Personality in Wild Juvenile Lemon Sharks: Consistency, Behavioral Syndrome and Ontogeny
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Sharks for the Aquarium and Considerations for Their Selection1 Alexis L
FA179 Sharks for the Aquarium and Considerations for Their Selection1 Alexis L. Morris, Elisa J. Livengood, and Frank A. Chapman2 Introduction The Lore of the Shark Sharks are magnificent animals and an exciting group Though it has been some 35 years since the shark in Steven of fishes. As a group, sharks, rays, and skates belong to Spielberg’s Jaws bit into its first unsuspecting ocean swim- the biological taxonomic class called Chondrichthyes, or mer and despite the fact that the risk of shark-bite is very cartilaginous fishes (elasmobranchs). The entire supporting small, fear of sharks still makes some people afraid to swim structure of these fish is composed primarily of cartilage in the ocean. (The chance of being struck by lightning is rather than bone. There are some 400 described species of greater than the chance of shark attack.) The most en- sharks, which come in all different sizes from the 40-foot- grained shark image that comes to a person’s mind is a giant long whale shark (Rhincodon typus) to the 2-foot-long conical snout lined with multiple rows of teeth efficient at marble catshark (Atelomycterus macleayi). tearing, chomping, or crushing prey, and those lifeless and staring eyes. The very adaptations that make sharks such Although sharks have been kept in public aquariums successful predators also make some people unnecessarily since the 1860s, advances in marine aquarium systems frightened of them. This is unfortunate, since sharks are technology and increased understanding of shark biology interesting creatures and much more than ill-perceived and husbandry now allow hobbyists to maintain and enjoy mindless eating machines. -
The Use of Personality Assessments in Designing Environmental Enrichment for Garnett's Bushbabies (Otolemur Garnettii)
The University of Southern Mississippi The Aquila Digital Community Dissertations Summer 8-2008 The Use of Personality Assessments in Designing Environmental Enrichment for Garnett's Bushbabies (Otolemur garnettii) Lauren Elizabeth Highfill University of Southern Mississippi Follow this and additional works at: https://aquila.usm.edu/dissertations Part of the Biological Psychology Commons, and the Experimental Analysis of Behavior Commons Recommended Citation Highfill, Lauren Elizabeth, "The Use of Personality Assessments in Designing Environmental Enrichment for Garnett's Bushbabies (Otolemur garnettii)" (2008). Dissertations. 1143. https://aquila.usm.edu/dissertations/1143 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by The Aquila Digital Community. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of The Aquila Digital Community. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The University of Southern Mississippi THE USE OF PERSONALITY ASSESSMENTS IN DESIGNING ENVIRONMENTAL ENRICHMENT FOR GARNETT'S BUSHBABIES (OTOLEMUR GARNETTII) by Lauren Elizabeth Highfill A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Studies Office of The University of Southern Mississippi in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Approved: August 2008 COPYRIGHT BY LAUREN ELIZABETH HIGHFILL AUGUST 2008 The University of Southern Mississippi THE USE OF PERSONALITY ASSESSMENTS IN DESIGNING ENVIRONMENTAL ENRICHMENT FOR GARNETT'S BUSHBABIES (OTOLEMUR GARNETTII) by Lauren -
Individual Differences and Animal Personality
Individual Differences 67 2007 Volume 2, pp 67-78 Individual Differences and Animal Personality Charles Locurto College of the Holy Cross The study of personality in animals has attracted considerable empirical attention beginning with Pavlov’s identification of personality types in dogs. Subsequent work has revealed a number of similarities in personality between humans and nonhu- man animals. A number of personality traits that are typically identified in studies of human personality, including aspects of neuroticism and extraversion, have also been isolated in studies of animal personality, predominantly in studies of nonhuman primates. Even traits that might appear to be uniquely human such as conscientiousness and psychopathy have nonhuman parallels. Moreover, a number of personality traits in humans that have distinctive neurobiological signatures, particularly aspects of neuroticism, are identifiable in nonhuman primates. These similarities include low basal serotonin levels and elevated cortisol levels in response to stress. It is argued that the inclusion of personality assessments in studies of compara- tive cognition will identify sources of variance that affect cognitive functioning, and will identify mutual influences between personality and cognition. In my present thinking there is no question about Two aspects of this review of animal personality stud- the reality of chimpanzee mind, individuality, per- ies deserve mention at the outset. The first is a definitional sonality. If you dislike psychological terms, it is point: Personality is often distinguished from temperament. your privilege to substitute whatever symbol seems The study of temperament originated in observations of more fitting. I ask only that you acquaint yourself children in which consistent behavioral styles could often with the essential features of anthropoid behavior be identified at an early age (Clarke & Boinski, 1995). -
Database of Bibliography of Living/Fossil
www.shark-references.com Version 16.01.2018 Bibliography database of living/fossil sharks, rays and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes: Elasmobranchii, Holocephali) Papers of the year 2017 published by Jürgen Pollerspöck, Benediktinerring 34, 94569 Stephansposching, Germany and Nicolas Straube, Munich, Germany ISSN: 2195-6499 DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.32409.72801 copyright by the authors 1 please inform us about missing papers: [email protected] www.shark-references.com Version 16.01.2018 Abstract: This paper contains a collection of 817 citations (no conference abstracts) on topics related to extant and extinct Chondrichthyes (sharks, rays, and chimaeras) as well as a list of Chondrichthyan species and hosted parasites newly described in 2017. The list is the result of regular queries in numerous journals, books and online publications. It provides a complete list of publication citations as well as a database report containing rearranged subsets of the list sorted by the keyword statistics, extant and extinct genera and species descriptions from the years 2000 to 2017, list of descriptions of extinct and extant species from 2017, parasitology, reproduction, distribution, diet, conservation, and taxonomy. The paper is intended to be consulted for information. In addition, we provide data information on the geographic and depth distribution of newly described species, i.e. the type specimens from the years 1990 to 2017 in a hot spot analysis. New in this year's POTY is the subheader "biodiversity" comprising a complete list of all valid chimaeriform, selachian and batoid species, as well as a list of the top 20 most researched chondrichthyan species. Please note that the content of this paper has been compiled to the best of our abilities based on current knowledge and practice, however, possible errors cannot entirely be excluded. -
Development, Stability, and Consequences of Personality in the Juvenile Red Squirrel by Amanda D
Development, Stability, and Consequences of Personality in the Juvenile Red Squirrel By Amanda D. Kelley A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science In Ecology Department of Biological Sciences University of Alberta ©Amanda Kelley, 2014 1 ABSTRACT Animal personality – defined as consistent differences in behaviour among individuals – is a growing field in behavioural ecology due to its demonstrated effects on fitness. However, the ontogeny of personality under natural conditions remains relatively unexplored. In this thesis, I examine the development, stability, and consequences of juvenile personality in the North American red squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus). I demonstrate that 1) conditions in early life – particularly sibling relations – influence juvenile personality, 2) both aggression and activity change from juvenile to yearling stages, but activity maintains rank stability, 3) juveniles that gain territories early in the season do not experience a decrease in syndrome deviation, and 4) both dispersal activity and territory acquisition are influenced by juvenile aggression. These results suggest that environmental effects are important in shaping juvenile personality, and personality in turn influences a juvenile’s ability to meet the challenges associated with natal dispersal. ii PREFACE Some of the research conducted for this thesis forms part of a research collaboration (The Kluane Red Squirrel Project), led by Stan Boutin at the University of Alberta, Andrew McAdam at the University of Guelph, and Murray Humphries at McGill University. Data from 2005 used in Chapter 4 were collected by Mark Andruskiuw and Adi Boon as part of their individual research projects. All analyses, literature review, and writing in all chapters are my original work. -
SHARKS an Inquiry Into Biology, Behavior, Fisheries, and Use DATE
$10.00 SHARKS An Inquiry into Biology, Behavior, Fisheries, and Use DATE. Proceedings of the Conference Portland, Oregon USA / October 13-15,1985 OF OUT IS information: PUBLICATIONcurrent most THIS For EM 8330http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog / March 1987 . OREGON STATG UNIVERSITY ^^ GXTENSION S€RVIC€ SHARKS An Inquiry into Biology, Behavior, Fisheries, and Use Proceedings of a Conference Portland, Oregon USA / October 13-15,1985 DATE. Edited by Sid Cook OF Scientist, Argus-Mariner Consulting Scientists OUT Conference Sponsors University of Alaska Sea Grant MarineIS Advisory Program University of Hawaii Sea Grant Extension Service Oregon State University Extension/Sea Grant Program University of Southern California Sea Grant Program University of Washington Sea Grant Marine Advisory Program West Coast Fisheries Development Foundation Argus-Mariner Consulting Scientistsinformation: PUBLICATIONcurrent EM 8330 / March 1987 most THISOregon State University Extension Service For http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction, Howard Horton 1 Why, Are We Talking About Sharks? Bob Schoning 3 Shark Biology The Importance of Sharks in Marine Biological Communities Jose Castro.. 11 Estimating Growth and Age in Sharks Gregor Cailliet 19 Telemetering Techniques for Determining Movement Patterns in SharksDATE. abstract Donald Nelson 29 Human Impacts on Shark Populations Thomas Thorson OF 31 Shark Behavior Understanding Shark Behavior Arthur MyrbergOUT 41 The Significance of Sharks in Human Psychology Jon Magnuson 85 Pacific Coast Shark Attacks: What is theIS Danger? abstract Robert Lea... 95 The Forensic Study of Shark Attacks Sid Cook 97 Sharks and the Media Steve Boyer 119 Recent Advances in Protecting People from Dangerous Sharks abstract Bernard Zahuranec information: 127 Shark Fisheries and Utilization U.S. -
Immunobiology of the SHARK Frontispiece a Shark Bleed
Immunobiology of the SHARK Frontispiece A shark bleed. 1. Netting a captive shark from the sea water channel. 2. Shark in anesthe tizing tank. 3. Bleeding the anesthetized shark. 4. Blood withdrawn from the caudal sinus. 5. Recovered shark ready to return to the water. 6. Shark back in the channel. (Photographs courtesy of the Smith Collection.) Immunobiology of the SHARK EDITED BY Sylvia L. Smith Department of Biological Sciences Florida International University Robert B. Sim Department of Pharmacology University of Oxford Martin F. Flajnik Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Maryland at Baltimore Boca Raton London New York CRC Press is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business Front cover: Image of nurse shark. Photo copyright Max Telford. Used with permission. All rights reserved. CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2015 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works Printed on acid-free paper Version Date: 20141015 International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4665-9574-3 (Hardback) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the valid- ity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. -
Leigh SC, Papastamatiou Y, and DP German. 2017. the Nutritional
Rev Fish Biol Fisheries (2017) 27:561–585 DOI 10.1007/s11160-017-9481-2 REVIEWS The nutritional physiology of sharks Samantha C. Leigh . Yannis Papastamatiou . Donovan P. German Received: 28 December 2016 / Accepted: 9 May 2017 / Published online: 25 May 2017 Ó Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2017 Abstract Sharks compose one of the most diverse Keywords Digestive efficiency Á Digestive and abundant groups of consumers in the ocean. biochemistry Á Gastrointestinal tract Á Microbiome Á Consumption and digestion are essential processes for Spiral intestine Á Stable isotopes obtaining nutrients and energy necessary to meet a broad and variable range of metabolic demands. Despite years of studying prey capture behavior and Introduction feeding habits of sharks, there has been little explo- ration into the nutritional physiology of these animals. Sharks make up one of the most abundant and diverse To fully understand the physiology of the digestive groups of consumers in the ocean (Fig. 1, Compagno tract, it is critical to consider multiple facets, including 2008). They may play an important ecological role in the evolution of the system, feeding mechanisms, energy fluxes in marine environments and in impact- digestive morphology, digestive strategies, digestive ing the biodiversity of lower trophic levels that we biochemistry, and gastrointestinal microbiomes. In depend on as a food and economic resource (e.g., each of these categories, we make comparisons to Wetherbee et al. 1990; Corte´s et al. 2008). However, what is currently known about teleost nutritional beyond prey capture methods and dietary analyses, the physiology, as well as what methodology is used, and nutritional physiology of sharks is woefully under- describe how similar techniques can be used in shark studied. -
Interpreting the Blue Sharks at Underwater World
Interpreting the Blue Sharks at Underwater World Essay by Ryder W. Miller San Francisco, California, USA ..................................... October 2nd, 1998: It was an exciting night at Underwater World, one filled with surprise and elation. There was a special, special treat: the surprise arrival of the Blue Shark. The sleek animal made its way around the open water tank, negotiating the long, narrow and crowded space. It was more beautiful than the other sharks in the tank, with gorgeous shiny blue skin on top and pure white skin underneath. The first was joined by a second six days later. At the time, they were the only Blue Sharks on display in the country. As an interpreter/naturalist at Underwater W orld in California (now called the Monterey Bay Aquarium), I had heard rumors that a Blue Shark was to be introduced, but I gave up on those hopes when I was discouraged by others in the husbandry department, some of whom said it was not possible and would n't happen. The husbandry staff acquires the fish, and they are the fish doctors. They also clean the tanks and feed the fish. The interpretive/naturalist staff at the aquarium help the visitors appreciates and understands the fish and the exhibit. Sometimes the husbandry staff surprises the naturalists with an introduction into the tanks, which keeps the naturalists excited about going to work each day. A shark in captivity provides an opportunity to work for marine conservation, but there are potential problems as the public may have difficulty seeing animals in captivity. Interpreters at aquariums and zoos have to be prepared to explain the rationale for why an animal is kept in captivity. -
DOCTORAL THESIS the Behavioural Ecology of Personality in Wild Barbary Macaques Tkaczynski, Patrick
DOCTORAL THESIS The Behavioural Ecology of Personality in Wild Barbary Macaques Tkaczynski, Patrick Award date: 2017 General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 07. Oct. 2021 The Behavioural Ecology of Personality in Wild Barbary Macaques By Patrick John Tkaczynski BSc (Hons), MRes A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of PhD Department of Life Sciences University of Roehampton 2016 1 2 “A personality is the product of a clash between two opposing forces: the urge to create a life of one's own and the insistence by the world around us that we conform.” Hermann Hesse Soul of the Age: Selected Letters, 1891-1962 3 Abstract Personality, that is intra-individual consistency and inter-individual variation in behaviour, is widespread throughout the animal kingdom. This challenges traditional evolutionary assumptions that selection should favour behavioural flexibility, and that variation in behavioural strategies reflects stochastic variation around a single optimal behavioural strategy. -
3. List of Species by Major Fishing Areas
click for previous page 210 FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes No. 1 3. LIST OF SPECIES BY MAJOR FISHING AREAS p GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION a Major Areas for Statistical Purposes Species g Fresh 18 21 27 31 34 37 41 47 48 51 57 58 61 67 71 77 81 87 88 e water ARC WNA ENA WCA ECA MED WSA ESA ANC WIO EIO ANE WNP ENP WCP ECP WSP ESP ANW Alopias pelagicus 81 · ·· · ···· Alopias superciliosus 83 ······· ·· · · · ·· Alopias vulpinus 86 ·········· ··· · ·· Brachaelurus waddi 145 ··· Carcharias taurus 58 ······· ·· · · · Carcharodon carcharias 100 ········ ·· ··· · ·· Cetorhinus maximus 91 ········ · ··· · ·· Chiloscyllium arabicum 167 · Chiloscyllium burmensis 168 · Chiloscyllium griseum 169 ·· · · Chiloscyllium hasselti 171 ··· Chiloscyllium indicum 172 ·· · · Chiloscyllium plagiosum 173 ·· · · Chiloscyllium punctatum 175 ·· · · Cirrhoscyllium expolitum 133 ·· Cirrhoscyllium formosanum 134 · Cirrhoscyllium japonicum 135 · Eucrossorhinus dasypogon 151 ·· Ginglymostoma cirratum 192 ······ · · Hemiscyllium freycineti 179 · Hemiscyllium hallstromi 180 · Hemiscyllium ocellatum 181 ··· Hemiscyllium strahani 182 · Hemiscyllium trispeculare 183 ·· Heterodontus francisci 36 ·· Heterodontus galeatus 38 ··· Heterodontus japonicus 39 · Heterodontus mexicanus 41 · Heterodontus portusjacksoni 42 ··· Heterodontus quoyi 45 · Heterodontus ramalheira 46 · Heterodontus sp. A 49 · Heterodontus zebra 48 ··· Heteroscyllium colcloughi 147 · Isurus oxyrinchus 109 ······· ·· ··· · ·· Isurus paucus 115 ······· ·· · · · · Lamna ditropis 119 ···· Lamna nasus 121 -
Personality in Chimpanzees (Pan Troglodytes): Exploring the Hierarchical Structure and Associations with the Vasopressin V1A Receptor Gene Robert D
Personality in Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes): Exploring the Hierarchical Structure and Associations with the Vasopressin V1A Receptor Gene Robert D. Latzman, Georgia State University William D. Hopkins, Georgia State University Alaine C. Keebaugh, Emory University Larry Young, Emory University Journal Title: PLoS ONE Volume: Volume 9, Number 4 Publisher: Public Library of Science | 2014-04-21, Pages e95741-e95741 Type of Work: Article | Final Publisher PDF Publisher DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095741 Permanent URL: https://pid.emory.edu/ark:/25593/s5vc7 Final published version: http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0095741 Copyright information: © 2014 Latzman et al. This is an Open Access work distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Accessed October 2, 2021 8:19 AM EDT Personality in Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes): Exploring the Hierarchical Structure and Associations with the Vasopressin V1A Receptor Gene Robert D. Latzman1*, William D. Hopkins2,3, Alaine C. Keebaugh4, Larry J. Young4 1 Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America, 2 Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America, 3 Division of Developmental and Cognitive Neuroscience, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America, 4 Center for Translational Social Neuroscience, Division of Behavioral Neuroscience and Psychiatric Disorders, Yerkes National Primate Research Center & Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America Abstract One of the major contributions of recent personality psychology is the finding that traits are related to each other in an organized hierarchy.