High Diversity and Variability of Pipolins Among a Wide Range Of
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Multiple Origins of Viral Capsid Proteins from Cellular Ancestors
Multiple origins of viral capsid proteins from PNAS PLUS cellular ancestors Mart Krupovica,1 and Eugene V. Kooninb,1 aInstitut Pasteur, Department of Microbiology, Unité Biologie Moléculaire du Gène chez les Extrêmophiles, 75015 Paris, France; and bNational Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20894 Contributed by Eugene V. Koonin, February 3, 2017 (sent for review December 21, 2016; reviewed by C. Martin Lawrence and Kenneth Stedman) Viruses are the most abundant biological entities on earth and show genome replication. Understanding the origin of any virus group is remarkable diversity of genome sequences, replication and expres- possible only if the provenances of both components are elucidated sion strategies, and virion structures. Evolutionary genomics of (11). Given that viral replication proteins often have no closely viruses revealed many unexpected connections but the general related homologs in known cellular organisms (6, 12), it has been scenario(s) for the evolution of the virosphere remains a matter of suggested that many of these proteins evolved in the precellular intense debate among proponents of the cellular regression, escaped world (4, 6) or in primordial, now extinct, cellular lineages (5, 10, genes, and primordial virus world hypotheses. A comprehensive 13). The ability to transfer the genetic information encased within sequence and structure analysis of major virion proteins indicates capsids—the protective proteinaceous shells that comprise the that they evolved on about 20 independent occasions, and in some of cores of virus particles (virions)—is unique to bona fide viruses and these cases likely ancestors are identifiable among the proteins of distinguishes them from other types of selfish genetic elements cellular organisms. -
Table 1. Unclassified Proteins Encoded by Polintons Polintons
Table 1. Unclassified proteins encoded by Polintons Protein Polintons Length, Similar Description aa GenBank Family Species proteins* Polinton-1_DR Fish 280 Polinton-2_DR Fish 282 Polinton-1_XT Frog 248 Polinton-2_XT Frog 247 Polinton-1_SPU Lizard - Polinton-1_CI Sea squirt 249 A profile derived from the PX multiple alignment PX Polinton-2_CI Sea squirt 248 — does not match (based on PSI-BLAST) any proteins Polinton-1_SP Sea urchin 252 that are not encoded by Polintons. Polinton-2_SP Sea urchin 255 Polinton-3_SP Sea urchin 253 Polinton-5_SP Sea urchin 255 Polinton-1_TC Beatle 291 Polinton-1_DY Fruit fly 182 Polinton-1_DR Fish 435 Polinton-2_DR Fish 435 Polinton-1_XT Frog 436 Polinton-2_XT Frog 435 Polinton-1_SPU Lizard 435 This protein is the most conserved one among the Polinton-1_CI Sea squirt 431 Polinton-encoded unclassified proteins. Its Polinton-2_CI Sea squirt 428 conservation is comparable to that of POLB and PY Polinton-1_SP Sea urchin 442 — INT. Polinton-2_SP Sea urchin 442 A profile derived from the PX multiple alignment Polinton-3_SP Sea urchin 444 does not match any proteins that are not encoded by Polinton-4_SP Sea urchin 444 Polintons. Polinton-5_SP Sea urchin 444 Polinton-1_TC Beatle 437 Polinton-1_DY Fruit fly 430 Polinton-1_CB Nematode 287 Polinton-1_DR Fish 151 Polinton-2_DR Fish 156 Polinton-1_XT Frog 146 Polinton-2_XT Frog 147 Polinton-1_CI Sea squirt 141 Polinton-2_CI Sea squirt 140 A profile derived from the PX multiple alignment PW Polinton-1_SP Sea urchin 121 — does not match any proteins that are not encoded by Polinton-2_SP Sea urchin 120 Polintons. -
A Field Guide to Eukaryotic Transposable Elements
GE54CH23_Feschotte ARjats.cls September 12, 2020 7:34 Annual Review of Genetics A Field Guide to Eukaryotic Transposable Elements Jonathan N. Wells and Cédric Feschotte Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850; email: [email protected], [email protected] Annu. Rev. Genet. 2020. 54:23.1–23.23 Keywords The Annual Review of Genetics is online at transposons, retrotransposons, transposition mechanisms, transposable genet.annualreviews.org element origins, genome evolution https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-genet-040620- 022145 Abstract Annu. Rev. Genet. 2020.54. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org Access provided by Cornell University on 09/26/20. For personal use only. Copyright © 2020 by Annual Reviews. Transposable elements (TEs) are mobile DNA sequences that propagate All rights reserved within genomes. Through diverse invasion strategies, TEs have come to oc- cupy a substantial fraction of nearly all eukaryotic genomes, and they rep- resent a major source of genetic variation and novelty. Here we review the defining features of each major group of eukaryotic TEs and explore their evolutionary origins and relationships. We discuss how the unique biology of different TEs influences their propagation and distribution within and across genomes. Environmental and genetic factors acting at the level of the host species further modulate the activity, diversification, and fate of TEs, producing the dramatic variation in TE content observed across eukaryotes. We argue that cataloging TE diversity and dissecting the idiosyncratic be- havior of individual elements are crucial to expanding our comprehension of their impact on the biology of genomes and the evolution of species. 23.1 Review in Advance first posted on , September 21, 2020. -
The LUCA and Its Complex Virome in Another Recent Synthesis, We Examined the Origins of the Replication and Structural Mart Krupovic , Valerian V
PERSPECTIVES archaea that form several distinct, seemingly unrelated groups16–18. The LUCA and its complex virome In another recent synthesis, we examined the origins of the replication and structural Mart Krupovic , Valerian V. Dolja and Eugene V. Koonin modules of viruses and posited a ‘chimeric’ scenario of virus evolution19. Under this Abstract | The last universal cellular ancestor (LUCA) is the most recent population model, the replication machineries of each of of organisms from which all cellular life on Earth descends. The reconstruction of the four realms derive from the primordial the genome and phenotype of the LUCA is a major challenge in evolutionary pool of genetic elements, whereas the major biology. Given that all life forms are associated with viruses and/or other mobile virion structural proteins were acquired genetic elements, there is no doubt that the LUCA was a host to viruses. Here, by from cellular hosts at different stages of evolution giving rise to bona fide viruses. projecting back in time using the extant distribution of viruses across the two In this Perspective article, we combine primary domains of life, bacteria and archaea, and tracing the evolutionary this recent work with observations on the histories of some key virus genes, we attempt a reconstruction of the LUCA virome. host ranges of viruses in each of the four Even a conservative version of this reconstruction suggests a remarkably complex realms, along with deeper reconstructions virome that already included the main groups of extant viruses of bacteria and of virus evolution, to tentatively infer archaea. We further present evidence of extensive virus evolution antedating the the composition of the virome of the last universal cellular ancestor (LUCA; also LUCA. -
Comprehensive Analysis of Mobile Genetic Elements in the Gut Microbiome Reveals Phylum-Level Niche-Adaptive Gene Pools
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/214213; this version posted December 22, 2017. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 1 Comprehensive analysis of mobile genetic elements in the gut microbiome 2 reveals phylum-level niche-adaptive gene pools 3 Xiaofang Jiang1,2,†, Andrew Brantley Hall2,3,†, Ramnik J. Xavier1,2,3,4, and Eric Alm1,2,5,* 4 1 Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 5 Cambridge, MA 02139, USA 6 2 Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA 7 3 Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard 8 Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA 9 4 Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General 10 Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA 11 5 MIT Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 12 02142, USA 13 † Co-first Authors 14 * Corresponding Author bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/214213; this version posted December 22, 2017. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 15 Abstract 16 Mobile genetic elements (MGEs) drive extensive horizontal transfer in the gut microbiome. This transfer 17 could benefit human health by conferring new metabolic capabilities to commensal microbes, or it could 18 threaten human health by spreading antibiotic resistance genes to pathogens. Despite their biological 19 importance and medical relevance, MGEs from the gut microbiome have not been systematically 20 characterized. -
A Novel and Direct Mobilome Approach Improves the Detection of Larger-Sized Circular Elements Across Kingdoms
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/761098; this version posted September 9, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 A novel and direct mobilome approach improves 2 the detection of larger-sized circular elements 3 across kingdoms 4 Katrine Skov Alanin1,2†, Tue Sparholt Jørgensen1,3,4†, Patrick Browne1,2†, Bent Petersen5,6, Leise Riber7, 5 Witold Kot1,2‡* and Lars Hestbjerg Hansen1,2‡* 6 1Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark 7 2Department of Plant and Environmental Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark 8 3Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Danish Technical University, Lyngby, Denmark 9 4Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Denmark 10 5Globe Institute, Faculty of Health and Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark 11 6Centre of Excellence for Omics-Driven Computational Biodiscovery (COMBio), Faculty of Applied Sciences, AIMST 12 University, Kedah, Malaysia 13 7Department of Biology, Functional Genomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark 14 15 †These authors contributed equally to the work presented 16 ‡ WK and LHH initiated and supervised the project equally 17 *To whom correspondence should be addressed 18 19 Abstract: Mobile genetic elements (MGEs) are instrumental in natural prokaryotic genome editing, permitting 20 genome plasticity and allowing microbes to accumulate immense genetic diversity. MGEs include DNA 21 elements such as plasmids, transposons and Insertion Sequences (IS-elements), as well as bacteriophages 22 (phages), and they serve as a vast communal gene pool. -
The Wolbachia Mobilome in Culex Pipiens Includes a Putative Plasmid
Corrected: Author correction ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-08973-w OPEN The Wolbachia mobilome in Culex pipiens includes a putative plasmid Julie Reveillaud1, Sarah R. Bordenstein2, Corinne Cruaud3, Alon Shaiber4,5, Özcan C. Esen5, Mylène Weill6, Patrick Makoundou6, Karen Lolans5, Andrea R. Watson5, Ignace Rakotoarivony1, Seth R. Bordenstein 2,7,8 & A. Murat Eren 4,5,9 Wolbachia is a genus of obligate intracellular bacteria found in nematodes and arthropods 1234567890():,; worldwide, including insect vectors that transmit dengue, West Nile, and Zika viruses. Wolbachia’s unique ability to alter host reproductive behavior through its temperate bacteriophage WO has enabled the development of new vector control strategies. However, our understanding of Wolbachia’s mobilome beyond its bacteriophages is incomplete. Here, we reconstruct near-complete Wolbachia genomes from individual ovary metagenomes of four wild Culex pipiens mosquitoes captured in France. In addition to viral genes missing from the Wolbachia reference genome, we identify a putative plasmid (pWCP), consisting of a 9.23-kbp circular element with 14 genes. We validate its presence in additional Culex pipiens mosquitoes using PCR, long-read sequencing, and screening of existing metagenomes. The discovery of this previously unrecognized extrachromosomal element opens additional possibilities for genetic manipulation of Wolbachia. 1 ASTRE, INRA, CIRAD, University of Montpellier, Montpellier 34398, France. 2 Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville 37235 TN, USA. 3 Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Institut de Biologie François Jacob, Genoscope, Evry 91057, France. 4 Graduate Program in the Biophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. 5 Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago 60637 IL, USA. -
The Genome of Schmidtea Mediterranea and the Evolution Of
OPEN ArtICLE doi:10.1038/nature25473 The genome of Schmidtea mediterranea and the evolution of core cellular mechanisms Markus Alexander Grohme1*, Siegfried Schloissnig2*, Andrei Rozanski1, Martin Pippel2, George Robert Young3, Sylke Winkler1, Holger Brandl1, Ian Henry1, Andreas Dahl4, Sean Powell2, Michael Hiller1,5, Eugene Myers1 & Jochen Christian Rink1 The planarian Schmidtea mediterranea is an important model for stem cell research and regeneration, but adequate genome resources for this species have been lacking. Here we report a highly contiguous genome assembly of S. mediterranea, using long-read sequencing and a de novo assembler (MARVEL) enhanced for low-complexity reads. The S. mediterranea genome is highly polymorphic and repetitive, and harbours a novel class of giant retroelements. Furthermore, the genome assembly lacks a number of highly conserved genes, including critical components of the mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint, but planarians maintain checkpoint function. Our genome assembly provides a key model system resource that will be useful for studying regeneration and the evolutionary plasticity of core cell biological mechanisms. Rapid regeneration from tiny pieces of tissue makes planarians a prime De novo long read assembly of the planarian genome model system for regeneration. Abundant adult pluripotent stem cells, In preparation for genome sequencing, we inbred the sexual strain termed neoblasts, power regeneration and the continuous turnover of S. mediterranea (Fig. 1a) for more than 17 successive sib- mating of all cell types1–3, and transplantation of a single neoblast can rescue generations in the hope of decreasing heterozygosity. We also developed a lethally irradiated animal4. Planarians therefore also constitute a a new DNA isolation protocol that meets the purity and high molecular prime model system for stem cell pluripotency and its evolutionary weight requirements of PacBio long-read sequencing12 (Extended Data underpinnings5. -
Virus World As an Evolutionary Network of Viruses and Capsidless Selfish Elements
Virus World as an Evolutionary Network of Viruses and Capsidless Selfish Elements Koonin, E. V., & Dolja, V. V. (2014). Virus World as an Evolutionary Network of Viruses and Capsidless Selfish Elements. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, 78(2), 278-303. doi:10.1128/MMBR.00049-13 10.1128/MMBR.00049-13 American Society for Microbiology Version of Record http://cdss.library.oregonstate.edu/sa-termsofuse Virus World as an Evolutionary Network of Viruses and Capsidless Selfish Elements Eugene V. Koonin,a Valerian V. Doljab National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USAa; Department of Botany and Plant Pathology and Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USAb Downloaded from SUMMARY ..................................................................................................................................................278 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................278 PREVALENCE OF REPLICATION SYSTEM COMPONENTS COMPARED TO CAPSID PROTEINS AMONG VIRUS HALLMARK GENES.......................279 CLASSIFICATION OF VIRUSES BY REPLICATION-EXPRESSION STRATEGY: TYPICAL VIRUSES AND CAPSIDLESS FORMS ................................279 EVOLUTIONARY RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN VIRUSES AND CAPSIDLESS VIRUS-LIKE GENETIC ELEMENTS ..............................................280 Capsidless Derivatives of Positive-Strand RNA Viruses....................................................................................................280 -
The Future of Transposable Element Annotation and Their Classification in the Light of Functional Genomics
The future of transposable element annotation and their classification in the light of functional genomics -what we can learn from the fables of Jean de la Fontaine? Peter Arensburger, Benoit Piegu, Yves Bigot To cite this version: Peter Arensburger, Benoit Piegu, Yves Bigot. The future of transposable element annotation and their classification in the light of functional genomics - what we can learn from thefables of Jean de la Fontaine?. Mobile Genetic Elements, Taylor & Francis, 2016, 6 (6), pp.e1256852. 10.1080/2159256X.2016.1256852. hal-02385838 HAL Id: hal-02385838 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02385838 Submitted on 27 May 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Copyright The future of transposable element annotation and their classification in the light of functional genomics - what we can learn from the fables of Jean de la Fontaine? Peter Arensburger1, Benoît Piégu2, and Yves Bigot2 1 Biological Sciences Department, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, CA 91768 - United States of America. 2 Physiologie de la reproduction et des Comportements, UMR INRA-CNRS 7247, PRC, 37380 Nouzilly – France Corresponding author address: Biological Sciences Department, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, CA 91768 - United States of America. -
The Plasmid Mobilome of the Model Plant-Symbiont Sinorhizobium Meliloti
The Plasmid Mobilome of the Model Plant-Symbiont Sinorhizobium meliloti: Coming up With New Questions and Answers ANTONIO LAGARES,1 JUAN SANJUÁN,2 and MARIANO PISTORIO1 1IBBM, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, CONICET - Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, (1900) La Plata, Argentina; 2Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos. Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Granada, Spain ABSTRACT Rhizobia are Gram-negative Alpha- and the current article revises their main structural components, Betaproteobacteria living in the underground that have the their transfer and regulatory mechanisms, and their potential ability to associate with legumes for the establishment of as vehicles in shaping the evolution of the rhizobial genome. nitrogen-fixing symbioses. Sinorhizobium meliloti in particular—the symbiont of Medicago, Melilotus, and Trigonella spp.—has for the past decades served as a model organism for EXTRACHROMOSOMAL REPLICONS investigating, at the molecular level, the biology, biochemistry, IN S. MELILOTI: PLASMID CONTENT and genetics of a free-living and symbiotic soil bacterium of AND DIVERSITY agricultural relevance. To date, the genomes of seven different S. meliloti strains have been fully sequenced and annotated, Bacteria grouped within the Rhizobiaceae, Phyllobac- and several other draft genomic sequences are also available teriaceae, and Bradyrhizobiaceae families, collectively (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genome/genomes/1004). known as rhizobia, inhabit the soil under free-living The vast amount of plasmid DNA that S. meliloti frequently bears conditions and are associated in symbiosis with the root (up to 45% of its total genome), the conjugative ability of some of of legumes as nitrogen-fixing organisms. -
Downloaded from Based Exploration of Domains Can Be Visualized with the Domain Ggkbase.Berkeley.Edu/Hpae final/Organisms
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Recent Work Title Diverse ATPase Proteins in Mobilomes Constitute a Large Potential Sink for Prokaryotic Host ATP. Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1jg0q58v Authors Shim, Hyunjin Shivram, Haridha Lei, Shufei et al. Publication Date 2021 DOI 10.3389/fmicb.2021.691847 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California fmicb-12-691847 July 3, 2021 Time: 17:17 # 1 HYPOTHESIS AND THEORY published: 08 July 2021 doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.691847 Diverse ATPase Proteins in Mobilomes Constitute a Large Potential Sink for Prokaryotic Host ATP Hyunjin Shim1, Haridha Shivram2, Shufei Lei1, Jennifer A. Doudna2 and Jillian F. Banfield1,2,3,4,5,6* 1 Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States, 2 Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States, 3 Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States, 4 Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States, 5 Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, United States, 6 School of Earth Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia Prokaryote mobilome genomes rely on host machineries for survival and replication. Given that mobile genetic elements (MGEs) derive their energy from host cells, we Edited by: investigated the diversity of ATP-utilizing proteins in MGE genomes to determine Gee W. Lau, University of Illinois whether they might be associated with proteins that could suppress related host at Urbana-Champaign, United States proteins that consume energy. A comprehensive search of 353 huge phage genomes Reviewed by: revealed that up to 9% of the proteins have ATPase domains.