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3818-13226-1-PB.Pdf (7.292Mb) GuineanA 14 Micoflora (Basidiomycota) de los eucaliptales del NO de la Península Ibérica Marcos Lago Álvarez Leioa, octubre 2008 Resumen RESUMEN Lago, M. 2008. Micoflora (Basidiomycota) de los eucaliptales del NO de la Península Ibérica. Guineana 14: 1-502. Apdo. 4063. E-362007-Vigo. e-mail: [email protected]. Laboratorio de Micoloxía. Facultade de Bioloxía. Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende. Universidade de Vigo. Se realiza un estudio sobre la diversidad micológica en las formaciones de Eucalyptus, centrado en los macrobasidiomicetos y en el NO de la Península Ibérica. El planteamiento del mismo obedece a la escasez de estudios centrados en estos sistemas forestales tan extendidos en el Norte y Occidente Peninsular. El principal objetivo ha sido la elaboración de un catálogo micológico de los macrobasidiomicetos en las formaciones de Eucalyptus del NO de la Península Ibérica, analizar la ecología de las distintas especies obtenidas y evaluar las contribuciones corológicas del estudio. Asimismo se procede a la revisión bibliográfica y actualización nomenclatural de las citaciones de macrobasidiomicetos en relación con Eucalyptus para la Península Ibérica. Se ha seguido la metodología habitual en los estudios micoflorísticos: Se procedió a la recolección del material de estudio en las distintas plantaciones seleccionadas (desde 1992 hasta 2001) o su localización en herbarios registrados (LOU-Fungi, MA-Fungi, BIO, LISU), proceso que implicó un total de 200 localidades, pertenecientes a Asturias, Lugo, A Coruña, Ourense y Pontevedra, en España, y Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Minho, Douro Litoral y Beira Alta, en Portugal. El estudio macro y microscópico se realizó antes y después del proceso de conservación, para su identificación. El material estudiado (2.943 exsiccata) se registró y depositó en la micoteca del CIFAE de Lourizán (LOU-Fungi). Para la revisión de las citaciones de la micoflora de Eucalyptus se procedió a la revisión de las referencias bibliográficas de la micoflora de Eucalyptus en la Península Ibérica, centrada en la bibliografía disponible en el Laboratorio de Micoloxía de la Universidade de Vigo y los fondos bibliográficos de el Real Jardín Botánico de Madrid y del Museu Laboratório de Lisboa. La información obtenida a partir de la identificación, discusión y estudio corológico del material estudiado se ha organizado en un catálogo de especies por orden alfabético de géneros y especies, donde se indican además las colecciones estudiadas, un apartado de observaciones, ecología y corología. Tras el catálogo se estudian los aspectos ecológicos más relevantes, 3 Marcos Lago Álvarez basándose en la consulta bibliográfica y en las aportaciones del material estudiado, que se organizan según el tipo de relación con el sustrato. Por último se actualiza el catálogo de referencias para la Península Ibérica, a partir de la unión del obtenido de nuestro estudio con el procedente de la bibliografía. Las principales conclusiones que extraemos a partir del estudio realizado son las siguientes: 1. El conocimiento de la diversidad de macrobasidiomicetos relacionados con formaciones de Eucalyptus en el Noroeste Peninsular se eleva a 439 táxones (124 para Asturias, 154 para Lugo, 157 para A Coruña, 139 para Ourense, 286 para Pontevedra, 91 para Minho, 13 para Douro Litoral, 17 para Beira Alta y 9 para Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro). Nuestra contribución supone ampliar el catálogo peninsular para Eucalyptus a 721 taxones, que se detallan con sus referencias bibliográficas. 2. En su mayoría estos táxones se corresponden con especies saprotróficas, concretamente humícolas (22,1 %) y lignícolas (49,4 %) de carácter poco específico en cuanto al sustrato sobre el que crecen, siendo en su mayoría de amplia distribución ibérica. Destacan lignícolas que si bien no son específicas de Eucalyptus, si muestran una enorme afinidad por su madera y cortezas como son Cylindrobasidium torrendii, Psilocybe hepatochrous y Pleuroflammula ragazziana. 3. En las especies biotróficas, concretamente micorrícicas (20,5 %), se concentran los elementos más singulares en las formaciones de Eucalyptus, donde dominan especies pioneras y exóticas asociadas a Eucalyptus, como son Descolea maculata, D. tenuipes, Descomyces albus, D. albelus, Chondrogaster pachysporus, C. angustisporus, Laccaria lateritia, Hydnangium carneum, Hysterangium fuscum y Tricholoma eucalypticum Destaca la ausencia de las especies propias de formaciones estables, como evidencia la ausencia del género Russula y la escasez de Lactarius. Se observan también fenómenos de adaptación de elementos florísticos autócotonos, como es el caso de representantes del género Amanita, Cantharellus y algunos boletales. 4 Abstract ABSTRACT Lago, M. 2008. Mycoflora (Basidiomycota) of the NW Iberian eucalypt plantations. Guineana 14: 1-502. Apdo. 4063. E-362007-Vigo. e-mail: [email protected]. Laboratorio de Micoloxía. Facultade de Bioloxía. Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende. Universidade de Vigo. This survey deals with the mycological diversity in the NW Iberian Eucalyptus plantations, focused on macrobasidiomycetes. This comprehensive study is particularly interesting in view of the little attention that Eucalyptus plantations were drawn in spite of being very common in the Iberian Peninsula. The main objective was compiling a mycological catalogue of macrobasidiomycetes in the NW Iberian plantations of Eucalyptus, analyzing the ecology of the different species and evaluating the chorological contributions. A bibliographical review and nomenclatural update of the mycological references with Eucalyptus in the Iberian Peninsula was carried out. The methodology was the most usual in mycological studies: sampling in selected plantations (from 1992 up to 2001) or compiling collections kept at international herbaria (LOU-Fungi, MA-Fungi, BIO, LISU). The final area implied a total of 200 towns from Asturias, Lugo, A Coruña, Ourense and Pontevedra, in Spain, and Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Minho, Douro Litoral and Beira Alta, in Portugal. Macroscopic and microscopic identification was done before and after the conservation process. The studied samples (2,943 exsiccata) were included and deposited in the mycoteca of the CIFAE of Lourizán (LOU-Fungi). A compilation of Iberian fungal references from Eucalyptus plantations was undertaken on the basis of available bibliography in the Laboratory of Micoloxía of the University of Vigo, the Royal Botanical Garden of Madrid and of the Museu Laboratório of Lisbon. The information was organized in a catalogue of species (in alphabetical order of genera and species), where the studied collections, observations, ecology and chorology are also furnished. After the catalogue the most remarkable ecological aspects are discussed, based on the references and the contributions of the studied material. Species are arranged depending on their the relationship with Eucalyptus. Finally, an updated mycological catalogue of references from Eucalyptus plantations is provided. 5 Marcos Lago Álvarez The main conclusions drawn from this survey are summarized below: 1. The knowledge of macrobasidiomycetes diversity in relation with Eucalyptus plantations in the NW Iberian Peninsula rises to 439 taxa (124 for Asturias, 154 for Lugo, 157 for Coruña, 139 for Ourense, 286 for Pontevedra, 91 for Minho, 13 for Douro Litoral, 17 for Beira Alta and 9 for Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro). The present study increases the peninsular catalogue for Eucalyptus up to 721 taxa, that are listed with its bibliographical references. 2. Most of the taxa have saprotrophic activity, specifically humicolous and lignicolous, but without specific affinity for the substrate on which they grow and having a wide Iberian distribution. Only a few lignicolous species are especially remarkable because of their great affinity for eucalypt barks such as Cylindrobasidium torrendii, Psilocybe hepatochrous and Pleuroflammula ragazziana. 3. Among the biotrophic species, some mycorrhizal species represent the most singular elements of the Eucalyptus Plantations. Most of them are pioneer and exotic species associated with Eucalyptus. The absence of these species is remarkable in mature stands, such as species of Russula and Lactarius. Adaptation of autochthonous fungi was also observed in species of Amanita, Cantharellus and some Boletales. 6 Índice ÍNDICE 1. INTRODUCCIÓN........................................................................ 9 1.1. El eucalipto.................................................................. 9 1.2. El eucalipto en la Península Ibérica............................ 10 1.3. La micoflora de las plantaciones de Eucalyptus......... 11 1.4. Justificación................................................................. 12 1.5. Objetivos...................................................................... 12 2. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS.......................................................... 13 2.1. Recolección, tratamiento y conservación.................... 13 2.2. Estudio e identificación............................................... 14 2.3. Análisis de datos y elaboración de resultados............. 16 3. DESCRIPCIÓN DEL ÁREA DE ESTUDIO............................... 17 4. CATÁLOGO DE ESPECIES....................................................... 29 4.1. Sinopsis taxonómica................................................... 29 4.2. Estructura del catálogo................................................ 31 4.3. Catálogo...................................................................... 32 5. ASPECTOS
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