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Manipulating Light-Matter Interactions in Two Dimensional Semiconductors Coupled with Plasmonic Lattices

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Manipulating Light-Matter Interactions in Two Dimensional Semiconductors Coupled with Plasmonic Lattices University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2017 Manipulating Light-Matter Interactions In Two Dimensional Semiconductors Coupled With Plasmonic Lattices Wenjing Liu University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the Condensed Matter Physics Commons, and the Optics Commons Recommended Citation Liu, Wenjing, "Manipulating Light-Matter Interactions In Two Dimensional Semiconductors Coupled With Plasmonic Lattices" (2017). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 2431. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/2431 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/2431 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Manipulating Light-Matter Interactions In Two Dimensional Semiconductors Coupled With Plasmonic Lattices Abstract Understanding and tailoring light-matter interactions is critical to many fields, offering valuable insights into the nature of materials, as well as allowing a variety of applications such as detectors, sensors, switches, modulators, and lasers. While reducing the optical mode volume is critical to enhancing the light-matter interaction strength, plasmonic systems, with their extraordinary ability to confine the light far below the diffraction limit of light, provide intriguing platforms in boosting the light-matter interactions at nanoscale. On the other hand, atomically thin semiconductors such as few-layered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), a recently discovered class of materials, exhibit unique optical properties such as large exciton binding energies, tightly-bond trion excitations, and valley-spin locking, allowing the observations of interesting photonic and electronic phenomena including strong photon-exciton coupling, valley Zeeman and valley optical Stark effect, valley Hall effect, and spin light emitting, hence serve as great candidates to study light-matter interactions in two dimensional systems. In this thesis, combining the two intriguing optical and material systems, we study light-matter interactions between 2D semiconductors and 2D plasmonic lattices, due to their compatibility with 2D semiconductors as well as strong and highly tunable plasmonic resonances. We investigated exciton- plasmon coupling by integrating MoS2 with plasmonic lattices of various geometrical designs and observed rich phenomena in different coupling regimes. We will first present a detailed study of observing exciton-plasmon coupling in weak, intermediate and strong coupling regimes via different plasmonic lattice design. We’ve demonstrated large Purcell enhancement in weak coupling regime, and Fano resonances in intermediate coupling regime, and exciton-plasmon polariton formation in strong coupling regime. After that, we will discuss active tuning of the coupling strengths all the way across the weak and strong coupling regime via electrical gating. Finally, we will demonstrate chiral exciton-plasmon coupling by designing chiral plasmonic lattices. Degree Type Dissertation Degree Name Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Graduate Group Materials Science & Engineering First Advisor Ritesh Agarwal Keywords 2D semiconductors, exciton-plasmon coupling, light-matter interaction, plasmonic lattices, Plasmonics, polariton Subject Categories Condensed Matter Physics | Optics | Physics This dissertation is available at ScholarlyCommons: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/2431 MANIPULATING LIGHT-MATTER INTERACTIONS IN TWO-DIMENSIONAL SEMICONDUCTORS COUPLED WITH PLASMONIC LATTICES Wenjing Liu A DISSERTATION in Material Science and Engineering Presented to the Faculties of the University of Pennsylvania in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy 2017 Supervisor of Dissertation _____________________ Ritesh Agarwal Professor, Material Science and Engineering (MSE) Graduate Group Chairperson _____________________ David J. Srolovitz, Joseph Bordogna Professor, MSE/MEAM Dissertation Committee Nader Engheta, H. Nedwill Ramsey Professor, ESE/BE/PHY/MSE Cherie R. Kagan, Stephen J. Angello Professor, ESE/MSE/Chemistry Jay Kikkawa, Professor, Physics and Astronomy MANIPULATING LIGHT-MATTER INTERACTIONS IN TWO-DIMENSIONAL SEMICONDUCTORS COUPLED WITH PLASMONIC LATTICES COPYRIGHT 2017 Wenjing Liu This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ Acknowledgement First of all, I’d like to thank my advisor, Prof. Ritesh Agarwal, who took me from the masters’ program, support me and guide me for my research. I had the most splendid five years working in his group, and none of these works would have been possible without him. I really appreciate the helps from my committee members (past and present), Prof. Engheta, Prof. Kagan, Prof. Cubukcu, and Prof. Kikkawa, whose insights and suggestions had a significant impact on this thesis. I’d like to thank Dr. Mingliang Ren and Dr. Liaoxin Sun, who helped me a lot from the very beginning of my PhD study, taught me to do research and trained me on optical measurements. I’ve learnt so much from them, both academically and otherwise. I would give my heartful thanks to Dr. Bumsu Lee and Dr. Joohee Park, my past groupmates and two of the main collaborators of this thesis. They’ve brought the whole research field of the 2D material and 2D plasmonics into the group and it would be impossible for me to accomplish this thesis without their hard work, great help and inspiration. I’d also thank Carl H. Naylor and Prof. A.T. Charlie Johnson, my collaborators of MoS2 monolayer sample growth, for growing MoS2 samples with excellent optical and electrical properties. iii I’d like to thank all my group mates and classmates, past and present, Sajal, Ee, Brian, Chris, Carlos, Pavan, Rahul, Jacob, Daksh, Stephanie, Gerui, Zhurun, and Jian. Thank you for your accompanies and helps during these years. Finally, I would give my special thanks to my family, my parents and my husband. Thank you for supporting me pursuing my PhD degree in every way. I love you all. iv Abstract Manipulating light-matter interactions in two-dimensional semiconductors coupled with plasmonic lattices Wenjing Liu Ritesh Agarwal Understanding and tailoring light-matter interactions is critical to many fields, offering valuable insights into the nature of materials, as well as allowing a variety of applications such as detectors, sensors, switches, modulators, and lasers. While reducing the optical mode volume is critical to enhancing the light-matter interaction strength, plasmonic systems, with their extraordinary ability to confine the light far below the diffraction limit of light, provide intriguing platforms in boosting the light- matter interactions at nanoscale. On the other hand, atomically thin semiconductors such as few-layered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), a recently discovered class of materials, exhibit unique optical properties such as large exciton binding energies, tightly-bond trion excitations, and valley-spin locking, allowing the observations of interesting photonic and electronic phenomena including strong photon-exciton coupling, valley Zeeman and valley optical Stark effect, valley Hall effect, and spin light emitting, hence serve as great candidates to study light-matter interactions in two dimensional systems. v In this thesis, combining the two intriguing optical and material systems, we study light-matter interactions between 2D semiconductors and 2D plasmonic lattices, due to their compatibility with 2D semiconductors as well as strong and highly tunable plasmonic resonances. We investigated exciton-plasmon coupling by integrating MoS2 with plasmonic lattices of various geometrical designs and observed rich phenomena in different coupling regimes. We will first present a detailed study of observing exciton-plasmon coupling in weak, intermediate and strong coupling regimes via different plasmonic lattice design. We’ve demonstrated large Purcell enhancement in weak coupling regime, and Fano resonances in intermediate coupling regime, and exciton-plasmon polariton formation in strong coupling regime. After that, we will discuss active tuning of the coupling strengths all the way across the weak and strong coupling regime via electrical gating. Finally, we will demonstrate chiral exciton-plasmon coupling by designing chiral plasmonic lattices. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract ................................................................................................................................................................... v List of Tables......................................................................................................................................................... xi List of Illustrations .............................................................................................................................................. xii Chapter 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Light-matter interactions in nanocavities .................................................................................. 1 1.1.1 Weak coupling regime: Purcell enhancement ............................................................. 1 1.1.2 Strong coupling regime and formation of exciton-polaritons .............................
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