reserved Abstract Mapping Sacred Spaces: Representations of Pleasure and Worship in Sankei Mandara Talia J. Andrei This dissertation examines the historical and artistic circumstances behind the emergence in late medieval Japan of a short-lived genre of painting referred to as sankei mandara (pilgrimage mandalas). The paintings are large-scale topographical depictions of sacred sites and served as promotional material for temples and shrines in need of financial support to encourage pilgrimage, offering travelers worldly and spiritual benefits while inspiring them to donate liberally. Itinerant monks and nuns used the mandara in recitation performances (etoki) to lead audiences on virtual pilgrimages, decoding the pictorial clues and touting the benefits of the site shown. Addressing themselves to the newly risen commoner class following the collapse of the aristocratic order, sankei mandara depict commoners in the role of patron and pilgrim, the first instance of them being portrayed this way, alongside warriors and aristocrats as they make their way to the sites, enjoying the local delights, and worship on the sacred grounds. Together with the novel subject material, a new artistic language was created— schematic, colorful and bold. We begin by locating sankei mandara’s artistic roots and influences and then proceed to investigate the individual mandara devoted to three sacred sites: Mt. Fuji, Kiyomizudera and Ise Shrine (a sacred mountain, temple and shrine, respectively). -
Spring 2016 RECENT PUBLICITY HIGHLIGHTS
Tuttle New Titles and Backlist Highlights Spring 2016 RECENT PUBLICITY HIGHLIGHTS North Korea Confidential…page 62 “‘North Korea Confidential’ gives us a deeply informed close-up.” —New York Times Japan Restored…page 62 “Labor economist Prestowitz (Rogue Nation) projects visions of Japan’s future in this well-handled study of sensitive politico-economic issues disguised as a love letter to the country.” —Publishers Weekly All About the Philippines…page 57 “The large format and attractive, cartoonlike illustrations provide an inviting look at a country not often included in many other resources for children.” —Kirkus The Cambodian Dancer…page 57 Once Upon A Time in Japan…page 57 “A general purchase for libraries needing picture books on Cambodian “Will likely delight young readers.” culture and history and those looking —Booklist to diversify their shelves.” —School Library Journal w w AWARD WINNERS! Evergreen Medal For The Chinese American Creative Child Magazine Creative Child Magazine World Peace Librarians Association (CALA) —2015 Creative Play —2015 Preferred Choice Award —Silver Best Book Award Recipients of the Year Award MY FIRST ORIGAMI KIT THE PEACE TREE FROM —Honorable Mention ORIGAMI TOY MONSTERS KIT page 27 HIROSHIMA MEI-MEI’S LUCKY BIRTHDAY page 27 page 57 NOODLES page 56 FRONT COVER: Image from Floating World Japanese Prints Coloring Book,PAGEs"!#+#/6%2)MAGEFROMEco Living Japan, page 37 Don’t Miss . Contents New Titles and Backlist Highlights Floating World Japanese Prints Coloring Book…3 Art, Antiques & Collectibles. 2 Religion & Health . 10 Culture, Graphic Novels & Humor . 12 Crafts & Origami . 14 Cooking . 28 Japanese Tattoos…5 Travel . 32 Architecture, Gardening & Interior Design . -
LATERAL RESISTANCE of TRADITIONAL JAPANESE POST-AND-BEAM FRAMES UNDER MONOTONIC and CYCLIC LOADING CONDITIONS by MARIA STEFANESC
LATERAL RESISTANCE OF TRADITIONAL JAPANESE POST-AND-BEAM FRAMES UNDER MONOTONIC AND CYCLIC LOADING CONDITIONS by MARIA STEFANESCU B. Eng." Transilvania " University, Brasov, Romania, 1992 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF APPLIED SCIENCE in FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES Department of Wood Science We accept this thesis as conforming to the required standards THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA March, 2000 ® Maria Stefanescu, 2000 UBC Special Collections - Thesis Authorisation Form http://www.library.ubc.ca/spcoll/thesauth.html In presenting this thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements for ah advanced degree at the University of British Columbia, I agree that the Library shall make it freely available for reference and study. I further agree that permission for extensive copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by the head of my department or by his or her representatives. It is understood that copying or publication of this thesis for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. Department of The University of British Columbia Vancouver, Canada Date 1 of 1 3/27/00 8:59 AM ABSTRACT Full-scale tests were conducted on three types of traditional Japanese post-and-beam wall frames (2-Brace, 4-Brace and OSB sheathed frames) to determine the lateral loading resistance under monotonic and cyclic loading procedures. Twelve tests were conducted on 2.62 x 2.70 m frames, constructed with British Columbia Hem-fir timber and oriented strand board panels as sheathing (JIS - Japanese grade) provided by Ainsworth Lumber Ltd. Five specimens were tested monotonically using a loading rate of 0.13 mm/sec and seven specimens were tested cyclically using various loading protocols (UBC, UBC - modified and MOC). -
Andy Hyde Charpentiers Sans Frontières
N U M B E R 5 4 WINTER 2013 Andy Hyde Charpentiers Sans Frontières at The Château de Gaillon Dimitri Malko Restoration Work in Japan Joe Thompson The Chappell Framing Square Rebecca Yahr and Christopher Ellis Lichens in the Attic Elizabeth Cunningham Handheld Conspiracy Remembering Ed Levin At Play Frame 2013. Cressing Temple, Essex Photos by Fleur Hall Picture call… Show us what you do and how you do it [email protected] 2 THE MORTICE AND TENON 54 WINTER 2013 The Carpenters‘ Fellowship Promoting the study and practice of timber frame carpentry I s s u e 5 4 C O N T E N T S Autumn 2014 Carpenters’ Fellowship 2 At Play Photos by Fleur Hall Membership fees include subscription to the M&T. Find out more at 4 In Site David Leviatin www.carpentersfellowship.co.uk 6 Andy Hyde Charpentiers Sans Frontières Subscriptions CF Membership is available at The Château de Gaillon throughout the world. Please contact the Editor 12 Dimitri Malko for more details. Restoration Work in Japan Back numbers Please contact the Editor. 20 Joe Thompson The Chappell Framing Square Contributions The M&T welcomes contributions. If you have anything that you would like 23 Rebecca Yahr and Christopher Ellis to share with our readers Lichens in the Attic please contact the Editor. Copy deadlines 26 Elizabeth Cunningham Spring issue January 14 Handheld Conspiracy Summer issue April 14 Autumn issue July 14 Winter issue October 14 30 Remembering Ed Levin C o p y r i g h t Copyright of the Mortice and Tenon is held by The Carpenters’ Fellowship. -
Japanese Teahouse Daylighting Beata Zygarlowska
Climatic determinism in daylighting strategies of the traditional Japanese room. Studies based on investigation of the Shokintei teahouse at the Katsura Rikyū in Kyoto. Beata T. Zygarlowska Previously known as Wroblewska Churchill College University of Cambridge Department of Architecture January 2004 “… the beauty of a Japanese room depends on a variation of shadows, heavy shadows against light shadows – it has nothing else.” Junichirō Tanizaki, ”In Praise of Shadows” ii Acknowledgement I wish to thank my supervisor Mary Ann Steane for her support, critical analysis of this paper and enthusiasm throughout the study process. iii List of Contents List of Illustrations Chapter 1 Introduction 1 Chapter 2 Shokintei teahouse of Katsura Rikyu 2 Chapter 3 Cultural influences and adaptation of Chinese philosophy 4 3.1 Tea ceremony and teahouse architecture 5 Chapter 4 Climate as an influential force 6 4.1. Precipitation, heat and humidity 7 Chapter 5 Daylight strategies of the Shokintei teahouse 9 5.1 Orientation and layout 10 5.2 Construction 12 5.3 Openings and Interior Materials 13 5.4 External strategies 18 Chapter 6 Conclusion 21 Bibliography 22 Appendix iv List of Illustrations Front page 0.1.1 Windows of the Hasse- no-ma (Eight-Window Room) facing north-east, open windows and the entrance doors in the lower left hand corner. Okawa, Naomi.; Edo architecture: Katsura and Nikko: the Heibonsha survey of japanese art. (vol 20).Publisher:New York, 1975. 0.1.2 Shokintei, view from the north-east. Ishimoto, Yasuhiro and Tange Kenzo; Katsura; tradition and creation in Japanese architecture. Photographs by Yasuhiro Ishimoto. -
The Japanese House
THE JAPANESE HOUSE Or, why the Western architect has difficulties to understand it. Harmonious space and the Archetype of polar space The traditional Japanese dwelling and the Western concept of 'general human needs' - a comparative view in the framework of cultural anthropology By Nold Egenter Introduction Any western architect who intends to design a house or an apartment basically will start from assumption of 'the primary human needs' of the future inhabitants. Essentially three components define our western concept of primary needs. First there are physical parameters, the measurements of the human body. Neufert has presented these aspects in great detail. Further there are physiological conditions, e.g. the need for protection of various kinds: sufficient light and air, hygiene etc. Finally, a standardised behaviour is assumed, requiring sufficient space for moving, working, eating, ablutions, leisure etc. In this context space is considered as a three dimensional, basically homogeneous and neutral condition. Depending on the given conditions, the program of walls and openings, installations and surfaces for movement, fittings and functional places designed by the architect, will be set relatively freely into this homogeneously conceived space. Several years ago a study of the European Community concluded that the Japanese live in "rabbit cages". The study was based essentially on statistical research which showed that the average dwelling space for a family in urban agglomerations hardly amounts to 40 square meters. Great astonishment! -
Ritual House : Drawing on Nature's Rhythms for Architecture and Urban
The cage defines an in-between space that bounds the house on all sides. The attached screens are each separately adjustable, all closed or opened in any combination. The screens can thus act alternately as roof, awning, or wall. And as with the Indian porch, the tempo of life in the boundary is set by the recurring changes of climate. The Japanese House The minka, or traditional house of feudal Japan, is perhaps the most complete example of adaptive transformation. While Paul Rudolph’s Florida guesthouse adjusts mainly at the boundaries to weather and climate, the minka adjusts as well from the inside. Teiji Itoh, historian of architecture and city planning, points out that the construction of the minka falls into two main design sys- tems: one fixed and the other movable.10 Fixed elements of the minka include a supporting wooden frame and nonsupporting stonewalls. The frame is a post-and- beam system, jikugumi, supporting a roof pitched to shed rain. The space below is free to accommodate whatever use the occasion may demand of it. Other permanent elements, such as stone walls designed as wind breaks, and plastered walls and panels, play no part in supporting the roof. Itoh explains: “Because of the fre- quency of strong earthquakes and the need for circulation of air during the hot, humid summers, load-bearing walls were of little use.” 11 Movable elements of construction that bear no load comprise the zosaku, the “fixtures”—the sills, head jambs, rails, walls, windows, sliding partitions, tokonoma (decorative alcove), and shelves—all of which define changing spaces within the structural framework. -
Japanese Wood
JAPANESE WOOD The tools, techniques and philosophies that make Japan’s unique woodworking culture so special, and CRAFTSMANSHIP the lessons that can be learnt by makers in the UK HUGH MILLER 1 “Masonry and steel are ‘building’ materials. Wood is a ‘thinking and building’ material” Fukushima Katsu, 2015 Timber elevation in the Gion district of Kyoto 2 3 Tools and Techniques of Japanese Woodwork: 30 Control of the Pull-Stroke Use of Water Contents: Use of Fire Slice over Scratch Philosophies of Making: 56 An Absence of Noise Executive Summary: 6 Maintenance over Robustness Abstract A Search for Lightness Key Themes & Findings Experimentation and Innovation Summary of Recommendations A Contribution to Harmony About the Author 11 A Japanese Contemporary Vernacular Aesthetic: 96 A Maker’s Guide Acknowledgements 12 Japanese Contemporary Vernacular Aesthetic in Architecture Introduction 15 Conclusion 108 The Anatomy of this Study: 16 Recommendations 112 Structure Scope and Duration Bibliography and Further Reading 120 Methods Map 122 Craftsmanship and Society in Japan: 18 Craftsmanship in Everyday Life Tending the Flame of Tradition The Veneration of the Practitioner over the Object Age and Gender in the Order of Precedence Planes and chisels stored in Sugawara The Pressure-Cooker Effect Hiroyuki workshop, Saitama 4 5 Abstract: Executive Summary: In November and December 2015 I travelled to Japan on a Winston Churchill Memorial Fellowship in order to uncover what it is that makes wood craftsmanship in Japan so special. From their unique set of tools, to the many obscure techniques that have been developed, to the philosophies that guide decision making, there is something different about Japanese woodworking. -
An Argument for Modern Craftsmanship: a Philosophy of Design, Materials, and Process in a Post-Industrial Environment
An Argument for Modern Craftsmanship: A Philosophy of Design, Materials, and Process in a Post-Industrial Environment A thesis submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Cincinnati in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Design in the School of Design of the Collage of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning (DAAP) by Nicholas M. Germann B.S. Architecture University of Cincinnati June 2006 Master of Architecture, University of Cincinnati June 2009 Committee Chair: Gerald Michaud, MA Committee Member: Anton Harfmann, MArch Committee Member (informal): Scott Lincoln Abstract I see myself as a Digital/CNC Craftsman. What does that mean? It means that I utilize new and emerging tools to produce quality objects. The criterion for what constitutes “quality” emerges from my contemporary redefinition of what “Craftsmanship” means and its use applications. For too long, the idea of craftsmanship has been relegated to the unsubstantiated realm of “hand work” and “non-machine made” with no consideration for the processes involved. However, it is exactly the process’ involved, and how well they are holistically integrated into the built object that this new redefinition of Craftsmanship argues for. Image 1 “Als Ik Kan” = To the best of my Ability i Table of Contents A. Abstract i B. Table of Contents ii C. Image Citation iii D. Thesis Essay -Introduction: Design, Making, and Craftsmanship 1 -From the Begining... 1 -Man as Homo Faber 3 -The Many Faces Of Craftsmanship 5 -Theoria, Poiesis, And Praxis 8 -Redefinition Of Craftsmanship 11 -Craftsmanship And The Industraial Revolution 14 -The Utilization Of Cnc As A Method Of Fabrication 17 -Digital Fabrication As A Tool For A Craftsmanship Ideal 20 E.