DOCSLIB.ORG

Searles Mazzacano Pollinators V2 - September 20, 2016 Who Pollinates? Who Pollinates?

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Searles Mazzacano Pollinators V2 - September 20, 2016 Who Pollinates? Who Pollinates? Understanding and sustaining Insect Pollinators insect pollinators in your garden A. Importance of pollinators B. Cast of characters C. Creating habitat Mining bee; CASM Celeste A. Searles Mazzacano, Ph.D. D. Sustaining habitat Presented for EMSWCD E. Projects & resources Flower scarab; CASM © 2016 C. A. Searles Mazzacano yellow-faced bumble bee; C.A.S. Mazzacano 1 2 Why are pollinators important? Why are pollinators important? • pollination: transfer of pollen • 70% of flowering plants within or between flowers for pollinated by insects fertilization, seed & fruit set • ~1,000 plants grown • wind, insects, birds, mammals worldwide for food, fibers, drinks, spices, & medicine honey bee; C.A.S. Mazzacano pollinated by animals Bat Conservation International • most pollinated by bees Importance of bees to food production Bumble bee on echinacea; (Wilson & Carrill, 2016) Wikimedia Commons 3 4 Searles Mazzacano_Pollinators v2 - September 20, 2016 Who pollinates? Who pollinates? More than bees!!!!! sand wasp; C.A.S. Mazzacano More than insects!!!!! • Wasps • Bats • Flies Tayler/naturepl.com • Hummingbirds • Beetles • Moths & butterflies Bee fly; C.A.S. Mazzacano C.A.S. Mazzacano 5 6 Who pollinates? Who pollinates? summer leafcutter bee, Bumble bee; C.A.S. Mazzacano “Managed” bees are Crown Bees catalog Much more than economically important European honey bees!!!!! • honey bees, bumble bees, - native bees (> 4000 NA spp.) orchard mason bees, alfalfa leafcutter bees ‣ social: bumble bees ‣ solitary: mining, mason, leafcutter, orchard, sweat, digger, and carpenter bees Sweat bee; C.A.S. Mazzacano CA almond grove; Kathy Keatley Garvey 7 8 Searles Mazzacano_Pollinators v2 - September 20, 2016 Challenges for pollinators Challenges for pollinators Many stressors • Colony Collapse Disorder (2006) in managed honey • habitat loss bee hives • pesticides fouldbrood-infected larvae; Univ. of GA • many bumble bees are also declining dead bees; Rodale’s • diseases (viruses, fungi, bacteria) • much less known about status of other wild bees • parasites (varroa mite, tracheal mite) Varroa mite on bee pupa; Jason Graham, Univ. of FL Franklin’s Bumble Bee; Dana Campbell 9 10 Challenges for pollinators Bees • managed bees may spread & intensify disease in wild bees • wild bees pollinate many plants C.A.S. Mazzacano more efficiently C.A.S. Mazzacano C.A.S. Mazzacano than honey bees C.A.S. Mazzacano C.A.S. Mazzacano C.A.S. Mazzacano 11 12 Searles Mazzacano_Pollinators v2 - September 20, 2016 Bees Bees Types of flowers pollinated vary • short- vs. long-tongued bees • generalist vs. specialist foragers short-tongued Sphecodes cuckoo sweat bee; Tom Murray long-tongued Eastern Bumble Bee; sankax, Flickr 13 14 Bees Social vs. solitary bees Not all bees are pollinators • solitary: each female builds & provisions own nest • nest parasites (cuckoo bees) • social: shared nests, • “nectar robbers” castes with different roles Coelioxys cuckoo bee; Laura Clark, iNaturalist wild honey bee nest; vickbird nectar-robbing hole; C.A.S. Mazzacano mining bee; C.A.S. Mazzacano 15 16 Searles Mazzacano_Pollinators v2 - September 20, 2016 Social vs. solitary bees Social vs. solitary bees Social (honey bees, bumble bees, Social (honey bees, bumble bees, some sweat bees) some sweat bees) • several generations at one • members care for offspring C.A.S. Mazzacano time in colony or nest drone & workers; Max Westby, EoL that aren’t theirs • nest may be perennial (honey • division of labor bee) or annual (bumble bee) (reproduction, hive cleaning, brood care, foraging) Bumble bee nest; Panoramedia C.A.S. Mazzacano 17 18 Social vs. solitary bees Social vs. solitary bees Solitary bees (mining bees, Solitary bees (mining bees, mason bees, sweat bees, mason bees, sweat bees, plasterer bees) plasterer bees) • tunnel nesters use existing • one female provisions “cells” interior of Alfalfa leafcutter bee nest board; tunnels in wood or chew USDA ARS in nest where she lays eggs Miner bee on nest; C.A.S. Mazzacano tunnels in pithy twigs • aggregated, communal, • ground nesters dig tunnels semisocial in patches of bare soil Colletes nest aggregation; bumblebee.org Cellophane bee brood cell;NatureWorks 19 20 Searles Mazzacano_Pollinators v2 - September 20, 2016 Bees Bees • Carpenter, bumble, squash, long-hroned, and honey bees • Carpenter, bumble, long- (Apidae) horned, squash, and honey bees (Apidae) • Sweat bees (Halictidae) - medium to large • Mining bees (Andrenidae) Anthophora; C.A.S. Mazzacano Anthophoridae; C.A.S. Mazzacano - fuzzy/hairy • Mason, carder, leaf-cutter bees (Megachilidae) - may have hair bands/ stripes • Polyester & yellow-faced bees (Colletidae) - long-tongued • Oil-collecting bees (Melittidae) Honey bee; C.A.S. Mazzacano Honey bee; C.A.S. Mazzacano 21 22 Bees Bees • Carpenter, bumble, long- Bumble bees (Bombus) horned, and honey bees (Apidae) • medium to large; robust, hairy - carry pollen on hind legs • yellow, black, orange, white, Anthophoridae; C.A.S. Mazzacano or brown hair bands C.A.S. Mazzacano - many specialists • carry pollen & nectar mix in stiff - most are ground-nesting hairs (scopa) in concave basket - majority of parasitic bees on hind legs (corbiculum) in N. America Tri-colored Bumble Bee; Honey bee; C.A.S. Mazzacano themountaincampus, iNat 23 24 Searles Mazzacano_Pollinators v2 - September 20, 2016 Bees Bees The short-haired bumblebee project Bumble bees (Bombus) • generalists on wide range of plants Annual bumble bee colony • buzz pollination Nevada Bumble Bee; Mike Patterson, iNat Fog-belt Bumble Bee; Cara Fitchett, iNat 25 26 Bees Bees Perennial Honey bees (Apis mellifera) honey bee colony • medium size; hairy body & eyes • brown/black with golden bands wild honey bee hive; C.A.S. Mazzacano • generalists on a queen mates with 12-15 variety of flowers drones • carry pollen in corbiculae Honey bee; C.A.S. Mazzacano 27 28 Searles Mazzacano_Pollinators v2 - September 20, 2016 Long-horned bees Digger bees Bees • Sweat bees (Halictidae) Anthophora; Hank Wallays, EoL Eucera; Alvesgaspar, Wikimedia Commons Melissodes; Laura Jansen Simpson, iNat - range of sizes & colors Small carpenter bees - may be metallic, striped Anthophora digging out nest tunnel; C.A.S. Mazzacano Agapostemon splendens; - short-tongued Sean McCann, EoL Ceratina; Ceratina; Valter Jacinto, EoL Valter Jacinto, EoL Cuckoo bee Carpenter bees Xylocopa; Xylocopa varipunctata; Nomada; Barbara Vance, iNaturalist C.A.S. Mazzacano Discover Life Dieunomia; Anne Reeves 29 30 Metallic green bees Bees • Sweat bees (Halictidae) Agapostemon odoratissimus; Agapostemon; Nomia melanderi (alkali bee); Mary Keim, EoL Darwin Bell Entomology Today - carry pollen on hind legs Sweat bees - most are ground-nesting; varying sociality Lasioglossum; BioImages, Encyclopedia ofLife Dieunomia nevadensis; John Ascher, Discover Life Halictus ligatus; Lasioglossum; Augochlora pura; Ricardo Ayala, EoL - Stephen Cresswell Sam Kieschnick, EoL Sphecodes davisii; specialists & generalists Ilona Loser, Discover Life Dufourea novaeangliae; Xeralictus; Dufourea; Laurence Packer, Michael Veit, Discover Life Cory Sheffield Discover Life 31 32 Searles Mazzacano_Pollinators v2 - September 20, 2016 Bees Bees • Mining bees (Andrenidae) • Mining bees (Andrenidae) - range of sizes & colors - carry pollen on hind legs Perdita minima; Jillian Cowles, Discover Life - may be red, orange, - ground-nesting Protoxaea gloriosa; cream, dark blue, striped Robert Behrstock, Discover Life - generalists and - short-tongued specialists Andrena; Valter Jacinto, EoL 33 34 Andrena barbilabris; Andrena prima; Henk Wallays, EoL Oklahoma Panhandle State Univ. Bees • Leafcutter, carder, mason, and resin bees Panurginus; (Megachilidae) Jules Barlet Protandrena abdominalis; Smithsonian - small to medium - moderately hairy head & thorax Andrena cerasifolii; Hartmut Wisch, Discover Life - robust; cylindrical body; Calliopsis puellae; yellow & black stripes/spots, Lynette Schimming, Discover Life brilliant metallic colors Anthidium; Anita Gould, iNaturalist Macrotera; Protoxaea; Discover Life John Ascher, Discover Life 35 36 Searles Mazzacano_Pollinators v2 - September 20, 2016 Bees • Leafcutter, carder, mason, and resin bees (Megachilidae) Megachile rotundata; Osmia ribifloris; USDA Anthidium; Miroslav Deml, EoL spider-bite, iNaturalist Megachile periharta; North Thurston HS Science Club, BugGuide.net - carry pollen beneath abdomen - solitary nesters in existing tunnels in Lithurgopsis apicalis; Hoplitis hypocrita; Ashmeadiella xenomastax; soil, wood, stems Bob O’Kennon, iNaturalist Hartmut Wisch, Discover Life Hartmut Wisch, Discover Life Atoposmia copelandica; Heriades leavitti; Coelioxys sayi; Laurence Packer, Discover Life John Ascher, Discover Life John Ascher, Discover Life - many specialists 37 38 Wasps Wasps Wasps vs. bees Pollen wasps (Pseudomasaris) • less hairy • black or brown; yellow, white or red bands; • more pronounced “waist” • clubbed antennae • brighter color patterns • generalists; prefer pollen from waterleaf • most are predators, but & figwort families some feed young on pollen & nectar Pseudomasaris coquilletti; Mathesont 39 40 Searles Mazzacano_Pollinators v2 - September 20, 2016 Wasps Flies Pseudomasaris vespoides; Hartmut Wisch Pollen wasps (Pseudomasaris) Flies vs. bees • • only wasps that feed only 1 pair of wings; stick young on nectar & out more when perched pollen, collected in Villa lateralis; • Linda Dahlberg, Discover Life internal crop big round eyes dominate head Pseudomasaris vespoides nest; USDA Bee Lab • shorter, thinner antennae
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Comprehensive Guide to Insects of Britain & Ireland
    a comprehensive guide to insects of Britain & ireland To be launched Spring 2014. order your copy now and save over £7.50! Offer endS 31 March 2014 Special expected list price: £27.50 Pre-Publication special price: £19.95 offer you save: £7.50 A comprehensive guide to Insects of Britain & irelAnd by Paul D. Brock Special expected list price: £27.50 * Scientific Associate of the Pre-Publication special price: £19.95 Natural History Museum, offer you save: £7.50 London, and author of the acclaimed ‘Insects of the New Forest’ full colour photographs throughout, with fully comprehensive sections on all insect 2 Ants, bees and wasps Subfamily Andreninae Ants, bees and wasps 3 Andrena species form the majority of this large subfamily of small to large, mining (soil-nesting) bees; very few groups, including flies, bees and wasps nest communally. There are sometimes several species with similar appearance, thus care is needed in identification. Many have a single brood, but identification of others with two broods is so by seasonal variation. In a few species, giant males occur, with large heads and mandibles. metimes complicated species and a few Sphecodes species are cleptoparasites and parasitic flies are often seen around Colourful nests where it is fascinating to watch their behaviour. A selection of species in this popular genus is include Nomada widespread, some are very local. ISBN 978-1-874357-58-2 d; although Andrena angustior Body length: 8–11 mm. Small, distinguished by the long marginal area on 2nd tergite. Cleptoparasite probably Nomada fabriciana Flexibound, 195 × 135mm, around 500pp woodlands, meadows and sometimes heaths.
    [Show full text]
  • Taxon Order Family Scientific Name Common Name Non-Native No. of Individuals/Abundance Notes Bees Hymenoptera Andrenidae Calliop
    Taxon Order Family Scientific Name Common Name Non-native No. of individuals/abundance Notes Bees Hymenoptera Andrenidae Calliopsis andreniformis Mining bee 5 Bees Hymenoptera Apidae Apis millifera European honey bee X 20 Bees Hymenoptera Apidae Bombus griseocollis Brown belted bumble bee 1 Bees Hymenoptera Apidae Bombus impatiens Common eastern bumble bee 12 Bees Hymenoptera Apidae Ceratina calcarata Small carpenter bee 9 Bees Hymenoptera Apidae Ceratina mikmaqi Small carpenter bee 4 Bees Hymenoptera Apidae Ceratina strenua Small carpenter bee 10 Bees Hymenoptera Apidae Melissodes druriella Small carpenter bee 6 Bees Hymenoptera Apidae Xylocopa virginica Eastern carpenter bee 1 Bees Hymenoptera Colletidae Hylaeus affinis masked face bee 6 Bees Hymenoptera Colletidae Hylaeus mesillae masked face bee 3 Bees Hymenoptera Colletidae Hylaeus modestus masked face bee 2 Bees Hymenoptera Halictidae Agapostemon virescens Sweat bee 7 Bees Hymenoptera Halictidae Augochlora pura Sweat bee 1 Bees Hymenoptera Halictidae Augochloropsis metallica metallica Sweat bee 2 Bees Hymenoptera Halictidae Halictus confusus Sweat bee 7 Bees Hymenoptera Halictidae Halictus ligatus Sweat bee 2 Bees Hymenoptera Halictidae Lasioglossum anomalum Sweat bee 1 Bees Hymenoptera Halictidae Lasioglossum ellissiae Sweat bee 1 Bees Hymenoptera Halictidae Lasioglossum laevissimum Sweat bee 1 Bees Hymenoptera Halictidae Lasioglossum platyparium Cuckoo sweat bee 1 Bees Hymenoptera Halictidae Lasioglossum versatum Sweat bee 6 Beetles Coleoptera Carabidae Agonum sp. A ground beetle
    [Show full text]
  • Hymenoptera; Andrenidae) Manuela Giovanetti, Eloisa Lasso
    Body size, loading capacity and rate of reproduction in the communal bee Andrena agilissima (Hymenoptera; Andrenidae) Manuela Giovanetti, Eloisa Lasso To cite this version: Manuela Giovanetti, Eloisa Lasso. Body size, loading capacity and rate of reproduction in the com- munal bee Andrena agilissima (Hymenoptera; Andrenidae). Apidologie, Springer Verlag, 2005, 36 (3), pp.439-447. hal-00892151 HAL Id: hal-00892151 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00892151 Submitted on 1 Jan 2005 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Apidologie 36 (2005) 439–447 © INRA/DIB-AGIB/ EDP Sciences, 2005 439 DOI: 10.1051/apido:2005028 Original article Body size, loading capacity and rate of reproduction in the communal bee Andrena agilissima (Hymenoptera; Andrenidae)1 Manuela GIOVANETTIa*, Eloisa LASSOb** a Dip. Biologia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy b Dep. Plant Biology, University of Illinois, 505 S. Goodwin Av., 265 Morrill Hall, Urbana, IL 61801, USA Received 12 February 2004 – revised 3 November 2004 – accepted 12 November 2004 Published online 9 August 2005 Abstract – In bees, body size may be particularly important in determining the loading capacity, and consequently the rate of reproduction.
    [Show full text]
  • Historia Natural De Macrotera Pipiyolin (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae) En La Estación De Biología Chamela, Jalisco, México
    Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 81: 87- 96, 2010 http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/ib.20078706e.2010.001.196 Historia natural de Macrotera pipiyolin (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae) en la Estación de Biología Chamela, Jalisco, México Natural history of Macrotera pipiyolin (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae) in the Estación de Biología Chamela, Jalisco, Mexico Beatriz Rodríguez-Velez1* y Ricardo Ayala2 1Instituto de Biología, Departamento de Zoología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Apartado postal 70-153, 04510 México, D.F., México. 2Estación de Biología Chamela, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Apartado postal 21, San Patricio, 48980 Jalisco, México. *Correspondencia: [email protected] Resumen. Se presenta información sobre la historia natural de Macrotera pipiyolin; el estudio se realizó en la Estación de Biología Chamela, Instituto de Biología, UNAM, entre junio y agosto de 1994. Las abejas emergieron poco después del inicio de la temporada de lluvias, su pico de actividad fue a principio de julio, presentando alrededor de 35 días activos. La actividad concuerda con la fl oración de Opuntia excelsa, planta de la que obtiene sus recursos. Las cópulas ocurren sobre las fl ores y los machos muestran 3 tipos de estrategias reproductivas: macho dominante, subordinado y patrullero. Las hembras son poliándricas y los machos polígamos. Las hembras construyen los nidos generalmente cerca de O. excelsa y tienen una distribución gregaria. Los nidos son simples, con un túnel principal y celdas, las que se cierran y desconectan del tunel una vez que se han aprovisionado y en ellas se ha depositado un huevo. Para la provisión de una celda se requiere de 2 a 18 cargas de polen.
    [Show full text]
  • Wedge-Shaped Beetles (Suggested Common Name) Ripiphorus Spp. (Insecta: Coleoptera: Ripiphoridae)1 David Owens, Ashley N
    EENY613 Wedge-Shaped Beetles (suggested common name) Ripiphorus spp. (Insecta: Coleoptera: Ripiphoridae)1 David Owens, Ashley N. Mortensen, Jeanette Klopchin, William Kern, and Jamie D. Ellis2 Introduction Ripiphoridae are a family of unusual parasitic beetles that are thought to be related to tumbling flower beetles (Coleoptera: Mordellidae) and blister beetles (Coleoptera: Meloidae). There is disagreement over the spelling of the family (Ripiphoridae) and genus (Ripiphorus) names. Here we use the original spelling that starts with only the letter Figure 1. Adult specimens of the two genera of Ripiphoridae. A) “R”; however, an initial “Rh” has also been used in the Macrosiagon Hentz, and B) Ripiphorus Bosc. scientific community (Rhipiphoridae and Rhipiphorus). Credits: Allen M. Boatman There are an estimated 35 nearctic species of Ripiphorus, Generally, the biology of the family Ripiphoridae is poorly two of which have been collected in Florida: Ripiphorus known. Ripiphorids parasitize bees and wasps (Hymenop- schwarzi LeConte (Figure 2A) and Ripiphorus fasciatus Say tera), roaches (Blattodea), and wood-boring beetles (Co- (Figure 2B). Due to limited information for both of these leoptera). However, the specific hosts for many ripiphorid species, the information presented below is characteristic species are unknown. Furthermore, only one sex (either of the genus Ripiphorus. Information specific to Ripiphorus male or female) has been described for several species, and fasciatus and Ripiphorus schwarzi is presented where the males and females of some species look different. detailed information is available. Two genera of Ripiphoridae infest hymenopteran (bee and wasp) nests: Macrosiagon Hentz (Figure 1A) and Ripiphorus Bosc (formerly Myodites Latreille) (Figure 1B). Species of Macrosiagon are parasites of a variety of hymenopteran families including: Halictidae, Vespidae, Tiphiidae, Apidae, Pompilidae, Crabronidae, and Sphecidae.
    [Show full text]
  • Draft Genome Assembly and Population Genetics of an Agricultural Pollinator, the Solitary Alkali Bee (Halictidae: Nomia Melanderi)
    GENOME REPORT Draft Genome Assembly and Population Genetics of an Agricultural Pollinator, the Solitary Alkali Bee (Halictidae: Nomia melanderi) Karen M. Kapheim,*,†,1 Hailin Pan,‡,§,** Cai Li,†† Charles Blatti III,‡‡ Brock A. Harpur,§§ Panagiotis Ioannidis,*** Beryl M. Jones,††† Clement F. Kent,‡‡‡ Livio Ruzzante,§§§,**** Laura Sloofman,‡‡ Eckart Stolle,†††† Robert M. Waterhouse,§§§,**** Amro Zayed,‡‡‡ Guojie Zhang,‡,§,** and William T. Wcislo† *Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, †Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Republic of Panama, ‡State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese § Academy of Sciences, 650223, Kunming, China, China National Genebank, BGI-Shenzhen, 518083, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China, **Centre for Social Evolution, Department of Biology, Universitetsparken 15, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark, ††The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom, ‡‡Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, and †††Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology, University of §§ Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, Department of Entomology, Purdue University, W. Lafayette, IN, 47907, ***Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, 70013 Vassilika Vouton, Heraklion, Greece, ‡‡‡Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, M3J 1P3, Canada, §§§ Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, ****Department of Ecology
    [Show full text]
  • Plant Life Magill’S Encyclopedia of Science
    MAGILLS ENCYCLOPEDIA OF SCIENCE PLANT LIFE MAGILLS ENCYCLOPEDIA OF SCIENCE PLANT LIFE Volume 4 Sustainable Forestry–Zygomycetes Indexes Editor Bryan D. Ness, Ph.D. Pacific Union College, Department of Biology Project Editor Christina J. Moose Salem Press, Inc. Pasadena, California Hackensack, New Jersey Editor in Chief: Dawn P. Dawson Managing Editor: Christina J. Moose Photograph Editor: Philip Bader Manuscript Editor: Elizabeth Ferry Slocum Production Editor: Joyce I. Buchea Assistant Editor: Andrea E. Miller Page Design and Graphics: James Hutson Research Supervisor: Jeffry Jensen Layout: William Zimmerman Acquisitions Editor: Mark Rehn Illustrator: Kimberly L. Dawson Kurnizki Copyright © 2003, by Salem Press, Inc. All rights in this book are reserved. No part of this work may be used or reproduced in any manner what- soever or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy,recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. For information address the publisher, Salem Press, Inc., P.O. Box 50062, Pasadena, California 91115. Some of the updated and revised essays in this work originally appeared in Magill’s Survey of Science: Life Science (1991), Magill’s Survey of Science: Life Science, Supplement (1998), Natural Resources (1998), Encyclopedia of Genetics (1999), Encyclopedia of Environmental Issues (2000), World Geography (2001), and Earth Science (2001). ∞ The paper used in these volumes conforms to the American National Standard for Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, Z39.48-1992 (R1997). Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Magill’s encyclopedia of science : plant life / edited by Bryan D.
    [Show full text]
  • Anthophila List
    Filename: cuic_bee_database.
    [Show full text]
  • Somerset's Ecological Network
    Somerset’s Ecological Network Mapping the components of the ecological network in Somerset 2015 Report This report was produced by Michele Bowe, Eleanor Higginson, Jake Chant and Michelle Osbourn of Somerset Wildlife Trust, and Larry Burrows of Somerset County Council, with the support of Dr Kevin Watts of Forest Research. The BEETLE least-cost network model used to produce Somerset’s Ecological Network was developed by Forest Research (Watts et al, 2010). GIS data and mapping was produced with the support of Somerset Environmental Records Centre and First Ecology Somerset Wildlife Trust 34 Wellington Road Taunton TA1 5AW 01823 652 400 Email: [email protected] somersetwildlife.org Front Cover: Broadleaved woodland ecological network in East Mendip Contents 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................... 1 2. Policy and Legislative Background to Ecological Networks ............................................ 3 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 3 Government White Paper on the Natural Environment .............................................. 3 National Planning Policy Framework ......................................................................... 3 The Habitats and Birds Directives ............................................................................. 4 The Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2010 ..................................
    [Show full text]
  • Decades of Native Bee Biodiversity Surveys at Pinnacles National Park Highlight the Importance of Monitoring Natural Areas Over Time
    Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU All PIRU Publications Pollinating Insects Research Unit 1-17-2019 Decades of Native Bee Biodiversity Surveys at Pinnacles National Park Highlight the Importance of Monitoring Natural Areas Over Time Joan M. Meiners University of Florida Terry L. Griswold Utah State University Olivia Messinger Carril Independent Researcher Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/piru_pubs Part of the Life Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Meiners JM, Griswold TL, Carril OM (2019) Decades of native bee biodiversity surveys at Pinnacles National Park highlight the importance of monitoring natural areas over time. PLoS ONE 14(1): e0207566. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. pone.0207566 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Pollinating Insects Research Unit at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in All PIRU Publications by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. RESEARCH ARTICLE Decades of native bee biodiversity surveys at Pinnacles National Park highlight the importance of monitoring natural areas over time 1 2 3 Joan M. MeinersID *, Terry L. Griswold , Olivia Messinger Carril 1 School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of a1111111111 America, 2 USDA-ARS Pollinating Insects Research Unit (PIRU), Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States of America, 3 Independent Researcher, Santa Fe, New Mexico, United States of America a1111111111 a1111111111 * [email protected] a1111111111 a1111111111 Abstract Thousands of species of bees are in global decline, yet research addressing the ecology OPEN ACCESS and status of these wild pollinators lags far behind work being done to address similar impacts on the managed honey bee.
    [Show full text]
  • Ag. Ento. 3.1 Fundamentals of Entomology Credit Ours: (2+1=3) THEORY Part – I 1
    Ag. Ento. 3.1 Fundamentals of Entomology Ag. Ento. 3.1 Fundamentals of Entomology Credit ours: (2+1=3) THEORY Part – I 1. History of Entomology in India. 2. Factors for insect‘s abundance. Major points related to dominance of Insecta in Animal kingdom. 3. Classification of phylum Arthropoda up to classes. Relationship of class Insecta with other classes of Arthropoda. Harmful and useful insects. Part – II 4. Morphology: Structure and functions of insect cuticle, moulting and body segmentation. 5. Structure of Head, thorax and abdomen. 6. Structure and modifications of insect antennae 7. Structure and modifications of insect mouth parts 8. Structure and modifications of insect legs, wing venation, modifications and wing coupling apparatus. 9. Metamorphosis and diapause in insects. Types of larvae and pupae. Part – III 10. Structure of male and female genital organs 11. Structure and functions of digestive system 12. Excretory system 13. Circulatory system 14. Respiratory system 15. Nervous system, secretary (Endocrine) and Major sensory organs 16. Reproductive systems in insects. Types of reproduction in insects. MID TERM EXAMINATION Part – IV 17. Systematics: Taxonomy –importance, history and development and binomial nomenclature. 18. Definitions of Biotype, Sub-species, Species, Genus, Family and Order. Classification of class Insecta up to Orders. Major characteristics of orders. Basic groups of present day insects with special emphasis to orders and families of Agricultural importance like 19. Orthoptera: Acrididae, Tettigonidae, Gryllidae, Gryllotalpidae; 20. Dictyoptera: Mantidae, Blattidae; Odonata; Neuroptera: Chrysopidae; 21. Isoptera: Termitidae; Thysanoptera: Thripidae; 22. Hemiptera: Pentatomidae, Coreidae, Cimicidae, Pyrrhocoridae, Lygaeidae, Cicadellidae, Delphacidae, Aphididae, Coccidae, Lophophidae, Aleurodidae, Pseudococcidae; 23. Lepidoptera: Pieridae, Papiloinidae, Noctuidae, Sphingidae, Pyralidae, Gelechiidae, Arctiidae, Saturnidae, Bombycidae; 24.
    [Show full text]
  • Hymenoptera: Vespoidea) Filippo Ceccolini 1, Fabio Cianferoni 1,2,*
    Fragmenta entomologica, 50 (2): 111-115 (2018) eISSN: 2284-4880 (online version) pISSN: 0429-288X (print version) Research article Submitted: September 2nd, 2018 - Accepted: November 29th, 2018 - Published: December 31st, 2018 Review of the distribution of Sapygidae in Italy and new records (Hymenoptera: Vespoidea) Filippo CECCOLINI 1, Fabio CIANFERONI 1,2,* 1 Natural History Museum of the University of Florence, Zoological Section “La Specola” - Via Romana 17, I-50125 Florence, Italy [email protected]; [email protected] 2 Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, CNR - National Research Council of Italy - Via Salaria km 29,300, I-00015 Monteroton- do (Rome), Italy * Corresponding author Abstract The distribution of the Italian species of Sapygidae is reviewed and new occurrence records for some species are given. Monosapyga clavicornis (Linnaeus, 1758) is recorded for the first time in Lazio and Abruzzo, Polochrum repandum Spinola, 1806 in Abruzzo, and Sapygina decemguttata (Jurine, 1807) in Veneto. Due to insufficient sampling efforts in Italy, all the Italian species of Sapygidae should be currently considered as Data Deficient (DD) according to the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Key words: Sapygidae, Italy, faunistics, new records, IUCN categories of risk. Introduction The nomenclature adopted follows Generani et al. (2005). Existing synonymies used in the references quot- The family Sapygidae is a small group of either ectopara- ing Italian records are reported under the accepted name. sitoids or cleptoparasites (mainly of Apoidea) wasps, in- Abbreviations used in material examined: cluding about 70 species in the world (van Achterberg MZUF Natural History Museum of the University of 2014; Fernández & Sarmiento 2015) and 33 in the Palae- Florence, Italy.
    [Show full text]