Freenas® 11.2-RC2 User Guide
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FreeNAS® 11.2-RC2 User Guide November 2018 Edition FreeNAS® is © 2011-2018 iXsystems FreeNAS® and the FreeNAS® logo are registered trademarks of iXsystems FreeBSD® is a registered trademark of the FreeBSD Foundation Written by users of the FreeNAS® network-attached storage operating system. Version 11.2 Copyright © 2011-2018 iXsystems (https://www.ixsystems.com/) CONTENTS Welcome .............................................................. 8 Typographic Conventions ..................................................... 10 1 Introduction 11 1.1 New Features in 11.2 .................................................... 11 1.2 Path and Name Lengths .................................................. 14 1.3 Hardware Recommendations ............................................... 15 1.3.1 RAM ......................................................... 15 1.3.2 The Operating System Device ........................................... 16 1.3.3 Storage Disks and Controllers ........................................... 16 1.3.4 Network Interfaces ................................................. 17 1.4 Getting Started with ZFS .................................................. 18 2 Installing and Upgrading 19 2.1 Getting FreeNAS® ...................................................... 19 2.2 Preparing the Media .................................................... 19 2.2.1 On FreeBSD or Linux ................................................ 20 2.2.2 On Windows .................................................... 20 2.2.3 On macOS ...................................................... 20 2.3 Performing the Installation ................................................. 21 2.4 Installation Troubleshooting ................................................ 29 2.5 Upgrading .......................................................... 30 2.5.1 Caveats ....................................................... 30 2.5.2 Initial Preparation ................................................. 30 2.5.3 Upgrading Using the ISO .............................................. 31 2.5.4 Upgrading From the Web Interface ........................................ 33 2.5.5 If Something Goes Wrong ............................................. 33 2.5.6 Upgrading a ZFS Pool ............................................... 35 2.6 Virtualization ......................................................... 37 2.6.1 VirtualBox ...................................................... 37 2.6.2 VMware ESXi .................................................... 48 3 Booting 55 3.1 Obtaining an IP Address .................................................. 56 3.2 Logging In .......................................................... 57 4 Settings 59 4.1 Edit root Account ...................................................... 59 4.2 Change Password ...................................................... 59 4.3 Preferences ......................................................... 59 4.3.1 Web Interface Preferences ............................................ 59 4.3.2 Themes ....................................................... 60 4.3.2.1 Theme Selector .............................................. 60 4.3.2.2 Create New Themes ............................................ 61 3 4.4 About ............................................................. 63 4.5 Legacy Web Interface .................................................... 63 5 Accounts 64 5.1 Groups ............................................................ 64 5.2 Users ............................................................. 67 6 System 71 6.1 General ............................................................ 71 6.2 NTP Servers ......................................................... 73 6.3 Boot Environments ..................................................... 75 6.3.1 Mirroring the Boot Device ............................................. 78 6.4 Advanced ........................................................... 79 6.4.1 Autotune ...................................................... 81 6.4.2 Self-Encrypting Drives ............................................... 81 6.5 Email ............................................................. 83 6.6 System Dataset ....................................................... 84 6.7 Alert Services ........................................................ 85 6.8 Alert Settings ......................................................... 87 6.9 Cloud Credentials ...................................................... 88 6.10 Tunables ........................................................... 91 6.11 Update ............................................................ 94 6.11.1 Preparing for Updates ............................................... 94 6.11.2 Updates and Trains ................................................ 94 6.11.3 Checking for Updates ............................................... 95 6.11.4 Saving the Configuration File ........................................... 96 6.11.5 Applying Updates .................................................. 97 6.11.6 Manual Updates .................................................. 97 6.12 CAs .............................................................. 97 6.13 Certificates .......................................................... 101 6.14 Support ............................................................ 106 7 Tasks 108 7.1 Cron Jobs ........................................................... 108 7.2 Init/Shutdown Scripts .................................................... 110 7.3 Rsync Tasks ......................................................... 111 7.3.1 Rsync Module Mode ................................................ 113 7.3.2 Rsync over SSH Mode ............................................... 114 7.4 S.M.A.R.T. Tests ....................................................... 116 7.5 Periodic Snapshot Tasks .................................................. 118 7.6 Replication Tasks ...................................................... 120 7.6.1 Examples: Common Configuration ........................................ 120 7.6.1.1 Alpha (Source) ............................................... 120 7.6.1.2 Beta (Destination) ............................................. 121 7.6.2 Example: FreeNAS® to FreeNAS® Semi-Automatic Setup ........................... 121 7.6.3 Example: FreeNAS® to FreeNAS® Dedicated User Replication ........................ 124 7.6.4 Example: FreeNAS® to FreeNAS® or Other Systems, Manual Setup ..................... 125 7.6.4.1 Encryption Keys .............................................. 126 7.6.5 Replication Options ................................................ 128 7.6.6 Replication Encryption ............................................... 130 7.6.7 Limiting Replication Times ............................................. 130 7.6.8 Troubleshooting Replication ........................................... 130 7.6.8.1 SSH ..................................................... 131 7.6.8.2 Compression ................................................ 131 7.6.8.3 Manual Testing ............................................... 131 7.7 Resilver Priority ....................................................... 131 7.8 Scrub Tasks ......................................................... 132 7.9 Cloud Sync Tasks ...................................................... 134 7.9.1 Cloud Sync Example ................................................ 137 8 Network 140 8.1 Global Configuration .................................................... 140 8.2 Interfaces .......................................................... 142 8.3 IPMI .............................................................. 144 8.4 Link Aggregations ...................................................... 146 8.4.1 LACP, MPIO, NFS, and ESXi ............................................ 146 8.4.2 Creating a Link Aggregation ............................................ 147 8.4.3 Link Aggregation Options ............................................. 150 8.5 Static Routes ......................................................... 151 8.6 VLANs ............................................................. 152 9 Storage 154 9.1 Pools ............................................................. 154 9.1.1 Creating Pools ................................................... 154 9.1.2 Managing Encrypted Pools ............................................ 157 9.1.3 Adding Cache or Log Devices ........................................... 160 9.1.4 Removing Cache or Log Devices ......................................... 160 9.1.5 Adding Spare Devices ............................................... 160 9.1.6 Extending a Pool .................................................. 161 9.1.7 Detaching a Pool .................................................. 161 9.1.8 Importing a Pool .................................................. 163 9.1.9 Viewing Pool Scrub Status ............................................. 165 9.1.10 Adding Datasets .................................................. 166 9.1.10.1 Deduplication ............................................... 168 9.1.10.2 Compression ................................................ 168 9.1.11 Adding Zvols .................................................... 169 9.1.12 Setting Permissions ................................................ 170 9.1.13 View Multipaths ................................................... 172 9.2 Snapshots .......................................................... 172 9.2.1 Browsing a Snapshot Collection ........................................