TDK RF Products Training Module for Mouser

Jan, 2011

RF Product Marketing TDK RF Overview Introduction to TDK RF Components and their applications

RF Product Marketing What is a BPF/LPF/Diplexer/Coupler/Balun?

0 -10 A device that passes frequencies within -20 BPF -30

-40 Frequency band A certain range and rejects (attenuates) A ttenuation -50

-60 un-wanted signals.

-70

-80 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 Frequency(M H z) S21

0

-10 -20 A device that allows signals below a -30

LPF -40 Frequency band A ttenuation -50 designated frequency to pass and

-60

-70 rejects the un-desired upper frequency

-80 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 Frequency(M H z) signals.

Diplexer A device that Routes two different frequencies from a common port (example: One antenna port can route 2.4GHz and 5GHz signals)

Coupler A device that is used to monitor a signal Without interrupting the signal. Coupler PA A device that converts between Balanced Balun Balun to Unbalanced electrical signals. RF Product Marketing What is a BPF? • A Band Pass Filter allows a desired frequency range to pass through while attenuating (rejecting) unwanted frequencies. For example a desired Cellular or WLAN frequency can be allowed to pass while rejecting other unwanted radio frequencies.

Operation Principal Reference characteristics A BPF circuit consists of Inductors and BPF capacitors built into Dielectric ceramic

creating a resonance frequency. This Pass band resonance frequency provides 0 attenuation at certain frequencies. -10 Attenuation Attenuation -20 (Lowband) (Highband) -30 -40

Gain[dB] -50 -60 -70 -80 1 1.4 1.8 2.2 2.6 3 Frequency[GHz] RF Product Marketing What is a LPF/HPF?

• A Low Pass Filter (LPF) allows signals below a pre-decided frequency to pass while rejecting signals above it. A High Pass Filter (HPF) is the opposite, it allow higher frequencies to pass while rejecting lower frequencies.

Operation Principal Reference characteristics A LPF/HPF consists of a circuit of Inductors (L) and capacitors (C) built into LPF HPF Dielectric ceramic. When the L and C’s are connected in parallel, the resulting 0 0 Attenuation range high impedance created rejects signals -10 (Unnecessary signal) -10 Attenuation range (Unnecessary signal) at the resonant frequency. When the L -20 -20 Pass band Pass band (Necessary signal) (Necessary signal)

and C’s are connected in serial, the -30 -30 Gain(dB)

resulting low impedance created allows Gain(dB) -40 signals to pass at the resonant frequency -40 range. These combinations of -50 -50 -60 -60 inductors and capacitors create the HPF 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 or LPF. Frequency(MHz) Frequency(MHz)

RF Product Marketing What is a Diplexer? • Diplexers are 3-port filters that divide two frequencies from a common port. A Typical application is a diplexer for WLAN, this diplexer receives the WLAN signal from the antenna port and directs the signal to either the High band (5GHz) or the Low band (2.4GHz). Reference characteristics Basic concept 0 -5 COMMON -10 (Antenna） -15 -20 Low band -25 -30 HPF LPF Gain[dB] -35 (BPF) (BPF) -40 Lowband (824-960MHz) -45 -50 400 800 1200 1600 2000 2400 Frequency[MHz] High Band Low Band 0 -5 -10 -15 High band -20 Operation Principal -25 -30 A diplexer is a combination of a LPF or BPF Gain[dB] -35 -40 Highband(1710-1990MHz) at the low band and a HPF or BPF at the high -45 -50 band. 400 800 1200 1600 2000 2400 Frequency[MHz] RF Product Marketing What is a Balun? • A balun transformer converts an unbalanced signal into a balanced signal or a balanced signal into an unbalanced signal. A balun can also provide an impedance matching function. In a WLAN system a balun is used on the transmit signal path between the RF-IC (Balanced signal) and the Power Amplifier (Unbalanced signal). The balun performs as a balanced to unbalanced signal transformer and an Impedance matching transformer.

Equivalent Circuit Operation Principal 4 Quarter Wave-length Magnetic coupling maximum Resonators A balun circuit is created by coupling two UNBALANCED Current maximum pairs of λ/4 resonators each with a unique INPUT operating frequency wavelength. A balanced

Electric field signal is produced by coupling resonators of Electric field maximum maximum equal size and its phase reversed 180 degrees. The impedance is adjusted by a An induced current An induced current combination of the pattern width and distance ＋ － within the balun. BALANCED OUTPUT RF Product Marketing What is a Coupler?

• Also known as a Directional Coupler. This device is used to monitor information on a signal (Ex. Frequency, power level) without interrupting the main system power path. In a WLAN system a coupler is sometimes used to monitor the output signal and control the PA output.

Equivalent Circuit The example of practical use Main current IN OUT

L1 (Pick up a part of PA) (Feedback to PA) C2 Detection, AGC Circuit C1 M (50ohm) L2 L2 (50ohm) MONITOR LOAD MONITOR Directional LOAD strengthen weaken Coupler PA OUT IN Operation Principal Tx Basically, a coupler function has a combination of two inductor and capacitors existing in near proximity that the power is coupled from one signal line to another. RF Product Marketing What is an antenna? • An Antenna is a component used for receiving or transmitting Electro- magnetic waves. An antenna converts an electrical current into an electron-magnetic wave or vice versa. An antenna radiates an electromagnetic field (wave) in response to applying a voltage and current. Each wavelength has a specific frequency and wavelength (the length of an electric wave). The wavelength is inverse proportion to the value of frequency. The size of an antenna is based on this wavelength. Usually an antenna is a ½ or ¼ wavelength. Antenna Radiation Patterns

RF Product Marketing RF Components for Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) • What is 802.11a/b/g/n

Range (Outdoor) Protocol Release Date Op. Freq. Data Rate Range (Indoor) *include one wall 802.11a 1999 5GHz 54Mbit/s - 35 meters - 120 meters

802.11b 1999 2.4GHz 11Mbit/s -38 meters -140 meters

802.11g 2003 2.4GHz 54Mbit/s -38 meters -140 meters 2.4GHz 802.11n 2009 248Mbit/s -70 meters -250 meters 5GHz

– 802.11a/b/g/n refer to the WLAN standards created by the IEEE (Institue of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.). These WLAN standards are used to create interoperable WLAN products. – The original WLAN products were 802.11b followed by 802.11a. – The most popular WLAN products today are 802.11g which use the same frequency (2.4GHz) and are backward compatible to 802.11b products. – 802.11n is the next proposed standard. This uses a Multiple Input/Multiple Output (MIMO) technology. 802.11n products can work in either 2.4GHz or 5GHz – TDK has components for use in 2.4GHz and 5GHz WLAN systems RF Product Marketing RF Components for WLAN

• Block Diagram (IEEE802.11a/b/g Dual Band)

Balanced BPF Example 2.4GHz LNA BPF Balun

ANT Rx Path Diplexer Balanced BPF ANT for WLAN LNA BPF Balun ANT 5 GHz SW Balanced BPF RF IC 2.4GHz PA BPF Balun

Diplexer Tx Path Balanced BPF

PA BPF Balun 5 GHz

RF Product Marketing TDK RF Components for Bluetooth • Bluetooth Block diagram

Balanced impedance can Example 1 be optimized to match the Bluetooth IC

ANT

Balun TX Transceiver BASE BAND BPF ANT SW IC IC Balun RX

Example 2 Balanced impedance can be optimized to match the Bluetooth IC ANT

Balanced BPF Switch

BPF Balun Transceiver Base band RF Product Marketing TDK RF Components for WiMAX

• WiMAX Block diagram (Dualband)

Example 3.5G Rx Rx BPF LNA Balun

Diplexer Receive

Rx BPF LNA Balun 2.5G Rx

Balanced BPF RF-IC

3.5G Tx Tx BPF PA Tx BPF Balun

Diplexer Transmit

Tx BPF PA Tx BPF Balun 2.5G Tx

Balanced BPF RF Product Marketing TDK RF Components for UWB • UWB Block diagram

Example 1 Example 2

Crystal Crystal

Balun A/D A/D

T / R Filter Balun

Transceiver Filter T / R Baseband Transceiver Baseband

Balun

D/A T / R Filter Balun D/A

Caps and Inductors Caps and Inductors

RF Product Marketing TDK RF Components

RF Product Marketing TDK RF Overview • Why is TDK manufacturing RF components? – TDK has been instrumental in the development of RF technologies for over 15 years. TDK RF components use the same Low Temperature Co- fired Ceramic (LTCC) technology used in our ceramic capacitors and inductors. TDK RF components are designed to meet critical real- world applications from leading RF IC manufacturers.

RF Product Marketing Why Use TDK Components ? • Miniature Size – As Wireless systems continue to be used in more and more applications, the need for smaller RF components increases. TDK’s continuous materials development allows us to design smaller RF components without sacrificing performance and quality. • TDK RF components are developed for specific IC’s & applications – TDK works with Industry leading RF IC manufacturers to create RF components for use in WLAN, WiMAX, Bluetooth and UWB systems.

RF Product Marketing Global Presence : World-Wide Technical Support

TDK R&D Corporation TDK Corporation Phoenix, USA Tokyo, Japan TDK Maintains RF Design centers in Japan, Ireland and the US. These design centers are located close to our customers and partners to provide direct and close communications.

TDK Electronics Ireland TDK RF Solutions Dublin, Ireland Austin, USA RF Product Marketing Summary • TDK RF Components are designed for use in various wireless technologies. TDK products provide the performance, size and cost targets to meet your RF product requirements. For more information please contact:

• Contacts • TDK Website Links – http://www.tdk.co.jp/tefe02/rf_network.htm • Links to Mouser’s TDK Parts List

RF Product Marketing