Astrophysique / Astrophysics- Bibliographie De Pierre Léna

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Astrophysique / Astrophysics- Bibliographie De Pierre Léna Astrophysique/Astrophysics Revues avec relecteurs/Journals with referees Références [1] P. Léna. Adaptive optics : a breakthrough in astronomy. Experimental Astro- nomy, 26 :35–48, August 2009. [2] Y. Clénet, D. Rouan, P. Léna, E. Gendron, and F. Lacombe. The Galactic Centre at infrared wavelengths : towards the highest spatial resolution. Comptes Rendus Physique, 8 :26–34, January 2007. [3] G. Perrin, J. Woillez, O. Lai, J. Guérin, T. Kotani, P. L. Wizinowich, D. Le Mignant, M. Hrynevych, J. Gathright, P. Léna, F. Chaffee, S. Vergnole, L. De- lage, F. Reynaud, A. J. Adamson, C. Berthod, B. Brient, C. Collin, J. Créte- net, F. Dauny, C. Deléglise, P. Fédou, T. Goeltzenlichter, O. Guyon, R. Hulin, C. Marlot, M. Marteaud, B.-T. Melse, J. Nishikawa, J.-M. Reess, S. T. Ridgway, F. Rigaut, K. Roth, A. T. Tokunaga, and D. Ziegler. Interferometric coupling of the Keck telescopes with single-mode fibers. Science, 311 :194, January 2006. [4] Y. Clénet, D. Rouan, D. Gratadour, P. Léna, and O. Marco. The infrared emission of the dust clouds close to Sgr A*. Journal of Physics Conference Series, 54 :386–390, December 2006. [5] Y. Clénet, D. Rouan, D. Gratadour, O. Marco, P. Léna, N. Ageorges, and E. Gendron. A dual emission mechanism in Sgr A* ar L’ band. A&A, 439 :L9– L13, August 2005. [6] P. Léna. Astronomie et optique : un couple heureux. Journal de Physique IV, 119 :51–56, November 2004. [7] M. Glanc, E. Gendron, D. Lafaille, J.-F. Le Gargasson, and P. Léna. Towards wide-field retinal imaging with adaptive optics. Optics Communications, pages 225–238, 2004. [8] Y. Clénet, D. Rouan, D. Gratadour, F. Lacombe, E. Gendron, R. Genzel, T. Ott, R. Schödel, and P. Léna. Detection of the Sgr A* activity at 3.8 and 4.8 µm with NACO. A&A, 424 :L21–L25, September 2004. [9] P. Léna. Astronomical optical interferometry : an assessment. Academie des Sciences Paris Comptes Rendus Serie Physique Astrophysique, 2 :7–15, January 2001. 1 [10] Y. Clénet, D. Rouan, E. Gendron, J. Montri, F. Rigaut, P. Léna, and F. La- combe. Adaptive optics L-band observations of the Galactic Center region. A&A, 376 :124–135, September 2001. [11] P. Léna. Perspectives de l’optique astronomique. Académie des Sciences Paris Comptes Rendus Série B Sciences Physiques, 325 :33–33, July 1997. [12] P. Léna. Adaptive Optics : Astronomical Results and Perspectives. Experimen- tal Astronomy, 7 :281–284, 1997. [13] J.-M. Mariotti, V. Coudé du Foresto, G. Perrin, P. Zhao, and P. Léna. Inter- ferometric connection of large ground-based telescopes. A&AS, 116 :381–393, April 1996. [14] E. Gendron and P. Léna. Single Layer Atmospheric Turbulence Demonstrated by Adaptive Optics Observations. Ap&SS, 239 :221–228, September 1996. [15] C. J. Cesarsky, A. Abergel, P. Agnese, B. Altieri, J. L. Augueres, H. Aussel, A. Biviano, J. Blommaert, J. F. Bonnal, F. Bortoletto, O. Boulade, F. Boulan- ger, S. Cazes, D. A. Cesarsky, A. Chedin, A. Claret, M. Combes, J. Cretolle, J. K. Davies, F. X. Desert, D. Elbaz, J. J. Engelmann, G. Epstein, A. Frances- chini, P. Gallais, R. Gastaud, M. Gorisse, S. Guest, T. Hawarden, D. Imbault, M. Kleczewski, F. Lacombe, D. Landriu, J. Lapègue, P. Léna, M. S. Longair, R. Mandolesi, L. Metcalfe, N. Mosquet, L. Nordh, K. Okumura, S. Ott, M. Per- ault, F. Perrier, P. Persi, P. Puget, T. Purkins, Y. Rio, T. Robert, D. Rouan, A. Roy, O. Saint-Pé, J. Sam Lone, A. Sargent, M. Sauvage, F. Sibille, R. Sie- benmorgen, F. Sirou, A. Soufflot, J. L. Starck, D. Tiphene, D. Tran, G. Ventura, L. Vigroux, F. Vivares, and R. Wade. ISOCAM in flight. A&A, 315 :L32–L37, November 1996. [16] P.-Q. Zhao, B.-F. Zhou, P. Léna, V. Coudé du Foresto, X.-R. Jiang, J.-M. Ma- riotti, and F. Reynaud. Fiber optic delay line and its feasibility for application to coherent telescope arrays. Chinese Astron. Astrophys., 19 :399–400, February 1995. [17] P. Zhao, B. Zhou, P. Léna, V. Coudé du Foresto, X. Jiang, J.-M. Mariotti, and F. Reynaud. Fiber optic delay line and its feasibility study for the application to coherent telescope array. Acta Astronomica Sinica, 36 :86–92, March 1995. [18] P. Zhao, J.-M. Mariotti, V. Coudé du Foresto, P. Léna, and F. Reynaud. Po- larization effects and their minimization in an infrared single-mode fibre-optic double-Fourier stellar interferometer. Journal of Modern Optics, 42 :2533–2550, December 1995. [19] G. Vauclair, A. Achterberg, J. Narlikar, J. Lub, H. van der Laan, J. I. Sakai, C. J. Schrijver, C. de Jager, P. Léna, D. Vanbeveren, J. Audouze, and E. P. J. van den Heuvel. Book-Review - Isolated Pulsars. Space Sci. Rev., 73 :435–444, August 1995. 2 [20] E. Gendron and P. Léna. Astronomical adaptive optics. II. Experimental results of an optimized modal control. A&AS, 111 :153, May 1995. [21] E. Gendron and P. Léna. Astronomical adaptive optics. 1 : Modal control optimization. A&A, 291 :337–347, November 1994. [22] F. Malbet, F. Rigaut, C. Bertout, and P. Léna. Detection of a 400-AU Disk like Structure Surrounding the Young Stellar Object Z Canis Majoris. A&A, 271 :L9, April 1993. [23] C. Dougados, P. Léna, S. T. Ridgway, J. C. Christou, and R. G. Probst. Near- infrared imaging of the Becklin-Neugebauer-IRc2 region in Orion with subarc- second resolution. ApJ, 406 :112–121, March 1993. [24] F. Rigaut, J. G. Cuby, M. Caes, J. L. Monin, M. Vittot, J. C. Richard, G. Rous- set, and P. Léna. Visible and infrared wavefront sensing for astronomical adap- tive optics. A&A, 259 :L57–L60, June 1992. [25] C. Dougados, D. Rouan, and P. Léna. Measure of the grain velocity structure in the circumstellar envelope ’Frosty Leo’. A&A, 253 :464–474, January 1992. [26] F. Rigaut, G. Rousset, P. Kern, J. C. Fontanella, J. P. Gaffard, F. Merkle, and P. Léna. Adaptive optics on a 3.6-m telescope - Results and performance. A&A, 250 :280–290, October 1991. [27] F. Malbet, P. Léna, and C. Bertout. A large disk-like structure around the young stellar object Z CMa. The Messenger, 66 :32–33, December 1991. [28] P. Léna. Adaptive Optics. Science, 251 :854, February 1991. [29] J. C. Fontanella, G. Rousset, and P. Léna. Adaptive optics, a key element of the European Very Large Telescope. Journal of Optics, 22 :99–111, March 1991. [30] P. Léna and F. Merkle. The interferometric mode of the European Very Large Telescope. Ap&SS, 160 :363–368, October 1989. [31] P. Léna. Perspectives in observational cosmology. International Journal of Theoretical Physics, 28 :1139–1149, September 1989. [32] F. Lacombe, D. Tiphène, D. Rouan, P. Léna, and M. Combes. Imagery with infrared arrays. I - Ground-based system and astronomical performances. A&A, 215 :211–217, May 1989. [33] A. A. Chalabaev and P. Léna. The wind of NGC 2024-IRS 2 - High resolution spectroscopy of Brackett lines. A&A, 168 :L7–L10, November 1986. [34] P. B. van der Wal, B. G. Anandarao, D. Rouan, P. Léna, and M. de Muizon. An array photometer for airborne far infrared astronomy. Ap&SS, 117 :209–216, December 1985. 3 [35] F. Roddier and P. Léna. Long-baseline Michelson interferometry with large ground-based telescopes operating at optical wavelengths. II - Interferometry at infrared wavelengths. Journal of Optics, 15 :363–374, December 1984. [36] F. Roddier and P. Léna. Long-baseline Michelson interferometry with large ground-based telescopes operating at optical wavelengths. I - General forma- lism : Interferometry at visible wavelengths. Journal of Optics, 15 :171–182, August 1984. [37] D. R. Jiang, C. Perrier, and P. Léna. NGC 2024 No. 2 - Infrared speckle interferometry and nature of the source. A&A, 135 :249–254, June 1984. [38] A. Chelli, C. Perrier, and P. Léna. The sub-arc second structure of IRc2 at 5 microns. ApJ, 280 :163–169, May 1984. [39] J. M. Mariotti, A. Chelli, F. Sibille, R. Foy, P. Léna, and G. Tchountonov. Infrared speckle imaging - Improvement of the method ; results on Miras and protostars. A&A, 120 :237–248, April 1983. [40] F. Viallefond, J. J. Wijnbergen, P. Léna, M. de Muizon, D. Rouan, and C. Ni- collier. Far infrared emission from the galactic plane. I - Observations at the galactic longitude l/II/ 27.5 deg. A&A, 83 :22–25, March 1980. [41] M. de Muizon, D. Rouan, P. Léna, C. Nicollier, and J. Wijnbergen. Far infrared study of molecular clouds - Dust temperature profiles in S 140, IC 1396, RCrA. A&A, 83 :140–148, March 1980. [42] F. Sibille, A. Chelli, and P. Léna. Infrared speckle interferometry. A&A, 79 :315– 328, November 1979. [43] M. Leroy, L. M. Celnikier, and P. Léna. Infrared astronomy data as a means of probing stratospheric turbulence. Infrared Physics, 19 :523–531, October 1979. [44] P. Léna. High spatial resolution via near-infrared interferometry. Journal of Optics, 10 :323–328, December 1979. [45] R. Foy, A. Chelli, P. Léna, and F. Sibille. Angular diameter of IRC 10216, Mira, R CAS and GL 2591 in the near infrared. A&A, 79 :L5–L8, October 1979. [46] R. Courtin, P. Léna, M. de Muizon, D. Rouan, C. Nicollier, and J. Wijnbergen. Far-infrared photometry of planets - Saturn and Venus. Icarus, 38 :411–419, June 1979. [47] A. Chelli, P. Léna, and F. Sibille. Angular dimensions of accreting young stars. Nature, 278 :143–146, March 1979. [48] A. Chelli, P. Léna, C. Roddier, F. Roddier, and F. Sibille. Modulation Trans- fer Function for Infra-red Stellar Speckle Interferometry : Evidence for a Log- normal Statistic. Optica Acta, 26 :583–595, May 1979.
Recommended publications
  • Astronomy 241: Foundations of Astrophysics I. the Solar System
    Astronomy 241: Foundations of Astrophysics I. The Solar System Astronomy 241 is the first part of a year-long Prerequisites: Physics 170, Physics 272 introduction to astrophysics. It uses basic (or concurrent), and Math 242 or 252A. classical mechanics and thermodynamics to Contact: Professor Joshua Barnes analyze the structure and evolution of the ([email protected]; 956-8138) Solar System. www.ifa.hawaii.edu/~barnes/ast241 Tuesday, August 21, 2012 Astrophysics BS Degree Proposal in ASTR PHYS MATH CHEM preparation FALL 241 251A 161, 171 or 181 year 1 161L, 171L, or 181L SPRING 170 242 252A 162 year 1 170L 162L Foundations of Astrophysics I: FALL 241 272 243 253A The Solar System year 2 272L Foundations of Astrophysics II: SPRING 242 274 244 Galaxies & Stars year 2 274L Observational Astronomy & FALL 300 310 311 (or 307?) Laboratory year 3 300L 350 SPRING 301 311 Observational Project year 3 450 FALL 423 480 Stellar Astrophysics year 4 495 SPRING 496 481 Senior Project I, II year4 485 1 of: ASTR 320, 426, or 430 Tuesday, August 21, 2012 Units Text uses MKS units (meter, kilo-gram, second); e.g. G ≃ 6.674 × 10-11 m3 kg-1 s-2 (gravitational constant). Astronomers also use non-standard units: AU ≃ 1.496 × 1011 m (“average” Earth-Sun distance) 30 M⊙ ≃ 1.989 × 10 kg (Sun’s mass) yr ≃ 3.156 × 107 s (Earth’s orbital period) Tuesday, August 21, 2012 Order of Magnitude & Dimensional Analysis: An Example Given that Jupiter’s average density is slightly greater than water, estimate the orbital period of a satellite circling just above the planet.
    [Show full text]
  • Early Science Results from SOFIA, the World's Largest Airborne
    Early Science Results from SOFIA, the World’s Largest Airborne Observatory James M. De Buizer Universities Space Research Association – Stratospheric Observatory For Infrared Astronomy ABSTRACT The Stratospheric Observatory For Infrared Astronomy, or SOFIA, is the largest flying observatory ever built, consisting of a 2.7-meter diameter telescope embedded in a modified Boeing 747-SP aircraft. SOFIA is a joint project between NASA and the German Aerospace Center Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft und-Raumfahrt (DLR). By flying at altitudes up to 45000 feet, the observatory gets above 99.9% of the infrared-absorbing water vapor in the Earth’s atmosphere. This opens up an almost uninterrupted wavelength range from 0.3-1600 microns that is in large part obscured from ground based observatories. Since its 'Initial Science Flight' in December 2010, SOFIA has flown several dozen science flights, and has observed a wide array of objects from Solar System bodies, to stellar nurseries, to distant galaxies. This paper reviews a few of the exciting new science results from these first flights which were made by three instruments: the mid-infrared camera FORCAST, the far-infrared heterodyne spectrometer GREAT, and the optical occultation photometer HIPO. 1. THE STRATOSPHERIC OBSERVATORY FOR INFRARED ASTRONOMY SOFIA [1] is the world’s largest flying observatory, consisting of a 2.7 m (diameter) reflective telescope that was developed by Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft und-Raumfart (DLR) that resides in a heavily modified Boeing 747-SP aircraft provided by NASA. The operation and development costs of SOFIA, as well as science and observing time, are divided up in 80:20 proportions split between NASA and DLR, respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Status of the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy
    Status of the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA) R. D. Gehrza, E. E. Becklinb, J. de Buizerb, T. Herterc, L. D. Kellerd, A. Krabbee, P. M. f f b f b b Marcum , T. L. Roellig , G. H. L. Sandell , P. Temi , W. D. Vacca , E. T. Young , and H. Zinneckere,g aDepartment of Astronomy, School of Physics and Astronomy, 116 Church Street, S. E., University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA bUniversities Space Research Association, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 211-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA cAstronomy Department, 202 Space Sciences Building, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853- 6801, USA dDepartment of Physics, Ithaca College, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA eDeutsches SOFIA Institut, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 31, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany fNASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA gSOFIA Science Center, NASA Ames Research Center, MS N211-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA Abstract The Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA), a joint U.S./German project, is a 2.5-meter infrared airborne telescope carried by a Boeing 747-SP that flies in the stratosphere at altitudes as high as 45,000 feet (13.72 km). This facility is capable of observing from 0.3 µm to 1.6 mm with an average transmission greater than 80 percent. SOFIA will be staged out of the NASA Dryden Flight Research Center aircraft operations facility at Palmdale, CA. The SOFIA Science Mission Operations (SMO) will be located at NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA. First science flights began in 2010 and a full operations schedule of up to one hundred 8 to 10 hour flights per year will be reached by 2014.
    [Show full text]
  • European Astroparticle Physics Strategy 2017-2026 Astroparticle Physics European Consortium
    European Astroparticle Physics Strategy 2017-2026 Astroparticle Physics European Consortium August 2017 European Astroparticle Physics Strategy 2017-2026 www.appec.org Executive Summary Astroparticle physics is the fascinating field of research long-standing mysteries such as the true nature of Dark at the intersection of astronomy, particle physics and Matter and Dark Energy, the intricacies of neutrinos cosmology. It simultaneously addresses challenging and the occurrence (or non-occurrence) of proton questions relating to the micro-cosmos (the world decay. of elementary particles and their fundamental interactions) and the macro-cosmos (the world of The field of astroparticle physics has quickly celestial objects and their evolution) and, as a result, established itself as an extremely successful endeavour. is well-placed to advance our understanding of the Since 2001 four Nobel Prizes (2002, 2006, 2011 and Universe beyond the Standard Model of particle physics 2015) have been awarded to astroparticle physics and and the Big Bang Model of cosmology. the recent – revolutionary – first direct detections of gravitational waves is literally opening an entirely new One of its paths is targeted at a better understanding and exhilarating window onto our Universe. We look of cataclysmic events such as: supernovas – the titanic forward to an equally exciting and productive future. explosions marking the final evolutionary stage of massive stars; mergers of multi-solar-mass black-hole Many of the next generation of astroparticle physics or neutron-star binaries; and, most compelling of all, research infrastructures require substantial capital the violent birth and subsequent evolution of our infant investment and, for Europe to remain competitive Universe.
    [Show full text]
  • Integrated Science and Education Plan for the National Ecological Observatory Network
    Integrated Science and Education Plan for the National Ecological Observatory Network October 23, 2006 Table of Contents Page Executive Summary 1 Chapter 1: NEON Science: Ecosystems in a Changing World 8 Chapter 2: NEON Design: Linking Mechanisms and Processes Across Scales 23 Chapter 3: NEON Deployment: Integrated Instruments, Experiments, Facilities 30 and Cyberinfrastructure Chapter 4: NEON Science: Integrative Research Topics 59 Chapter 5: NEON Education: Translating Science into Meaning 70 Chapter 6: NEON Coordination and Partnerships 82 Appendix 1: NEON Design Consortium Participants 91 NEON Integrated Science and Education Plan Executive Summary NEON and the Grand Environmental Challenges The biosphere is the living part of planet Earth. It is one of the planet’s most complex systems, with countless internal interactions among its components and external interactions with physical processes of the earth, oceanic, and atmospheric environment. This complexity leads to some of the most compelling questions in science, because the scientific challenges are so great and because humanity is an integral component of the biosphere. Humans use a diverse set of services and products of the biosphere, including food, fiber, and fuel—and depend on the air and water quality that the biosphere maintains. NEON is a bold effort to build on recent progress in many fields to open new horizons in the science of large-scale ecology. NEON science is explicitly focused on questions that relate to the Grand Challenges in environmental science, are relevant
    [Show full text]
  • An Overview of New Worlds, New Horizons in Astronomy and Astrophysics About the National Academies
    2020 VISION An Overview of New Worlds, New Horizons in Astronomy and Astrophysics About the National Academies The National Academies—comprising the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, the Institute of Medicine, and the National Research Council—work together to enlist the nation’s top scientists, engineers, health professionals, and other experts to study specific issues in science, technology, and medicine that underlie many questions of national importance. The results of their deliberations have inspired some of the nation’s most significant and lasting efforts to improve the health, education, and welfare of the United States and have provided independent advice on issues that affect people’s lives worldwide. To learn more about the Academies’ activities, check the website at www.nationalacademies.org. Copyright 2011 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America This study was supported by Contract NNX08AN97G between the National Academy of Sciences and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Contract AST-0743899 between the National Academy of Sciences and the National Science Foundation, and Contract DE-FG02-08ER41542 between the National Academy of Sciences and the U.S. Department of Energy. Support for this study was also provided by the Vesto Slipher Fund. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the agencies that provided support for the project. 2020 VISION An Overview of New Worlds, New Horizons in Astronomy and Astrophysics Committee for a Decadal Survey of Astronomy and Astrophysics ROGER D.
    [Show full text]
  • Concern Over Teen Suicides Extends Flu-Drug Probe
    NATURE|Vol 447|24 May 2007 NEWS IN BRIEF about 100 million oyster larvae, which were Concern over teen suicides being used in a genomics study to examine extends flu-drug probe gene expression in various environments. With power out, electrical seawater pumps Japan is widening its investigation into could not be operated, so the larvae were C. THOMAS/NASA whether certain influenza drugs could have put to sea. dangerous side effects, including psychiatric Staff members imported boatloads of problems and suicidal tendencies, in certain dry ice to save a decade’s worth of frozen groups of people. specimens. In March, the Japanese health ministry advised doctors that they should not prescribe teenagers the flu drug Tamiflu US gives green light to rice (oseltamivir) — made by Roche — after with breast-milk proteins reports of some young people on the drug Airborne observatory SOFIA is several years late. throwing themselves from buildings (see The US Department of Agriculture Nature 446, 358–359; 2007). Last week, (USDA) has approved one of the first large- atmospheric water vapour. NASA the health ministry said that it would also scale plantings of a food crop genetically rededicated the plane, the Clipper look into the flu drugs Relenza (zanamivir) modified to contain human proteins. The Lindbergh, on 21 May, the eightieth — made by GlaxoSmithKline — and crop will be planted in Kansas. anniversary of Charles Lindbergh’s solo amantadine. Ventria Bioscience in Sacramento, flight across the Atlantic. A study that ended in 2006 flagged up all California, has made strains of rice In the past month SOFIA has successfully three drugs for their potential side effects, that produce proteins found in breast completed its first two test flights, says Eric but found no clear evidence that Tamiflu milk — lysozyme, lactoferrin and human Becklin, chief scientist for the project at the was to blame for the teenagers’ abnormal serum albumin.
    [Show full text]
  • Exploring the Infrared Universe
    EXPLORING THE INFRARED UNIVERSE SOFIA’s Mission Research Center, USRA, and several universities are working to develop SOFIA’s special- ized instruments and conduct its scientific mission. SOFIA’s education and public outreach Many objects of interest to astronomers emit most of their energy in the infrared portion of programs are managed by an alliance of the SETI Institute and the Astronomical Society of the electromagnetic spectrum. Ground-based telescopes, however, can detect only limited the Pacific. amounts of infrared radiation because most of it is absorbed by water vapor in the Earth’s atmosphere. Cruising at altitudes of 39,000 ft (12 km) or higher, SOFIA operates above more The SOFIA Telescope than 99% of the water vapor, enabling it to make observations that are impossible for even the largest and highest ground-based telescopes. SOFIA’s telescope was designed and built for the DLR by a consortium of Germany’s leading SOFIA will help astronomers learn more about the birth of stars, the formation of planetary aerospace companies — Kayser-Threde GmbH and MAN Technologie AG. Development, test- systems, the compositions and histories of comets and asteroids, the origin of complex mol- ing, and operations support for the telescope and associated systems is managed by the DSI. ecules in space, how galaxies form and evolve, and the nature of the mysterious black holes lying at the centers of some galaxies including our own. Observatory Operations SOFIA is based at NASA’s A Unique Airborne Observatory Dryden Aircraft Operations SOFIA’s extensively modified Facility (DAOF) adjacent to the Boeing 747SP aircraft carries Palmdale airport in southern a telescope with an effective California.
    [Show full text]
  • A History of Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology - Malcolm Longair
    ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS - A History of Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology - Malcolm Longair A HISTORY OF ASTRONOMY, ASTROPHYSICS AND COSMOLOGY Malcolm Longair Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE Keywords: History, Astronomy, Astrophysics, Cosmology, Telescopes, Astronomical Technology, Electromagnetic Spectrum, Ancient Astronomy, Copernican Revolution, Stars and Stellar Evolution, Interstellar Medium, Galaxies, Clusters of Galaxies, Large- scale Structure of the Universe, Active Galaxies, General Relativity, Black Holes, Classical Cosmology, Cosmological Models, Cosmological Evolution, Origin of Galaxies, Very Early Universe Contents 1. Introduction 2. Prehistoric, Ancient and Mediaeval Astronomy up to the Time of Copernicus 3. The Copernican, Galilean and Newtonian Revolutions 4. From Astronomy to Astrophysics – the Development of Astronomical Techniques in the 19th Century 5. The Classification of the Stars – the Harvard Spectral Sequence 6. Stellar Structure and Evolution to 1939 7. The Galaxy and the Nature of the Spiral Nebulae 8. The Origins of Astrophysical Cosmology – Einstein, Friedman, Hubble, Lemaître, Eddington 9. The Opening Up of the Electromagnetic Spectrum and the New Astronomies 10. Stellar Evolution after 1945 11. The Interstellar Medium 12. Galaxies, Clusters Of Galaxies and the Large Scale Structure of the Universe 13. Active Galaxies, General Relativity and Black Holes 14. Classical Cosmology since 1945 15. The Evolution of Galaxies and Active Galaxies with Cosmic Epoch 16. The Origin of Galaxies and the Large-Scale Structure of The Universe 17. The VeryUNESCO Early Universe – EOLSS Acknowledgements Glossary Bibliography Biographical SketchSAMPLE CHAPTERS Summary This chapter describes the history of the development of astronomy, astrophysics and cosmology from the earliest times to the first decade of the 21st century.
    [Show full text]
  • Astronomy, Astrophysics, and Cosmology
    Astronomy, Astrophysics, and Cosmology Luis A. Anchordoqui Department of Physics and Astronomy Lehman College, City University of New York Lesson VI March 15, 2016 arXiv:0706.1988 L. A. Anchordoqui (CUNY) Astronomy, Astrophysics, and Cosmology 3-15-2016 1 / 26 L. A. Anchordoqui (CUNY) Astronomy, Astrophysics, and Cosmology 3-15-2016 2 / 26 Table of Contents 1 Expansion of the Universe Friedmann-Robertson-Walker cosmologies L. A. Anchordoqui (CUNY) Astronomy, Astrophysics, and Cosmology 3-15-2016 3 / 26 Expansion of the Universe Friedmann-Robertson-Walker cosmologies In 1917 Einstein presented model of universe which describing geometrically symmetric (spherical) space with finite volume but no boundary In accordance with Cosmological Principle model is homogeneous and isotropic It is also static + volume of space does not change To obtain static model Einstein introduced new repulsive force in his equations Size of this cosmological term is given by L Einstein presented model before redshifts of galaxies were known taking universe to be static was then reasonable When expansion of universe was discovered argument in favor of cosmological constant vanished Most recent observations seem to indicate that non-zero L has to be present L. A. Anchordoqui (CUNY) Astronomy, Astrophysics, and Cosmology 3-15-2016 4 / 26 22 CHAPTER 16 COSMOLOGY EXAMPLE 16.2 Critical Density of the Universe We can estimate the critical mass density of the Universe, Using H ϭ 23 ϫ 10Ϫ3 m/(s · lightyear), where 1 light- 15 Ϫ11 2 2 ␳c, using classical energy considerations. The result turns year ϭ 9.46 ϫ 10 m and G ϭ 6.67 ϫ 10 N · m /kg , out to be in agreement with the rigorous predictions of yields a present value of the critical density ␳c ϭ 1.1 ϫ general relativity because of the simplifying assumption 10Ϫ26 kg/m3.
    [Show full text]
  • Quantum Vacuum Energy and the Emergence of Gravity an Essay
    Applied Physics Research; Vol. 10, No. 2; 2018 ISSN 1916-9639 E-ISSN 1916-9647 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education Quantum Vacuum Energy and the Emergence of Gravity An Essay Philip J. Tattersall1 1 Private researcher, 8 Lenborough St, Beauty Point, Tasmania, Australia. Correspondence: Philip J. Tattersall, 8 Lenborough St, Beauty Point, Tasmania, Australia. E-mail: [email protected] Received: December 19, 2017 Accepted: January 26, 2018 Online Published: February 28, 2018 doi:10.5539/apr.v10n2p1 URL: https://doi.org/10.5539/apr.v10n2p1 Abstract Building on the work of others a novel idea is put forward regarding the possible mechanism of gravity as involving energy coupling down the energy gradient of a massive body. Free fall (acceleration) in a gravitational field is explained as arising from an interaction of the modified quantum vacuum energy in the vicinity of matter. Key words: Gravity, quantum vacuum, zero-point energy, electromagnetic energy, inertia, acceleration, free fall, gravitational energy gradient, non-gravitational acceleration 1. Introduction There has been a great deal of activity, both in terms of theoretical and experimental work exploring the possible link between quantum vacuum energy and gravity. Over the years quantum vacuum energy has become synonymous with zero-point energy (ZPE), and so this term will be used interchangeably throughout this paper. The nature of ZPE has been the subject of intense interest (Santos, 2012; Margan, nd (a&b); Rueda & Haisch, 2005; Puthoff, 2001). It was Sakharov (1967) who reached the conclusion that matter somehow induced certain changes in the quantum vacuum and that these changes might explain a number of phenomena including the Casimir effect.
    [Show full text]
  • SOFIA Successfully Observes Challenging Pluto Occultation 24 June 2011
    SOFIA successfully observes challenging Pluto occultation 24 June 2011 operating in the stratosphere at altitudes up to 45,000 feet, SOFIA can make observations above the water vapor in Earth's lower atmosphere. "Occultations give us the ability to measure pressure, density, and temperature profiles of Pluto's atmosphere without leaving the Earth," said Ted Dunham of the Lowell Observatory in Flagstaff, Ariz., who led the team of scientists aboard SOFIA during the Pluto observations. "Because we were able to maneuver SOFIA so close to the center of the occultation we observed an extended, small, Visitors are briefed on the operation of the telescope but distinct brightening near the middle of the simulator with the High-Speed Imaging Photometer for occultation. This change will allow us to probe Occultations, or HIPO, instrument attached during the Pluto's atmosphere at lower altitudes than is usually SOFIA science and education media day on June 8, possible with stellar occultations." 2011 at the Dryden Aircraft Operations Facility in Palmdale, Calif. (NASA / Tom Tschida) Dunham is the principal investigator for the High- Speed Imaging Photometer for Occultation (HIPO), essentially an extremely fast and accurate electronic light meter. He was a member of the (PhysOrg.com) -- On June 23, NASA's group that originally discovered Pluto's atmosphere Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy by observing a stellar occultation from SOFIA's (SOFIA) observed the dwarf planet Pluto as it predecessor, the Kuiper Airborne Observatory, in passed in front of a distant star. This event, known 1988. Pluto itself was discovered at Lowell as an "occultation," allowed scientific analysis of Observatory in 1930.
    [Show full text]