Reference for Regulatory Jurisdiction in Tidal Waters and Wetlands
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Technical Note 37: Identification, Ecology, Use, and Culture of Sitka
TECHNICAL NOTES _____________________________________________________________________________________________ US DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICE Portland, OR April 2005 PLANT MATERIALS No. 37 Identification, Ecology, Use and Culture of Sitka Alder Dale C. Darris, Conservation Agronomist, Corvallis Plant Materials Center Introduction Sitka alder [Alnus viridis (Vill.) Lam. & DC. subsp. sinuata (Regel) A.& D. Löve] is a native deciduous shrub or small tree that grows to height of 20 ft, occasionally taller. Although a non-crop species, it has several characteristics useful for reclamation, forestry, and erosion control. The species is known for abundant leaf litter production, the fixation of atmospheric nitrogen in association with Frankia bacteria, and a strong fibrous root system. Where locally abundant, it naturally colonizes landslide chutes, areas of stream scour and deposition, soil slumps, and other drastic disturbances resulting in exposed minerals soils. These characteristics make Sitka alder particularly useful for streambank stabilization and soil building on impoverished sites. In addition, its low height and early slowdown in growth rate makes it potentially more desirable than red alder (Alnus rubra) to interplant with conifers such as Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menzieii) and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) where soil fertility is moderate to low. However, high densities can hinder forest regeneration efforts. The species may also be useful as a fast growing shrub row in field windbreaks. Sitka alder is most abundant at mid to subalpine elevations. Low elevation seed sources (below 100 m) are uncommon but probably provide the best material for reclamation and erosion control projects on valley floors and terraces. Distribution and Identification Sitka alder (Alnus viridis subsp. sinuata) is a native deciduous shrub or small tree that grows to a height of 1-6 m (3-19 ft) in the mountains and 6-12 m (19-37ft) at low elevations. -
The Prosopis Juliflora - Prosopis Pallida Complex: a Monograph
DFID DFID Natural Resources Systems Programme The Prosopis juliflora - Prosopis pallida Complex: A Monograph NM Pasiecznik With contributions from P Felker, PJC Harris, LN Harsh, G Cruz JC Tewari, K Cadoret and LJ Maldonado HDRA - the organic organisation The Prosopis juliflora - Prosopis pallida Complex: A Monograph NM Pasiecznik With contributions from P Felker, PJC Harris, LN Harsh, G Cruz JC Tewari, K Cadoret and LJ Maldonado HDRA Coventry UK 2001 organic organisation i The Prosopis juliflora - Prosopis pallida Complex: A Monograph Correct citation Pasiecznik, N.M., Felker, P., Harris, P.J.C., Harsh, L.N., Cruz, G., Tewari, J.C., Cadoret, K. and Maldonado, L.J. (2001) The Prosopis juliflora - Prosopis pallida Complex: A Monograph. HDRA, Coventry, UK. pp.172. ISBN: 0 905343 30 1 Associated publications Cadoret, K., Pasiecznik, N.M. and Harris, P.J.C. (2000) The Genus Prosopis: A Reference Database (Version 1.0): CD ROM. HDRA, Coventry, UK. ISBN 0 905343 28 X. Tewari, J.C., Harris, P.J.C, Harsh, L.N., Cadoret, K. and Pasiecznik, N.M. (2000) Managing Prosopis juliflora (Vilayati babul): A Technical Manual. CAZRI, Jodhpur, India and HDRA, Coventry, UK. 96p. ISBN 0 905343 27 1. This publication is an output from a research project funded by the United Kingdom Department for International Development (DFID) for the benefit of developing countries. The views expressed are not necessarily those of DFID. (R7295) Forestry Research Programme. Copies of this, and associated publications are available free to people and organisations in countries eligible for UK aid, and at cost price to others. Copyright restrictions exist on the reproduction of all or part of the monograph. -
Marketing Brochure (Updated 2021)
DSA MARKETING MATE RI ALS DSA 2019-2020 Catalogue SKU: 3017 Price: No Charge Wynstellar Collection Catalogue SKU: 3021 Price: No Charge DSA 2021 Price Guide SKU: 3018 Price: No Charge PRINTED PRICE 2021 PRICE GUIDE COMING SOON! PDF 2021 Price Guide available now Stain Sample Keyring SKU: /DSA STAIN SAMP Price: No Charge 2-1/4” X 4” Stain Samples Finishes: Coco, Russet, Chestnut Wood Species: Mahogany & Knotty Alder 6 total stain samples Wynstellar Sample Keyring SKU: /DSA STAIN SAMP Price: No Charge 3” X 4” Stain Samples Finishes: Ebony & CInnamon Bark Wood Species: Accoya 2 total stain samples Glass Sample SKU: GLASS SAMPLE Price: $20.00 Shipping Cost: $15.00 Ships Via: UPS 3” X 3” Panes Overall Size: 13” X 6-3/4” Glass Types: Rain, Flemish, Clear Beveled, Sandblasted, Gluechip, Grain IG Low E, White Laminated, and Fluted IG Low E Miniature Wynstellar Bi Fold Door SKU: 3037-FD Price: $900.00 Crating Cost: $100.00 Shipping Cost: $175.00 ShipsVia: Averrit *can be shipped with existing order to avoid seperate S&H - crating still applies 13” X 27” Door Panels Dual-Finished : Ebony & Primed (back) Timber: Accoya Clear Ig Low E Glass Overall Size: 48” X 36” Mahogany Pre-Hung Sample SKU: 3006 Price: $100 Shipping Cost: $50 Ships Via: UPS 17-3/4” X 19-1/2” Frame Size Timber: Mahoghany Knotty Alder Pre-Hung Sample SKU: 3006 Price: $100 Shipping Cost: $50 Ships Via: UPS 17-3/4” X 19-1/2” Frame Size Timber: Knotty Alder Mahogany Corner Cut Samples SKU: 3001 Price: $40 Shipping Cost: $30 Ships Via: UPS 12” X 12” Sample Timber: Mahogany Coco, Russet, -
A Case Study on the Potential of the Multipurpose Prosopis Tree
23 Underutilised crops for famine and poverty alleviation: a case study on the potential of the multipurpose Prosopis tree N.M. Pasiecznik, S.K. Choge, A.B. Rosenfeld and P.J.C. Harris In its native Latin America, the Prosopis tree (also known as Mesquite) has multiple uses as a fuel wood, timber, charcoal, animal fodder and human food. It is also highly drought-resistant, growing under conditions where little else will survive. For this reason, it has been introduced as a pioneer species into the drylands of Africa and Asia over the last two centuries as a means of reclaiming desert lands. However, the knowledge of its uses was not transferred with it, and left in an unmanaged state it has developed into a highly invasive species, where it encroaches on farm land as an impenetrable, thorny thicket. Attempts to eradicate it are proving costly and largely unsuccessful. In 2006, the problem of Prosopis was hitting the headlines on an almost weekly basis in Kenya. Yet amidst calls for its eradication, a pioneering team from the Kenya Forestry Research Institute (KEFRI) and HDRA’s International Programme set out to demonstrate its positive uses. Through a pilot training and capacity building programme in two villages in Baringo District, people living with this tree learned for the first time how to manage and use it to their benefit, both for food security and income generation. Results showed that the pods, milled to flour, would provide a crucial, nutritious food supplement in these famine-prone desert margins. The pods were also used or sold as animal fodder, with the first international order coming from South Africa by the end of the year. -
Conserving Europe's Threatened Plants
Conserving Europe’s threatened plants Progress towards Target 8 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation Conserving Europe’s threatened plants Progress towards Target 8 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation By Suzanne Sharrock and Meirion Jones May 2009 Recommended citation: Sharrock, S. and Jones, M., 2009. Conserving Europe’s threatened plants: Progress towards Target 8 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation Botanic Gardens Conservation International, Richmond, UK ISBN 978-1-905164-30-1 Published by Botanic Gardens Conservation International Descanso House, 199 Kew Road, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3BW, UK Design: John Morgan, [email protected] Acknowledgements The work of establishing a consolidated list of threatened Photo credits European plants was first initiated by Hugh Synge who developed the original database on which this report is based. All images are credited to BGCI with the exceptions of: We are most grateful to Hugh for providing this database to page 5, Nikos Krigas; page 8. Christophe Libert; page 10, BGCI and advising on further development of the list. The Pawel Kos; page 12 (upper), Nikos Krigas; page 14: James exacting task of inputting data from national Red Lists was Hitchmough; page 16 (lower), Jože Bavcon; page 17 (upper), carried out by Chris Cockel and without his dedicated work, the Nkos Krigas; page 20 (upper), Anca Sarbu; page 21, Nikos list would not have been completed. Thank you for your efforts Krigas; page 22 (upper) Simon Williams; page 22 (lower), RBG Chris. We are grateful to all the members of the European Kew; page 23 (upper), Jo Packet; page 23 (lower), Sandrine Botanic Gardens Consortium and other colleagues from Europe Godefroid; page 24 (upper) Jože Bavcon; page 24 (lower), Frank who provided essential advice, guidance and supplementary Scumacher; page 25 (upper) Michael Burkart; page 25, (lower) information on the species included in the database. -
COMÚN INGLÉS COMÚN ESPAÑOL NOMBRE CIENTÍFICO Alder Aliso
COMÚN INGLÉS COMÚN ESPAÑOL NOMBRE CIENTÍFICO Alder Aliso Alnus spp. Alligator juniper Tascate Juniperus deppeana Almond Almendro Prunus dulcis Anaqua Manzanillo Ehretia anacua Apricot Albaricoquero Prunus armeniaca Ash Fresno, plumero Fraxinus spp. Ashe juniper Sabino Juniperus ashei Basswood Tilo Tilia spp. Ball moss Gallitos Tillandsia recurvata Beech Haya Fagus spp. Birch Abedul Betula spp. Black cherry Cerezo Prunus serotina Black locust Algarrobo Robinia pseudoacacia Boxelder Negundo Acer negundo Buckeye Castaño de Indias Aesculus spp. Buckthorn Rhamnus Rhamnus spp. Bumelia Coma Bumelia spp. Catalpa Catalpa Catalpa spp. Catclaw acacia Uña de gato Acacia greggii Cedar Cedro Cedrus spp. Chestnut Castaño Castanea spp. Chinaberry Canelo, lila de China, paraiso, jaboncillo Melia azedarach Common apple Manzano Malus x domestica Common edible fig Higo Ficus carica Common olive Olivo Olea europaea Cottonwood/aspen Álamo/ álamo temblón Populus spp. Crape myrtle Crespón, reina de las flores Langerstroemia spp. Cypress Ciprés Cupressus spp. Desert willow Flor de mimbre Chilopsis linearis Dogwood Cornejo Cornus spp. Eastern red cedar Cedro rojo, enebro Juniperus virginiana Ebony Ébano Diospyros spp. Elm Olmo Ulmus spp. Eucalyptus Eucalipto Eucalyptus spp. Evergreen sumac Lantrisco, lentisco Rhus sempervirens Filbert nut tree Avellano Corylus avellana Fir Abeto Abies spp. Ginkgo, maidenhair Gingo Ginkgo biloba Grape Parra, uva Vitis spp. Hackberry Palo blanco Celtis spp. Hemlock Cicuta Tsuga spp. Hickory Nogal americano Carya spp. Holly Acebo Ilex spp. Juniper Enebro Juniperus spp. Larch Alerce Larix spp. Leadtree Tepeguaje Leucaena spp. Live oak Encino, tesmoli, texmol Quercus virginiana Loquat Níspero Eriobotrya japonica Madrone Madroño Arbutus spp. Magnolia Palo de cacique, magnolio Magnolia grandiflora Mahogany Caoba Swietenia spp. -
Henderson, L. (2007). Invasive, Naturalized and Casual Alien Plants in Southern Africa
Bothalia 37,2: 215–248 (2007) Invasive, naturalized and casual alien plants in southern Africa: a sum- mary based on the Southern African Plant Invaders Atlas (SAPIA) L. HENDERSON* Keywords: biomes, casual alien plants, invasive plants, Lesotho, naturalized plants, roadside surveys, SAPIA mapping project, South Africa, Swaziland ABSTRACT The primary objective of this publication is to provide an overview of the species identity, invasion status, geographical extent, and abundance of alien plants in South Africa, Swaziland and Lesotho, based on fi eld records from 1979 to the end of 2000. The dataset is all the species records for the study area in the Southern African Plant Invaders Atlas (SAPIA) database during this time period. A total of 548 naturalized and casual alien plant species were catalogued and invasion was recorded almost throughout the study area. Most invasion, in terms of both species numbers and total species abundance, was recorded along the southern, southwestern and eastern coastal belts and in the adjacent interior. This area includes the whole of the Fynbos and Forest Biomes, and the moister eastern parts of the Grassland and Savanna Biomes. This study reinforces previous studies that the Fynbos Biome is the most extensively invaded vegetation type in South Africa but it also shows that parts of Savanna and Grassland are as heavily invaded as parts of the Fynbos. The Fabaceae is prominent in all biomes and Acacia with 17 listed species, accounts for a very large proportion of all invasion. Acacia mearnsii was by far the most prominent invasive species in the study area, followed by A. -
Plants for the Coast
PLANTS FOR THE COAST WE CARRY THESE SPECIES FOR THE COAST. WE DID NOT LIST ALL VARIETIES AS THEY MAY VARY. N=NATIVE LATIN NAME COMMON NAME ACTAEA BUGBANE AESCULUS CARNEA RED HORSE-CHESTNUT N AMELANCHIER CANADENSIS SHADBLOW SERVICEBERRY N AMMOPHILIA BREVILIGULATA DUNE GRASS ANDROMEDA POLIFOLIA BOG ROSEMARY N ARCTOSTAPHYLOS UVA-URSI MASSACHUSETTS BEARBERRY N ARONIA ARBUTIFOLIA RED CHOKEBERRY BAPTISIA AUSTRALIS BLUE FALSE INDIGO BUDDLEIA BUTTERFLY BUSH CALAMAGROSTIS FEATHER REED GRASS CALLUNA VULGARIS HEATHER CAMPSIS TRUMPET VINE N CLETHRA SUMMERSWEET N COMPTONIA SWEETFERN N CORNUS RACEMOSA GRAY DOGWOOD N CORNUS SERICEA RED TWIG DOGWOOD COTONEASTER COTONEASTER N CRATAEGUS HAWTHORN DIERVILLA LONICERA HONEYSUCKLE N FRAXINUS PENNSYLVANICA GREEN ASH GINGKO BILOBA MAIDENHAIR TREE HYDRANGEA HYDRANGEA N ILEX GLABRA INKBERRY HOLLY N JUNIPERUS COMMUNIS COMMON JUNIPER JUNIPERUS HORZONTALIS GROUNDCOVER JUNIPER N LATHYRUS JAPONICUS BEACH PEA LIGUSTRUM PRIVET N LIMONIUM CAROLINIANUM SEA LAVENDER MICROBIOTA DECUSSATA SIBERIAN CYPRESS N MYRICA PENNSYLVANICA NORTHERN BAYBERRY N NYSSA SYLVATICA BLACK GUM PACHYSTIMA CANBYI MOUNTAIN JADE N PANICUM VIRGATUM SWITCH GRASS N PICEA GLAUCA WHITE SPRUCE PICEA GLAUCA CONICA DWARF ALBERTA SPRUCE PINUS CEMBRA SWISS STONE PINE PINUS MUGO DWARF MUGHO PINE PINUS NIGRA AUSTRIAN PINE PINUS PARVIFLORA JAPANESE WHITE PINE N PINUS RIGIDA PITCH PINE PINUS SYLVESTRIS SCOTCH PINE PRUNUS CISTENA PURPLE LEAF SAND CHERRY N PRUNUS MARITIMA BEACH PLUM N QUERCUS OAK N RHUS SUMAC N ROSA ROSE N SALIX WILLOW N SOLIDAGO SEMPERVIRENS SEASIDE GOLDENROD N SPIREA SPIREA STEPHANANDRA INCISA CUTLEAF STEPHANANDRA N THUJA OCCIDENTALIS AMERICAN ARBORVITAE TILIA CORDATA LITTELLEAF LINDEN N VACCINIUM CORYMBOSUM HIGHBUSH BLUEBERRY VINCA MINOR PERIWINKLE PIERSON NURSERIES INC. 24 BUZZELL RD BIDDEFORD, MAINE 04005 PH 207-499-4992 FX 207-499-2912 EMAIL [email protected] WEBSITE WWW.piersonnurseries.com. -
Water-Wise Plants …Suitable for the Willamette Valley
Water-Wise Plants …suitable for the Willamette Valley ANNUALS and PERENNIALS Botanical Name Common Name Botanical Name Common Name Achillea sp. Yarrow Limonium sp. Sea Lavender Alcea rosea Hollyhock Linum sp. Flax Alyssum sp. Alyssum Lithodora diffusa Lithodora Aquilegia sp. Columbine Lobularia maritima Sweet Alyssum Arctotis sp. African Daisy Narcissus sp. Daffodil Armeria sp. Trift, Sea Pink Oenothera sp. Evening Primrose Artemesia sp. Wormwoods Origanum sp. Marjoram/Oregano Chrysanthemum Marguerite, Shasta Daisy Osteospermum sp. African Daisy Coreopsis sp. Coreopsis Papaver sp. Poppy Cosmos Cosmos Phlox sp. Phlox Dianthus sp. Pink or Sweet William Polystichum munitum Sword fern * Erysimum sp. Wallflowers Portulaca grandiflora Moss Rose Eschscholzia californica California Poppy Rudbeckia sp. Black-Eyed Susan, Coneflowers Gaillardia sp. Blanket Flowers Salvia sp. Sage Gypsophilia paniculata Baby’s Breath Senecio cineraria Dusty Miller Helichrysum Strawflower Sisyrinchium sp. Blue & Yellow-Eyed Grasses Hemerocallis sp. Daylily Thymus sp. Thyme Kniphofia uvaria Red Hot Poker Verbascum sp. Mullein Lavandula sp. Lavender Verbena sp. Verbena Liatris sp. Gayfeather Yucca sp. Yucca For water conservation information, call the Water Quality Hotline, 503-588-6323. For information or presentations on native plants, call 503-588-6211, ext. 7388. * Native to Oregon TREES Botanical Name Common Name Botanical Name Common Name Acer ginnala Amur Maple Laurus nobilis Sweet Bay, Grecian Laurel Arbutus menziesii Madrone * Lithocarpus densiflorus Tanbark Oak ** Albizzia julibrissin Silktree Malus sargentii Sargent Crabapple London Plane Tree, Platanus acerifolia Calocedrus decurrens Incense Cedar ** Sycamore Pinus sp. Pine Castanea mollisima Chinese Chestnut Pseudotsuga menziesii Douglas Fir * Cedrus atlantica Atlas Cedar Quercus garryana. Oregon White Oak * Cedrus deodora Deodora Cedar Sequoiadendron giganteum Giant Sequoia Cercis occidentalis Western Redbud ** Sophora japonica Japanese Pagoda Tree Cornus nutallii Western Dogwood * Taxus sp. -
The Black Sea Region — Shores and Delta
Black Sea region. page 1 European Environment Agency Europe’s biodiversity — biogeographical regions and seas Biogeographical regions in Europe The Black Sea Region — shores and delta Original contributions from ETC/NPB: Sophie Condé, Dominique Richard (coordinators) Nathalie Liamine (editor) Anne-Sophie Leclère (data collection and processing) Barbara Sotolargo (drafting) Ulla Pinborg (final co-editor) Map production: UNEP/GRID Warsaw (final production) Project manager: Tor-Björn Larsson, EEA ZooBoTech HB, Sweden, Linus Svensson (final edition) Black Sea region. page 2 Summary ............................................................................................................ 3 1. What are the main characteristics and trends of the Black Sea biogeographical region? ..................................................................................... 3 1.1 General characteristics.............................................................................. 3 1.1.1 Extent and limitations ............................................................................ 3 1.1.2 Geomorphological and topography ........................................................... 3 1.1.3 Soils .................................................................................................... 4 1.1.4 Climate ................................................................................................ 4 1.2 Present biodiversity status and trends: habitats, fauna and flora ............. 5 1.2.1 Habitats .............................................................................................. -
Flora Mediterranea 26
FLORA MEDITERRANEA 26 Published under the auspices of OPTIMA by the Herbarium Mediterraneum Panormitanum Palermo – 2016 FLORA MEDITERRANEA Edited on behalf of the International Foundation pro Herbario Mediterraneo by Francesco M. Raimondo, Werner Greuter & Gianniantonio Domina Editorial board G. Domina (Palermo), F. Garbari (Pisa), W. Greuter (Berlin), S. L. Jury (Reading), G. Kamari (Patras), P. Mazzola (Palermo), S. Pignatti (Roma), F. M. Raimondo (Palermo), C. Salmeri (Palermo), B. Valdés (Sevilla), G. Venturella (Palermo). Advisory Committee P. V. Arrigoni (Firenze) P. Küpfer (Neuchatel) H. M. Burdet (Genève) J. Mathez (Montpellier) A. Carapezza (Palermo) G. Moggi (Firenze) C. D. K. Cook (Zurich) E. Nardi (Firenze) R. Courtecuisse (Lille) P. L. Nimis (Trieste) V. Demoulin (Liège) D. Phitos (Patras) F. Ehrendorfer (Wien) L. Poldini (Trieste) M. Erben (Munchen) R. M. Ros Espín (Murcia) G. Giaccone (Catania) A. Strid (Copenhagen) V. H. Heywood (Reading) B. Zimmer (Berlin) Editorial Office Editorial assistance: A. M. Mannino Editorial secretariat: V. Spadaro & P. Campisi Layout & Tecnical editing: E. Di Gristina & F. La Sorte Design: V. Magro & L. C. Raimondo Redazione di "Flora Mediterranea" Herbarium Mediterraneum Panormitanum, Università di Palermo Via Lincoln, 2 I-90133 Palermo, Italy [email protected] Printed by Luxograph s.r.l., Piazza Bartolomeo da Messina, 2/E - Palermo Registration at Tribunale di Palermo, no. 27 of 12 July 1991 ISSN: 1120-4052 printed, 2240-4538 online DOI: 10.7320/FlMedit26.001 Copyright © by International Foundation pro Herbario Mediterraneo, Palermo Contents V. Hugonnot & L. Chavoutier: A modern record of one of the rarest European mosses, Ptychomitrium incurvum (Ptychomitriaceae), in Eastern Pyrenees, France . 5 P. Chène, M. -
Comparative Study Regarding the Chemical Composition and Biological Activity of Pine (Pinus Nigra and P
antioxidants Article Comparative Study Regarding the Chemical Composition and Biological Activity of Pine (Pinus nigra and P. sylvestris) Bark Extracts 1, 2, 3 4 5 Adrian Nisca *, Ruxandra S, tefănescu * , Diana Ionela Stegărus, , Anca Delia Mare , Lenard Farczadi and Corneliu Tanase 6 1 Doctoral School of Medicine and Pharmacy, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Târgu Mures, , 38 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 540139 Târgu Mures, , Mures, , Romania 2 Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Târgu Mures, , 38 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 540139 Târgu Mures, , Mures, , Romania 3 National Research and Development Institute for Cryogenics and Isotopic Technologies—ICSI Ramnicu Valcea, 4th Uzinei Street, 240050 Ramnicu Valcea, Romania; [email protected] 4 Department of Microbiology, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Târgu Mures, , 38 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 540139 Târgu Mures, , Mures, , Romania; [email protected] 5 Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Center for Advanced Medical and Pharmaceutical Research, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Târgu Mures, , 38 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 540139 Târgu Mures, , Mures, , Romania; [email protected] 6 Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Târgu Mures, , 38 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, Citation: Nisca, A.; S, tef˘anescu,R.; 540139 Târgu Mures, , Mures, , Romania; [email protected] Steg˘arus, , D.I.; Mare, A.D.; Farczadi, * Correspondence: [email protected] (A.N.); [email protected] (R.S.) L.; Tanase, C. Comparative Study Regarding the Chemical Composition Abstract: The bark resulted after the industrial processing of wood represents a byproduct of the and Biological Activity of Pine (Pinus forestry industry, used in many suboptimal ways, being considered a natural waste.