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GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS in FINLAND 1990-2006 National GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS IN FINLAND 1990-2006 National Inventory Report under the UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol 11 April 2008 2 PREFACE Finland’s National Inventory Report (NIR) under the UNFCCC (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change) and the Kyoto Protocol (voluntary reporting in accordance with decision 15/CMP.1) contains the following parts: Part 1 Finland’s national greenhouse gas emission inventory report (NIR) prepared using the reporting guidelines (UNFCCC 2006) and relevant parts of the Guidelines for the preparation of the information required under Article 7 of the Kyoto Protocol (Kyoto Protocol 2005). IPCC and other methods applied in the calculation of the emissions are described, as well as changes to the previous submission. Several summarising tables and graphs of the emission data and emission trends for the years 1990-2006 are included. Part 2 CRF (Common Reporting Format) data tables of Finland’s greenhouse gas emissions for the years 1990-2006. The CFR tables are compiled with the latest UNFCCC CRF Reporter software (version 3.2.1). Since the submission of Finland’s initial report under the Kyoto Protocol to the UNFCCC secretariat on 22 December 2006, only minor changes have occurred in the national system or registries. These are presented in chapter 1. Information on emissions and removals related to Article 3, paragraphs 3 and 4, as well as on Article 3, paragraph 14 will be included in the inventory submissions from the year 2010 onwards. The main methodological improvements and changes since the inventory submission in 2007 are listed in Chapter 10. Statistics Finland (Pia Forsell, Kari Grönfors, Tuija Lapveteläinen, Teemu Oinonen, Paula Perälä, Riitta Pipatti, Leena Raittinen, Kai Skoglund), MTT Agrifood Research Finland (Kristiina Regina), the Finnish Forest Research Institute (Tarja Tuomainen, Timo Kareinen), the Finnish Environment Institute (Päivi Lindh, Santtu Mattila, Johanna Mikkola-Pusa, Jouko Petäjä, Kristina Saarinen, Tuulia Toikka), VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland (Kari Mäkelä, Kim Pingoud, Anna-Leena Perälä) and Finavia (Niina Rusko) have made the inventory calculations, as well as the description of the methodologies and other information included in the national inventory report. Statistics Finland is the National Entity with the overall responsibility of the compilation and finalisation of inventory reports and their submission to the UNFCCC Secretariat and the European Commission. Statistics Finland approves the inventory submissions to the EC and UNFCCC independently. The Finnish inventory report as well as the CRF tables can be downloaded from the address: www.stat.fi/greenhousegases The contact person at Statistics Finland is: Dr Riitta Pipatti, Head of Greenhouse Gas Inventory Unit, PB 6 A, FIN-00022 Statistics Finland tel. + 358-9-1734 3543 fax +358-9-1734 3429 email [email protected] 3 PREFACE ________________________________________________________________________2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ___________________________________________________________6 ES.1 Background information on greenhouse gas inventories and climate change __________________6 ES.2 Summary of trends in national emissions and removals ___________________________________6 ES.3 Overview of source and sink category emission estimates and trends ________________________8 1. INTRODUCTION_______________________________________________________________12 1.1 Background information on greenhouse gas inventories and climate change __________________12 1.2 A description of the institutional arrangement for inventory preparation_____________________15 1.3 Brief description of the process of inventory preparation __________________________________18 1.4 Brief general description of the methodologies and data sources used ________________________19 1.5 Brief description of the key categories __________________________________________________21 1.6 Information about the QA/QC plan including verification and treatment of confidentiality issues 23 1.7 Summary of the uncertainty analysis ___________________________________________________30 1.8 General assessment of completeness____________________________________________________32 2.TRENDS IN GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS ______________________________________33 2.1 Description and interpretation of emission trends for aggregated greenhouse gas emissions _____33 2.2 Description and interpretation of emission trends by gas __________________________________35 2.3 Description and interpretation of emission trends by category ______________________________37 2.4 Description and interpretation of emission trends of indirect greenhouse gases and sulphur oxides _____________________________________________________________________________________43 3. ENERGY (CRF 1)_______________________________________________________________45 3.1 Overview of the sector (CRF 1)________________________________________________________45 3.2 Emissions from fuel combustion (CRF 1.A)______________________________________________48 3.3 Fugitive emissions from fuels (CRF 1.B) ________________________________________________98 3.4 Reference approach ________________________________________________________________103 3.5 International bunkers ______________________________________________________________105 Appendix_3a _________________________________________________________________________107 Appendix_3b _________________________________________________________________________111 4. INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES (CRF 2) ______________________________________________119 4.1 Overview of the sector ______________________________________________________________119 4.2 Mineral Products (CRF 2.A) _________________________________________________________123 4.3 Chemical Industry (CRF 2.B) ________________________________________________________132 4.4 Metal Production (CRF 2.C) _________________________________________________________141 4.5 Other Production (CRF 2.D) _________________________________________________________147 4.6 Consumption of Halocarbons and SF6 (CRF 2.F) ________________________________________149 Appendix_4 __________________________________________________________________________165 5. SOLVENT AND OTHER PRODUCT USE (CRF 3) __________________________________171 5.1 Overview of the sector ______________________________________________________________171 4 5.2 Paint application (CRF 3.A), Degreasing and dry cleaning (CRF 3.B) and Chemical products, manufacture and processing (CRF 3.C)___________________________________________________174 5.3 Other (CRF 3.D) ___________________________________________________________________177 6. AGRICULTURE (CRF 4) _______________________________________________________179 6.1 Overview of the sector ______________________________________________________________179 6.2 Enteric Fermentation (CRF 4.A) _____________________________________________________182 6.3 Manure Management (CRF 4.B) _____________________________________________________189 6.4 Agricultural Soils (CRF 4.D) _________________________________________________________198 Appendix_6 __________________________________________________________________________207 7. LAND USE, LAND USE CHANGE AND FORESTRY (CRF 5)_________________________212 7.1 Overview of the sector ______________________________________________________________212 7.2 Forest land (CRF 5.A) ______________________________________________________________220 7.3 Cropland (CRF 5.B) ________________________________________________________________239 7.4 Grassland (CRF 5.C) _______________________________________________________________245 7.5 Wetland (CRF 5.D)_________________________________________________________________249 7.6 Settlements (CRF 5.E) and Other land (CRF 5.F) _______________________________________253 7.7 Non-CO2 emissions _________________________________________________________________254 7.8 Harvested Wood Products (CRF 5.G) _________________________________________________260 Appendix_7a _________________________________________________________________________267 Appendix_7b _________________________________________________________________________274 Appendix_7c _________________________________________________________________________275 8. WASTE (CRF 6) _______________________________________________________________283 8.1 Overview of the sector ______________________________________________________________283 8.2 Solid Waste Disposal on Land (CRF 6.A) ______________________________________________286 8.3 Wastewater Handling (CRF 6.B) _____________________________________________________294 8.4 Waste Incineration (CRF 6.C)________________________________________________________301 8.5 Composting (CRF 6.D)______________________________________________________________302 Appendix_8a _________________________________________________________________________306 Appendix_8b _________________________________________________________________________308 9. OTHER (CRF 7) _______________________________________________________________309 10. RECALCULATIONS AND IMPROVEMENTS _____________________________________310 10.1 Explanations and justification for recalculations, implications on emission levels and trends including time series’ consistency ________________________________________________________310 10.2 Implications for emission levels______________________________________________________315 10.3 Implications for emission trends, including time series’ consistency________________________315 10.4 Recalculations,
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