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Some Remarks on Urartian Horse Harnesses
Some Remarks on Urartian Horse Harnesses Manuel Castelluccia and Roberto Dan 1. Introduction1 There is no doubt that metalwork production is the most distinguished aspect of Urartian art. This circumstance was certainly favoured by the presence in Urartian territory of rich deposits of metal ores (generally lacking in Mesopotamia), as well as important trade routes running from the Iranian plateau and the Cauca- sus. Ambition regarding the direct ownership and exploitation of these mineral deposits was certainly one of the main reasons for the conflict between Assyria and Urartu. The purpose of this study is to analyse the series of metal objects which can be considered components of horse harnesses. Items belonging to war-chariots are not included, since they will be the subject of a further specific study. This article —after a series of detailed studies— is devoted to a general review of Urartian metalwork production.2 The kingdom of Urartu expanded greatly in a rather brief period, between the 9th and 7th centuries BC. Notwithstanding this limited chronological span, the amount of metal artifacts ascribed to the Urartian culture is far larger than any other cultural sphere of the Ancient Near East, except probably the well-known and much discussed corpus of the “Luristan Bronzes”. Numerous studies have been devoted over the years to metalwork production and its artistic features; today this constitutes the most developed field of Urartian studies.3 Despite the richness of this specific literature, several problems still limit our understanding of Urartian metalwork production. These problems mainly depend on the lack of a sufficient number of well doc- umented excavation reports regarding Urartian sites. -
Equine Canada/Nccp English Competition Coach Specialist
Competition Coach Specialists are capable of teaching the competitive equestrian in the candidate’s area of specialization. Competition Coach Specialists will work with intermediate and/or more advanced riders to further develop basic riding, horsemanship and safety skills. They are working to advance students from Provincial/Territorial to National level competitions. The Competition Coach Specialist should also be able to evaluate a horse and its suitability for a student, supervise stable operations and routines, and have experience training and preparing horses for competition. LTED-Learn to Compete, Train the Competitor and the Learning and Training to Win stages. Candidates will specialize in one discipline; however, they are expected to be conversant in all English or Western disciplines. Candidates must have had competitive experience. The following NCCP Competition Coach Specialist certifications are offered by Equestrian Canada (EC): Dressage Specialist Eventing Specialist General Performance Specialist Jumping Specialist Reining Specialist Speed Events Specialist Contact your Provincial or Territorial Sport Organization (PTSO) to get started! https://equestrian.ca/about/governance/provincial-territorial-partners Hold an EC Gold Sport License in good standing. Hold a PTSO Membership in good standing. Complete the Coaching Association of Canada’s Make Ethical Decisions Online Evaluation – Competition – Introduction. Complete the Coaching Association of Canada’s Making Head Way in Sport module. Complete a First Aid course, such as St. John Ambulance, Red Cross or an equivalent course approved by Equestrian Canada (minimum 8 hours). Submit signed copies of the EC Code of Ethics and Coaching Code of Conduct. Provide proof of an acceptable Criminal Record check current within 5 years, as required by EC standards. -
Analysis and Characterization of the Normal Gait Phases of Walking
Pesq. Vet. Bras. 38(3):536-543, março 2018 DOI: 10.1590/1678-5150-PVB-4496 Vet 2506 pvb-4496 LD Analysis and characterization of the normal gait phases of walking Warmblood horses as a tool for the diagnosis of lameness1 2 2 2 3 Lázaro Morales-Acosta *, Armando Ortiz-Prado , Víctor H. Jacobo-Armendáriz ABSTRACT.- and Raide A. González-Carbonell Analysis and characterization of the normal gait phases of walking Warmblood horses as a tool Morales-Acosta for the diagnosis L., Ortiz-Prado of lameness. A., Jacobo-Armendáriz Pesquisa Veterinária V.H. Brasileira & González-Carbonell 38(3):536-543. R.A. 2018. Unidad de Investigación y Asistencia Técnica en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Distrito Federal, 04510, México. E-mail: [email protected] Horses with lameness modify gait behavior, but when it is subtle, it may not be possible to identify it clinically. The objective of this research is to characterize the normal gait phases of walking Warmblood horses by combining photogrammetry and accelerometry to monitor lameness to indicate a structural or functional disorder in the extremities. The study was conducted in 23 adult male Warmblood horses. Photogrammetry was used to identify the kinematic variables of the limbs and the markers path over time; triaxial accelerometers were used to capture the orthogonal acceleration components. It was determined that only 10 horses showed a normal gait pattern, there was a 43% correspondence between the expert´s judgment and the diagnostic techniques. According to the Stashak classification of the gait phases, cycle phases to forelimb were 34/4/8/13/41, while for hind limb were 54/11/8/8/19 (% of the stride). -
Double and Triple Fully Airborne Phases in the Gaits of Racing Speed Thoroughbreds Jeffrey A
Double and Triple Fully Airborne Phases in the Gaits of Racing Speed Thoroughbreds Jeffrey A. Seder, AB, JD, MBA, and Charles E. Vickery, III, BS INTRODUCTION tary gallop, often seen in a horse coming out of the starting Current literature suggests that during the gallop, there gate. The rotary gallop is generally seen in the counter- is normally one airborne phase during a single stride,1,2 be- clock wise direction of LR, RR, RF, LF, and, unlike the ginning when the lead foreleg leaves the ground and ending switching of leads, the rotary gallop is often repeated for when the non-lead rear leg bears weight. During a normal more than one stride. transverse gallop stride pattern, the following step sequence This study documents the frequency of occurrence of occurs. Sequence numbers with corresponding occurrences additional airborne phases within a single stride between include: the lead rear leg and non-lead foreleg and between the 1. Left rear leg (LR) bears weight. This leg would be forelegs (these air phases respectively referred to as “dou- considered the non-lead rear leg of a horse on its ble-air-P2” and “double-air-P3”). right lead. We refer to horses that used more than one airborne 2. A few hundredths of a second before the left rear leg phase within a single stride as “double-air” horses. We refer stops bearing weight, the right rear leg (RR) bears to horses that used 3 airborne phases within a single stride weight. In this instance, the right rear leg is called the as “triple-air” horses. -
Ns National Show Horse Division
CHAPTER NS NATIONAL SHOW HORSE DIVISION SUBCHAPTER NS-1 GENERAL QUALIFICATIONS NS101 Eligibility NS102 Shoeing Regulations NS103 Boots NS104 Breed Standard NS105 General NS106 Division of Classes NS107 Conduct NS108 Judging Criteria NS109 Qualifying Classes and Specifications NS110 Division of Classes SUBCHAPTER NS-2 DESCRIPTION OF GAITS NS111 General NS112 Walk NS113 Trot NS114 Canter NS115 Slow Gait NS116 Rack NS117 Hand Gallop SUBCHAPTER NS-3 HALTER CLASSES NS118 General NS119 Get of Sire and Produce of Dam SUBCHAPTER NS-4 PLEASURE SECTION NS120 English Pleasure, Country Pleasure and Classic Country Pleasure Amateur Owner to Show Appointments NS121 Pleasure Driving and Country Pleasure Driving Appointments NS122 English Pleasure Description NS123 English Pleasure Gait Requirements NS124 English Pleasure Classes and Specifications NS125 Country Pleasure Description NS126 Country Pleasure Gait Requirements NS127 Country Pleasure Judging Requirements NS128 Country Pleasure Classes and Specifications NS129 Pleasure Driving Gait Requirements NS130 Pleasure Driving Judging Requirements NS131 Pleasure Driving Class Specifications NS132 Classic Country Pleasure Amateur Owner To Show © USEF 2021 NS - 1 NS133 Classic Country Pleasure Amateur Owner to Show Gait Requirements NS134 Classic Country Pleasure Amateur Owner to Show Judging Requirements SUBCHAPTER NS-5 FINE HARNESS SECTION NS135 General NS136 Appointments NS137 Gait Requirements NS138 Line Up NS139 Ring Attendants NS140 Class Specifications SUBCHAPTER NS-6 FIVE GAITED SECTION NS141 Appointments -
Alberta Equestrian Federation 2018 Wild Rose Rule Book Hunter/Jumper
Alberta Equestrian Federation 2018 Wild Rose Rule Book Hunter/Jumper 1 6. No hoodies, sweatshirts, t-shirts, tank tops or other similar dress will be permitted. Common Rules 7. Spurs of the unrowelled type are optional. Whips are optional and may not exceed 75cm (30") in length. Whips may not be weighted. The following rules are common to hunter, jumper, equitation, and schooling and must be used anywhere at the event location including the 2.2 HEADGEAR competition arena. 1. Proper protective headgear (helmet) with safety harness permanently affixed to the helmet is compulsory for everyone riding anywhere on the 2 CLASSES competition grounds. 1. Horses/ponies may be of any breed or height and may enter any class, except when the class specifies differently. 2. Protective headgear must be certified under one of the following standards: ASTM (American Society for Testing Materials), or SEI (Safety 2. Wild Rose Hunter/Jumper shows may offer Open divisions, meaning the Equipment Institute, Inc.); BSI/BS EN (British Standards Institution); EN rider may be of any age and ability, or they may be split according to age (European Union Standards; AS/NZS (Australian/New Zealand Standards; categories, with Adult and Junior (that also may be divided into A, B & C). or CE VG1 01.040 2014-12 See Article 1.3 for Age Categories. 3. Helmets will be of a conservative color (preferably black). 3. A horse/rider combination is permitted unlimited upward height movement, but downward movement is restricted to only one level. These 2.3 FALLS movements are based on the level of the first class in which they competed. -
Real-Time Horse Gait Synthesis
Real-time Horse Gait Synthesis Ting-Chieh Huang Yi-Jheng Huang Wen-Chieh Lin Department of Computer Science National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan ftchuang,ichuang,[email protected] Abstract digital special effects. In computer animation, Horse locomotion exhibits rich variations in animals are a very common character. To gen- gaits and styles. Although there have been many erate more realistic animal animation, the data- approaches proposed for animating quadrupeds, driven approach, which relies on real motion there is not much research on synthesizing horse data as synthesis or editing resources, seems to locomotion. In this paper, we present a horse be a good candidate. Nevertheless, it is not con- locomotion synthesis approach. A user can venient and sometimes even difficult to capture arbitrarily change a horse’s moving speed and quadruped motion although we are now able to direction and our system would automatically collect a great amount and variety of human mo- adjust the horse’s motion to fulfill the user’s tions using commercial motion capture devices. commands. At preprocessing, we manually In this paper, we propose a synthesis approach capture horse locomotion data from Eadweard to animate quadruped motion based on a small Muybridge’s famous photographs of animal motion database. In particular, we focus on gen- locomotion, and expand the captured motion erating horse locomotion as it is basic and es- database to various speeds for each gait. At sential motion while exhibiting large variations. runtime, our approach automatically changes Moreover, this is also a challenging problem as a gaits based on speed, synthesizes the horse’s horse has six different gaits and changes its gaits root trajectory, and adjusts its body orientation at different speeds. -
Read Book Through England on a Side-Saddle Ebook, Epub
THROUGH ENGLAND ON A SIDE-SADDLE PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Celia Fiennes | 96 pages | 02 Apr 2009 | Penguin Books Ltd | 9780141191072 | English | London, United Kingdom Sidesaddle - Wikipedia Ninth century depictions show a small footrest, or planchette added to the pillion. In Europe , the sidesaddle developed in part because of cultural norms which considered it unbecoming for a woman to straddle a horse while riding. This was initially conceived as a way to protect the hymen of aristocratic girls, and thus the appearance of their being virgins. However, women did ride horses and needed to be able to control their own horses, so there was a need for a saddle designed to allow control of the horse and modesty for the rider. The earliest functional "sidesaddle" was credited to Anne of Bohemia — The design made it difficult for a woman to both stay on and use the reins to control the horse, so the animal was usually led by another rider, sitting astride. The insecure design of the early sidesaddle also contributed to the popularity of the Palfrey , a smaller horse with smooth ambling gaits, as a suitable mount for women. A more practical design, developed in the 16th century, has been attributed to Catherine de' Medici. In her design, the rider sat facing forward, hooking her right leg around the pommel of the saddle with a horn added to the near side of the saddle to secure the rider's right knee. The footrest was replaced with a "slipper stirrup ", a leather-covered stirrup iron into which the rider's left foot was placed. -
The Ambling Influence.Pdf
THE AMBLING INFLUENCE end up in the ASB PART 1 The American Saddlebred Horse is famous for his Cave drawings from the Steppes of Asia (http://www.spanishjennet.org/history.shtml). gaits, but where do these gaits come from? Gaited horses have been around for many years, but how did they end up in the American Saddlebred? This series of articles will take you from the dawn of the gaited horse through to the modern day Saddlebred, look at the genetics behind the ambling gait and give you some pointers as to the physique of the gaited horse. What is a gaited horse anyway? Every pace of the horse, be it walk, trot or canter, is called a “gait”. For the gaited enthusiast, any horse can do these gaits, what they are interested in is the smooth non-jarring English palfrey, cc 1795 – 1865. lateral gait (the legs on one side moving together). (http://www.1st-art-gallery.com/John- This “gait” comes in many guises and names Frederick-Herring-Snr/My-Ladye's-Palfrey.html). depending on the collection, speed and length of stride of the horse, as well as the individual breed of the horse. It is the specific pattern of footfall and the cadence that defines the gait in each of the gaited breeds. A quiet horse may well have a better gait than his flashy fast-moving counterpart, so look beyond the hype and see exactly what those feet and hindquarters are doing. This smooth-moving gait has been depicted in cave walls and fossilised in footprints dating to over 3½ million years ago – so just how did it get from there Lady Conaway's Spanish Jennet to the American Saddlebred? We know that horses (http://www.spanishjennet.org/registry.shtml) are not native to America, so to answer that question we must travel back in time and place to Europe and Asia. -
Draft Horse Handbook
EB1135E Draft Horse Handbook WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION CONTENTS Breeds of Draft Horses ................................................................................................. 1 Belgian ...................................................................................................................... 1 Percheron .................................................................................................................. 1 Clydesdale ................................................................................................................. 2 Shire .......................................................................................................................... 3 Suffolk ....................................................................................................................... 3 Mule .......................................................................................................................... 4 Draft Horse Judging ..................................................................................................... 4 Showing Draft Horses at Halter .................................................................................. 7 The Handler ............................................................................................................... 7 The Horse .................................................................................................................. 7 In the Ring ................................................................................................................ -
Cavalry Equipment of the Roman Army in the First Century A.D
Originally published in Coulston, J.C. (ed.) 1988: Military Equipment and the Identity of Roman Soldiers. Proceedings of the Fourth Roman Military Equipment Conference, BAR International Series 394, Oxford CAVALRY EQUIPMENT OF THE ROMAN ARMY IN THE FIRST CENTURY A.D. M.C. Bishop INTRODUCTION The main aim of this paper is to identify and describe the elements that went together to make up Roman military horse (or riding) harness in the first century A.D.1 Closely linked with this, however, will be a consideration of just how much the archaeological evidence can tell us about the military use of mounts.2 It is to be hoped that the present work will at least serve to generate new interest in cavalry equipment and provoke discussion about the functions of its various components. There are two main source areas for the study of Roman military horse equipment: monuments depicting its use and artefacts recovered from the archaeological record. Pictorial evidence, most notably that represented by sculpture, can be used to show how the various elements of horse harness functioned as a whole. The value of such depictions is hotly debated, but it is generally true that funerary monuments tend to give a more accurate picture than official sculpture, although both categories vary widely in quality.3 Two types of tombstone, the 'Reiter' and the 'Totenmahl' are characteristic of the first century A.D. (although not exclusively so):4 these show, in the first instance, the deceased cavalryman riding his mount in combat, often with a cowering barbarian being trampled beneath the horse;5 the other type depicts the dead man enjoying a funerary banquet in the afterlife in an upper scene, whilst his horse is paraded in all its equipment in a lower.6 Totenmahl depictions usually show the horse being controlled from behind by means of long-reins and with its saddle covered by an overblanket, whilst the trooper's calo carries spare spears (javelins?). -
Eventinge-NEWS
EvEnting -news The Official News Of Canadian Eventing SummerFall 2010 2011 edition edition Stockimageservices e Dear Members of the Eventing Community, Dear MembersAlong of the with Eventing many Canadians Community, and a not have said it better when she said, “Thank you, Granny, for large part of the Canadian Eventing bringing me. This is so exciting and fun and great!” If felt strange What a great year. We are already a good way through the Canadian season and Committee, my family and I recently at- when people all around began congratulating me and then I real- everywhere I look, Eventing seems revitalized. Our landmark international three day event, tended the 2010 Alltech World Eques- ized that I, too, had been part of it all. I was very proud. the CCI Bromont/Todd Sandler Challenge was the best ever. The event celebrated its trian Games in Lexington, Kentucky. 25th anniversary with great competition, accompanied by a well-attended and extremely What an exciting event! The Silver Medal result of the World Equestrian Games demon- positive Canadian Eventing Officialsstrates Educationthat, under course. the leadership and guidance of International On cross country day, the Canadians Techncial Advisor David O’Connor and Chef d’Equipe Graeme laid down Thissix spring,picture-perfect our high roundsperformance Thom, riders our represented program is Canadaworking. on We both had sides the honourof the Atlantic of witness - with no jumpingincluding penalties Rolex Kentucky (including in the ingUnited the outcomeStates and of Badmintonall the sacrifices in Great and Britain. hard work In early endured July, by all three withinWaylon the time!) Roberts – the andonly Kathryncoun- Robinsonour riders, flew coaches, the Canadiangrooms, supportflag at staff,the CIC2*volunteers, Greenwich owners, try to do so.Invitational, The total whichcombined acted cross as the sponsors,test event suppliers for London and 2012.