conference on human factors in computing systems

San Jose, California, USA April 28–May 3, 2007

Conference Program 2007 Conference at a Glance 2007 Conference at a Glance

Course 1 Course 2 Course 3 Course 4 Intro to HCI — 18:00—21:30 Intro to CSCW — 18:00—21:30 HCI History — 18:00—19:30 Drawing Ideas — 18:00—21:30 San Jose Ballroom IV San Jose Ballroom III Room A3 Room A4 & A5 SUN

CIVIC A1 A2 A3 A4 & A5 A8 B1—B4 C2 AUDITORIUM 8:30– Opening Plenary: Bill Moggridge — Reaching for the Intuitive 10:30 CHI MADNESS Interactive SIG Papers Papers Papers Experience Papers: Interactivity Session Beyond Usability: Faces & Bodies in Attention & Capturing Life Reports Large Displays Shake, Rattle, and 11:30– Usability from the Social, Situational, Interaction Interruption Experiences On the Move Roll: New Forms of 13:00 CIO’s Perspective Cultural, & Input and Output Contextual Factors

Interactive Papers Papers Papers Papers Papers SIG Papers Session Ubicomp Tools Mobile Interaction Politics & Activism Navigation & Medical Challenges in Task & Attention 14:30– Who Killed Design? Interaction International 16:00 Usability MONDAY

Interactive Papers Papers Papers Papers Experience Papers ALT.CHI Session Expert/Novice Mobile Navigation Photo Sharing Reports Empirical Studies Evaluating 16:30– Taking CHI for a Applications Qualitative of Web Interaction Evaluation 18:00 Drive Research Methods

9:00– Social Impact Award: Gary Marsden — Doing HCI Differently — Stories from the Developing World 10:30 CHI Madness Interactive SIG Papers Papers Papers Experience Papers Interactivity Session Sustainability & Gaze & Eye Online Innovative Reports Programming by Play & Exercise 11:30– “Get Real!” What’s Interaction Tracking Representation Interactions Usability Professionals 13:00 Wrong with HCI of Self Prototyping & How Can We Fix It?

Interactive Experience Papers Papers Papers Papers Papers ALT.CHI Session Reports Tangibility Design Theory Web Usability Empirical Models Mobile Interaction Re-Thinking 14:30– Moving UX Into Education & Techniques I Humans, Computers, 16:00 a Position of Culture Interaction, and

TUESDAY Corporate Influence Design

Interactive Papers Papers Papers Papers Papers Papers SIG Session Tasks Emergency Action Design Methods Mobile Interaction Home Spirituality Games Capturing 16:30– Along the Path Techniques II Longitudinal 18:00 of Pervasive Usability Computing

9:00– Lifetime Achievement Award: Jim Foley — Past, Present, and Future of HCC Education: What We Teach, How We Teach 10:30 CHI MADNESS Interactive Papers Papers Papers Papers Competition Papers Interactivity Session Video Security Emotion & Collaboration at Student Design Tags, Tagging, & Adaptation & 11:30– Web 2.0 & the Empathy Work Competition Notetaking Augmentation 13:00 Enterprise

Interactive Papers Papers Papers Papers Experience Papers ALT.CHI Session Multimodal Distributed Learning & Designing for Reports Mobile Kits & Stuff Life on Mars: 14:30– Industrial Design Interactions Interaction Education Specific Cultures Development HCI in Space, 16:00 Process Cyberspace, and Beyond WEDNESDAY Interactive Papers Papers Papers Papers Experience Papers Competition Session Novel Navigation People, Looking at Input Techniques Location Aware Reports Social Network Student Research 16:30– Semantic Web HCI People Systems Ethnography Sharing Competition 18:00

8:30– CHI MADNESS 9:00 Interactive Papers Papers Papers Papers Experience Papers SIG Session Augmentation, Distributed Usability Kids & Family Reports Alternative Current Issues in 9:00– Recommendations Automation, & Coordination Management Interaction Assessing & 10:30 on Agents Improving Recommendations Information Usability Social Impact Papers Papers Papers Papers Experience Interactive Interactive Award Usability Programming By & Trust & Models of Mobile Reports Session Session 11:30– Gregory D. Abowd Evaluation With End-Users Engagement Interaction Research-ish The I in CHI User Interface 13:00 Using Computing Description Technologies Languages: XUL & to Face Autism XAML

THURSDAY Papers Papers Papers SIG SIG Interactive ALT.CHI Color/Blind Social Influence Learning UXD Business Technologies for Session Ideas Lab: 14:30– Models Autism Toward a Less Inspirations, 16:00 WIMPy Web Innovations, and Insights

16:30– Closing Plenary: Niti Bhan — The Mobile as a Post-Industrial Platform for Socio-Economic Development 18:00 2007 Co nference at a Glance 2007 Co nference at a Glance SUN SPECIAL EVENT: Networking Gathering 17:30-20:00 Concourse

ALMADEN ALMADEN C4 A6 A7 C3 COMMONS SPECIAL EVENTS BALLROOM I BALLROOM II

8:30– Conference Newcomers’ 10:30 Reception & Orientation 10:30—11:30 SIG Course 12 Course 9 Course 7 Course 5 Course 6 Exhibits Grand Civic Auditorium Online Health Usability Process How to Collect Collaborative Personal Usability Opening 11:30– Communities Improvement— Field Data & Behavior and Information and Product 18:30—22:00 13:00 ISO Standards Produce a Tested Supporting Management Development Spotlight on Design in 1-8 Technologies in Theory and Doctoral Weeks Practice Consortium, MONDAY Workshop, & SIG Course 13 Course 10 Competition Usability and An Introduction Top Field Interview Posters 14:30– Free/Libre/Open to Human-Robot Mistakes: (#1–60) 16:00 Source Software Interaction Recognizing and 10:30—11:30 Design and Preventing Them Concourse Evaluation SIG Course 11 Course 8 Let’s Get After the Where Usability 16:30– Emotional: Interviews: Meets Desirability: 18:00 Emotion Research Making Sense of Visual Design with in HCI Fieldwork Data Personas & Goals

9:00– Course 21 Course 19 Course 16 Course 14 Course 15 Exhibits, Spotlight on 10:30 Web Usability Information Design of Spatial Card Sorting & Understanding Interactivity, & Work-in-Progress for Assistive Foraging Theory Applications Cluster Analysis Users in Context: Info Booth Posters SIG Technology for Information An In-Depth 10:30–18:00 Beyond Usability (#61–104) Architecture Introduction to for Safety Critical 10:30—11:30 11:30– Design Fieldwork Concourse 13:00 Systems

Job Fair TUESDAY 18:00—20:00 SIG Course 22 Course 17 Course 20 Commons Trust 2.1 Rapid Prototyping An Introduction Building Affinity 14:30– Advancing the & Evaluation with to Designing Diagrams to 16:00 Trust Debate Web Mashups for the Scent of Reveal User Information Needs & Engage Developers SIG Course 18 End User Software Designing for 16:30– Engineering the Scent of 18:00 Information: Advanced Concepts

9:00– Course 28 Course 26 Course 31 Course 23 Course 24 Exhibits, Spotlight on 10:30 Ajax – Design & Faceted Metadata Expert Reviews – Analyzing Understanding Interactivity, & Work-in-Progress Usability for Information For Experts Qualitative Data Mobile Interaction Info Booth Posters SIG Architecture & From Field Studies Design 10:30—18:00 (#105-156) Engineering Search 10:30—11:30 11:30– Community Concourse WEDNESDAY 13:00 SIGCHI Member Meeting SIG Course 32 Course 27 Course 29 Course 25 18:10—19:30 Research Avoiding “We Can’t Empirical How to Build Rich Doing Mobile B1–B4 14:30– Community Change THAT!” Research Personas from Interaction Design 16:00 Methods for Field Data Hospitality Events Human Computer 18:30—20:30 Interaction Marriott Hotel, Fairmont Hotel SIG Course 33 Course 30 Design Community Avoiding “We Usability Testing: 20:30—22:30 16:30– Can’t Do THAT Creating Good Test Tech Museum 18:00 Either!” Tasks

8:30– Exhibits, Spotlight on 9:00 Interactivity, & Work-in-Progress SIG Course 39 Course 41 Course 37 Course 34 Course 35 Info Booth Posters Evaluating Advanced Data Keeping the Web The Top 5 The Persona Principles of 10:30—14:30 (People’s Choice) 9:00– Experience- Collection & in Web 2.0: An HCI Universal Design Lifecycle Interaction Design 10:30—11:30 10:30 Focused HCI Analysis Tools for Approach to Problems & Ways Concourse HCI Research & Designing Web to Solve Them Usability Applications (1/2) Anniversary Party THURSDAY 18:00—19:00 SIG Course 42 Concourse Education Keeping the Web 11:30– Community SIG in Web 2.0: An HCI 13:00 Approach to Designing Web Applications (2/2)

SIG Course 40 Course 38 Course 36 Usability Ensuring the Usability Interaction Design 14:30– Community SIG Usability of Testing: Usable Studio 16:00 Systems that Communication Adapt to Their Techniques Users 16:30– 18:00 WelcomeWeekday -from Morning the Chairs| 11:30—13:00

Welcome to CHI 2007!

CHI is the premier international conference on human-computer interaction (HCI). This year we gather to celebrate our 25th anniversary: reflecting on all that we have accomplished in the past quarter century, while reaching beyond to the challenges and opportunities of the next.

CHI 2007 builds on many of the innovations introduced at CHI 2006 in Montréal. The main conference program again takes place over four days; courses are scheduled in parallel with other program sessions; the conference reception is situated in the exhibit hall; and each day includes a CHI Madness preview. In keeping with the “Reach Beyond” theme you’ll find considerable variety in program content. We focused particularly on expanding the coverage of course offerings to meet the many interests of our communities: design, education, engineering, management, research, and usability. Committee members have also organized a number of invited interactive sessions to appeal to different communities.

You will see a few changes as well. We have closely integrated the interactivity program with the exhibits and will feature these hands-on demos along with the exhibits during the reception on Monday night. We’ll also highlight some of the most interesting content from interactivity exhibits during the “I in CHI” session later on in the week. Work-in-Progress will be on display in the Concourse, as an informal complement to the technical sessions held in meeting rooms. Be sure to cast your vote for the poster(s) you find most interesting, so that we can recognize these “People’s Choice” projects on Thursday. For the first time, we are hosting an ACM Student Research Competition, an event that complements the CHI Student Design Competition, with a focus on individual student research projects. Also for the first time we have arranged for presentations by three SIGCHI 2007 award winners.

Because 2007 is CHI’s 25th anniversary, you will encounter many activities that are aimed at evoking and sharing our community’s memories and accomplishments from over the years. Look for ribbons, stickers, and other indications of attendees’ involvement in past CHIs. Admire the photo essay designed by Ken Korman, drawing from the large set of photos that Ben Shneiderman has taken over the years. Contribute to the participatory CHI timeline project with your own memories, artifacts, or comments. Come to the 25th anniversary party after the closing plenary!

San Jose as the location for CHI’s 25th anniversary is especially fitting, given the substantial contributions that HCI researchers and practitioners from the Silicon Valley have made over the years. Get outside to explore the area using the maps and other information we’ve included here, or that you can obtain from student volunteers or local attendees. Schedule lunches and dinners with old and new friends at area restaurants. Visit the Tech Museum and other local attractions. And for those of you who will be here an extra day (and have signed up in advance), check out the lab tours that area companies are offering on Friday. As always at CHI, there is much to do, much to see, much to learn.

Enjoy! Mary Beth Rosson David Gilmore Conference Chair Technical Program Chair

 | Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Table of Contents

2 Welcome from the Chairs 23 SIGCHI 2007 Awards 3 Table of Contents 23 Lifetime Achievement Award 4 Conference Committee 23 CHI Academy 5 Sponsors 24 Lifetime Service Award 24 Social Impact Award 15 General Information 25 Past Honorees 15 ACM SIGCHI 26 Best of CHI Awards 15 Membership Information 30 Sunday Courses 15 CHI 2007 Overview 15 Pre-Conference | Saturday & Sunday 31 Monday 15 Doctoral Consortium 31 Day at a Glance 15 Workshops 32 Opening Plenary 16 Technical Program | Monday — Thursday 33 Mid-Morning 16 Choosing Sessions 37 Afternoon 16 Leaving Sessions 40 Late Afternoon 16 Session Types 44 Courses 17 Special Events 17 Network Gathering 17 Newcomers’ Orientation 47 TUESday 17 Conference Reception & Exhibits Grand Opening 47 Day at a Glance 18 Job Fair 48 Morning 18 ACM SICGHI Member Meeting 49 Mid-Morning 18 Hospitality Events 53 Afternoon 18 Anniversary Party 57 Late Afternoon 19 Venue Information 60 Courses 19 Internet Access 19 CHI Buzz (chibuzz.ist.psu.edu) 65 WEDNESday 19 Registration 19 The Commons 65 Day at a Glance 19 Coffee Breaks 66 Morning 19 The CHI Merchandise Desk 67 Mid-Morning 20 The CHI Information Booth 70 Afternoon 20 Student Volunteers 74 Late Afternoon 20 International Relations 77 Courses 20 Lunch with a Local 20 Recruiting Boards 81 THURSDAY 20 Speaker Ready Room 81 Day at a Glance 20 Press Office 82 Morning 21 CHI 2007 Policies 86 Mid-Morning 21 Cell Phone Courtesy 89 Afternoon 21 Name Badges 92 Closing Plenary 21 Blogging and Photosharing 93 Courses 21 Recording Prohibited 21 Smoking Policy 97 Posters / Exhibits 21 Alcoholic Beverages 21 Accompanying Persons 97 Doctoral Consortium 21 Electrical Power 97 Student Design Competition 22 Miscellaneous Services 98 Student Research Competition 22 ATMs 99 Workshops 22 Business Services 100 Work-in-Progress 22 First Aid / Emergencies 105 Exhibits 22 Lost And Found 22 San Jose Visitors’ Bureau 22 Special Needs 111 Index 22 Starbucks 22 San Jose, California 22 City Transportation Maps 22 VTA Light Rail Commons Posters / Exhibits Tab 22 Airport Flyer Convention Center Inside Back Cover 22 Taxis San Jose Outside Back Cover

CHI 2007 | San Jose, California, USA |  Conference Committee

■ Management ■ Community Chairs Conference Chair Design Co-Chairs Mary Beth Rosson, The Pennsylvania State University, USA Jon Kolko, Savannah College of Art and Design, USA Technical Program Chair Bill Lucas, MAYA Design, USA David Gilmore, Intel, USA Education Co-Chairs Conference Chair’s Administrator Scott Berkun, Scott Berkun Consulting, USA Helena M. Mentis, The Pennsylvania State University, USA Charles van der Mast, Delft University of Technology, the Netherlands Communications Chair Marta Rey-Babarro, University of , USA Engineering Co-Chairs Alan Blackwell, Cambridge University, UK ACM SIGCHI Program Coordinator John ‘Scooter’ Morris, University of California, Brooke Hardy, ACM, USA San Francisco, USA ACM SIGCHI Vice Chair for Conferences Management Co-Chairs Dennis Wixon, Microsoft, USA Scott Berkun, Scott Berkun Consulting, USA Jeremy Ashley, Oracle, USA Research Chair ■ Technical Program David Gilmore, Intel, USA Papers Co-Chairs Usability Co-Chairs James ‘Bo’ Begole, PARC, USA Carol Righi, Perficient, USA Stephen Payne, University of Manchester, UK Janice James, Perficient, USA Notes Co-Chairs Elizabeth F. Churchill, Yahoo!, USA Rob St. Amant, North Carolina State University, USA ■ Participation and Volunteering Chairs Workshops Co-Chairs Mentoring Co-Chairs Margaret Burnett, Oregon State University, USA Michael J. Muller, IBM, USA J. J. Cadiz, Microsoft, USA Kumiyo Nakakoji, University of Tokyo & SRA-KTL Inc., Japan Courses Co-Chairs Student Volunteer Co-Chairs Jean Scholtz, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, USA Cliff Lampe, Michigan State University, USA Susan Palmiter, Design Technologies, Inc., USA Kirstie Hawkey, , Interactivity Co-Chairs CHI Madness Co-Chairs Lars Erik Holmquist, Swedish Institute of Patrick Baudisch, Microsoft, USA Computer Science, Sweden Gonzalo Ramos, , Canada Tom Igoe, ITP, NYU, USA Work-in-Progress Co-Chairs Catalina Danis, IBM, USA ■ Operations Scott McCrickard, Virginia Polytechnic Institute Sponsors & Exhibits Coordinator and State University, USA Carol Klyver, Foundations of Excellence, USA Doctoral Consortium Co-Chairs Logistics Deborah Tatar, Virginia Polytechnic Institute Janeé Pelletier, Conference & Logistics Consultants, USA and State University, USA Tom Rodden, University of Nottingham, UK Technology Liaison John ‘Scooter’ Morris, University of California, Student Design Competition San Francisco, USA Steven A. Wall, University of Glasgow, UK Ilona Posner, Usability Consultant, Canada Reviewing Software James Stewart, Precision Conference Solutions, Canada Student Research Competition Kori M. Inkpen, Dalhousie University, Canada Registration Robert C. Miller, MIT, USA Deb Bartlett, Executive Events, USA Yvonne Lopez, Executive Events, USA ALT.CHI Co-Chairs Lars Erik Holmquist, Swedish Institute of Computer Science, e-Publications Coordinator Sweden Joshua B. Gross, The Pennsylvania State University, USA Barry Brown, University of Glasgow, UK Online Community Designer Best of CHI Awards Chair Dejin Zhao, The Pennsylvania State University, USA Wendy A. Kellogg, IBM, USA Print Publications Co-Chairs Lana Krolikowski, Ford Motor Company, USA Kathy Seyama, Qualcomm Inc., USA Local Arrangements Chair Jennifer Gove, Google, USA

 | Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Sponsors

CHI Hero

CHI Champions

CHI Contributors

CHI 2007 | San Jose, California, USA |  SCAD (n.) see Interaction Design.

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TechSmith®

MORAE® 2 USABILITY RE-IMAGINED Google is looking for engineers with great aspirations.

If you’ve ever imagined being able to use your talent, education and skills to benefit millions of people around the world, Google might be the place for you. We’re looking for the brightest minds in engineering at all levels of experience. One of our goals is to create the most inspiring work environment on the planet – a place where you can dream big and make things happen. If you’d like to be a part of that, we’d love to hear from you. Stop by booth #R21, and check out our current openings at www.google.com/jobs/chi

Be sure to swing by the Google party on May 2, 2007, at the Tech Museum from 7:00 – 11:00pm for some fabulous food and drinks and fun Google swag!

©2007 Google Inc .All rights reserved. Google and the Google logo are registered trademarks of Google Inc. Great Careers at

Contact us at [email protected] Interaction design is not guesswork.

From the people who brought you personas and GOAL-DIRECTED® design comes About Face The Essentials of Interaction Design3 Alan Cooper Robert Reimann and David Cronin

Meet the authors at our book party on Wednesday night (6:30 to 8:30) in the Willow Glen suite at the Marriott.

is completely updated volume presents the eective and practical tools you need to design great desktop applications, Web 2.0 sites and mobile devices. is book will teach you the principles of good product behavior and introduce you to Cooper's Goal-Directed® Design method, from conducting user research to dening your product's interaction using www.cooper.com | booth G personas and scenarios. In short, About Face 3 will show you how to design the best possible digital products and services.

Available May, 2007 Published by Wiley ISBN: 978-0-470-08411-3 New books from The MIT Press Acting The Laws with Technology of Simplicity Activity Theory John Maeda and Interaction Design “A clear and incisive guide for mak- Victor Kaptelinin and Bonnie A. Nardi ing simplicity the paramount feature of our products; it’s also a road map for “With elegance and clarity, Acting with constructing a more meaningful world.” Technology outlines a theoretical perspec- — Andrea Ragnetti, Board of Management, tive that helps interaction design meet its Royal Philips Electronics future. . . .essential reading in an age when 176 pp., 30 illus. $20 cloth computers and software have long since escaped the confi nes of individual users and workstations.” — Sampsa Hyysalo, University of Helsinki Designing Acting with Technology series 344 pp., 17 illus. $35 cloth Interactions Bill Moggridge “This will be the book—the book that sum- Beyond the Desktop marizes how the technology of interaction came into being and prescribes how it will Metaphor advance in the future. Essential, exciting, Designing Integrated Digital and a delight for both eyes and mind.” — Don Norman, Nielsen Norman Group Work Environments and Northwestern University, author of edited by Victor Kaptelinin Emotional Design and Mary Czerwinski 816 pp., 700 illus., color thourghout Leading developers and researchers report $39.95 cloth and DVD on what the next generation of digital work environments may look like, analyzing the theory and practice of designing “out of the box” to facilitate multitasking, collabora- Web Campaigning tion, and multiple technologies. Kirsten A. Foot and Steven M. Schneider 400 pp., 65 illus. $35 cloth foreword by Michael Cornfi eld “Foot and Schenider’s meticulous inter- rogation of Web artifacts provides valuable insights into the character of electoral Designing with Blends campaigns on the Internet. It will be of in- Conceptual Foundations of terest to scholars and practitioners alike.” Human-Computer Interaction — Pablo J. Boczkowski, Northwestern and Software Engineering University and author of Digitizing the News Acting with Techonlogy series Manuel Imaz and David Benyon 272 pp. $27.50 paper “An excellent and detailed demonstration of the ways in which cognitive science now in paperback provides new tools for software design.” — Mark Turner, Case Western Reserve University Wired for Speech 224 pp., 70 illus. $35 cloth How Voice Activates and Advances the now in paperback Human-Computer Relationship Clifford Nass and Scott Brave Thoughtful “I found Wired for Speech absolutely fasci- nating, full of amazing insights.” Interaction Design — Robert MacNeil, former cohost, MacNeil- A Design Perspective Lehrer NewsHour, coauthor, Do You Speak on Information Technology American? 296 pp., 1 illus. $17.95 paper Jonas Löwgren and Erik Stolterman “A fi ne introduction to thinking about and within a design process, and would no doubt relieve the minds of many designers http://mitpress.mit.edu who worry they might be doing it wrong.” Available in fi ne bookstores everywhere, or call 800-405-1619. — Networker 240 pp., 17 illus. $20 paper

Visit our booth for a 20% discount Notes

CHI 2007 | San Jose, California, USA | 13 Notes

14 | Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Acknowledgements Information General CHI conferences only exist due to the hard work of thousands of people, especially those who review the numerous submissions we receive. On these tabs, we’d like to acknowledge the contributions of the CHI 2007 submissions reviewers; various committees that worked with venue chairs to coordinate their respective portions of the program; and those who served as mentors for new submitters.

CHI 2007 appreciates your contribution to the conference and to the field of HCI. 

■ Papers Associate Chairs Brian Amento, AT&T, USA Alan Blackwell, University of Cambridge, UK Anne Anderson, University of Dundee, UK Morgan Ames, Stanford University, USA Ann Blandford, University College London, UK Paul Aoki, Intel, USA Einat Amitay, IBM, Israel Eli Blevis, Indiana University, USA Brian Bailey, University of Illinois, USA Tue Andersen, University of Copenhagen, Denmark Jeanette Blomberg, IBM, USA Jakob Bardram, University of Aarhus, Denmark Richard J Anderson, University of Washington, USA Sara Bly, Sara Bly Consulting, USA Patrick Baudisch, Microsoft, USA Anne Anderson, University of Dundee, UK Susanne Bodker, University of Aarhus, Denmark Rachel Bellamy, IBM, USA Alissa Antle, Simon Fraser University, Canada Shawn Bohner, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State Ann Blandford, University College London, UK Pedro Antunes, University of Lisboa, Portugal University, USA Stephen Brewster, University of Glasgow, UK Paul Aoki, Intel, USA Agnieszka Bojko, User Centric, Inc., USA Pamela Briggs, Northumbria University, UK Ernesto Arroyo, MIT, USA Kellogg Booth, University of British Columbia, Canada John Canny, Univeristy of California, Berkeley, USA Brent Auernheimer, California State University, Fresno, Jan Borchers, RWTH Aachen University, Germany Stuart Card, PARC, USA USA Katy Borner, Indiana University, USA John Carroll, The Pennsylvania State University, USA Anne Aula, Tampere University of Techonlogy, Finland Gaetano Borriello, University of Washington, USA Maria Francesca Costabile, Univerisity Bari, Italy Daniel Avrahami, Carnegie Mellon University, USA Claus Bossen, University of Aarhus, Denmark Edward Cutrell, Microsoft, USA Jeff Axup, University of Queensland, Australia Dominic Bouwhuis, Eindhoven University of Technology, Mary Czerwinski, Microsoft, USA Tamara Babaian, Bentley College, USA the Netherlands , Carnegie Mellon University, USA Paula Bach, The Pennsylvania State University, USA Doug Bowman, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State Keith Edwards, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA Maribeth Back, USA University, USA Steven Feiner, Columbia University, USA Ronald Baecker, University of Toronto, Canada Danah Boyd, University of California, Berkeley, USA Jodi Forlizzi, Carnegie Mellon University, USA Jeremy Bailenson, Stanford University, USA Erin Bradner, University of California, Irvine, USA Susan Fussell, Carnegie Mellon University, USA Brian Bailey, University of Illinois, USA Susan Brennan, Stoney Brook, SUNY, USA Carl Gutwin, University of , Canada Lynne Baillie, Forschungszentrum Telekommunikation Stephen Brewster, University of Glasgow, UK Beverly Harrison, Intel, USA Wien, Austria Pamela Briggs, Northumbria University, UK Steven Harrison, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and Ryan Baker, University of Nottingham, UK Derek Brock, Naval Research Laboratory, USA State University, USA Ravin Balakrishnan, University of Toronto, Canada Christina Brodersen, University of Aarhus, Denmark Anthony Hornof, University of Oregon, USA Sandrine Balbo, The University of Melbourne, Australia Lorna Brown, Microsoft, UK Andrew Howes, University of Manchester, UK Jakob Bardram, University of Aarhus, Denmark Barry Brown, University of Glasgow, UK Scott Hudson, Carnegie Mellon University, USA Jeffrey Bardzell, Indiana University, USA Georgina Browne, Microsoft, UK Kori Inkpen, Dalhousie University, Canada Shaowen Bardzell, Indiana University, USA Amy Bruckman, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA Robert Jacob, Tufts University, USA Louise Barkhuus, University of Glasgow, UK Duncan Brumby, Drexel University, USA Wendy Kellogg, IBM, USA Bill Barnert, Tufts Uiniversity, USA A.J. Brush, Microsoft, USA Sara Kiesler, Carnegie Mellon University, USA Armando Barreto, Florida International University, USA Nick Bryan-Kinns, Queen Mary College, University of Scott Klemmer, Stanford University, USA Christoph Bartneck, Eindhoven University of London, UK Boriana Koleva, University of Nottingham, UK Technology, the Netherlands Mike Brzozowski, Hewlett-Packard, USA David McDonald, University of Washington, USA John Barton, IBM, USA Raluca Budiu, PARC, USA Joanna McGrenere, University of Brisith Columbia, Lyn Bartram, Simon Fraser University, Canada Stephanie Buisine, LCPI-ENSAM, France Canada Sumit Basu, Microsoft, USA Andrea Bunt, University of British Columbia, Canada Bonnie Nardi, University of California, Irvine, USA Steven Bathiche, Microsoft, USA Jamika Burge, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State Kenton O’Hara, Hewlett-Packard, UK Katja Battarbee, University of Art and Design, Helsinki, University, USA Claire O’Malley, University of Nottingham, UK Finland Moira Burke, Carnegie Mellon University, USA Yvonne Rogers, Open University, UK Thomas Baudel, ILOG, France Gary Burnett, University of Nottingham, UK mc schraefel, University of Southampton, UK Patrick Baudisch, Microsoft, USA Daniela Busse, SAP, USA Abigail Sellen, Microsoft, UK Konrad Baumann, FH Joanneum School of Information Kirsten Butcher, University of Pittsburgh, USA Chia Shen, Mitsubishi Electric Research Labs, USA Design, Austria William Buxton, Buxton Design, Canada Ian Smith, Intel, USA Russell Beale, University of Birmingham, UK JJ Cadiz, Microsoft, USA John Stasko, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA Michel Beaudouin-Lafon, Université Paris-Sud, France Paul Cairns, University College London, UK Alistair Sutcliffe, University of Manchester, UK Kent Beck, Three Rivers Institute, USA Licia Calvi, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium John Tang, IBM, USA Andrew Begel, Microsoft, USA John Canny, University of California, Berkeley, USA Deborah Tatar, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State James “Bo” Begole, PARC, USA Xiang Cao, University of Toronto, Canada University, USA Wolfgang Beinhauer, Fraunhofer Institute for Industrial Stuart Card, PARC, USA John Thomas, IBM , USA Engineering, Germany Andy Carle, University of California, Berkeley, USA Michael Twidale, University of Illinois, USA Marek Bell, University of Glasgow, UK Alex Carmichael, University of Dundee, UK Gina Venolia, Microsoft, USA Blaine Bell, Schrodinger, USA Stefan Carmien, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA Leon Watts, University of Bath, UK Rachel Bellamy, IBM, USA Sheelagh Carpendale, , Canada Terry Winograd, Stanford University, USA Peter Benda, The University of Melbourne, Australia Luis Carriço, University of Lisbon, Portugal Allison Woodruff, Intel, USA Steve Benford, University of Nottingham, UK John Carroll, The Pennsylvania State University, USA Shumin Zhai, IBM, USA Hrvoje Benko, Columbia University, USA Justine Cassell, Northwestern University, USA John Zimmerman, Carnegie Mellon University, USA David Benyon, Napier University, UK Anxo Cereijo Roibas, University of Brighton, UK Regina Bernhaupt, Salzburg University, Austria Ann-Marie Chadwick-Dias, Fidelity Investments, USA ■ Papers Reviewers Nadia Berthouze, University College London, UK Matthew Chalmers, University of Glasgow, UK Gregory Abowd, , USA Katie Bessiere, Carnegie Mellon University, USA Michele Chang, Intel, USA Mark Ackerman, University of Michigan, USA Nigel Bevan, Profesional Usability Services, UK Angela Chang, MIT, USA Piotr Adamczyk, University of Illinois, Urbana- Anastasia Bezerianos, University of Toronto, Canada Olivier Chapuis, Laboratoire de Recherche en Champaign, USA Suresh Bhavnani, University of Michigan, USA Informatique, France Maneesh Agrawala, Microsoft, USA Timothy Bickmore, Northeastern University, USA Mousumi Chatterjee, Mobius Management Systems, David Ahlstroem, University of Klagenfurt, Austria Jacob Biehl, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, USA Ryan Aipperspach, Intel, USA USA Dr Jarinee Chattratichart, Kingston University, UK David Akers, Stanford University, USA Tora Bikson, RAND, USA Mike Chen, Intel, USA Fahim Akhter, Zayed University, United Arab Emirates Matt Billings, Univeristy of Bath, UK Lynn Cherny, Adobe, USA Jennifer Allanson, Independent, UK Jeremy Birnholtz, University of Toronto, Canada Keith Cheverst, Lancaster University, UK Meghan Allen, University of British Columbia, Canada Staffan Björk, Interactive Institute, Sweden Ed Chi, PARC, USA Nancy Alvarado, California State Polytechnic Marilyn Blackmon, University of Colorado, USA Mark Chignell, University of Toronto, Canada University, Pomona, USA

CONTINUES ON BACK Acknowledgements CONTINUED

Papers Reviewers – continued Henry Been-Lirn Duh, Nanyang Technological Evan Golub, University of Maryland, USA University, Singapore Victor Gonzalez, University of Manchester, UK Luca Chittaro, University of Udine, Italy Lynne Dunckley, Thames Valley University, UK Monica Gonzalez Veron, Carnegie Mellon University, Jan Chong, Stanford University, USA Anthony Dunne, Royal College of Art, UK USA Konstantinos Chorianopoulos, Bauhaus University of Keith Edwards, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA Lance Good, PARC, USA Weimar, Germany Kate Ehrlich, IBM, USA Kim Goodwin, Cooper, USA Georgios Christou, Cyprus College, Cyprus Rana El Kaliouby, University of Cambridge, UK Dina Goren-Bar, Ben-Gurion University, Israel Yu Shan Chuang, Yahoo!, USA Ame Elliott, PARC, USA Dorian Gorgan, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Elizabeth Churchill, PARC, USA Dan Ellis, Columbia Univesity, USA Romania Luigina Ciolfi,University of Limerick, Ireland Jason Ellis, IBM, USA Peter Gorny, University of Oldenburg, Germany Siobhan Clarke, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland Niklas Elmqvist, INRIA Futurs, France Jeremy Gow, University College London, UK Andy Cockburn, University of Canterbury, New Zealand David England, Liverpool John Moores University, UK Denis Gracanin, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State Gilbert Cockton, University of Sunderland, UK Deniz Erdogmus, Oregon Health and Science University, University, USA Mike Cohen, Google, USA USA Peter Graf, University of British Columbia, Canada Katherine Connelly, Indiana University, USA Thomas Erickson, IBM, USA Andrina Granic, University of Split, Croatia Frederick Conrad, University of Michigan, USA Mattias Esbjörnsson, Mobility, The Interactive Institute, Rego Granlund, Linköping University, Sweden Sunny Consolvo, Intel, USA Sweden Wayne Gray, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, USA Gregorio Convertino, The Pennsylvania State Shelley Evenson, Carnegie Mellon University, USA Paul Green, University of Michigan Transportation University, USA Katherine Everitt, University of Washington, USA Research Institute, USA Dan Cosley, University of Minnesota, USA Rod Farmer, The University of Melbourne, Australia Saul Greenberg, University of Calgary, Canada Maria Francesca Costabile, University of Bari, Italy Shelly Farnham, Microsoft, USA Dan Grigorovici, The Pennsylvania State University, Tim Coughlan, University of Bath, UK Umer Farooq, The Pennsylvania State University, USA USA Scott Counts, Microsoft, USA Robert Farrell, IBM, USA Andrea Grimes, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA Lynne Coventry, NCR, UK J. Shawn Farris, Atlantic Human Factors, USA Georges G. Grinstein, University of Massachusetts, Andy Crabtree, University of Nottingham, UK Steven Feiner, Columbia University, USA Lowell, USA Lorrie Cranor, Carnegie Mellon University, USA Jean-Daniel Fekete, INRIA, France Rebecca Grinter, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA Andrew Crossan, University of Glasgow, UK Sue Fenley, Reading University, UK Kaj Gronbak, University of Aarhus, Denmark Abe Crystal, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Bob Fields, Middlesex University, UK Joshua Gross, The Pennsylvania State University, USA USA Leah Findlater, University of British Columbia, Canada Ben Gross, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, James Cunningham, AT&T, USA Thomas Finholt, University of Michigan, USA USA Douglas Cunningham, University of Tübingen, Germany Glenn Fink, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory,USA Mark Gross, Carnegie Mellon University, USA William Curtis-Davidson, IBM, USA Janet Finlay, Leeds Metropolitan University, UK Tom Gross, Bauhaus-University Weimar, Germany Paul Curzon, Queen Mary College, University of London, Andrew Fiore, University of California, Berkeley, USA Tovi Grossman, University of Toronto, Canada UK Brian Fisher, University of British Columbia, Canada Jonathan Grudin, Microsoft, USA Edward Cutrell, Microsoft, USA Danyel Fisher, Microsoft, USA Zhiwei Guan, University of Washington, Seattle, USA Allen Cypher, IBM, USA George Fitzmaurice, Autodesk, Canada Catherine Guastavino, McGill University, Canada Sara Czaja, , USA Geraldine Fitzpatrick, University of Sussex, UK Agnes Guerraz, INRIA, France Mary Czerwinski, Microsoft, USA Morten Fjeld, Chalmers University of Technology, Yves GUIARD, CNRS & U2 Marseille France, France Laura Dabbish, Carnegie Mellon University, USA Sweden Francois Guimbretiere, University of Maryland, USA Owen Daly-Jones, Serco Usability Services, UK James Fogarty, University of Washington, USA Anuj Gujar, DARTdevices Corporation, USA Ben Daniel, University of Saskatchewan, Canada Andrew Fogg, UK Carl Gutwin, University of Saskatchewan, Canada Catalina Danis, IBM, USA Eelke Folmer, University of Nevada, Reno, USA Jonna Häkkilä, Nokia, Finland Francoise Darses, CNAM, Paris, France Clifton Forlines, Mitsubishi Electric Research Michael Haller, Upper Austria University of Applied Scott Davidoff, Carnegie Mellon University, USA Laboratories, USA Sciences, Austria Richard Davis, University of California, Berkeley, USA Jodi Forlizzi, Carnegie Mellon University, USA John Halloran, Coventry University, UK Antonella De Angeli, University of Manchester Institute Andrea Forte, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA Tim Halverson, University of Oregon, USA of Science and Technology, UK Brooke Foucault, Northwestern University, USA Christine Halverson, IBM, USA Oscar de Bruijn, University of Manchester, UK Katie Fraser, University of Nottingham, UK Tracy Hammond, Texas A&M University, USA Nadja De Carolis, University of Bari, Italy Mike Fraser, University of Bristol, UK Kari Hamnes, Telenor R&D, Norway Wim De Pauw, IBM, USA Adrian Friday, Lancaster University, UK Jeff Hancock, Cornell University, USA Cleidson de Souza, Universidade Federal do Pará, Brazil Batya Friedman, University of Washington, USA John Paulin Hansen, University of Copenhagen, David Dearman, University of Toronto, Canada Bernd Froehlich, Bauhaus-Universität Weimar, Germany Denmark Uri Dekel, Carnegie Mellon University, USA Jon Froehlich, University of Washington, USA Richard Harper, Microsoft, UK Leonidas Deligiannidis, , USA Peter Fröhlich, Telecommunications Research Center Steve Harrison, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State Rob DeLine, Microsoft, USA Vienna, Austria University, USA Pieter Desmet, Delft University of Technology, the Erik Frøkjær, Københavns Universitet, Denmark Beverly Harrison, IBM, USA Netherlands Robert Fuller, , USA Bjoern Hartmann, Stanford University, USA Anind Dey, Carnegie Mellon University, USA George Furnas, University of Michigan, USA Marc Hassenzahl, University of Koblenz-Landau, Rachna Dhamija, University of California, Berkeley, USA Susan Fussell, Carnegie Mellon University, USA Germany Nicholas Diakopoulos, Georgia Institute of Technology, Krzysztof Gajos, University of Washington, USA Kirstie Hawkey, Dalhousie University, Canada USA Craig Ganoe, The Pennsylvania State University, USA Gillian Hayes, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA Stephan Diehl, University of Trier, Germany Michael Gardner, University of Essex, UK Steven Haynes, The Pennsylvania State University, USA Paul Dietz, Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories, Simson Garfinkel,MIT, USA James Hays, Carnegie Mellon University, USA USA Franca Garzotto, HOC-Politecnico di Milano, Italy Richard Hazlett, The Johns Hopkins University, USA Joan DiMicco, MIT, USA William Gaver, Goldsmiths College, UK William Hazlewood, Indiana University, Bloomington, Carl DiSalvo, Carnegie Mellon University, USA Shirley Gaw, Princeton University, USA USA Alan Dix, Lancaster University, UK Erik Geelhoed, Hewlett-Packard, UK Jeffrey Heer, University of California, Berkeley, USA Ellen Yi-Luen Do, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA Jim Gemmell, Microsoft, USA Ilona Heldal, Chalmers University of Technology, Judith Donath, MIT, USA Darren Gergle, Northwestern University, USA Sweden Mira Dontcheva, University of Washington, USA Werner Geyer, IBM, USA Austin Henderson, Pitney Bowes, USA John Dowell, University College London, UK Elisa Giaccardi, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA Denise Henriques, York University, Canada Silke Dr. Lang, ETH Zurich, Switzerland Juan Gilbert, , USA Daryl Hepting, University of Regina, Canada Pierre Dragicevic, University of Toronto, France Audrey Girouard, Tufts University, USA Morten Hertzum, Roskilde University, Denmark Steven Drucker, Microsoft, USA Paul Gnanayutham, University of Portsmouth, UK Jonathan Hey, University of California, Berkeley, USA Benedict du Boulay, University of Sussex, UK Rachel Gockley, Carnegie Mellon University, USA Martin Hicks, Microsoft, UK Carlos Duarte, Faculdade de Ciencias da Universidade Carsten Goerg, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA Ken Hinckley, Microsoft, USA de Lisboa, Portugal Jennifer Golbeck, University of Maryland, College Park, Jon Hindmarsh, King’s College London, UK Nicolas Ducheneaut, PARC, USA USA Nicolas Hine, University of Dundee, UK Andrew Duchowski, , USA Scott Golder, Hewlett-Packard, USA Geoffrey Duggan, University of Manchester, UK

CONTINUES NEXT TAB General Information

■ ACM SIGCHI ■ CHI 2007 Overview

CHI 2007 is sponsored by ACM’s Special Interest Group The CHI 2007 technical program showcases presentations of on Computer-Human Interaction (ACM SIGCHI). ACM, the outstanding research in human-computer interaction (HCI), Association for Computing Machinery, is an educational and demonstrations of new and innovative technology, discussion of scientific society uniting the world’s computing educators, timely and controversial issues, and presentations of the latest researchers, and professionals to inspire dialogue, share developments in HCI design and practice. resources, and address the field’s challenges. ACM strengthens the profession’s collective voice through strong leadership, promotion of the highest standards, and recognition of Pre-Conference | Saturday & Sunday technical excellence. ACM supports the professional growth of its members by providing opportunities for life-long learning, career development, and professional networking. Doctoral Consortium Location: Willow Glen I, II, III ACM offers its more than 80,000 global members cutting- edge technical information through world class journals and The Doctoral Consortium provides an opportunity for a group of magazines, dynamic special interest groups, and globally invited doctoral students to explore their research interests in recognized conferences. Visit www.acm.org for more an interdisciplinary workshop with other students and a group of information about the ACM. experienced researchers.

SIGCHI is the premier international society for professionals, Posters displaying the Doctoral Consortium participants’ work academics, and students who are interested in human will be on display in the Concourse throughout the conference. technology and human-computer interaction (HCI). We provide Brief descriptions of each poster can also be found in the CHI a forum for the discussion of all aspects of HCI through our 2007 Extended Abstracts. conferences, including our flagship CHI conference, publications, web sites, email discussion groups, and other services. We Doctoral Consortium Faculty: advance education in HCI through courses, workshops, and Deborah Tatar, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State outreach and we promote informal access to a wide range of University, USA (Co-Chair) individuals and organizations involved in HCI. Members can Tom Rodden, University of Nottingham, UK (Co-Chair) be involved in HCI-related activities with others in their region Batya Friedman, University of Washington, USA through local SIGCHI chapters. Wendy Mackay, INRIA, France Gary M. Olson, University of Michigan, USA Come to our membership meeting on Wednesday at 18:10 in Room B1—B4; or visit www..org to learn more about SIGCHI. Workshops Membership Information Workshops provide a valuable opportunity for small communities of people with diverse perspective to engage in Please contact ACM’s Member Services Department rich one- and two-day discussions about a topic of common Online: www.acm.org interest. Workshop participants are pre-selected based on submitted position papers, and results will be summarized and Tel: +1-800-342-6626 (USA/Canada) displayed as posters in the Concourse area.

+1-212-626-0500 (International)

Fax: +1-212-944-1318

Email: [email protected]

Write: Association for Computing Machinery, Inc. General Post Office P.O. Box 30777 New York, NY 10087-0777 USA

CHI 2007 | San Jose, California, USA | 15 General Information

Technical Program | Monday — Thursday CHI Papers (30 min / presentation)

The CHI technical program includes presentations and posters. CHI Papers present significant contributions to research, Sessions are described below and poster information can be development, and practice in all areas of the field of human- found at the back of this program. computer interaction. All accepted papers were rigorously reviewed. Papers in the CHI Proceedings are read and cited worldwide and have a wide impact on the development of HCI Choosing Sessions principles, theories, techniques, and practical application. Paper authors are asked to complete their presentations in 20 minutes With so many exciting opportunities happening at once, how do with ten minutes for Q&A after each presentation. you choose? CHI 2007 has put four resources in place to help you make the most of your conference experience: Courses (90 min / unit) 1. The CHI 2007 Conference Proceedings and Extended Abstracts contain information about each presentation. CHI 2007 offers courses as part of the technical program. The Additional copies of the proceedings, in both print and goal of these courses is to provide professional development digital format, are available for sale at the CHI Merchandise opportunities for people in the HCI community or those wishing Desk near Registration. to join. Courses are strictly limited and pre-registration is required; the course notes you receive at registration will serve 2. To help you decide how to spend your time during the as your entry ticket. You may register for courses that have not day, each morning we present CHI Madness, a fast-paced yet been filled at the registration desk in the Concourse. overview of many of the presentations of the day. 3. Immediately following Monday’s Opening Plenary, attend the Experience Reports (15—30 min / presentation) Newcomers’ Orientation (Monday, 10:30, Civic Auditorium), where we offer suggestions on planning your conference Experience Reports are discussions of the practice of HCI based experience. on real world experience, described and generalized in a way to be of interest to and instructive to other members of the 4. Conference volunteers are also available to answer any community. questions you may have. Interactive Sessions (90 min / session)

Leaving Sessions Formerly known as Panels, Interactive Sessions allow audience members to understand and interact with different perspectives If you plan to leave during the middle of a session, please be on an emerging or controversial topic. These sessions stimulate considerate of the speakers and others around you by taking a thought and discussion about contemporary trends of interest seat near an exit. to the human-computer interaction community. Interactive Sessions are varied in their structure and mechanisms for interaction but all organizers are expected to provide Session Types considerable time and attention for collecting and responding to audience concerns. alt.chi (12—30 min / presentation) Interactivity (15 min / presentation) These invited sessions allow the controversial, hard to publish, and/or alternative perspectives on HCI to express themselves in Experience human-computer interaction for yourself at the a format that encourages lively audience participation. Interactivity displays in the Exhibit Hall. These presentations are hands-on demonstrations that push the boundaries of CHI Madness (30 sec / presentation) tangible, multimodal, collaborative, and multimedia interfaces. They will be available during the Exhibits Grand Opening at the At the beginning of each day, we will give a fast-paced overview conference reception on Monday night, and will be available for of many elements of that day’s program. interaction throughout the week. Interactivity participants will also describe their research in scheduled conference sessions, CHI Notes (15 min / presentation) with ten minutes for each presentation followed by five minutes Q&A. Interactivity projects were selected after peer review, Introduced in 2006, CHI Notes is a participation category based on their scientific as well as artistic merit. modeled on the successful UIST TechNotes and CSCW Notes categories. CHI Notes are briefer and more focused than CHI Papers, but follow the same strenuous review process. The goal of CHI Notes is to increase diversity of the fully-reviewed technical program by encouraging submissions that might not fit well within the traditional CHI Papers program. Notes authors are asked to complete their presentations in ten minutes with five minutes for Q&A after each presentation.

16 | Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems General Information

SIGCHI Award Talks (60—90 min / presentation) Special Events

CHI 2007 will feature invited talks by three individuals receiving Network Gathering major SIGCHI awards — Jim Foley (Lifetime Achievement Award, Location: Concourse Wednesday at 9:00 am), Gary Marsden (Social Impact Award, Time: Sunday, 17:30—20:00 Tuesday at 9:00 am), and Gregory D. Abowd (Social Impact Award, Thursday at 11:30 am). These individuals are being Kick off CHI 2007 the right way! All CHI participants are invited honored for their cumulative contributions to our community to join friends and colleagues at the Networking Gathering to and we encourage you to attend their talks to learn about their mix and mingle, catch up with old friends, and make newcomers work and perspectives. feel welcome. Complimentary light snacks will be served and a cash bar will be available. Special Interest Groups (SIGs) (90 min / presentation)

Special Interest Groups (SIGs) enable conference attendees Newcomers’ Orientation who share similar interest to meet for 90 minutes of facilitated Location: Civic Auditorium discussion. *This venue is across the street from McEnery Convention Center on San Carlos Street Student Design Competition (20 min / presentation) Time: Monday, 10:30—11:30

Professionals in the field of human-computer interaction are Join ACM SIGCHI President Julie Jacko, Conference Chair Mary unique in their ability to impact the quality of people’s lives. Beth Rosson, and Technical Program Chair David Gilmore after Tackling real-world programs, HCI researchers and designers in the Opening Plenary to find out how to get the most from CHI both academia and industry face many fascinating challenges 2007. This session offers first-time attendees information on in designing usable and enjoyable services, applications, navigating the conference and making session choices in an interfaces, and environments. This year’s Student Design environment with many options. The Newcomers’ Orientation Competition problem was to design a service to promote or will also provide a brief history of SIGCHI and an overview of its encourage the use of public transit. current structure and activities.

All CHI 2007 Student Design Competition entries will be displayed on posters in the Concourse area. Be sure to review Conference Reception & Exhibits Grand Opening them and attend the finalist teams’ presentations on Wednesday Location: The Commons (Exhibit Hall 1) at 11:30 in room A8. See if you can guess the winners, who will be Time: Monday, 18:30—22:00 announced at the end of the Closing Plenary on Thursday! To celebrate the CHI 2007 theme of “Reach Beyond” and the Student Research Competition (15 min / presentation) tremendous growth we have seen in the last 25 years, we cordially invite you to join us for a fantastic around-the-world The Student Research Competition, new at CHI 2007, provides reception in the Exhibit Hall. Experience international flavors a forum for undergraduates and graduate students to share and enjoy multi-sensory performances featuring entertainment their research results, exchange ideas, and improve their from the four corners of the earth: witness a colorful Chinese communication skills, while competing for prizes. Sponsored by dragon parade, syncopated Japanese Taiko drummers, a sultry Microsoft Research, the CHI competition is a branch of the ACM Tango, and Middle Eastern bellydancers! One complimentary Student Research Competition, which hosts similar competitions beer, wine, or soda is included with your admission ticket, and a at other ACM conferences in other areas of computer science. As cash bar will also be available. for the Design Competition, the Student Research Competition entries will be displayed as posters in the Concourse area During the reception you will also have a chance to visit our during the week and there will be presentations by finalists on exhibitors and Interactivity authors, as well as to view the Wednesday at 16:30 in room C2. The winners will be announced Student Design and Research Competition posters, Doctoral at the Closing Plenary on Thursday. Consortium posters, and posters reporting the workshops held over the preceding weekend. Admission to the opening reception  is included with Conference registration; additional tickets may be purchased for $50 each at Registration. Tickets will not be available at the door.

CHI 2007 | San Jose, California, USA | 17 General Information

Job Fair Hospitality Events Location: The Commons (Exhibit Hall 1) Time: Wednesday, 18:30—20:30 Time: Tuesday, 18:00—20:00 CHI Champions: To enhance recruiting this year, CHI 2007 is featuring a Job Fair Cooper on Tuesday evening. Recruiters and job candidates are invited Willow Glen I, II, III — Marriott Hotel to take advantage of this key event. Visit the Recruiting Boards and designated exhibit booths throughout the conference to Intuit find out more about available positions. Light refreshments will Regency Ballroom — Fairmont Hotel be served. Microsoft Corporation CHI Hero Recruiter: San Jose Ballroom I, II, III — Marriott Hotel Intel Corporation (exhibiting) Google, Inc. (20:30—22:30) San Jose Tech Museum CHI Champion Recruiters: Cisco Systems, Inc. (see recruiting board) Cooper (exhibiting) Anniversary Party Google, Inc. (exhibiting) Location: Concourse Intuit (exhibiting) Time: Thursday, 18:00—19:00 Microsoft Corporation (exhibiting) SAP (exhibiting) Say goodbye to your friends and colleagues from CHI 2007 with Sun Microsystems (exhibiting) a celebration of our 25th anniversary. A low-key networking Yahoo! Inc. (exhibiting) event, the Anniversary Party will feature displays of CHI history and a chance to mingle with CHI alumni from many different CHI Contributor Recruiters: years. Join us for cake and an ice cream sundae bar, share your Adobe Systems, Inc. (exhibiting) own CHI memories, and make plans for meeting up with new Autodesk, Inc. (exhibiting) colleagues and friends in Florence, Italy next year! eBay, Inc. (exhibiting) Pitney Bowes (see recruiting board)

Other Recruiters: Alucid Solution, Inc. / Usability Systems (exhibiting) Enterprise Rent-A-Car (see recruiting board) FILTER/TALENT (exhibiting) Human Factors International, Inc. (exhibiting) Landmark (see recruiting board) Oracle USA (exhibiting) salesforce.com (exhibiting) Savannah College of Art and Design (exhibiting) TechSmith Corporation (exhibiting) Tobii Technology (exhibiting) VMware, Inc. (exhibiting) UXalliance (exhibiting) YELLOWPAGES.COM (exhibiting)

ACM SICGHI Member Meeting Location: B1—B4 Time: Wednesday, 18:10—19:30

SIGCHI officers will present ongoing programs and activities, followed by an audience Q&A session. Participants interested in shaping SIGCHI’s future are encouraged to attend.

18 | Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems General Information

■ Venue Information The Commons Location: Exhibit Hall 1 Internet Access The Commons is a large central area that is the site for all main Wireless high-speed internet access for your laptop is being conference breaks, exhibits, interactivity, and other informal provided in meeting rooms at the San Jose McEnery Convention activities. Seating areas make The Commons the perfect place Center, Hilton and Marriott hotels, and Civic Auditorium by CHI to meet with old or new friends, enjoy a refreshing beverage 2007. You may wish to visit the Internet Café near Registration during a coffee break, or just relax between sessions. to go online while you chat informally with colleagues in a Commons Hours: relaxed environment. Monday 18:30— 21:30 Up to 500 ports will be available at any one time, so please be Tuesday 10:30— 18:00 considerate of your colleagues and limit your time spent online. Wednesday 10:30— 18:00 Hardwired connections and computers are not provided. If your Thursday 10:30— 14:30 laptop does not have wireless capability, you will need to access the internet through your hotel guest room. Coffee Breaks

CHI Buzz (chibuzz.ist.psu.edu) Regularly scheduled morning and afternoon coffee breaks are complimentary for all registered CHI 2007 participants. CHI Buzz is the online community established to support the CHI Conference community. In honor of CHI’s 25th anniversary, Coffee Break Schedule: please share your stories, memories, and thoughts about this Monday exciting conference in “CHI Stories and Memories” and share 10:30 — 11:30: Concourse your pictures from past CHIs in CHI Photos! Then engage with others at CHI 2007 by joining discussions in the CHI 2007 16:00 — 16:30: Concourse Forum, vote in our polls at CHI 2007 Polls, and announce Tuesday impromptu meet-ups and luncheons at CHI Meetups. 10:30 — 11:30: The Commons 16:00 — 16:30: The Commons

Registration Wednesday Location: Concourse 10:30 — 11:30: The Commons The CHI 2007 Registration area is located on the main level of 16:00 — 16:30: The Commons the McEnery Convention Center. Pre-registered participants Thursday must pick up their badges and conference materials in this area. On-site registration for the conference and courses (subject to 10:30 — 11:30: The Commons space availability) is located here as well. 16:00 — 16:30: Concourse Registration Hours: Friday 17:00— 19:00 The CHI Merchandise Desk Saturday 8:00— 12:00 Location: Concourse Sunday 8:00— 18:00 Conference t-shirts, mugs, publications, videos, and DVDs will Monday 8:00— 21:30 be sold at the CHI Merchandise Desk located near Registration. Tuesday 8:00— 17:30 The CHI Merchandise Desk opens at 12:00 on Sunday and will be Wednesday 8:00— 17:30 open during registration hours. Thursday 8:00— 16:30

CHI 2007 | San Jose, California, USA | 19 General Information

The CHI Information Booth Speaker Ready Room Location: Concourse & The Commons Location: Meeting Room N

The info booth is staffed by CHI Local Members and Student The Speaker Ready Room serves as a central check-in point for Volunteers who can answer your CHI 2007 questions and assist speakers and session chairs. Conference speakers may reserve with recruiting and special needs. There is also a CHI Information a designated LCD projector in these rooms to help them prepare Booth in the Commons, which will be staffed during regular materials and rehearse for their presentations. Appointments Commons hours. will be taken on a first-come, first-served basis, and should be made with the staff person in Meeting Room N. Please sign up Information Booth Hours: early—only one LCD will be available for speaker preparation. Monday 8:00— 17:30 Presenters planning to include interactive media (e.g., video, Tuesday 8:00— 17:30 sound) are particularly advised to test their materials in advance. Wednesday 8:00— 17:30 Thursday 8:00— 16:30 Ready Room Hours: Sunday 13:00— 18:00 The Convention Center also staffs a Concierge Desk where you Monday 7:30— 18:00 can obtain assistance in locating and booking reservations for local restaurants or other attractions. Tuesday 7:30— 18:00 Wednesday 7:30— 18:00 Thursday 7:30— 14:30 Student Volunteers

Student Volunteers are a great source of information about the PRESS Office conference. They help give the conference a friendly, helpful Location: San Carlos Room (Marriott) face and work hard to assist during the whole conference. Many are working on their Masters or Ph.D.s and some are looking for CHI 2007 welcomes members of the media. Please stop by the job or internship opportunities. Please be courteous to them Press Office to get information on scheduled Media Events this and feel free to ask them questions. You can identify Student week and to learn more about CHI 2007, SIGCHI, and future Volunteers by their red T-shirts. CHI conferences. CHI 2007 media coordinators will be happy to schedule interviews with select authors at the conference.

International Relations

CHI 2007 welcomes participants from around the world. Please visit the CHI Information Booth in the Concourse if you have any questions about the conference.

Lunch with a Local

Back by popular demand, CHI local members will offer the successful “Lunch with a Local” program that has been uniquely designed to learn more about San Jose and what it has to offer. Advance registration (free) is required, so visit the CHI Information Booth at the start of the conference to take advantage of these unique opportunities. Please note that “Lunch with a Local” participants are responsible for the cost of their own lunch.

Recruiting Boards Location: The Commons (Exhibit Hall 1)

Please check the recruiting boards in the Commons for information about career opportunities with exhibiting companies. For a list of this years recruiters, refer to page 18.

20 | Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems General Information

■ CHI 2007 Policies Accompanying Persons

Cell Phone Courtesy CHI 2007 welcomes accompanying persons, age 18 or older, at the conference. Please note that children under 18 are not Please be considerate in your cell phone use. CHI 2007 requests permitted to attend any portion of the conference or ancillary that all cellular phones, pagers, and other equipment with events for safety reasons. Accompanying persons must register audible alarms be turned off in all sessions as a courtesy to the on-site for a pass that will permit entry to the opening plenary presenters and to the other attendees. and the conference reception. Additional tickets for the conference reception may be Name Badges purchased at the CHI Registration Desk for $50. Reception tickets will not be sold on the evening of the event. Each Your CHI 2007 name badge serves as your admission pass to reception ticket includes admission to the reception, dinner, and conference sessions and events. Please wear your name badge one complimentary beer, wine, or soda. at all times while inside the McEnery Convention Center or the Civic Auditorium. Conference management reserves the right to deny admission to any persons not wearing a CHI 2007 Electrical Power name badge. It is ACM SIGCHI policy to use the local power source. Electrical outlets in the United States are 110 volts (60 cycles). If you are Blogging and Photosharing traveling from Europe or elsewhere, you will need an adapter to use your small appliances, if they are designed for a different CHI encourages conference participants to blog CHI while standard. CHI 2007 does not provide power converters, at the event. You can use the CHI 2007 Blog on CHI Buzz extension cords, power strips, or other electric accessories. (chibuzz.ist.psu.edu) or add the category/keyword “CHI 2007” to your blog entries.

We also encourage photo-sharing through services such as flickr. You can use CHI Photos on Chi Buzz (chibuzz.ist.psu.edu) or add the tag “CHI 2007” to your photos.

Recording Prohibited

The use of any type of audio or video recording device is not permitted during any part of the conference. The use of still cameras is permissible, however, reprinting photographs in print or electronic publications is prohibited without the written permission of the people photographed.

Smoking Policy

CHI conferences are smoke-free and the McEnery Convention Center is a non-smoking facility. Smoking is only permitted outside of the facility in the designated areas.

Alcoholic Beverages

Legal drinking age in San Jose is 21 years old. Bartenders will request photo identification from all patrons who appear to be less than 30 years old.

CHI 2007 | San Jose, California, USA | 21 General Information

■ Miscellaneous Services ■ San Jose, California

ATMs San Jose is just a 45-minute car or train ride to San Francisco. Blessed with a perfect California climate, San Jose boasts over The San Jose McEnery Convention Center has two ATMs within 300 days of sunshine each year, with April high temperatures the facility: one located on the lower level by Starbucks (Hilton in the high 60s/low 70s. Also the “Safest Big City in America” side) and the other located on the upper level of the Convention for five consecutive years, San Jose offers a compact and Center before the Marriott pass-through. There is a $2.00 fee pedestrian-friendly downtown filled with unique dining and per transaction. cultural attractions.

Business Services City Transportation

Business centers are located in all CHI 2007 hotels. Please see The San Jose McEnery Convention Center and surrounding area hotel staff for hours, rates, and additional information. is easily accessible by taxi, light rail, airport shuttle, and bus service. For more information about any of these transportation options, please visit www.vta.org or stop by the San Jose First Aid / Emergencies Visitors Center on the lower level of the Convention Center. Your safety is our primary concern. First Aid staff may be contacted by picking up any house phone and dialing “0” or by VTA Light Rail contacting any Center personnel. You may also dial the main Center switchboard at 408-277-3500 from any phone in Directly across the street from the McEnery Center visitors case of emergency. can access the VTA Light Rail, which services the entire Santa Clara Valley with 62 stations. The light rail operates 365 days per year, and adult fares are $1.75. Day and week passes are Lost And Found also available. Light rail service connects with VTA buses at all stations. Light rail also connects with Caltrain at the Tamien and Please turn all lost and found items in to the Registration desk. Downtown Mountain View Stations, as well as to the Altamont CHI 2007 management will then turn lost and found items over Commuter Express (ACE) and Capitol Corridor Intercity Rail to building security at the conclusion of the conference. All lost Service at Lick Mill Station. and found articles are catalogued and stored at the McEnery Center for 30 days. After that period, all articles are disposed of at the sole discretion of the McEnery Convention Center. Airport Flyer

The free VTA/SJC Airport Flyer takes off for Norman Y. Mineta San Jose Visitors’ Bureau San Jose International Airport daily from 5:00 until Midnight every 15 minutes on weekdays and weekends. Catch the Airport Please visit the San Jose Convention & Visitors Bureau desk, Flyer at VTA’s Metro/Airport Light Rail stop and at the Santa Clara located on the lower level of the San Jose McEnery Convention Caltrain station. Regular VTA Light Rail fares apply. Center directly across from the Marriott Hotel, for information on events and activities happening in San Jose this week. Taxis

Special Needs Taxi service in San Jose is easily accessible and very affordable. Approximate taxi rates in downtown San Jose are as follows: Any special requirements you may need should be relayed to $2.00 first 1/10th mile, $0.25 each 1/10th mile thereafter. Add the CHI Information Booth in the Concourse at the earliest $1.50 airport tax fee for all taxis to and from the airport. CHI time possible. The San Jose McEnery Convention Center is attendees can catch a taxi at the main entrance to the Marriott in current compliance with all ADA requirements, and has or Hilton hotels, or by calling Yellow Check Cab 408-777-7777. elevators, restrooms, concessions, and telephones designed to accommodate the needs of those with physical and non-physical impairments. The Ballrooms, Meeting Rooms, and Exhibit Halls may be equipped with services for the hearing impaired upon request, dependant upon the Center’s inventory.

Starbucks (Open 7:00—14:00 daily)

Starbucks is located on the lower level of the convention center, near the entrance to the Hilton San Jose.

22 | Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems SIGCHI 2007 Awards

■ Lifetime Achievement Award ■ CHI Academy

James D. Foley Joëlle Coutaz

James D. Foley is Professor in the School of Interactive Joëlle Coutaz is Professor “Exceptional Class” at University of Computing in the College of Computing and in the School of Grenoble, France, and is the head of the HCI group of the CLIPS- Electrical and Computer Engineering at the Georgia Institute IMAG laboratory that she founded in 1990. She was a pioneer in of Technology. He was the founding director of the Graphics, HCI in France, shaping HCI research via national institutions such Visualization & Usability Center at Georgia Tech. Other past as the CNRS national network. She has been a key participant positions include CEO of Yamacraw, Georgia’s economic in many European research projects, has been involved in development initiative in broadband devices and chips, and organizing all the major HCI conferences, and served for several the director of the Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratory years on the editorial board of ACM ToCHI. Coutaz’s pioneering (MERL) in Cambridge, Massachusetts and chairman and CEO work connected HCI to software engineering and her research of Mitsubishi Electric ITA, directing four labs in North America. has shown great versatility, ranging from CSCW to Augmented He is a Fellow of AAAS, ACM, and IEEE, and a recipient of the Reality and . She is the author of the PAC ACM/SIGGRAPH Stephen Coons Award for Outstanding Creative architectural model for interactive systems and has developed Contributions to Computer Graphics. a framework for understanding the plasticity of interactive systems. She is also the author of Human-Computer Interaction: Foley was one of the computer graphics pioneers who came Design and Development (Dunod, in French, 1990) and the over to help establish HCI as a discipline. He is the first author co-author with Len Bass of Developing Software for the User of the leading text in computer graphics, part of which deals Interface (Addison-Wesley, 1991). with core technical HCI issues such as input devices, interaction techniques, and dialogue design. From this base of credibility, Karen Holtzblatt he established the Graphics, Visualization & Usability Center at Georgia Tech. This institution became a major center for HCI Karen Holtzblatt is CEO and co-founder of InContext, a company research, the training of students and future faculty, and the at the leading edge in training clients to use customer-centered codification of courses and content in the field. It is difficult to design to develop innovative designs and design processes. With think of anyone who had a larger role in the institutionalization a strong record of achievement in numerous companies and of HCI as a discipline. Foley’s technical work has been for numerous product areas, Holtzblatt stands as an example characterized by its breadth across HCI. He has contributed over of a practitioner par-excellence, teaching clients methods of 80 publications spanning computer graphics, input devices, systematic data collection, field observation, and analysis. visualization, user interface evaluation, perceptual issues, and The results for clients are deeper understanding of customer user interfaces. behavior, richer, successful products and services, and quite often, a restructuring of their practices and procedures.

Gerhard Fischer

Gerhard Fischer has had a long and distinguished career in the application of computational technology to important social issues, starting even before the existence of CHI. He is a Professor of Computer Science at the University of Colorado, Boulder, as well as a fellow of the Institute for Cognitive Science and the Director and founder of the Center for Lifelong Learning and Design.

Fischer has introduced visionary, long lasting research themes to HCI. He is a prolific researcher, who creatively combines European and American research traditions. He has played a crucial role as an integrator of and mediator between HCI and a spectrum of related fields: AI, Software Engineering, Participatory Design, Computer Supported Collaborative Learning, and CSCW. His work has extended the boundaries of our field, trained numerous students, and serves as a role model for active professional contributions to the development of a scientific discipline that bridges society and technology.

CHI 2007 | San Jose, California, USA | 23 SIGCHI 2007 Awards

Robert J. K. Jacob ■ Lifetime Service Award

Rob Jacob is a Professor of Computer Science at Tufts University. Rob was an early leader in creating and applying Richard I. Anderson formalisms that are appropriate to the kinds of concurrent Richard I. Anderson is a user experience practice, management, real-world interactions that are becoming prevalent in today’s and organizational development consultant with more than 20 post-WIMP interfaces. His work is notable for bringing system years of experience. He was on the founding committee and design, theoretical analysis, and quantitative measurement served as program chair (1990—2002) and chair (first elected to bear on the problem. His early work on eye-tracking at the chair) of BayCHI, the largest chapter of SIGCHI, but has also Naval Research Laboratory combined design and empirical traveled around the world growing and facilitating SIGCHI studies to lay out basic issues. More recently, collaborations at chapters internationally. Richard was the SIGCHI Local Chapters the Media Lab have brought his theoretical perspective to bear Chair for five years, from 1996-2001. He authored numerous on a wide range of tangible user interfaces. He was Vice Chair SIGCHI Bulletin articles, wherein he offered case studies, for Conference Planning 1990-1993, Papers Co-Chair of the CHI advice, and support for local SIG leadership. He organized 2001 conference, and SIGCHI VP for Finance from 2001 to 2006. and led popular annual workshops for chapter leaders at the Jun Rekimoto CHI conference. Richard also served as a member of four CHI conference committees (including the upcoming CHI 2008) and served as the CHI 2005 Development Consortium Chair, in Jun Rekimoto is the founding Director of the Interaction addition to serving on the committee for 3 DUX conferences. Laboratory within the Sony Computer Science Laboratories. His Finally, Richard has authored multiple articles for interactions pioneering work has been at the forefront of efforts to apply magazine. Through his leadership, he has facilitated and spread new technology to interaction for many years. His research has the word about human-computer interaction around the world. explored a range of highly innovative techniques for combining the digital and physical worlds. Rekimoto’s clever devices and interaction techniques have extended the reach of interactive ■ technologies into the everyday world and represents some of Social Impact Award the best work in computer augmented environments, tangible interaction, and mobile computing. Gregory D. Abowd

Chris Schmandt Gregory Abowd is an Associate Professor in the College of Computing and GVU Center at Georgia Institute of Technology Chris Schmandt has been a Principal Research Scientist in and co-Director of the Aware Home Research Initiative. His the Media Lab at MIT since 1985. He is currently the Director research explores applications of ubiquitous computing of the Speech Interface Group. Formerly, he worked in MIT’s technologies, combining both human-centered and technology- Architecture Machine Group from 1977 to 1985. During his driven research themes. Since 1995, Dr. Abowd has lead the career, he has authored over 60 research papers. He is an development and evaluation of several influential ubiquitous early pioneer in the uses of speech and non-speech audio in computing projects: Cyberguide; eClass (nee Classroom 2000); user interfaces. In fact, his first published work on interactive the Aware Home; and most recently a suite of tools to support audio was in 1981, almost a decade before such technology was caregivers for children with autism and other developmental generally available. Some of his early work involved studies of disabilities. Dr. Abowd is the co-author of a major textbook on how people might use voice to interact with email and other Human-Computer Interaction and has published over 150 peer- messaging systems. Other studies concerned how much speech reviewed scientific articles in the areas of Ubiquitous Computing, could be sped up before it becomes unusable. He has done HCI, and Software Engineering. He is a 1986 graduate of the seminal work on architectures for integrating speech into , where he studied Mathematics and interactive software. In 1997, he was the UIST program chair and Physics. He has a M.Sc. (1987) and D.Phil. (1991) in Computation has served on numerous conference program committees. from the , where he studied as a Rhodes Scholar. Prior to joining the faculty at Georgia Tech in 1994, he was a postdoctoral researcher at the in the UK and at Carnegie Mellon University.

24 | Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems SIGCHI 2007 Awards

One of 12 children growing up in suburban , Dr. Abowd ■ Past Honorees himself is the father of three children, two of whom have diagnoses on the autism spectrum. For the past four years, Dr. Abowd has been a strong advocate for technology research SIGCHI Lifetime Achievement Award related to autism and serves on the Scientific Advisory Committee for the Cure Autism Now Foundation (now part 2006 Gary M. Olson & Judith S. Olson of the Autism Speaks Foundation). In this role, he has been a 2005 Tom Landauer strong advocate to encourage Computer Scientists to explore 2004 Thomas P. Moran the applications of their work towards problems of relevance for 2003 John M. Carroll the developmental disabilities community. He has also been an advocate to other researchers in the area of autism to consider 2002 Donald A. Norman the use of technology to improve their own work. With seed 2001 Ben Shneiderman funding from CAN and SBIR funding from NICHD, he has started 2000 Stuart K. Card a company, Caring Technologies, to provide video recording 1998 Douglas Engelbart services for schools and families wishing to communicate behavioral evidence to behavioral and medical professionals. Dr. Abowd is also a member of the Board of Directors for the Autism SIGCHI Lifetime Service Award Society of America Greater Georgia Chapter and serves as the 2006 Susan M. Dray chair for adult services. In this role, he has helped to establish a mentoring program for adults on the autism spectrum, providing 2005 Sara Bly, John ‘Scooter’ Morris, Don Patterson, shelter, counseling, and careers for these extremely talented but Gary Perlman, Marilyn Mantei Tremaine unfortunate souls in the area. Dr. Abowd also serves as 2004 Robin Jeffries, Gene Lynch moderator for the Emory Autism Center’s Dad’s support group. 2003 Lorraine Borman Gary Marsden 2002 Dan R. Olsen Jr. 2001 Austin Henderson Gary Marsden is an Associate Professor in the Department of Computer Science, University of Cape Town, South Africa. He completed his Ph.D. work at Stirling University in 1998. He CHI Academy Members now teaches computer science and HCI. Besides his academic Class of 2006 Scott Hudson, Hiroshi Ishii, interests in designing interaction for mobile computers including cell phones, a large part of his time is spent in examining Michel Beaudouin-Lafon, Jakob Nielsen, how mobile computers can be used for betterment of the Peter Pirolli, George Robertson developing world. Gary edits the column “Under Development” Class of 2005 Ron Baecker, Susan Dumais, John Gould, in magazine, which is aimed at raising the profile of the developing world both in SIGCHI and in the worldwide HCI Saul Greenberg, Bonnie E. John, Andrew Monk community. He has worked to help build a local community of Class of 2004 George Furnas, Jonathan Grudin, HCI researchers and practitioners, serving the South African William Newman, Brad Meyers, Dan R. Olsen Jr., Institute of Computer Scientists and Information Technologists (SAICSIT), CHI-SA (the South African chapter of SIGCHI), and Brian Shackel, Terry Winograd Afri-Graph (the South African chapter of SIGGRAPH) as well as Class of 2003 Thomas Green, James D. Hollan, bringing well-known HCI researchers for keynote presentations in South Africa. His book co-authored with Matt Jones, Mobile Robert E. Kraut, Gary M. Olson, Peter G. Polson Interaction Design, includes chapters on how mobile technology Class of 2002 William A. S. Buxton, John M. Carroll, can be used to make an impact in the developing world. Gary’s Douglas C. Engelbart, Sara Kiesler, Thomas K. Landauer, work and that which he inspires has significantly raised the profile of developing world issues in the wider HCI community Lucy A. Suchman and, similarly, has brought HCI to developing world’s computer Class of 2001 Stuart K. Card, James D. Foley, Morten Kyng, science community. Thomas P. Moran, Judith S. Olson, Ben Shneiderman

CHI 2007 | San Jose, California, USA | 25 SIGCHI 2007 Awards

■ Best of CHI Awards CHI 2007 Honorable Mention Papers, awarded by SIGCHI The SIGCHI “Best of CHI” Program is designed to recognize outstanding work in the field of human-computer interaction A Cognitive Constraint Model of Dual-Task Trade-Offs by selecting and honoring exceptional submissions to SIGCHI- in a Highly Dynamic Driving Task (page 39) sponsored conferences. This year, the Papers and Notes Duncan P. Brumby, Drexel University, USA committees took part in this program, nominating up to 5% Andrew Howes, University of Manchester, UK of their submissions as Award Nominees. A separate awards Dario D. Salvucci, Drexel University, USA committee then chose a select group of these submissions — no more than 1% of the total submissions — to receive a “Best” A Game Design Methodology to Incorporate Activist designation. We are proud to congratulate the award winners Themes (page 38) and nominees for their outstanding contributions to CHI 2007 Mary Flanagan, Hunter College, CUNY, USA and to our field. Helen Nissenbaum, New York University, USA

A Meta-Analysis of the Impact of the Inclusion and SIGCHI Best of CHI 2007 Committee: Realism of Human-Like Faces on User Experiences in Wendy A. Kellogg, IBM, USA (Chair) Interfaces (page 33) James ‘Bo’ Begole, PARC, USA Elizabeth F. Churchill, Yahoo!, USA Nicholas Yee, Jeremy N. Bailenson, Kathryn Rickertsen, Rebecca E. Grinter, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA Stanford University, USA Robert J. K. Jacob, Tufts University, USA Stephen Payne, University of Manchester, UK An Exploration of Web-Based Monitoring: Implications Robert St. Amant, North Carolina State University, USA for Design (page 42) Stephanie Teasley, University of Michigan, USA Melanie Kellar, Carolyn Watters, Kori M. Inkpen, Dalhousie Terry Winograd, Stanford University, USA University, Canada

Augmenting the Mouse with Pressure Sensitive Input CHI 2007 Best Papers, awarded by SIGCHI (page 84) Jared Cechanowicz, University of Saskatchewan, Canada Authoring Sensor-Based Interactions by Pourang Irani, University of Manitoba, Canada Demonstration with Direct Manipulation and Pattern Sriram Subramanian, University of Saskatchewan, Canada Recognition (page 37) Bjoern Hartmann, Leith Abdulla, Stanford University, USA Back Stage on the Front Lines: Perspectives and Manas Mittal, MIT, USA Performance in the Combat Information Center (page 57) Scott R. Klemmer, Stanford University, USA Paul M. Aoki, Intel, USA

Consuming Video on Mobile Devices (page 67) Do Life-Logging Technologies Support Memory for the Kenton O’Hara, Hewlett-Packard, UK Past? An Experimental Study Using SenseCam (page 34) April Slayden Mitchell, Alex Vorbau, Hewlett-Packard, USA Abigail Sellen, Andrew Fogg, Microsoft, UK Mike Aitken, University of Cambridge, UK MultiView: Improving Trust in Group Video Steve Hodges, Carsten Rother, Ken Wood, Microsoft, UK Conferencing Through Spatial Faithfulness (page 87) David Nguyen, John Canny, University of California, How HCI Interprets the Probes (page 71) Berkeley, USA Kirsten Boehner, Janet Vertesi, Phoebe Sengers, Cornell University, USA Shift: A Technique for Operating Pen-Based Interfaces Paul Dourish, University of California, Irvine, USA Using Touch (page 55) Daniel Vogel, University of Toronto, Canada Improving Recognition and Characterization in Patrick Baudisch, Microsoft, USA Groupware with Rich Embodiments (page 33) Tadeusz Stach, Carl Gutwin, David Pinelle, University of Software or Wetware? Discovering When and Why Saskatchewan, Canada People Use Digital Prosthetic Memory (page 34) Pourang Irani, University of Manitoba, Canada Vaiva Kalnikaite, Steve Whittaker, The University of Sheffield,UK Meta-Analysis of Correlations Among Usability Sustainable Interaction Design: Invention & Disposal, Measures (page 55) Renewal, & (page 54) Kasper Hornbæk, University of Copenhagen, Denmark Eli Blevis, Indiana University, Bloomington, USA Effie Lai-Chong Law,Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, Zürich, Switzerland

Modeling and Understanding Students’ Off-Task Behavior in Intelligent Tutoring Systems (page 71) Ryan S.J.D. Baker, University of Nottingham, UK 26 | Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems SIGCHI 2007 Awards

Modeling the Impact of Shared Visual Information on CHI 2007 Best Note, awarded by SIGCHI Collaborative Reference (page 89) Darren Gergle, Northwestern University, USA Designing a Mobile User Interface for Automated Carolyn P. Rosé, Robert E. Kraut, Carnegie Mellon Species Identification (page 41) University, USA Sean White, Dominic Marino, Steven Feiner, Columbia University, USA Move to Improve: Promoting Physical Navigation to Increase User Performance with Large Displays (page 38) Robert Ball, Chris North, Doug A. Bowman, Virginia CHI 2007 Honorable Mention Notes, awarded Polytechnic Institute and State University, USA by SIGCHI

Sabbath Day Home Automation: “It’s Like Mixing Tracking the Interaction of Users with AJAX Technology and Religion” (page 58) Applications for Usability Testing (page 83) Allison Woodruff, Intel, USA Richard Atterer, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Sally Augustin, PlaceCoach, Inc., USA Germany Brooke Foucault, Intel, USA Albrecht Schmidt, Fraunhofer IAIS & University of Bonn, Germany Selection-Based Note-Taking Applications (page 69) Aaron Bauer, Kenneth R. Koedinger, Carnegie Mellon The Truth about Lying in Online Dating Profiles University, USA (page 50) Jeffrey T. Hancock, Catalina Toma, Cornell University, USA Shallow-Depth 3D Interaction: Design and Evaluation Nicole Ellison, Michigan State University, USA of One-, Two-, and Three-Touch Techniques (page 74) Mark Hancock, Sheelagh Carpendale, University of Calgary, Getting Our Head in the Clouds: Toward Evaluation Canada Studies of Tagclouds (page 69) Andy Cockburn, University of Canterbury, New Zealand A.W. Rivadeneira, University of Maryland, USA Daniel M. Gruen, Michael J. Muller, David R. Millen, IBM, USA Social Responses to Virtual Humans: Implications for Future Interface Design (page 89) Catherine Zanbaka, Amy Ulinski, Paula Goolkasian, Larry Hodges, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, USA

Task and Social Visualization in Software Development: Evaluation of a Prototype (page 51) Jason B. Ellis, IBM, USA Shahtab Wahid, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, USA Catalina Danis, Wendy A. Kellogg, IBM, USA

The Life and Death of Online Gaming Communities: A Look at Guilds in World of Warcraft (page 59) Nicolas Ducheneaut, PARC, USA Nicholas Yee, Stanford University, USA Eric Nickell, Robert J. Moore, PARC, USA

Usability Testing: What Have We Overlooked? (page 86) Gitte G. Lindgaard, Carleton University, Canada Jarinee J. Chattratichart, Kingston University London, UK

Web Page Revisitation Revisited: Implications of a Long-Term, Click-Stream Study of Browser Usage (page 54) Hartmut Obendorf, Harald Weinreich, University of Hamburg, Germany Eelco Herder, University of Hannover, Germany Matthias Mayer, University of Hamburg, Germany

What Are You Looking For? An Eye-Tracking Study of Information Usage in Web Search (page 49) Edward Cutrell, Microsoft, USA Zhiwei Guan, Microsoft & University of Washington, USA

CHI 2007 | San Jose, California, USA | 27 Notes

28 | Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Notes

CHI 2007 | San Jose, California, USA | 29 GeneralSunday InformationCourses

Course 1 | San Jose Ballroom IV Course 4 | Room A1 & A 2

Human-Computer Interaction: Introduction and Drawing Ideas: Visualization and Design Sketching Overview 18:00-21:30 18:00-21:30 Instructors: Instructors: Mark Baskinger, Carnegie Mellon University, USA Keith A. Butler, Microsoft, USA William Bardel, Information Designer, USA Robert J. K. Jacob, Tufts University, USA David Kieras, University of Michigan, USA Benefits:This course is about the collaborative processes and engaging tools you can use to be a better visual communicator Benefits:This course is intended to give newcomers enough during creative brainstorming and problem solving activities. background in the field of HCI to make their conference experience much more meaningful. It provides a framework to During this course we will investigate the development of understand how the various topics are related to research and sketches, doodles, and handwritten notes that are the first practice. It is a tried-and-true introduction and has become a CHI expressions of great ideas and the road maps of how to get conference tradition. there. We will help you visualize their potential as we discuss a few of the ways to capture, organize and share them with others. Intended Audience: Mainly first-time CHI attendees, typically At the end you will have a broader understanding of how to professionals from computing-related fields who are new to the use visual communication in ways that will enable you to more field of human-computer interaction. No background in HCI is effectively share your ideas with others. assumed. Intended Audience: Participants need no prerequisite knowledge of the subject. This course is for both novice and Course 2 | San Jose Ballroom III seasoned professionals, introducing both basic themes and new approaches to sketching and notation. We recommend this An Introduction to Computer Supported Cooperative course for: Work (CSCW) • Individuals who present information to others as part of their 18:00-21:30 working process

Instructors: • Managers involved in problem solving or creative processes Gary M. Olson, University of Michigan, USA • Designers and creative types Jim Herbsleb, Carnegie Mellon University, USA • Organizers, directors, collaborators, developers, and thinkers Benefits: Participants will become familiar with the themes and issues in the field of CSCW. These matters will be illustrated with representative CSCW systems, including studies of their deployment and outcome.

Intended Audience: People new to the field of CSCW.

Course 3 | Room A3

HCI History: Trajectories into the Future 18:00-19:30

Instructor: Jonathan Grudin, Microsoft, USA

Benefits: Learn about the history of human-computer interaction as it has been addressed by psychologists, computer scientists, human factors engineers, information systems researchers, designers, and others. By understanding the dynamics that have brought us here, we will be in a better position to understand how to position our efforts effectively going forward.

Intended Audience: The course is intended for anyone who thinks that the best preparation for where we are headed is to understand the road we have traveled to get where we are today.

30 | Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Acknowledgements CONTINUED

Papers Reviewers – continued Hyunmo Kang, Human Computer Interaction Lab, USA Catherine Letondal, Institut Pasteur, France Anu Kankainen, Idean Research, Finland Rock Leung, University of British Columbia, Canada Laurian Hobby, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State Victor Kaptelinin, Umeå University, Sweden Vincent Levesque, McGill University, Canada University, USA Maria Karam, University of Southampton, UK Lan Li, Carnegie Mellon University, USA Harry Hochheiser, Towson University, USA Clare-Marie Karat, IBM, USA Yang Li, University of Washington, USA Steve Hodges, Microsoft, UK John Karat, IBM, USA Henry Lieberman, MIT, USA Blaine Hoffman, The Pennsylvania State University, Demetrios Karis, Verizon, USA Ann Light, Queen Mary College, USA Kristiina Karvonen, Helsinki University of Technology, University of London, UK James Hollan, University of California, San Diego, USA Finland Youn-kyung Lim, Indiana University, USA Lars Erik Holmquist, Viktoria Institute, Sweden Hannes Kaufmann, Institute of Software Technology James Lin, IBM, USA Kate Hone, Brunel University, UK and Interactive Systems, Austria James Jeng-Weei Lin, Siemens, USA

Jason Hong, Carnegie Mellon University, USA Laura Kauhanen, Helsinki University of Technology, Gitte Lindgaard, Carleton University, Canada Monday Kristina Hook, Stockholm University, Sweden Finland Sian Lindley, University College London, England Michael Horn, Tufts University, USA Judy Kay, University of Sydney, Australia Matthew Lipson, Bristol University, UK Dan Horn, U. S. Army Research Institute, USA Joseph Kaye, Cornell University, USA Linda Little, Northumbria University, UK Kasper Hornbæk, University of Copenhagen, Denmark Simeon Keates, IBM, USA Feng Liu, Mercer University, USA Eva Hornecker, Technical University Vienna, Austria Daniel Keefe, Brown University, USA Mark Livingston, Naval Research Laboratory, USA Anthony Hornof, University of Oregon, USA Melanie Kellar, Dalhousie University, Canada Sara Ljungblad, Viktoria Institute, Sweden Eric Horvitz, Microsoft, USA Wendy Kellogg, IBM, USA Rosemary Luckin, University of Sussex, UK Juan Pablo Hourcade, University of Iowa, USA Jon Kelly, , USA Paul Luff, King’s College London, UK Andrew Howes, University of Manchester, UK Andruid Kerne, Texas A&M University, USA Jay Lundell, Intel, USA Gary Hsieh, Carnegie Mellon University, USA Pekka Ketola, Nokia, Finland Saturnino Luz, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland Hao-Wei Hsieh, Texas A&M University, USA Sanshzar Kettebekov, Keane Inc, USA Michael Lyons, ATR Media Information Science Elaine Huang, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA Pedram Keyani, Carnegie Mellon University, USA Research Labs, Japan Jim Hudson, PayPal, USA Azam Khan, Autodesk, Canada Kent Lyons, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA Scott Hudson, Carnegie Mellon University, USA Julie Kientz, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA Catriona Macaulay, University of Dundee, UK Christopher Hundhausen, Washington State University, David Kieras, University of Michigan, USA Liliane Machado, Federal University of Paraiba, Brazil USA Sara Kiesler, Carnegie Mellon University, USA Wendy Mackay, INRIA, France Anne Hunt, Microsoft, USA Jeong Kim, Carnegie Mellon University, USA Christine MacKenzie, Simon Fraser University, Canada Amy Hurst, Carnegie Mellon, USA Hans Kim, Santa Clara University, USA Karon MacLean, University of British Columbia, Canada Dugald Hutchings, Bowling Green State University, USA Tim Kindberg, Hewlett-Packard, UK Allan MacLean, Image Semantics Ltd, UK Hilary Hutchinson, Google, USA Esin Kiris, AT&T, USA Ed Maclin, University of Illinois, Ebba Thora Hvannberg, University of Iceland, Iceland David Kirk, University of Nottingham, UK Urbana-Champaign, USA Faustina Hwang, The University of Reading, UK Arthur Kirkpatrick, Simon Fraser University, Canada Scott Mainwaring, Intel, USA Giovanni Iachello, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA Rick Kjeldsen, IBM, USA Heidy Maldonado, Stanford University, USA Takeo Igarashi, The University of Tokyo, Japan Gary Klatsky, Oswego, SUNY, USA Peter Mambrey, Fraunhofer FIT, Germany Tommi Ilmonen, Helsinki Institute for Information Scott Klemmer, Stanford University, USA Thomas Mandl, Universität Hildesheim, Germany Technology, Finland Alexander Klippel, The Pennsylvania State University, Regan Mandryk, Dalhousie University, Canada Ohad Inbar, Ben Gurion University, Israel USA Jennifer Mankoff, Carnegie Mellon University, USA Kori Inkpen, Dalhousie University, Canada Andrew Ko, Carnegie Mellon University, USA Wendy March, Intel, USA Stephen Intille, MIT, USA Michael Koch, Technische Universitaet Muenchen, Georgios Marentakis, McGill University, Canada Shamsi Iqbal, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Germany Gloria Mark, University of California, Irvine, USA USA Boriana Koleva, University of Nottingham, UK Gary Marsden, University of Cape Town, South Africa Pourang Irani, University of Manitoba, Canada Jon Kolko, Savannah College of Art & Design, USA Masood Masoodian, The University of Waikato, Charles Isbell, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA Joseph Konstan, University of Minnesota, USA New Zealand Katherine Isbister, USA Hannu Korhonen, Nokia, Finland Dominic Massaro, University of California, Edward Ishak, Columbia University, USA Robert Kosara, University of North Carolina, Santa Cruz, USA Hiroshi Ishii, MIT, USA Charlotte, USA Anijo Mathew, Mississippi State University, USA Suguru Ishizaki, QUALCOMM Incorporated, USA Ilpo Koskinen, University of Art and Design Helsinki, Nicholas Matsakis, MIT, USA Poika Isokoski, University of Tampere, Finland Finland Tara Matthews, University of California, Berkeley, USA Shahram Izadi, Microsoft, UK Vassilis Kostakos, University of Bath, UK Dan Maynes-Aminzade, Stanford University, USA Robert Jacob, Tufts University, USA Paula Kotze, University of South Africa, South Africa Ali Mazalek, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA Giulio Jacucci, Helsinki Institute for Information Robert Kraut, Carnegie Mellon University, USA Scott McCrickard, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and Technology, Finland Christian Kray, Newcastle University, UK State University, USA Jhilmil Jain, Hewlett-Packard, USA Per Ola Kristensson, Linkoping University, Sweden Malcolm Mccullough, University of Michigan, USA Frankie James, SAP, USA Peter Krogh, Arhus School of Architecture, Denmark Sharon McDonald, University of Sunderland, UK Anthony Jameson, German Research Institute for Ernst Kruijff, Graz University of Technology, Austria David McDonald, University of Washington, USA Artificial Intelligence,Germany Manu Kumar, Stanford University, USA Daniel McFarlane, Lockheed Martin Advanced Robin Jeffries, Google, USA Sri Kurniawan, University of Manchester, UK Technology Laboratories, USA Qiang Ji, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, USA Gordon Kurtenbach, Autodesk, Canada David McGee, Natural Interaction Systems, USA Hao Jiang, The Pennsylvania State University, USA Jennifer Lai, IBM, USA Marilyn McGee-Lennon, University of Glasgow, UK Orvalho João, Scytl Secure Electronic Voting, Spain Shyong Lam, University of Minnesota, USA Jane McGonigal, University of California, Berkeley, USA Bonnie John, Carnegie Mellon University, USA Anthony LaMarca, Intel, USA David McGookin, University of Glasgow, UK Christopher Johnson, University of Glasgow, UK James Landay, University of Washington, USA Joanna McGrenere, University of Brisith Columbia, Jeff Johnson, UI Wizards, Inc., USA Jonas Landgren, Viktoria Institute, Sweden Canada Adam Joinson, The Open University, UK David Lane, , USA Michael McGuffin,University of Toronto, Canada Steve Jones, University of Waikato, New Zealand Marc Langheinrich, ETH Zurich, Switzerland Sean McNee, Attenex Corporation, USA M. Cameron Jones, University of Illinois, Urbana- Rosa Lanzilotti, University of Bari, Italy Timothy McNerney, Tuva Design, USA Champaign, USA Kevin Larson, Microsoft, USA Guy Melancon, LIRMM, France Matt Jones, University of Waikato, New Zealand Kent Larson, MIT, USA Cecelia Merkel, The Pennsylvania State University, USA Anker Jorgensen, University of Copenhagen, Denmark Celine Latulipe, , Canada Crysta Metcalf, Motorola, USA Wendy Ju, Stanford University, USA Tessa Lau, IBM, USA Nadyne Mielke, Microsoft, USA Oskar Juhlin, Interactive Institute, Sweden Effie Law,Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Gareth Miles, University of Glamorgan, UK Susanne Jul, USA Switzerland Russell Milham, Microsoft, USA Hyunjoon Jung, Republic of Korea Telecom, Republic of Shaun Lawson, University of Lincoln, UK David Millard, University of Southampton, UK Republic of Korea Joonhwan Lee, Carnegie Mellon University, USA Craig Miller, DePaul University, USA Younbo Jung, University of Southern California, USA John Lee, University of Iowa, USA Rob Miller, MIT, USA Edward Kaiser, Adapx, USA Bongshin Lee, Microsoft, USA Karyn Moffatt, University of British Columbia, Canada Matthew Kam, University of California, Berkeley, USA Stelios Lelis, University of Manchester, UK Tom Moher, University of Illinois, Chicago, USA Eser Kandogan, IBM, USA

CONTINUES ON BACK Acknowledgements CONTINUED

Papers Reviewers – continued Donald Patterson, University of California, Irvine, USA Paul Rohwer, Indiana University, USA Celeste Paul, User-Centered Design, Inc., USA John Rooksby, Lancaster University, UK Andrew Monk, University of York, UK Eric Paulos, Intel, USA Volker Roth, FX Palo Alto Laboratory, USA Bob Moore, PARC, USA Andriy Pavlovych, York University, Canada Ling Rothrock, The Pennsylvania State University, USA Tom Moran, IBM, USA Celia Pearce, University of California, Irvine, USA Nicolas Roussel, Projet In Situ, LRI & INRIA Futurs, Rob Mori, Sun Microsystems, USA Thomas Pederson, Umeå University & Bari University, France Margaret Morris, Intel, USA Sweden & Italy Maria Roussou, University College London, UK Meredith Morris, Microsoft, USA Samuli Pekkola, University of Jyvaskyla, Finland Joe Rubleske, Syracuse University, USA Michael Morrissey, Microsoft, USA Catherine Pelachaud, University of Paris, France Yong Rui, Microsoft, USA Emile Morse, NIST, USA Gerald Penn, University of Toronto, Canada Enrico Rukzio, University of Munich, Germany Ingrid Mulder, Telematica Instituut, the Netherlands Manuel Perez-Quinones, Virginia Polytechnic Institute Daniel Russell, Google, USA Michael Muller, IBM, USA and State University, USA Zsofia Ruttkay,University of Twente, the Netherlands Bjørn Erik Munkvold, Agder University College, Norway Mark Perry, Brunel University, UK Kathy Ryall, MERL, USA Guadalupe Muñoz, University Rey Juan Carlos, Spain Christian Peter, Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Eva-Lotta Sallnäs, Royal Institute of Technology, IPLab, Cosmin Munteanu, University of Toronto, Canada Graphics Rostock, Germany Sweden Tamara Munzner, University of British Columbia, Daniela Petrelli, University of Sheffield,UK Dario Salvucci, Drexel University, USA Canada Mårten Pettersson, Malmö University, Sweden Jaime Sánchez, University of Chile, Chile Gail Murphy, University of British Columbia, Canada Doantam Phan, Stanford University, USA Bob Sandusky, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA Roderick Murray-Smith, Glasgow University & Hamilton Wayne Piekarski, University of South Australia, Aleksandra Sarcevic, Rutgers University, USA Institute, UK Australia Martina Angela Sasse, University College London, UK Bilge Mutlu, Carnegie Mellon University, USA Jeffrey Pierce, IBM, USA Christine Satchell, University of Melbourne, Australia Brad Myers, Carnegie Mellon University, USA David Pinelle, University of Saskatchewan, Canada Walt Scacchi, Institute for Software Research, USA Elizabeth Mynatt, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA Claudio Pinhanez, IBM, USA Wendy Schafer, The Pennsylvania State University, USA Mor Naaman, Yahoo!, USA Niels Pinkwart, TU Clausthal, Germany Chris Schmandt, MIT, USA Miguel Nacenta, University of Saskatchewan, Canada Volkmar Pipek, University of Siegen, Germany Holger Schnädelbach, Mixed Reality Lab, UK Kristine Nagel, Clayton State University, USA Christopher Plaue, Georgia Institute of Technology, m.c. Schraefel, University of Southampton, UK Bonnie Nardi, Agilent Technologies, USA USA Will Schroeder, The MathWorks, USA Clifford Nass, Stanford University, USA Beryl Plimmer, University of Auckland, New Zealand Till Schümmer, FernUniversität in Hagen, Germany Raquel Navarro-Prieto, Barcelona Media-Innovation Barry Po, Cogneto Development Inc., Canada Stan Sclaroff, Boston University, USA Center, Spain Michael Poor, Tufts University, USA Donia Scott, The Open University, UK Lisa Neal, eLearn Magazine, USA Florin Popescu, Fraunhofer FIRST, Germany Stacey Scott, MIT, USA Les Nelson, PARC, USA Vesna Popovic, Queensland University of Technology, Peter Scupelli, Carnegie Mellon University, USA Carman Neustaedter, University of Calgary, Canada Australia Andrew Sears, University of Maryland, Baltimore Christine Neuwirth, Carnegie Mellon University, USA Zachary Pousman, Georgia Institute of Technology, County, USA Alan Newell, Dundee University, UK USA Stuart Selber, The Pennsylvania State University, USA David Nguyen, University of California, Irvine, USA Christopher Power, University of York, Canada Abigail Sellen, Microsoft, UK Tao Ni, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State Jenny Preece, University of Maryland, USA John Senders, University of Toronto, Canada University, USA Tony Pridmore, University of Nottingham, UK Phoebe Sengers, Cornell University, USA David Nichols, University of Waikato, New Zealand Simon Prince, University College London, UK Orit Shaer, Tufts University, USA Jeffrey Nichols, Carnegie Mellon University, USA Wolfgang Prinz, Fraunhofer FIT, Germany N. Sadat Shami, Cornell University, USA Helen Nissenbaum, New York University, USA John Pruitt, Microsoft, USA Helen Sharp, The Open University, UK Sylvie Noël, Communications Research Centre, Canada Pardha Pyla, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State Chia Shen, Mitsubishi Electric Research Labs, USA Chris North, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, India Irina Shklovski, Carnegie Mellon University, USA University, USA Yan Qu, University of Maryland, College Park, USA John Sibert, The George Washington University, USA Kenton O’Hara, Hewlett-Packard, UK Aaron Quigley, University College Dublin, Ireland Linda Sibert, USA Masao Ohira, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Pernilla Qvarfordt, FX Palo Alto Laboratory, USA Rosanne Siino, Stanford University, USA Japan Kari-Jouko Räihä, University of Tampere, Finland Carla Simone, Universita’ di Milano-Bicocca, Italy Dan Olsen, Brigham Young University, USA Roope Raisamo, University of Tampere, Finland Mike Sinclair, Microsoft, USA Gary Olson, University of Michigan, USA Gonzalo Ramos, University of Toronto, Canada Vikash Singh, Mississippi State University, USA Judith Olson, University of Michigan, USA Rebecca Randell, City University, UK Vineet Sinha, MIT, USA Claire O’Malley, University of Nottingham, UK Tye Rattenbury, University of California, Berkeley, USA Roger Slack, University of Edinburgh, UK Hernando Ombao, University of Illinois, USA Janet Read, University of Central Lancashire, England Malcolm Slaney, IBM, USA Eamonn O’Neill, University of Bath, UK Madhu Reddy, The Pennsylvania State University, USA Mel Slater, University College London, UK Brittney Oppermann, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, David Redmiles, University of California, Irvine, USA Diana Smetters, PARC, USA USA Stuart Reeves, University of Nottingham, England Hilary Smith, University of Sussex, UK Carljohan Orre, Umeå University, Sweden Tim Regan, Microsoft, UK Daniel Smith, University of Southampton, UK Chiara Orsingher, University of Bologna, Italy Holger Regenbrecht, University of Otago, New Zealand Brian Smith, The Pennsylvania State University, USA Antti Oulasvirta, Helsinki Institute for Information Susan Regli, Lockheed Martin, USA Marc Smith, Microsoft, USA Technology, Finland Derek Reilly, Dalhousie University, Canada Shamus Smith, Durham University, UK Kees Overbeeke, TU Eindhoven, the Netherlands Ehud Reiter, University of Aberdeen, UK Ian Smith, Intel, USA Sharon Oviatt, Natural Interaction Systems, USA Jun Rekimoto, Sony, Japan Mirjana Spasojevic, Yahoo!, USA Sharon Oviatt, Oregon Health & Science University, Yuqing Ren, Carnegie Mellon University, USA Clay Spinuzzi, University of Texas, Austin, USA USA Karen Renaud, University of Glasgow, UK Mark Springett, Middlesex University, UK Volker Paelke, University of Hannover, Germany Michael Richardson, Colby College, USA Thad Starner, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA Andreas Paepcke, Stanford University, USA Heather Richter, University of North Carolina, John Stasko, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA Leysia Palen, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA Charlotte, USA Michelle Steves, NIST, USA Shimei Pan, IBM, USA Jens Riegelsberger, University College London, UK Erik Stolterman, Indiana University, Bloomington, USA Bing Pan, Cornell University, USA Christine Riley, Intel, USA Susan Straus, RAND, USA Tapan Parikh, University of Washington, USA Daniel Robbins, Microsoft, USA Wolfgang Stuerzlinger, York University, Canada Cecile Paris, CSIRO, Australia Dave Roberts, IBM, UK Simone Stumpf, Oregon State University, USA Eunkwang Park, Nanyang Technological University, George Robertson, Microsoft, USA Sriram Subramanian, University of Saskatchewan, Singapore Peter Robinson, University of Cambridge, England Canada Caroline Parker, Glasgow Caledonian University, UK Kerry Rodden, Google, USA Bongwon Suh, PARC, USA J. Karen Parker, University of British Columbia, Canada Tom Rodden, University of Nottingham, UK Bernhard Suhm, Enterprise Integration Group, USA Timo Partala, University of Oulu, Finland Jennifer Rode, University of California, Irvine, USA James Sullivan, Center for Lifelong Learning and Kurt Partridge, PARC, USA Con Rodi, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State Design, USA Fabio Paternò, ISTI-CNR, Italy University, USA Jay Summet, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA Sameer Patil, University of California, Irvine, USA Yvonne Rogers, The Open University, UK Pen-Fan Sun, SAP, USA Andrew Patrick, National Research Council of Canada, Michael Rohs, TU Berlin, Germany Canada

CONTINUES NEXT TAB April 30, 2007 | Monday

8:30—10:00 10:00—10:30 11:30—13:00 14:30—16:00 16:30—18:00

Opening Plenary CHI MADNESS Interactive Session Interactive Session Interactive Session Bill Moggridge Page 32 Usability from the CIO’s Perspective Who Killed Design?: Addressing Taking CHI for a Drive: Interaction CIVIC Reaching for the Page 33 Design Through an Interdisciplinary in the Car AUDITORIUM Intuitive Investigation Page 40 Page 32 Page 37

SIG Papers Papers Beyond Usability: Social, Situational, Ubicomp Tools Expert/Novice Room Cultural, & Contextual Factors Page 37 Page 40 A1 Page 33

Papers Papers Papers Faces & Bodies in Interaction Mobile Interaction Mobile Applications Room Page 33 Page 37 Page 40 A2

Papers Papers Papers Attention & Interruption Politics & Activism Navigation Room Page 33 Page 38 Page 41 A3

Papers Papers Papers Capturing Life Experiences Navigation & Interaction Photo Sharing Room Page 34 Page 38 Page 41 A4 & A5

Experience Reports Papers Experience Reports On the Move Medical Qualitative Research Methods Room Page 34 Page 38 Page 42 A8

Papers SIG Papers Large Displays Challenges in International Usability Empirical Studies of Web Interaction Room Page 34 Page 39 Page 42 B1 – B4

Interactivity Papers ALT.CHI Shake, Rattle, and Roll: New Forms Task & Attention Evaluating Evaluation Room of Input and Output Page 39 Page 43 C2 Page 35

SIG SIG SIG Online Health Communities Usability and Free/Libre/Open Let’s Get Emotional: Emotion Room Page 36 Source Software Research in Human Computer C4 Page 39 Interaction Page 43

Course 12 Course 13 Usability Process Improvement — ISO An Introduction to Human-Robot Interaction Design and Evaluation Room Standards Page 44 A6 Page 44

Course 9 Course 10 Course 11 How to Collect Field Data and Top Field Interview Mistakes: After the Interviews: Making Sense of Room Produce a Tested Design in 1—8 Weeks Recognizing and Preventing Them Fieldwork Data A7 Page 44 Page 44 Page 44

Course 7 Course 8 Collaborative Behavior and Supporting Technologies Where Usability Meets Desirability: Room Page 45 Visual Design with Personas and C3 Goals Page 45

Course 5 Almaden Personal Information Management in Theory and Practice Page 45 Ballroom I

Course 6 Almaden Usability and Product Development Page 45 Ballroom II

= 15 minutes = 30 minutes = unscheduled time

COMMONS SPECIAL EVENTS

Conference Reception & Exhibits Grand Opening Newcomers’ Orientation Spotlight on Doctoral Consortium, 18:30—22:00 10:30—11:30 Workshop, & Competition Posters (#1—60) Civic Auditorium 10:30—11:30 Concourse

CHI 2007 | San Jose, California, USA | 31 Monday | Morning | 8:30—10:30

■ OPENING PLENARY | Civic Auditorium

Reaching for the Intuitive Bill Moggridge, IDEO, USA

Abstract: Perhaps the mind is like an iceberg, with just a small proportion of the overall amount protruding above the water into consciousness, but the vast bulk of the subconscious submerged and out of sight. If we operate above the water line, we only have a small volume to use, but if we allow ourselves to use the whole submerged mass, we have a lot more to work with.

Bill will attempt to show how design thinking can harness intui- tive mental processes, leveraging tacit knowledge as well as the explicit knowledge of logically expressed thoughts. He will give examples of how designers and design teams learn by doing, allowing the subconscious mind to inform intuitions that guide actions. Some of the examples will come from his experience as Cofounder of IDEO, and others will be taken from his recent book Designing Interactions (www.designinginteractions.com), in which he interviews 40 influential designers who have shaped our interaction with digital technology.

Biography: Cofounder of IDEO, a firm that helps companies in- novate through the design of products, services, environments and digital experiences. Bill founded his design firm in London in 1969, adding a second office in 1979 in Palo Alto, at the heart of California’s Silicon Valley. He designed the first laptop com- puter, the GRiD Compass, and pioneered Interaction Design as a discipline. In 1991 he merged his company with David Kelley and Mike Nuttall to form IDEO, which now has offices in Palo Alto, San Francisco, Chicago, Boston, London, Munich, and Shanghai. Bill has been active in design education throughout his career, notably as Visiting Professor in Interaction design at the Royal College of Art in London, and Associate Professor in the Design program at Stanford University. He is most interested in what people want, who they are, and how they interact with other people, things, and places. His book Designing Interactions is available from The MIT Press.

■ CHI MADNESS | Civic Auditorium

SESSION CHAIRS: Patrick Baudisch, Microsoft, USA Gonzalo Ramos, University of Toronto, Canada

Confused about what to do next? Too many options for you to choose from? We end this session with CHI Madness. The presenters in many of today’s sessions will have 30 seconds to tell you what’s exciting about their presentation. It’s fast-paced; it’s fun; sometimes it’s even funny.

CHI’s 30 second Madness, which premiered in Montréal, returns to give everyone a lighting speed overview of the day’s program.

32 | Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 11:30—13:00 | Mid-Morning | Monday

■ INTERACTIVE SESSION | Civic Auditorium PAPER | Improving Recognition and Characterization in Groupware with Rich Embodiments Usability from the CIO’s Perspective Tadeusz Stach, Carl Gutwin, David Pinelle, University of MODERATORS: Saskatchewan, Canada James Euchner, Austin Henderson, Pitney Bowes, Inc., USA Pourang Irani, University of Manitoba, Canada Panelists: Presents evidence that rich embodiments (which represents Jan Roberts, Cisco, USA much more information about people than traditional Patty Seybold, The Seybold Group, USA embodiments) improve recognition and characterization in Patañjali S. Venkatacharya, Oracle, USA groupware, and can enhance richness and subtlety of interaction. There is significant frustration among business leaders and CIOs concerning the success of their systems in the field. There is an equal frustration among HCI professionals at the marginalized PAPER | Coordinating Joint Activity in role that usability often plays in systems development efforts. Avatar-Mediated Interaction These frustrations are, to a large extent, two sides of the same Robert J. Moore, PARC, USA coin. This panel will consider how successful CIOs manage the E. Cabell Gathman, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA apparently competing challenges of faster/better/cheaper Nicholas Ducheneaut, Eric Nickell, PARC, USA systems and the time and money required for developing highly usable systems. They will discuss the strategies and techniques A deeper understanding of user-to-user coordination in the that they use to integrate usability into systems design and avatar-mediated social interaction of online game worlds based development. on qualitative video analysis.

■ Special interest group | Room: A1 ■ PAPERS | Room: A3

Beyond Usability: Taking Social, Attention & Interruption Situational, Cultural, and Other SESSION CHAIR: Brian Bailey, University of Illinois, USA Contextual Factors into Account Moderators: PAPER | How it Works: A Field Study of Non-Technical Jina Huh, Mark Ackerman, University of Michigan, USA Users Interacting with an Intelligent System Thomas Erickson, IBM, USA Steve Harrison, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State Joe Tullio, Motorola Labs, USA University, USA Anind K. Dey, Jason Chalecki, Carnegie Mellon University, USA Phoebe Sengers, Cornell University, USA James Fogarty, University of Washington, USA This SIG will provide a forum for people to discuss current and We describe a novel field study of how users’ mental models future design approaches that move beyond usability. It will develop around an intelligent system. Designers can use our address both the relation of underlying paradigms and the results to design user interfaces to correct flawed mental models. relation of design and research.

PAPER | Matching Attentional Draw with Utility in Interruption ■ PAPERS | Room: A2 Jennifer Gluck, Andrea Bunt, Joanna McGrenere, University Faces & Bodies in Interaction of British Columbia, Canada SESSION CHAIR: Anne Anderson, University of Dundee, UK Demonstrates that matching interruption signal salience to interruption utility decreases annoyance and increases benefit. PAPER | A Meta-Analysis of the Impact of the Inclusion Applying this matching strategy will help mitigate the negative and Realism of Human-Like Faces on User Experiences perception of interruptions in many systems today. in Interfaces

Nicholas Yee, Jeremy N. Bailenson, Kathryn Rickertsen, PAPER | Biases in Human Estimation of Interruptibility: Stanford University, USA Effects and Implications for Practice

The meta-analysis of previous studies in the area of interface Daniel Avrahami, Carnegie Mellon University, USA agent research helps to synthesize the accumulated findings in James Fogarty, University of Washington, USA this area, and highlights noticeable effects and differences. Scott E. Hudson, Carnegie Mellon University, USA Describes a study examining the differences between self- reports of interruptibility, and estimates of that interruptibility, provided by others. Our findings are important for successful design of CMC and awareness systems.

CHI 2007 | San Jose, California, USA | 33 Monday | Mid-Morning | 11:30—13:00

■ PAPERS | Room: A4 & A5 Implementation of Interactive Poster “SuiPo”

Capturing Life Experiences Fuminori Tsunoda, Takayuki Matsumoto, Takeshi Nakagawa, Mariko Utsunomiya, East Japan Railway, Japan SESSION CHAIR: Sara Kiesler, Carnegie Mellon University, USA We discuss the implementation of new media “SuiPo,” or Suica PAPER | Understanding Videowork Poster, which uses a combination of IC card ticket Suica and Internet accessible mobile phone where customers can get David Kirk, University of Nottingham, UK e-mail information by touching their IC card ticket on the reader Abigail Sellen, Richard Harper, Ken Wood, Microsoft, UK located near the poster. Two pilot tests and their results are discussed. An in-depth study of how people work with home video, deriving two distinct sets of practices emerging from the interrelationship between technologies and users’ goals. Towards the Perfect Infrastructure for Usability Testing on Mobile Devices

PAPER | Software or Wetware? Discovering When and Rudy Schusteritsch, Carolyn Y. Wei, Google, USA Why People Use Digital Prosthetic Memory Mark LaRosa, Google & University of Michigan, USA

Vaiva Kalnikaite, Steve Whittaker, The University of Sheffield,UK We describe various setups that allow usability professionals to conduct effective user studies on mobile devices and describe A laboratory study examining the factors influencing people’s the factors relevant when building a solution for mobile device choice of when to use prosthetic memory or organic memory and observation, including a set-up developed for mobile testing. why. Can assist in developing effective memory aids.

Designing for Totality of Mobile and Non-Mobile PAPER | Do Life-Logging Technologies Support Memory Interaction: A Case Study for the Past? An Experimental Study Using SenseCam Shweta Aneja, Kosmix & Indiana University, Bloomington, USA Abigail Sellen, Andrew Fogg, Microsoft, UK Youn-Kyung Lim, Indiana University, Bloomington, USA Mike Aitken, University of Cambridge, UK Steve Hodges, Carsten Rother, Ken Wood, Microsoft, UK This project studied the mobile needs of users to support activities that closely relate to non-mobile contexts in the real Experimentally evaluates the efficacy of still images in triggering estate industry. We identified some unique challenges that such a the remembering of past personal events, having implications for mixed work environment proposes, such as recording contextual how we conceive of and the claims we make about “life-logging” data in the mobile environment and streamlining it with other technologies. related information in the non-mobile environment. We designed an integrated system of a web-based application “REMAP” (for information analysis) and a mobile device “NotePod” (for ■ EXPERIENCE REPORTS | Room: A8 information capture). On the Move SESSION CHAIR: Katie Minardo, MITRE Corporation, USA ■ PAPERS | Room: B1-B4

The LiLiPUT Prototype: A Wearable Lab Environment Large Displays for User Tests of Mobile Telecommunication SESSION CHAIR: Mary Czerwinski, Microsoft, USA Applications

Peter Reichl, Peter Froehlich, Lynne Baillie, Raimund Schatz, PAPER | An Exploratory Study of Input Configuration Antitza Dantcheva, Telecommunications Research Center and Group Process in a Negotiation Task Using a Vienna, Austria Large Display

In this paper we describe LiLiPUT (Lightweight Lab Equipment Jeremy P. Birnholtz, Tovi Grossman, Clarissa Mak, Ravin for Portable User Testing in Telecommunications), a highly Balakrishnan, University of Toronto, Canada flexible wearable test system which has been realized as a fully Explores differences in group process and competitive behavior operational prototype and illustrate how we use LiLiPUT for for groups using a shared large display with shared vs. individual testing mobile applications in the wild. input devices. Results inform design of large display interfaces.

34 | Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 11:30—13:00 | Mid-Morning | Monday

PAPER | Beyond Visual Acuity: The Perceptual Dynamics of Tilt-Based Browsing on Mobile Devices Scalability of Information Visualizations for Large Displays Sung-Jung Cho, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Republic of Korea Beth Yost, Yonca Haciahmetoglu, Chris North, Virginia Roderick Murray-Smith, Glasgow University & Hamilton Polytechnic Institute and State University, USA Institute, NUIM, UK Changkyu Choi, Younghoon Sung, Kwanghyeon Lee, Yeun-Bae Presents a study on the usefulness of displays that exceed visual Kim, Samsung, Republic of Korea acuity for scaling up information visualizations. Encourages designers to take advantage of larger displays for visualization. Demonstrates a tilt-controlled photo browsing method for small mobile devices is presented which uses continuous inputs from an accelerometer and a multimodal display. Shows how dynamics PAPER | White Rooms and Morphing Don’t Mix: Setting of the physical model can be shaped to make the handling and the Evaluation of Visualization Techniques qualities of the mobile device fit the browsing task and compares a tilt-based interaction method with a button-based browser and Derek Reilly, Kori M. Inkpen, Dalhousie University, Canada an iPod wheel.

We present a comparative evaluation examining the impact of experimental setting on the effectiveness of two visualization Soap: How to Make a Mouse Work in Mid-Air techniques. The results indicate that setting must be considered when evaluating visualizations. Patrick Baudisch, Mike Sinclair, Andrew Wilson, Microsoft, USA

In this demo, we demonstrate how to combine a mouse and a mouse pad into “soap,” a device that can be operated in mid air ■ INTERACTIVITY | Room: C2 with a single hand. We have used “soap” to control video games, interact with wall displays and Windows Media Center, and to give Shake, Rattle, and Roll: New Forms of slide presentations. Input and Output SESSION CHAIR: Lars Erik Holmquist, Viktoria Institute, I/O Brush: Beyond Static Collages Sweden Kimiko Ryokai, University of California, Berkeley, USA Tangible Programming in the Classroom with Tern Stefan Marti, Samsung Advanced Systems Research Lab, USA Hiroshi Ishii, MIT, USA Michael Horn, Robert J. K. Jacob, Tufts University, USA I/O Brush is our ongoing effort to empower people to create Demonstrates a tangible programming language for middle new expressions and meanings by painting with attributes of school and late elementary school students consisting of everyday objects and movements in their physical world. Using a collection of wooden blocks shaped like jigsaw puzzle examples from our case studies, we discuss I/O Brush’s most pieces. Provides the ability for teachers to conduct engaging distinguishing features and how they enable people to invent new programming activities in their classrooms. expressions and meaning making with objects in their physical environment. NOTE | Shoogle: Excitatory Multimodal Interaction on Mobile Devices GUIDe: Gaze-Enhanced User Interface Design

John Williamson, Roderick Murray-Smith, Stephen Hughes, Manu Kumar, Terry Winograd, Stanford University, USA University of Glasgow, UK Explores how gaze information can be effectively used as an Describes a novel audio and vibrotactile interface based on augmented input in addition to keyboard and mouse. Presents exciting information from a physical model. Sets out a foundation three practical applications of gaze as an augmented input for for building compelling non-visual, handheld multimodal pointing and selection, application switching, and scrolling. interfaces which include complex inference.

CHI 2007 | San Jose, California, USA | 35 Monday | Mid-Morning | 11:30—13:00

■ special interest group | Room: C4

Online Health Communities Moderators: Lisa Neal, Tufts University, USA Kate Oakley, Carleton University, USA Derek Hansen, University of Michigan, USA David Kaufman, New York State Psychiatric Institute & Columbia University, USA Jan Marco Leimeister, Technische Universität München, Germany Ted Selker, MIT, USA

This SIG will explore current trends in online health communities and how the design and evaluation expertise of the CHI community can benefit and improve online health community research and development.

36 | Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 14:30—16:00 | Afternoon | Monday

■ INTERACTIVE SESSION | Civic Auditorium PAPER | Authoring Sensor-Based Interactions by Demonstration with Direct Manipulation and Pattern Who killed Design?: Addressing Recognition Design Through an Interdisciplinary Bjoern Hartmann, Leith Abdulla, Stanford University, USA Investigation Manas Mittal, MIT, USA MODERATORS: Scott R. Klemmer, Stanford University, USA Scott Pobiner, Parsons The New School for Design, USA Contributes method and tool for rapidly designing sensor- Anijo Mathew, Mississippi State University, USA based interactions by demonstration, emphasizes control of Panelists: generalization criteria through integrating direct manipulation Bill Moggridge, IDEO, USA and pattern recognition, and offers theoretical and first-use lab Bill Buxton, Microsoft, USA evaluations. Terry Winograd, Stanford University, USA Meg Armstrong, Parsons The New School for Design, USA ■ This interactive session brings together significant voices from PAPERS | Room: A2 a variety of “design-engaged” disciplines to lead a discussion about the oft-used, but seldom agreed upon notion of “Design”. Mobile Interaction The primary goal of this session is to address “Design” from a SESSION CHAIR: Kori M. Inkpen, Dalhousie University, Canada much wider variety of perspectives than could occur within any singular discipline. In doing so, the session intends to re-visit the NOTE | Questions Not Answers: A Novel Mobile Search definitions of “Design”, “Designer”, and “Designed”. Technique

This session is intended to be truly “interactive” and will rely on Matt Jones, George Buchanan, University of Wales, Swansea, UK active discussion from the audience as well as panelists. In an Richard Harper, Pierre-Louis Xech, Microsoft, UK effort to jump-start the discussion and to facilitate what is likely to be a very broad range of perspectives the organizers have Presents a novel perspective on the mobile search problem set-up a , which all are encouraged to participate in editing. using low-cost, incidental information. Demonstrates how other people’s queries can provide users with insights into the locations they encounter. ■ PAPERS | Room: A1 NOTE | Tactile Feedback for Mobile Interactions Ubicomp Tools SESSION CHAIR: Beverly Harrison, Intel, USA Stephen Brewster, Faraz Chohan, Lorna Brown, University of Glasgow, UK PAPER | Momento: Support for Situated Ubicomp Presents two studies (one static, one mobile) investigating the Experimentation use of tactile feedback for enhancing touch-screen buttons. Scott Carter, FX Palo Alto Laboratory, USA Improves performance and reduces workload, even when users Jennifer Mankoff, Carnegie Mellon University, USA are mobile. Jeffrey Heer, Univeristy of California, Berkeley, USA

We present the iterative design of Momento, which supports NOTE | Revisiting and Validating a Model of Two-Thumb situated ubicomp experimentation, and demonstrate its use in Text Entry three studies. Momento supports remote testing and can gather quantitative and qualitative data. Edward Clarkson, Kent Lyons, James Clawson, Thad Starner, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA

This work contributes a comparison of a model of two-thumb text PAPER | Toolkit Support for Developing and Deploying entry with empirical data, modifies it to account for observed Sensor-Based Statistical Models of Human Situations behavior, and validates the revised model. James Fogarty, University of Washington, USA Scott E. Hudson, Carnegie Mellon University, USA

Presents Subtle, a toolkit that enables sensor-based statistical models of human situations. Subtle focuses research on applications and datasets, instead of the difficulties in collecting sensor data and learning models.

CHI 2007 | San Jose, California, USA | 37 Monday | Afternoon | 14:30—16:00

NOTE | Jump and Refine for Rapid Pointing on PAPER | Copy-and-Paste Between Overlapping Windows Mobile Phones Olivier Chapuis, Nicolas Roussel, Université Paris-Sud & CNRS, Martin Hachet, INRIA, France INRIA, France Joachim Pouderoux, LaBRI-INRIA, France Florence Tyndiuk, UTBM, France Presents a study comparing four copy-and-paste techniques Pascal Guitton, LaBRI-INRIA, France under four window management conditions. Introduces two new window management techniques that significantly reduce the The technique we propose improves the user performance for time to copy text between partially overlapping windows. pointing tasks on mobile phones when no pointing device is available. It favors the development of new mobile applications (e.g.. 3D). NOTE | Consistency, Multiple Monitors, and Multiple Windows

Dugald Hutchings, Bowling Green State University, USA ■ PAPERS | Room: A3 John Stasko, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA

Politics & Activism Lab study showing reduced navigation time for interacting with dialog boxes on multiple monitors when using the mudibo SESSION CHAIR: Jodi Forlizzi, Carnegie Mellon University, USA prototype. Illuminates broader problems with the concept of “consistency” for multiple-monitor interfaces. PAPER | Usability of Voting Systems: Baseline Data for Paper, Punch Cards, and Lever Machines NOTE | How Pairs Interact Over a Multimodal Michael D. Byrne, Kristen K. Greene, Sarah P. Everett, Rice University, USA Digital Table

This paper contributes information about the usability of Edward Tse, University of Calgary, Canada traditional pre-computer voting technologies, the benefit being Chia Shen, Mitsubishi Electric Research Labs, USA that new systems now have a point of comparison. Saul Greenberg, University of Calgary, Canada Clifton Forlines, Mitsubishi Electric Research Labs, USA

This paper presents the first observations of how pairs of people PAPER | A Game Design Methodology to Incorporate communicated and interacted in a multimodal digital table Activist Themes environment and contributes to the understanding of multi-user Mary Flanagan, Hunter College, CUNY, USA multimodal digital table interaction. Helen Nissenbaum, New York University, USA

The contribution our project makes to the next decade of game ■ PAPERS | Room: A8 design is a rigorous, systematic means to take human values into consideration in design at many levels. Medical SESSION CHAIR: David McDonald, University of Washington, USA ■ PAPERS | Room: A4 & A5 PAPER | An Observational Study on Information Flow During Shift Change Navigation & Interaction SESSION CHAIR: Patrick Baudisch, Microsoft, USA Charlotte Tang, Sheelagh Carpendale, University of Calgary, Canada PAPER | Move to Improve: Promoting Physical Observational study investigating information flow during shift Navigation to Increase User Performance with Large change in medical setting. Presents multitude of information Displays media involved in information assembly and disassembly and interplay between common and personal information space. Robert Ball, Chris North, Doug A. Bowman, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, USA

We contribute a greater understanding of user preference NOTE | Medical Sensemaking with Entity Workspace for, and performance with, physical and virtual navigation in Dorrit Billman, Eric A. Bier, PARC, USA visualizations. Readers learn how to afford increased physical navigation, leading to improved performance. Presents a new sensemaking tool for knowledge workers that integrates searching, reading, and note-taking. A user study provides guidance for developers of future tools and reveals multiple strategies users adopt.

38 | Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 14:30—16:00 | Afternoon | Monday

■ special interest group | Room: B1-B4 ■ Special Interest Group | Room: C4

Dealing with Key Challenges in Usability and Free/Libre/Open Source International Usability and User Software: HCI Expertise and Design Research Rationale Moderators: Moderators: David A. Siegel, Susan M. Dray, Dray & Associates, Inc., USA Paula M. Bach, John M. Carroll, The Pennsylvania State Rolf Molich, DialogDesign, Denmark University, USA Bryan Kirschner, Microsoft, USA In this SIG, we will present scenarios that exemplify many of the key challenges of doing user research and usability evaluation The purpose of this SIG is to bring together HCI professionals and internationally. We will use these to stimulate discussion researchers to discuss current issues in Free/Libre/Open Source about solutions and approaches, and then share our own Software. Specifically, this SIG looks at usability, the role of HCI recommendations. expertise, and design rationale in these projects.

■ PAPERS | Room: C2

Task & Attention SESSION CHAIR: Anthony Hornof, University of Oregon, USA

PAPER | A Cognitive Constraint Model of Dual-Task Trade-Offs in a Highly Dynamic Driving Task

Duncan P. Brumby, Drexel University, USA Andrew Howes, University of Manchester, UK Dario D. Salvucci, Drexel University, USA

Describes a modeling study of the strategic variations in distracted driving and their effects on driver performance. Demonstrates how a constraint modeling approach can be applied to complex dynamic tasks.

PAPER | iPod Distraction: Effects of Portable Music- Player Use on Driver Performance

Dario D. Salvucci, Daniel Markley, Mark Zuber, Duncan P. Brumby, Drexel University, USA

Describes an empirical study of driver distraction from portable music-player (iPod) interaction. Augments our understanding of “off-the-desktop” interaction in complex, multitasking environments.

PAPER | InkSeine: In Situ Search for Active Note Taking

Ken Hinckley, Microsoft, USA Shendong Zhao, Microsoft & University of Toronto, Canada Raman Sarin, Patrick Baudisch, Ed Cutrell, Michael Shilman, Desney S. Tan, Microsoft, USA

Prototype that supports active note taking by coupling a pen- and-ink interface with an in situ search facility that flows directly from a user’s ink notes.

CHI 2007 | San Jose, California, USA | 39 Monday | Late Afternoon | 16:30—18:00

■ INTERACTIVE SESSION | Civic Auditorium PAPER | Approaches to Web Search and Navigation for Older Computer Novices Taking CHI for a Drive: Interaction in the Car Anna Dickinson, University of Dundee, UK Michael J. Smith, Fujitsu, UK Panelists: John L. Arnott, Alan F. Newell, University of Dundee, UK David M. Krum, Bosch Research and Technology Center, USA Robin L. Hill, University of Edinburgh, UK Dietrich Manstetten, Robert Bosch, GmbH, Germany Clifford Nass, Stanford University, USA Development and evaluation of proof-of-concept web search and K. Venkatesh Prasad, Ford Motor Company, USA navigation system for older novice computer users. Supports Roberto Sicconi, IBM, USA older, inexperienced users in initial encounters with web. We offer possible approaches for interface researchers. With the increasing number of cars on the road, longer commutes, and the proliferation of complex information and entertainment features, there is a greater need for careful ■ PAPERS | Room: A2 interaction design in the car. The automobile is a challenging environment for designing and deploying good user interfaces. Interaction designers must balance brand identity, safety, Mobile Applications legislation, and manufacturability, among other issues. In this SESSION CHAIR: Scott McCrickard, Virginia Polytechnic panel, practitioners and researchers from industry, industrial Institute and State University, USA labs, and academia will discuss the challenges of interaction design in an automotive environment. While some members of NOTE | Designing a Mobile User Interface for the CHI community are active in the automotive field, the general Automated Species Identification CHI community may not be aware of this work, the open research issues, and opportunities for collaboration in this area. This panel Sean White, Dominic Marino, Steven Feiner, Columbia will provide an introduction into HCI research in the automotive University, USA industry. Some successful examples of interaction design will be discussed, as well as a few not-so-successful examples. Questions Our contribution focuses on design research and user interface and comments from the audience are welcomed. techniques for mobile devices relevant to automated vision- based identification in the field.

■ PAPERS | Room: A1 NOTE | BrickRoad: A Light-Weight Tool for Spontaneous Design of Location-Enhanced Applications Expert/Novice Alan L. Liu, Yang Li, University of Washington, USA SESSION CHAIR: Paul Aoki, Intel, USA BrickRoad supports the spontaneous design of location- PAPER | Sharing a Single Expert Among Multiple enhanced applications using the wizard to simulate both location Partners and application logic. We believe this tool will lower the threshold for prototyping location-enhanced applications. Jeffrey Wong, Jiazhi Ou, Carnegie Mellon University, USA Lui Min Oh, DSO National Laboratories, Singapore Carolyn P. Rosé, Jie Yang, Susan R. Fussell, Carnegie Mellon NOTE | Psychophysical Elements of Wearability University, USA Lucy E. Dunne, Barry Smyth, University College Dublin, Ireland Preliminary laboratory study exploring how an expert helps two novices simultaneously on physical tasks. Provides design Explores the psychological and physiological components implications and an algorithm for predicting attention shifts in a of wearability, the human-device interface of wearable mediated system. technology. Helps designers to understand the way in which worn technologies become part of the body schema.

PAPER | Dynamic Detection of Novice vs. Skilled Use Without a Task Model

Amy Hurst, Scott E. Hudson, Jennifer Mankoff, Carnegie Mellon University, USA

Describes machine learning based techniques to automatically detect expertise from low-level pointing interactions using statistical models with 91% accuracy, and explores how to dynamically adapt the interface with this knowledge.

40 | Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 16:30—18:00 | Late Afternoon | Monday

NOTE | The Tilt Cursor: Enhancing Stimulus-Response PAPER | PageLinker: Integrating Contextual Bookmarks Compatibility by Providing 3D Orientation Cue of Pen into a Browser

Feng Tian, Xiang Ao, Hongan Wang, Institute of Software, Aurélien Tabard, Wendy E. Mackay, Nicolas Roussel, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China Université Paris-Sud & CNRS, INRIA, France Vidya Setlur, Nokia, USA Catherine Letondal, Institut Pasteur, France Guozhong Dai, Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China Presents the participatory design and a controlled longitudinal field study with research biologists of PageLinker, a browser Describes a new cursor for enhancing stimulus-response extension that significantly reduces pageloads and time spent on compatibility of touchpad, that dynamically reshapes itself to web navigation tasks. providing 3D orientation cue of pen. The cursor can significantly reduce response latencies in drawing. ■ PAPERS | Room: A4 & A5 PAPER | How Younger and Older Adults Master the Usage of Hyperlinks in Small Screen Devices Photo Sharing SESSION CHAIR: Jakob Bardram, IT University of Martina Ziefle, Ulrik Schroeder, Judith Strenk, Thomas Michel, Copenhagen, Denmark RWTH Aachen University, Germany PAPER | Give and Take: A Study of Consumer Photo- This research introduces a software tool for analyzing navigation paths. The outcomes contribute to the understanding how older Sharing Culture and Practice adults interact with small screen devices and which difficulties Andrew Miller, Schematic, USA they experience when using hyperlinks. W. Keith Edwards, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA

Describes one of the first examinations of the community of ■ PAPERS | Room: A3 practice around Flickr.com, especially in contrast to traditional consumer photographers. Provides design implications for Navigation meeting needs of consumer photographers. SESSION CHAIR: Robert J. K. Jacob, Tufts University, USA PAPER | Over-Exposed? Privacy Patterns and PAPER | Modeling Steering within Above-the-Surface Considerations in Online and Mobile Photo Sharing Interaction Layers Shane Ahern, Dean Eckles, Nathaniel S. Good, Simon King, Ragu Kattinakere, University of Saskatchewan, Canada Mor Naaman, Rahul Nair, Yahoo!, USA Tovi Grossman, University of Toronto, Canada Sriram Subramanian, University of Saskatchewan, Canada Qualitative and quantitative study of privacy decisions in mobile and online photo sharing, using previously unavailable, context- Investigates human capabilities when steering through above- rich data. We provide a taxonomy of privacy considerations, and the-surface interaction layers. Proposed models are verified, implications for content-sharing systems. which can be used to guide the design of future interaction techniques. PAPER | EasyAlbum: An Interactive Photo Annotation System PAPER | Quantifying Degree of Goal Directedness in Document Navigation: Application to the Evaluation of Jingyu Cui, Tsinghua University, China the Perspective-Drag Technique Fang Wen, Rong Xiao, Microsoft, China Yuandong Tian, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China Yves Guiard, Université Mediterranee & CNRS, France Xiaoou Tang, Microsoft, China Yangzhou Du, Olivier Chapuis, Université Paris-Sud & CNRS, INRIA, France We propose a novel interactive UI for semi-automatic photo annotation. The key contributions are: “cluster annotation”, Introduces degree of goal directedness (DGD), an important “contextual re-ranking”, and “ad hoc annotation”. new quantitative dimension for taxonomizing HCI tasks, and implements the DGD concept to the evaluation of perspective- drag, a novel technique.

CHI 2007 | San Jose, California, USA | 41 Monday | Late Afternoon | 16:30—18:00

■ EXPERIENCE REPORTS | Room: A8 ■ PAPERS | Room: B1-B4

Qualitative Research Methods Empirical Studies of Web Interaction SESSION CHAIR: Jeanette Blomberg, IBM, USA SESSION CHAIR: Joanna McGrenere, University of British Columbia, Canada How to Look Beyond What Users Say They Want PAPER | An Exploration of Web-Based Monitoring: Younghee Jung, Nokia, Japan Implications for Design Akseli Anttila, Nokia, Finland Melanie Kellar, Carolyn Watters, Kori M. Inkpen, Dalhousie This report shares our experience with a strategic design University, Canada project for defining the key user experience scenarios in utilizing location information available on mobile devices. Examines web-based monitoring in the context of web information tasks. Provides both general and task specific implications for the design of future monitoring tools. Common & Particular Needs: A Challenge to Participatory Design PAPER | Investigating Attractiveness in Web User Rachel Bellamy, John Richards, Rhonda Rosenbaum, Thomas Interfaces Erickson, Wendy A. Kellogg, John C. Thomas, Jonathan Brezin, Cal Swart, IBM, USA Jan Hartmann, Alistair Sutcliffe, Antonella De Angeli, University of Manchester, UK We argue that participatory design projects that appear to lead to a successful technical solution may appear less successful Introduces a theoretical framework for assessing the when viewed from the perspectives of how well the solution attractiveness of websites, influence of context, and user- will support evolving work practices, or how well the solution background on experience with websites. which is analyzed in an supports the particular and contextual tasks of individuals. We empirical study. Implications for UI-design are discussed. illustrate these issues with a design story in which a risk and compliance visualization is designed to support controllers who monitor IBM’s controls process. To address the issues PAPER | The Relationship Between Accessibility and we raise, we conclude by reframing the participatory design Usability of Websites problem as the design, education, and socialization of end-user programming. Helen Petrie, Omar Kheir, University of York, UK Possible relationships between accessibility and usability and Learning Observation Skills by Making Peanut Butter the importance of the ratings of user problems are addressed. A and Jelly Sandwiches study with blind and sighted participants is presented to address these issues. Juan P. Hourcade, Olga Garcia, Keith Perry, University of Iowa, USA

In this report we describe our experience conducting a class activity where students learned and practiced observation skills in small groups making peanut butter and jelly sandwiches. The groups then used their observations to sketch designs for a peanut butter and jelly maker that they presented to the class. We found that the activity helped students learn about the difficulties involved in observing and being observed. It also taught them about the value of observing users, even if they are performing tasks familiar to the observer.

Pottering: A Design-Oriented Investigation

Susan P. Wyche, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA Alex Taylor, Microsoft, UK Joseph ‘Jofish’ Kaye,Cornell University, USA

In this paper we examine a ubiquitous yet overlooked aspect of home-life, pottering. The Oxford English Dictionary defines pottering as “To occupy oneself in an ineffectual or trifling way; to work or act in a feeble or desultory manner; to trifle, to dabble.” We attempt to give shape to the practice of pottering, and in doing so aim to demonstrate its value in exploring how technology should manifest itself in the home.

42 | Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 16:30—18:00 | Late Afternoon | Monday

■ ALT.CHI | Room: C2 ■ Special Interest Group | Room: C4

Evaluating Evaluation Let’s Get Emotional: Emotion Research Session chair: Barry Brown, Glasgow University, UK in Human Computer Interaction Moderators: The Evolution of Evaluation (30 min) Elizabeth Crane, University of Michigan, USA N. Sadat Shami, Cornell Univeristy, USA Joseph ‘Jofish’ Kaye, Phoebe Sengers,Cornell University, USA Christian Peter, Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics, We provide a historical context for assessing evaluation methods Germany by explicating the history of evaluation in HCI. We trace the The aim of this SIG is to bring together an interdisciplinary group history of evaluation in the field from electrical engineering of researchers and practitioners actively working on projects and computer science, to experimental approaches drawn from where emotion is an essential component. The goals of the SIG cognitive science, to usability’s emphasis on in-situ studies and are to identify current themes related to emotion specific HCI expertise. work and discuss strategies for moving forward.

From Mice to Men — 24 Years of Evaluation in CHI (20 min)

Louise Barkhuus, University of Glasgow, UK Jennifer A. Rode, University of California, Irvine, USA

This paper analyzes trends in the approach to evaluation taken by CHI Papers in the last 24 years. A set of papers was analyzed according to our schema for classifying type of evaluation. Our analysis traces papers’ trend in type and scope of evaluation. Findings include an increase in the proportion of papers that include evaluation and a decrease in the median number of subjects in quantitative studies.

Make Evaluation Poverty History (20 min)

Gilbert Cockton, University of Sunderland, UK

Argues for the need to ground evaluation in achieved worth rather than established psychological measures, and proposes the use of worth maps, based on approaches from consumer psychology, to do so, providing a shared representation for design and evaluation.

Public Usability Laboratory (20 min)

Ana Klasnja, Ontario Science Centre, Canada

This case study describes the concept of a public usability laboratory within a science museum environment. The integration of formal and community education will improve accessibility of cutting edge research and stimulate creativity.

CHI 2007 | San Jose, California, USA | 43 Monday Courses

COURSE 12 | Room: A6 Intended Audience: No background is expected; the course will off the most value to those leading user experience aspects of Usability Process Improvement — ISO Standards projects. Attendees will learn the 3 variants of Rapid CD and how 11:30—13:00 to select the right one, guidelines for selecting the right number and mix of customers given available time and project type, and INSTRUCTOR: how to create day-by-day schedules based on project scope and Nigel Bevan, Professional Usability Services, UK available time, including agile iterations

Benefits: Participants will become familiar with the ISO 18529 model for human-centred design, and learn how to use this COURSE 10 | Room: A7 to identify areas where an organization needs to improve its usability capability. The approach can be used informally for Top Field Interview Mistakes: process improvement, or for more formal assessments of usability capability. Recognizing and Preventing Them 14:30—16:00 Intended Audience: Anyone who has some responsibility for user centered design in their organization, or who would like to INSTRUCTOR: make a case for improving their organizational capability. Basic Karen Holtzblatt, InContext Enterprises, USA familiarity with the area of user centered design is assumed. Benefits: The Top Mistakes format serve as a framework to explain the underlying principles of Contextual Inquiry interviewing and point out the most common or problematic COURSE 13 | Room: A6 pitfalls that interviewers can fall into. Attendees will learn tested techniques for getting the most out of interviews with users, An Introduction to Human-Robot Interaction Design which they can both use for improving their own skills and as and Evaluation a framework for assisting others in their organizations. The 14:30—18:00 course also provides practical

INSTRUCTOR: Do’s and Don’ts tips for interviewing, and interviewing style Jean Scholtz, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory,USA characterizations that illustrate ineffective styles.

Benefits: The objective of this course is to provide experienced Intended Audience: No specific background is required. It is HCI researchers and practitioners with an overview of a new appropriate for all roles. area: human-robot interaction (HRI). The course will introduce the types of robots and the challenges associated with user interfaces for various robot types. The evaluation segment will COURSE 11 | Room: A7 describe current efforts in usability and utility evaluation and outline areas where modification of traditional HCI methods are After the Interviews: Making Sense of Fieldwork Data needed for HRI evaluation. 16:30—18:00 Intended Audience: The audience should be knowledgeable in HCI evaluation methods (usability testing, user modeling, field INSTRUCTOR: studies, etc.). The design segment of the course will outline Sara Bly, Sara Bly Consulting, USA the challenges associated with designing user interfaces and interactions for robots. This material is essential to understand Benefits: A growing number of HCI researchers and in order to design effective evaluations. practitioners use the results of fieldwork to guide the design of interactive systems and technologies. Often it is tempting to assume that collecting the data is the main task of fieldwork. However, the need for systematic analysis COURSE 9 | Room: A7 of the data is a critical part of uncovering and justifying valid findings. This course provides an overview of several How to Collect Field Data and Produce a Tested Design methods for making sense of the fieldwork data with in 1—8 Weeks examples and in-class exercises.

11:30—13:00 Intended Audience: The course is intended for participants who have some familiarity with open-ended interview INSTRUCTOR: and observation techniques and for participants who have some Karen Holtzblatt, InContext Enterprises, USA experience conducting fieldwork and wish to broaden their repertoire of techniques. It is not intended for those who are Benefits: Rapid Contextual Design provides tools for infusing trained in qualitative study methodologies or customer data into designs, even when resources and schedules for those with considerable experience in fieldwork data are restricting. Learn guidelines for selecting customers, collection and analysis. creating schedules, and working inside agile development iterations.

44 | Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Monday Courses

COURSE 7 | Room: C 3 COURSE 5 | Almaden Ballroom I

Collaborative Behavior and Supporting Technologies Personal Information Management in Theory 11:30—16:00 and Practice 11:30—18:00 INSTRUCTORS: Steven Poltrock, Boeing Phantom Works, USA INSTRUCTORS: Jonathan Grudin, Microsoft, USA William Jones, University of Washington, USA Jacek Gwizdka, Rutgers University, USA Benefits: You will learn about collaboration and technologies designed to support collaboration in the workplace. The focus is Benefits: Personal Information Management (PIM) includes on collaboration practices and technologies that are currently the acquisition, organization, maintenance and retrieval of emerging or advancing into widespread use, and on the human information by an individual in support of his/her roles and computer interaction challenges that are encountered. activities. This course provides an overview of PIM both as a field of inquiry and as an activity that all of us perform every day. Intended Audience: The course is designed for anyone interested in collaboration and its challenges. Intended Audience: The course is designed for a general audience. Researchers will learn about PIM as a field of inquiry and will be able to map from key activities and fundamental problems of PIM to an evaluation of tools and strategies. COURSE 8 | Room: C 3 Everyone who attends will gain a deeper understanding of PIM, its fundamental problems, the roles it plays in daily life, how Where Usability Meets Desirability: selected strategies and supporting tools can help, and how the Visual Design with Personas and Goals new directions in research and development will likely impact 16:30—18:00 our practices of PIM.

INSTRUCTORS: Kim Goodwin, Cooper, USA COURSE 6 | Almaden Ballroom II Nate Fortin, Cooper, USA

Benefits: Visual design contributes to usability by clarifying Usability and Product Development hierarchy and relationships, making type more readable, and 11:30—18:00 making screens less cluttered. It enhances desirability by appealing to our aesthetic sense and emotions. This course INSTRUCTOR: focuses on how field research, personas, and requirements Jon Meads, Usability Architects, Inc., USA provide effective means for doing so. Benefits: Attendees will obtain a better understanding of why After this course, attendees should understand how to usability engineering is needed — why something that seems differentiate between interaction design and visual interface so simple is so difficult to achieve in practice. They will obtain design skills, use research and personas to guide the emotional an understanding of what the various usability engineering and aesthetic aspects of a design, develop and get consensus on techniques and methods provide when they are appropriate, visual design requirements, and use requirements to develop and how to integrate them into the development process (both and present visual design style studies. standard and Agile). Finally they will understand the strategic value of usability engineering, where to find the ROI for it, Intended Audience: Usability and design practitioners who and how to include the usability engineering function in their want a rigorous way to approach visual design decisions. Some organization. familiarity with field research, personas, and using scenarios to guide interaction design is helpful, but not required. This is a course on product development — not one on user interface guidelines or on the “how to” of usability engineering methods and techniques

Intended Audience: Managers and project leaders with responsibility for developing usable products who have little or no knowledge of usability engineering techniques and methods.

CHI 2007 | San Jose, California, USA | 45 Notes

46 | Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Acknowledgements CONTINUED

Papers Reviewers – continued Ron Wakkary, Simon Fraser University, Canada ■ Notes Associate Chairs Bruce Walker, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA S. Shyam Sundar, The Pennsylvania State University, Steven Wall, University of Glasgow, UK Simone Barbosa, PUC-Rio, Brazil USA Gerd Waloszek, SAP, Germany Julian Bleecker, University of Southern California, USA Alistair Sutcliffe, University of Manchester, UK Shuo Wang, Microsoft, China Barry Brown, University of Glasgow, UK Gunnvald Svendsen, Telenor R&D, Norway Matthew Ward, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, USA AJ Brush, Microsoft, USA Leila Takayama, Stanford University, USA Nigel Ward, University of Texas, El Paso, USA Mike Byrne, Rice University, USA Desney Tan, Microsoft, USA Martin Wattenberg, IBM, USA Patrick Chiu, FX Palo Alto Laboratory, USA Charlotte Tang, University of Calgary, Canada Leon Watts, University of Bath, UK Davor Cubranic, Business Objects SA, Canada Anthony Tang, University of British Columbia, Canada Gerhard Weber, Multimedia Campus Kiel, Germany Laurent Denoue, FX Palo Alto Laboratory, USA John Tang, IBM, USA Dane Webster, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State Garett Dworman, Tec-Ed, USA Steven Tanimoto, University of Washington, USA University, USA Ame Elliott, PARC, USA Craig Tashman, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA Stephan Weibelzahl, National College of Ireland, Ireland Shelly Farnham, Farnham Research, USA Deborah Tatar, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State Alexandra Weilenmann, University of Göteborg, Sweden Danyel Fisher, Microsoft, USA University, USA Suzanne Weisband, University of Arizona, USA Scott Golder, Hewlett-Packard, USA Alex Taylor, Microsoft, UK Justin Weisz, Carnegie Mellon University, USA Marti Hearst, University of California, Berkeley, USA Jaime Teevan, MIT, USA Martin Wetterstrand, Århus University, Denmark Jim Herbsleb, Carnegie Mellon University, USA Alexandru Telea, Eindhoven University of Technology, Alan Wexelblat, Charles River Associates, USA Jim Hudson, PayPal, USA the Netherlands Ryen White, Microsoft, USA Satoshi Ichimura, Tokyo University of Technology, Japan Lucia Terrenghi, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Sean White, Columbia University, USA Katherine Isbister, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, USA Germany Steve Whittaker, Sheffield University,UK Quentin Jones, New Jersey Institute of Technology, USA Michael Terry, University of Waterloo, Canada Mikael Wiberg, Umea University, Sweden Andruid Kerne, Texas A&M University, USA Loren Terveen, University of Minnesota, USA Susan Wiedenbeck, Drexel University, USA Joe McCarthy, Nokia, USA Jakob Tholander, Södertörn University College, Sweden Meredith Morris, Microsoft, USA

Daniel Wigdor, University of Toronto, Canada Tuesday Bruce Thomas, University of South Australia, Australia Eric Wilcox, IBM, USA Dianne Murray, Independent Consultant, UK John Thomas, IBM, USA Pete Willemsen, University of Minnesota, Duluth, USA Les Nelson, PARC, USA Jennifer Thom-Santelli, Cornell University, USA Amanda Williams, University of California, Irvine, USA Elin Pederson, Microsoft, USA James Thornton, PARC, USA Gary Wills, University of Southampton, UK Mark Perry, Brunel University, UK Ramayah Thurasamy, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Max Wilson, University of Southampton, UK Pearl Pu, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Malaysia Michael Wilson, CCLRC Rutherford Appleton Switzerland Peter Tolmie, Nottingham University, UK Laboratory, UK Frank Ritter, The Pennsylvania State University, USA Stefanie Tomko, Carnegie Mellon University, USA Andrew Wilson, Microsoft, USA Diane Schiano, PARC, USA Bill Tomlinson, University of California, Irvine, USA Stefan Winkler, National University of Singapore, Frank Vetere, University of Melbourne, Australia Elaine Toms, Dalhousie University, Canada Singapore Fernanda Viegas, IBM, USA Cristen Torrey, Carnegie Mellon University, USA Terry Winograd, Stanford University, USA Melanie Tory, University of Victoria, Canada Jacob Wobbrock, University of Washington, USA ■ Notes Reviewers Noam Tractinsky, Ben-Gurion University, Israel Tracee Wolf, IBM, USA Erin Treacy, Tufts University, USA Steven Wolfman, University of British Columbia, Canada Mark Ackerman, University of Michigan, USA Marilyn Tremaine, Rutgers University, USA Christa Womser-Hacker, University of Hildesheim, Piotr Adamczyk, University of Illinois, Urbana- Shari Trewin, IBM, USA Germany Champaign, USA Jennifer Trich Kremer, The Pennsylvania State Pak-Chung Wong, Pacific Northwest National Ray Adams, Middlesex University, UK University Erie, The Behrend College, USA Laboratory, USA Eytan Adar, University of Washington, USA Philippe Truillet, IRIT CNRS, France Jeffrey Wong, Carnegie Mellon University, USA John Adcock, FX Palo Alto Laboratory, USA Khai Truong, University of Toronto, Canada Kenneth Wood, Microsoft, UK Ammar Ahmed, CSIRO, Australia Theophanis Tsandilas, University of Toronto, Canada Allison Woodruff, Intel, USA Ryan Aipperspach, Intel, USA Manfred Tscheligi, University of Salzburg, Austria Christopher Wren, Mitsubishi Electric Research Fahim Akhter, Zayed University, United Arab Emirates Edward Tse, University of Calgary, Canada Laboratory, USA Diane Alonso, University of Maryland, Baltimore Yuan-Chi Tseng, University of Manchester, UK Mike Wu, The University of Toronto, Canada County, USA Joe Tullio, Carnegie Mellon University, USA Susan Wyche, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA Brian Amento, AT&T, USA Susan Turner, Napier University, UK Peta Wyeth, University of Queensland, Australia Morgan Ames, Stanford University, USA Michael Twidale, University of Illinois, Urbana- Yan Xiao, Human Factors & Technology Research, USA Pedro Antunes, University of Lisboa, Portugal Champaign, USA Jun Xiao, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA Ana Carolina Araujo, PUC-Rio, Brazil Brygg Ullmer, MIT, USA Lu Xiao, The Pennsylvania State University, USA Timo Arnall, Oslo School of Architecture & Design, Richard Urban, University of Illinois, Urbana- Xing Xie, Microsoft, China Norway Champaign, USA Murat Yakici, University of Strathclyde, UK Ashwini Asokan, Intel, USA Gerrit van der Veer, Open Universiteit Nederland, the Jing Yang, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, USA Brent Auernheimer, California State University, Fresno, Netherlands Nicole Yankelovich, Sun Microsystems, USA USA Frank van Ham, IBM, USA Yunwen Ye, University of Colorado, USA Anne Aula, Tampere University of Techonlogy, Finland Nancy Van House, University of California, Berkeley, Ka-Ping Yee, University of California, Berkeley, USA Jeff Axup, University of Queensland, Australia USA Ron Yeh, Stanford University, USA Julie Baca, Mississippi State University, USA Henriette Van Vugt, Free University, the Netherlands Alvin Yeo, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Malaysia Maribeth Back, USA Jarke van Wijk, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, the Min Yin, IBM, USA Brian Bailey, University of Illinois, USA Netherlands Beth Yost, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State Sameer Bajaj, New York University, USA Ravi Vatrapu, University of Hawaii, Manoa, USA University, USA Marko Balabanovic, lastminute.com, UK Catherine Vaucelle, MIT, USA Richard Young, University College London, UK Sandrine Balbo, The University of Melbourne, Australia Elizabeth Veinott, Klein Associates, USA Mihaela Zahariev, Simon Fraser University, Canada Dirk Balfanz, PARC, USA Gina Venolia, Microsoft, USA Panayiotis Zaphiris, City University, UK Rafael Ballagas, RWTH Aachen University, Germany Colin Venters, University of Manchester, UK Robert Zeleznik, Brown University, USA Simone Barbosa, PUC-Rio, Brasil Alonso Vera, NASA, USA Shumin Zhai, IBM, USA Jeffrey Bardzell, Indiana University, USA Frederic Vernier, Université Paris XI, France Xiaolong Zhang, University of Arizona, USA Louise Barkhuus, University of Glasgow, UK Roel Vertegaal, Queen’s University, Canada Sam Zheng, Seimens, USA Arianna Bassoli, London School of Economics, UK Fernanda Viégas, IBM, USA Michelle Zhou, IBM, USA Thomas Baudel, ILOG, France Stephen Viller, University of Queensland, Australia Martina Ziefle,RWTH Aachen University, Germany Patrick Baudisch, Microsoft, USA Juergen Vogel, European Media Lab, Germany Juergen Ziegler, University of Duisburg-Essen, Eric Baumer, University of California, Irvine, USA Daniel Vogel, University of Toronto, Canada Germany Martin Beer, Sheffield Hallam University,UK Stephen Voida, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA Jamie Zigelbaum, Tufts University, USA Andrew Begel, Microsoft, USA Amy Voida, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA John Zimmerman, Carnegie Mellon University, USA Wolfgang Beinhauer, Fraunhofer Institute for Lucian Voinea, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, the Alexander Zotov, Microsoft, USA Industrial Engineering, Germany Netherlands Blaine Bell, Schrodinger, USA Dirk Vom Lehn, King’s College London, UK Marek Bell, University of Glasgow, UK

CONTINUES ON BACK Acknowledgements CONTINUED

notes Reviewers – continued Maira de Paula, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Feng Guo, Arizona State University, USA de Janeiro, Brasil Ankur Gupta, New Jersey Institute of Technology, USA Peter Benda, The University of Melbourne, Australia Marco de Sá, University of Lisbon, Portugal Jonna Häkkilä, Nokia, Finland Steve Benford, University of Nottingham, UK Clarisse de Souza, PUC-Rio, Brazil Malcolm Hall, University of Glasgow, UK Regina Bernhaupt, Salzburg University, Austria David Demirdjian, MIT, USA Michael Haller, Upper Austria University of Applied Suresh Bhavnani, University of Michigan, USA Brent Dennis, North Carolina State University, USA Sciences, Austria Jacob Biehl, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Laurent Denoue, FX Palo Alto Laboratory, USA Dong-Han Ham, Middlesex University, UK USA Guy Dewsbury, Lancaster University, UK Tracy Hammond, Texas A&M University, USA Kim Binsted, University of Hawaii, USA Nicholas Diakopoulos, Georgia Institute of Technology, Mark Handel, University of Michigan, USA Jeremy Birnholtz, University of Toronto, Canada USA Thomas Hansen, Aarhus University, Denmark Staffan Björk, Interactive Institute, Sweden Joan DiMicco, MIT, USA Chandra Harrison, University of York, UK Julian Bleecker, Art Technologist, USA Ellen Yi-Luen Do, Carnegie Mellon University, USA Bjoern Hartmann, Stanford University, USA Eli Blevis, Indiana University, USA Ellen Yi-Luen Do, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA Kirstie Hawkey, Dalhousie University, Canada Mark Blythe, University of York, UK Hilko Donker, Dresden University of Technology, Gillian Hayes, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA Richard Boardman, Google, USA Germany Christopher Healey, North Carolina State University, Clara Boj, Interaction and Entertainment Research Steven Dow, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA USA Center, Singapore Silke Dr. Lang, ETH Zurich, Switzerland Marti Hearst, University of California, Berkeley, USA Susanne Boll, University of Oldenburg, Germany Carlos Duarte, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal Chris Heathcote, Nokia, Finland Claus Bossen, University of Aarhus, Denmark Andrew Duchowski, Clemson University, USA Jeffrey Heer, University of California, Berkeley, USA Dominic Bouwhuis, Technical University Eindhoven, the Garett Dworman, Tec-Ed, Inc., USA Ilona Heldal, Chalmers University of Technology, Netherlands Catherine Dwyer, Pace University, USA Sweden Susan Boyce, Tellme Networks, USA Serge Egelman, Carnegie Mellon University, USA Austin Henderson, Pitney Bowes, USA Danah Boyd, University of California, Berkeley, USA Ame Elliott, PARC, USA Jim Herbsleb, Carnegie Mellon University, USA Erin Bradner, University of California, Irvine, USA David England, Liverpool John Moores University, UK Roxanne Hiltz, New Jersey Institute of Technology, USA Stephen Brewster, University of Glasgow, UK Mattias Esbjörnsson, Mobility, The Interactive Institute, Bernie Hogan, University of Toronto, Canada Christina Brodersen, University of Aarhus, Denmark Sweden Jason Hong, Carnegie Mellon University, USA Peter Brown, RealityAllStarz, USA Katherine Everitt, University of Washington, USA Kristina Hook, Stockholm University, Sweden Lorna Brown, Microsoft, UK Rod Farmer, The University of Melbourne, Australia Ben Hooker, Royal College of Art, UK Barry Brown, University of Glasgow, UK Shelly Farnham, Microsoft, USA Eva Hornecker, Technical University Vienna, Austria Amy Bruckman, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA J. Shawn Farris, Atlantic Human Factors, USA Thomas Horton, North Carolina State University, USA Duncan Brumby, Drexel University, USA Jonathan Feinberg, IBM, USA Juan Pablo Hourcade, University of Iowa, USA A.J. Brush, Microsoft, USA Daniel Felix, ergonomie & technologie (e&t) GmbH, Steve Howard, The University of Melbourne, Australia Mike Brzozowski, Hewlett-Packard, USA Switzerland Andrew Howes, University of Manchester, UK Sam Bucolo, Australasian CRC for Interaction Design, Sue Fenley, Reading University, UK Elaine Huang, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA Australia Bob Fields, Middlesex University, UK Jim Hudson, PayPal, USA Daniela Busse, SAP, USA Thomas Finholt, University of Michigan, USA Amy Hurst, Carnegie Mellon University, USA Michael Byrne, Rice University, USA Andrew Fiore, University of California, Berkeley, USA Hilary Hutchinson, Google, USA Kelly Caine, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA Danyel Fisher, Microsoft, USA Ebba Thora Hvannberg, University of Iceland, Iceland John Canny, University of California, Berkeley, USA Andrea Forte, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA Giovanni Iachello, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA Luis Carriço, University of Lisbon, Portugal Brooke Foucault, Northwestern University, USA Satoshi Ichimura, Tokyo University of Technology, Scott Carter, University of California, Berkeley, USA Katrin Franke, Fraunhofer IPK, Germany Japan Will Carter, USA Peter Fröhlich, Telecommunications Research Center Pourang Irani, University of Manitoba, Canada Marc Cavazza, University of Tesside, UK Vienna, Austria Katherine Isbister, USA Anna Cavender, University of Washington, USA Erik Frøkjær, Københavns Universitet, Denmark Yuichi Itoh, Osaka University, Japan Ann-Marie Chadwick-Dias, Fidelity Investments, USA Sara Gatmir motahari, New Jersey Institute of Wassim Jabi, New Jersey Institute of Technology, USA Bay-Wei Chang, Google, USA Technology, USA Alejandro Jaimes, FujiXerox, Japan Angela Chang, MIT, USA William Gaver, Goldsmiths College, UK Jhilmil Jain, Hewlett-Packard, USA Dr Jarinee Chattratichart, Kingston University, UK Darren Gergle, Northwestern University, USA Frankie James, SAP, USA Ling Chen, Zhejiang University, China Jennifer Gibbs, Rutgers University, USA Anthony Jameson, German Research Institute for Li-Te Cheng, IBM, USA Juan Gilbert, Auburn University, USA Artificial Intelligence,Germany Gifford Cheung, University of Washington, USA David Gilmore, Intel, USA Arnav Jhala, North Carolina State University, USA Ed Chi, PARC, USA Audrey Girouard, Tufts University, USA Mike Tian-Jian Jiang, National Tsing Hua University, Mario Chiesa, Istituto Superiore Mario Boella, Italy Paul Gnanayutham, University of Portsmouth, UK Taiwan Patrick Chiu, FX Palo Alto Laboratory, USA Scott Golder, Hewlett-Packard, USA Qun Jin, Waseda University, Japan Konstantinos Chorianopoulos, Bauhaus University of Gene Golovchinsky, FX Palo Alto Laboratory, USA Adam Joinson, The Open University, UK Weimar, Germany Gloria Gomez, Swinburne University of Technology, William Jones, University of Washington, USA Georgios Christou, Cyprus College, Cyprus Australia Quentin (Gad) Jones, New Jersey Institute of Yu Shan Chuang, Yahoo!, USA Joy Goodman, University of Cambridge, UK Technology, USA Luigina Ciolfi,University of Limerick, Ireland Elizabeth Goodman, University of California, Berkeley, USA Anker Jorgensen, IT University of Copenhagen, Nathalie Colineau, CSIRO, Australia Dina Goren-Bar, Ben-Gurion University, Israel Denmark Katherine Connelly, Indiana University, USA Dorian Gorgan, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Wendy Ju, Stanford University, USA Stéphane Conversy, Ecole Nationale de l’Aviation Civile, Romania Oskar Juhlin, Interactive Institute, Sweden France Sukeshini Grandhi, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Susanne Jul, USA Matthew Cooper, FX Palo Alto Laboratory, USA USA Hyunjoon Jung, Republic of Korea Telecom, Republic of Tim Coughlan, University of Bath, UK Phil Gray, University of Glasgow, UK Republic of Korea Scott Counts, Microsoft, USA Georges G. Grinstein, University of Massachusetts, Ajay Kamath, New Jersey Institute of Technology, USA Lorrie Cranor, Carnegie Mellon University, USA Lowell, USA Maryam Kamvar, Google, USA Davor Cubranic, University of British Columbia, Canada Kaj Gronbak, University of Aarhus, Denmark Eser Kandogan, IBM, USA James Cunningham, AT&T, USA Mark Gross, Carnegie Mellon University, USA Anu Kankainen, Idean Research, Finland Dave Curbow, NASA, USA Ben Gross, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, USA Thomas Kannampallil, The Pennsylvania State William Curtis-Davidson, IBM, USA Dennis Groth, Indiana University, USA University, USA Laura Dabbish, Carnegie Mellon University, USA Jonathan Grudin, Microsoft, USA Laurie Kantner, Tec-Ed, Inc., USA Brinda Dalal, PARC, USA Zhiwei Guan, University of Washington, Seattle, USA Karrie Karahalios, MIT, USA Ben Daniel, University of Saskatchewan, Canada Catherine Guastavino, McGill University, Canada Demetrios Karis, Verizon Labs, USA Kushal Dave, IBM, USA Yves GUIARD, CNRS & U2 Marseille France, France Amy Karlson, University of Maryland, USA Scott Davidoff, Carnegie Mellon University, USA Francois Guimbretiere, University of Maryland, USA Kristiina Karvonen, Helsinki University of Technology, Richard Davis, University of California, Berkeley, USA Anuj Gujar, DARTdevices Corporation, USA Finland Antonella De Angeli, University of Manchester, UK Glenn Gunzelmann, Air Force Research Laboratory, Judy Kay, University of Sydney, Australia Flavio De Paoli, Universita’ di Milano Bicocca, Italy USA Joseph Kaye, Cornell University, USA

CONTINUES NEXT TAB May 1, 2007 | Tuesday

9:00—10:00 10:00—10:30 11:30—13:00 14:30—16:00 16:30—18:00

Social Impact Award CHI MADNESS Interactive Session Interactive Session Interactive Session Gary Marsden Page 48 “Get Real!” What’s Wrong with HCI Moving UX Into a Position of Along the Path of Pervasive Doing HCI Differently Prototyping & How Can We Fix It? Corporate Influence Computing: GUI & TUI Design CIVIC —Stories from the Page 49 Page 53 Page 57 AUDITORIUM Developing World Page 48

SIG Experience Reports Papers Room Sustainability & Interaction Education & Culture Tasks Page 49 Page 53 Page 57 A1

Papers Papers Papers Gaze & Eye Tracking Tangibility Emergency Action Room Page 49 Page 53 Page 57 A2

Papers Papers Papers Room Online Representation of Self Design Theory Design Methods Page 50 Page 58 A3 Page 54

Papers Papers Papers Innovative Interactions Web Usability Mobile Interaction Techniques II Room Page 50 Page 54 Page 58 A4 & A5

Experience Reports Papers Papers Usability Empirical Models Home Spirituality Room Page 50 Page 55 Page 58 A8

Papers Papers Papers Programming by Professionals Mobile Interaction Techniques I Games Room Page 51 Page 55 Page 59 B1 – B4

Interactivity ALT.CHI SIG Room Play & Exercise Re-Thinking Humans, Computers, Capturing Longitudinal Usability Page 51 Interaction, and Design Page 59 C2 Page 55

SIG SIG SIG Beyond Usability for Safety Trust 2.1 Advancing the Trust Debate End User Software Engineering Room Critical Systems Page 56 Page 59 C4 Page 52

Course 21 Course 22 Web Usability for Assistive Technology Rapid Prototyping & Evaluation with Web Mashups Room Page 60 Page 60 A6

Course 19 Course 17 Course 18 Information Foraging Theory An Introduction to Designing for the Designing for the Scent of Room Page 60 Scent of Information Information: Advanced Concepts A7 Page 60 Page 61

Course 16 Course 20 Design of Spatial Applications Building Affinity Diagrams to Reveal User Needs & Engage Developers Room Page 61 Page 61 C3

Course 14 Card Sorting & Cluster Analysis for Information Architecture Design Almaden Page 61 Ballroom I

Course 15 Almaden Understanding Users in Context: An In-Depth Introduction to Fieldwork Page 62 Ballroom II

= 15 minutes = 30 minutes = unscheduled time

COMMONS SPECIAL EVENTS Exhibits, Interactivity, & Info Booth Spotlight on Work-in-Progress Posters Job Fair 10:30—18:00 (#61-104) 18:00—20:00 10:30—11:30 Commons Concourse

CHI 2007 | San Jose, California, USA | 47 Tuesday | Morning | 9:00—10:30

■ AWARD TALK | Civic Auditorium

Social Impact Award: Gary Marsden SESSION CHAIR: Ben Shneiderman, University of Maryland, USA

Doing HCI Differently — Stories from the Developing World

Gary Marsden, University of Cape Town, South Africa

Using case studies and examples, this talk looks at the challenges of applying standard HCI techniques in a developing world context. We look at how HCI can have a fantastic impact on communities in the developing world, but there is still some way to go in understanding how HCI can best benefit the developing world.

■ CHI MADNESS | Civic Auditorium

SESSION CHAIRS: Patrick Baudisch, Microsoft, USA Gonzalo Ramos, University of Toronto, Canada

CHI’s 30 second Madness, which premiered in Montréal, returns to give everyone a lightning speed overview of the days program.

48 | Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 11:30—13:00 | Mid-Morning | Tuesday

■ INTERACTIVE SESSION | Civic Auditorium ■ PAPERS | Room: A2

“Get Real!” What’s Wrong with HCI Gaze & Eye Tracking Prototyping And How Can We Fix It? SESSION CHAIR: Chris North, Virginia Polytechnic Institute MODERATOR: and State University, USA William Jones, University of Washington, USA PAPER | What Are You Looking For? An Eye-Tracking Panelists: Study of Information Usage in Web Search Michael Arent, SAP, USA Victoria Bellotti, PARC, USA Edward Cutrell, Microsoft, USA Mary Czerwinski, Jonathan Grudin, Microsoft, USA Zhiwei Guan, Microsoft & Univeristy of Washington, USA Tom Rodden, University of Nottingham, UK Jared M. Spool, User Interface Engineering, USA This paper describes a Web search study using eye-tracking methodologies. The study shows that increasing the amount of A prototype — as a means to evaluate and communicate a contextual information in search results improves performance good idea — is often an essential step towards useful, shipping for informational tasks, but hurts performance on navigational products and also towards a deeper understanding of what tasks. people really need. Prototyping and user evaluation can be enormously expensive and failure rates are high. Moreover, prototype user evaluations are often far from real with respect NOTE | An Eye Tracking Study on How People Search to user representatives, tasks, and measures. But to “get real” When the Target is Not Shown on Top of the List in HCI prototyping and evaluations risks placing even greater (more unrealistic) demands upon the HCI researcher. Do very Zhiwei Guan, University of Washington, Seattle, USA real costs and constraints force HCI prototyping to the margins? Edward Cutrell, Microsoft, USA Can we change acceptable HCI prototyping methods, helping HCI prototyping “get real”, in both its conduct and the implications An empirical study showing inefficiency of ordered result of its results? display for people’s search when the best result isn’t shown on top. Provide evidence invoking future redesign of search result interface.

■ special interest group | Room: A1 NOTE | A Minimal Model for Predicting Visual Search Sustainability and Interaction Tim Halverson, Anthony J. Hornof, University of Oregon, USA Moderators: Jennifer Mankoff, Susan R. Fussell, Carnegie Mellon This research extends a rich lineage of computational models University, USA designed specifically with HCI tasks in mind. A minimal visual Paul Resnick, University of Michigan, USA search model is presented that will benefit automated interface Batya Friedman, University of Washington, USA analysis tools. Phoebe Sengers, Cornell University, USA Alan Borning, University of Washington, USA Eli Blevis, Indiana University, USA PAPER | EyePoint: Practical Pointing and Selection Jay Hasbrouck, Allison Woodruff, Intel, USA Using Gaze and Keyboard

The goal of this SIG is to raise awareness of these issues in Manu Kumar, Andreas Paepcke, Terry Winograd, Stanford the CHI community and to start a conversation about the University, USA possibilities and responsibilities we have to address issues of sustainability. We present the first practical and universally-applicable (for disabled and able-bodied users) solution for gaze-based pointing and selection for everyday computing tasks. Users preferred EyePoint over pointing with a mouse.

CHI 2007 | San Jose, California, USA | 49 Tuesday | Mid-Morning | 11:30—13:00

■ PAPERS | Room: A3 ■ PAPERS | Room: A4 & A5

Online Representation of Self Innovative Interactions SESSION CHAIR: A. J. Bernheim Brush, Microsoft, USA SESSION CHAIR: Kellogg S. Booth, University of British Columbia, Canada PAPER | A Familiar Face(book): Profile Elements as Signals in an Online Social Network PAPER | Modeling Pointing at Targets of Arbitrary Shapes Cliff Lampe, Nicole Ellison, Charles Steinfield,Michigan State University, USA Tovi Grossman, Nicholas Kong, Ravin Balakrishnan, University of Toronto, Canada This study shows that different elements in a user profile have different effects on participation outcomes. Profile fields that Empirically investigates user ability to point at graphical targets enable common points of reference are associated with more of arbitrary shapes. Contributes empirical data and a validated “friend” links. model which was shown to accurately predict movement times for the task.

NOTE | Constructing My Online Self: Avatars that Increase Self-Focused Attention PAPER | Perception of Elementary Graphical Elements in Tabletop and Multi-Surface Environments Asimina Vasalou, Imperial College London, UK Adam Joinson, Open University, UK Daniel Wigdor, Mitsubishi Electric Research Labs & University Jeremy Pitt, Imperial College London, UK of Toronto, USA & Canada Chia Shen, Clifton Forlines, Mitsubishi Electric Research Labs, USA We show that the individuating properties emitted by online Ravin Balakrishnan, University of Toronto, Canada avatars to their owners can increase self-focused attention. In computer-mediated communication, self-focused attention has Empirically investigates user ability to accurately perceive the ability to effect online behavior. information graphics under perspective distortion inherent in tabletop and multi-surface environments. Contributes empirical data, design guidelines, and recommendations for visualization NOTE | The Truth about Lying in Online design. Dating Profiles

Jeffrey T. Hancock, Catalina Toma, Cornell University, USA PAPER | Exploring and Reducing the Effects of Nicole Ellison, Michigan State University, USA Orientation on Text Readability in Volumetric Displays

By cross-validating profile information with observed personal Tovi Grossman, Daniel Wigdor, Ravin Balakrishnan, University characteristics, this study is the first to gauge actual practices of Toronto, Canada of deception in online dating profiles, revealing deceptions to be frequent but small. Empirically investigates user ability to read text in a 3D volumetric display from different viewing angles. Contributes empirical data and evaluated design solutions for improving the PAPER | He Says, She Says: Conflict and Coordination text readability. in Wikipedia

Aniket Kittur, University of California, Los Angeles, USA ■ Bongwon Suh, Bryan A. Pendleton, Ed H. Chi, PARC, USA EXPERIENCE REPORTS | Room: A8

Characterizes growing conflict and interference costs in Usability Wikipedia and presents machine learning and visualization tools SESSION CHAIR: Bonnie E. John, Carnegie Mellon University, USA to support continued growth. Can assist designers in developing and improving collaborative knowledge systems. Coming to Terms: Comparing and Combining the Results of Multiple Evaluators Performing Heuristic Evaluation

Hanna Yehuda, EMC Corp., USA Jennifer McGinn, Sun Microsystems, Inc., USA

We describe a new way to perform heuristic evaluations which allows multiple evaluators to easily compare and combine the results of their reviews. This method was developed to provide a single, reliable, result to the client, but it also allowed us to easily negotiate differences in our findings and to prioritize usability problems. An unexpected side effect of this evaluation method is the measure and predictability of the effect of usability improvements.

50 | Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 11:30—13:00 | Mid-Morning | Tuesday

When Two Methods Are Better Than One: Combining PAPER | Aligning Development Tools with the Way User Study with Cognitive Modeling Programmers Think About Code Changes

Andrea Knight, Google, USA Marat Boshernitsan, Agitar Software, Inc, USA Guy Pyrzak, Collin Green, SJSU Foundation & NASA, USA Susan L. Graham, Marti A. Hearst, University of California, Berkeley, USA We discuss the benefits of combining user studies and cognitive modeling in the context of Firefox tabbed browsing. We studied We present a novel visual language and interaction model for new users’ ability to use tabbed browsing without assistance, performing structural transformations in source code. The and then evaluated alternatives. In general, our experience language matches programmer intuitions and performs well on highlights the advantages of using user studies and modeling objective and subjective usability measures. together to do user interface evaluation.

PAPER | Task and Social Visualization in Software Persona Based Rapid Usability Kick-Off Development: Evaluation of a Prototype

Nina Khalayli, Telenor Research & Innovation, Norway Jason B. Ellis, IBM, USA Tone Terum, Telenor Nordic Mobile, Norway Shahtab Wahid, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State Silja Nyhus, Kari Hamnes, Telenor Research & Innovation, University, USA Norway Catalina Danis, Wendy A. Kellogg, IBM, USA

The paper reports on the evaluation of a rapid usability kick-off An empirical evaluation of an interactive visualization tool technique (RUKO), designed for non-usability experts (NUEs), supporting distributed development based on interviews and a to enable them to perform usability work. The effect was that comparison of tasks carried out in the tool vs. a traditional bug usability awareness and end user focus in projects increased. tracking system. However, so did the need for usability expertise in latter phases.

■ Usability On Patrol INTERACTIVITY | Room: C2

Maria Callander, Carlsbad Police Department, USA Play & Exercise Lorna Zorman, California State University, San Marcos, USA SESSION CHAIR: Elizabeth Goodman, University of The introduction of computers into police patrol cars comes California, Berkeley, USA with an increase in driver distraction issues. We will describe the usability process and techniques we adapted to study computers Learning Shape Writing by Game Playing in law enforcement patrol cars based on a combination of Per Ola Kristensson, Linköpings universitet, Sweden a National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) Shumin Zhai, IBM, USA workload assessment protocol and cognitive modeling. Using cognitive modeling, we could identify the potential problems for We present a computer game demonstration designed to certain tasks, such as running a license plate with typical mouse- efficiently and playfully teach users shape writing — a new text keyboard interface compared with doing the same task via radio entry method for pen-based devices. contact with dispatcher.

Building Upon Everyday Play ■ PAPERS | Room: B1—B4 Haiyan Zhang, IDEO, USA Bjoern Hartmann, Stanford University, USA Programming by Professionals Building Upon Everyday Play is the result of a collaboration of SESSION CHAIR: Margaret Burnett, Oregon State University, USA Control Freaks, a pervasive gaming experience project, and Exemplar, a toolkit that uses programming-by-demonstration PAPER | Let’s Go to the Whiteboard: How and Why to map continuous sensor data to high-level events. The project Software Developers Use Drawings consists of a combination of a portable, wireless game controller Mauro Cherubini, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, that can be attached to everyday objects and a programming- Switzerland by-demonstration system that turns sensor data reported by the Gina Venolia, Rob DeLine, Microsoft, USA controller into suitable game events. Andrew J. Ko, Carnegie Mellon University, USA

How and why developers draw code? Informal notation was often used to support face-to-face communication, so standards don’t help. Software engineering differs from other engineering disciplines, which can affect tool design.

CHI 2007 | San Jose, California, USA | 51 Tuesday | Mid-Morning | 11:30—13:00

REXplorer: A Mobile, Pervasive Spell-Casting Game BodySpace: Inferring Body Pose for Natural Control of for Tourists a Music Player

Rafael Ballagas, RWTH Aachen University, Germany Steven Strachan, Hamilton Institute, UK Steffen Walz, ETH Zurich, Germany Roderick Murray-Smith, University of Glasgow & Hamilton Sven Kratz, RWTH Aachen University, Germany Institute, UK Claudia Fuhr, ETH Zurich, Germany Sile O’Modhrain, Queens University, UK Eugen Yu, RWTH Aachen University, Germany Martin Tann, ETH Zurich, Germany We describe the BodySpace system, which uses inertial sensing Jan Borchers, RWTH Aachen University, Germany and pattern recognition to allow the gestural control of a music Ludger Hovestadt, ETH Zurich, Germany player by placing the device at different parts of the body. We demonstrate a new approach to the segmentation and REXplorer is a mobile, pervasive spell-casting game designed recognition of gestures for this kind of application and show for tourists of Regensburg, Germany. Uses location sensing to how simulated physical model-based techniques can shape create player encounters with spirits (historical figures) that are gestural interaction. associated with historical buildings in an urban setting and a novel mobile interaction mechanism of “casting a spell” (making a gesture by waving a mobile phone through the air) allows the ■ special interest group | Room: C4 player to awaken and communicate with a spirit to continue playing the game. The game is designed to make learning history Beyond Usability for Safety Critical fun for young (and young at heart) tourists and influence their path through the city. Systems Moderators: Philippe Palanque, Sandra Basnyat, University Toulouse, France note | Jogging the Distance Regina Bernhaupt, Universität Salzburg, Austria Ronald Boring, Idaho National Laboratory, USA Shannon O’Brien, Commonwealth Scientific Industrial Chris Johnson, University of Glasgow, UK Research Organisation, Australia Peter Johnson, University of Bath, UK Florian ‘Floyd’ Mueller, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA The aim of this SIG is to provide a forum for both researchers “Jogging over a Distance” allows joggers to socialize and and practitioners interested in safety critical interactive motivate each other while jogging in geographically distant systems. Our goal is to define a roadmap of activities to cross locations through the use of spatially distributed audio. We hope fertilize usability, reliability and safety for these kinds of our approach encourages active and future joggers to jog more systems to minimize duplicate efforts and reuse knowledge in all often, while simultaneously supporting their social friendships. the communities involved.

Jogging Over a Distance

Florian ‘Floyd’ Mueller, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA Shannon O’Brien, Alex Thorogood, CSIRO & Connecting People Group \ ICT Centre, Australia

Jogging is a healthy activity and many people enjoy jogging with others for social and motivational reasons. However, it was found through surveying, that jogging partners might not always live in the same location and it may be difficult to find a local jogger who runs at the same pace. “Jogging over a Distance” allows joggers to socialize and motivate each other while jogging in geographically distant locations through the use of spatially distributed audio.

52 | Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 11:30—13:0014:30—16:00 | Mid-Morning| Afternoon | Tuesday

■ INTERACTIVE SESSION | Civic Auditorium Education, Entertainment, and Authenticity: Lessons Learned from Designing an Interactive Exhibit about Moving UX into a Position of Corporate Medieval Music Influence: Whose Advice Really Works? Marius Wolf, Eric Lee, Jan Borchers, RWTH Aachen, Germany MODERATOR: Richard Anderson, Riander, USA We describe the design experience gathered from creating an interactive exhibit about medieval music. We focused our work Panelists: on three major goals: educational value, entertainment aspects, Jeremy Ashley, Oracle, USA and historic authenticity. We present insight into the challenges Tobias Herrmann, mobilkom austria, Austria in designing a system with these goals and how they could be Justin Miller, eBay, Switzerland solved. James Nieters, Cisco Systems, USA Shauna Sampson Eves, Blue Shield of California, USA Secil Watson, Wells Fargo, USA Establishing Relationships For Designing Rural Professionals working to move user experience (UX) into a Information Systems position of corporate influence are impeded by conflicting Yael Schwartzman, Tapan S. Parikh, University of recommendations, including those regarding the roles of Washington, USA documenting and evangelizing UX work, ownership of UX, organizational positioning, calculating return on investment, and Designing for the developing world presents unique challenges. conducting “ethnographic” research. In this interactive session, Establishing rapport with local partners is important to a group of senior UX management personnel who have moved overcome contextual unfamiliarity and ensure the relevance of UX into positions of rapidly increasing influence in their varied proposed solutions. We discuss our experiences designing CAM places of work debate. is a camera-based mobile application framework design and how we used a system based on this design to do data capture for Asobagri, a rural coffee cooperative in Barillas, Guatemala. ■ EXPERIENCE REPORTS | Room: A1

Education & Culture A Bridging Design Prototype for Investigating Concept Mapping in the Preschool Community SESSION CHAIR: Charles van der Mast, Delft University of Technology, the Netherlands Gloria Gomez, Swinburne University of Technology, Australia

Mandala: Supporting Social Presence and Interaction We report on pilot studies where teachers from two different in the Chinese Home preschools incorporated a bridging design prototype (BDP) for concept mapping into classroom activities. Designed under Neema Moraveji, Microsoft, China inclusive, participatory, user-centered principles, the BDP was A.R.D. Rajan, National Institute of Design, India used to perform observations assessing an interaction problem Liu Like, Sichuan University, China and in familiarizing the researcher with the user community. Results showed voice-input devices promote illiterate children’s Multiple factors lead social software to be unevenly adopted by authoring and self-regulation skills when adding meaning to differing age segments in urban China. This paper presents user symbols. research to understand the discrepancy between parents and their children and attempts to address them with the design of an information appliance. The appliance attempts to support ■ interaction ranging from peripheral awareness to real-time PAPERS | Room: A2 conversation. Tangibility SESSION CHAIR: Chia Shen, Mitsubishi Electric Research A Theory-Based Approach to Designing Student Labs, USA Learning Context NOTE | Senspectra: A Computationally Augmented Jarinee J. Chattratichart, Kingston University London, USA Physical Modeling Toolkit for Sensing and This paper describes how educational research findings were Visualization of Structural Strain deployed to address the issues of engaging students of different levels of technical ability across four semesters in an HCI Vincent LeClerc, Amanda Parkes, Hiroshi Ishii, MIT, USA module at a UK university. Kolbís experiential learning cycle Senspectra is a computationally augmented physical modeling was successfully applied to the design and scheduling of course toolkit for sensing and visualization of structural strain, content and learning activities to enhance students’ learning incorporating the material quality of malleable elements of an outcomes. interface into its digital control structure.

CHI 2007 | San Jose, California, USA | 53 Tuesday | Afternoon | 14:30—16:00

NOTE | Tangible User Interface for Chemistry PAPER | Computational Composite Education: Comparative Evaluation and Re-Design Anna Vallgårda, IT University of Copenhagen, Denmark Morten Fjeld, Jonas Fredriksson, Martin Ejdestig, Florin Johan Redström, Danish Royal Academy of Fine Arts, Duca, Chalmers TH, Sweden Denmark Kristina Bötschi, University of Zurich, Switzerland Benedikt Voegtli, Patrick Juchli, HyperWerk, FHBB, Presents a theoretical contribution on how to understand Switzerland computers as a design material. People involved with technology development for interaction design and designers can benefit Augmented Chemistry (AC) is a tangible application to learn from the proposed perspective. organic chemistry. The evaluation presented compared learning effectiveness and user acceptance of AC versus ball-and-stick model. The AC system was then re-designed, which gave ■ PAPERS | Room: A4 & A5 improved subjective opinions on use. Web Usability PAPER | Mechanical Constraints as Computational SESSION CHAIR: Ed H. Chi, PARC, USA Constraints in Tabletop Tangible Interfaces PAPER | Presenting Web Image Search Results in James Patten, Hiroshi Ishii, MIT, USA Semantic Clusters

Describes a new tabletop tangible interface and series of Shuo Wang, Feng Jing, Microsoft, China interaction techniques that use mechanical constraints to aid Jibo He, Peking University, China problem solving. This may expand the roles readers consider for Qixing Du, Tsinghua University, China tangibles in UIs. Lei Zhang, Microsoft, China

The paper addresses an evaluative exploration of interface using image clustering for web image searches. Users prefer this ■ PAPERS | Room: A3 organized result UI over traditional list views. Design Theory SESSION CHAIR: Jon Kolko, Savannah College of Art & PAPER | Web Page Revisitation Revisited: Implications Design, USA of a Long-Term, Click-Stream Study of Browser Usage

PAPER | Research Through Design as a Method for Hartmut Obendorf, Harald Weinreich, University of Hamburg, Interaction Design Research in HCI Germany Eelco Herder, University of Hannover, Germany John Zimmerman, Jodi Forlizzi, Shelley Evenson, Carnegie Matthias Mayer, University of Hamburg, Germany Mellon University, USA Updates findings concerning revisitation behavior based Contributes a model for design research that allows the HCI on an extensive long-term click-stream study of Web usage. research community to engage “wicked problems”. Benefits HCI Differentiates types of revisits and suggests implications for by employing design thinking in research and improved research support by Web designers and Web browsers. transfer to practice.

PAPER | Noticing Notice: A Large Scale Experiment on PAPER | Sustainable Interaction Design: Invention & the Timing of Software License Agreements Disposal, Renewal, & Reuse Nathaniel S. Good, Jens Grossklags, Deirdre K. Mulligan, Eli Blevis, Indiana University, Bloomington, USA University of California, Berkeley, USA Joseph A. Konstan, University of Minnesota, USA Describes and defends the perspective that sustainability can and should be a central focus of interaction design. Provides a A large scale experiment of the timing of software license rubric and principles for designing interactivity sustainably and agreements demonstrating the applicability of HCI techniques to illustrates their application. fundamental legal questions regarding notice and consent.

54 | Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 14:30—16:0014:30-16:00 | Afternoon | Tuesday

■ PAPERS | Room: A8 PAPER | Shift: A Technique for Operating Pen-Based Interfaces Using Touch Empirical Models Daniel Vogel, University of Toronto, Canada SESSION CHAIR: Ann Blandford, University College London, UK Patrick Baudisch, Microsoft, USA

PAPER | Meta-Analysis of Correlations Among Describes a technique for operating pen-based devices using Usability Measures touch by preventing targets from getting occluded by the user’s finger. User study finds performance benefits over existing Kasper Hornbæk, University of Copenhagen, Denmark offset cursor technique. Effie Lai-Chong Law,Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, Zürich, Switzerland PAPER | An Alternative to Push, Press, and Tap-Tap- Investigates how usability measures are correlated and which Tap: Gesturing on an Isometric Joystick for Mobile factors that shapes the correlations. Provides extensive empirical evidence about correlations and uses it to discuss Phone Text Entry models of usability and usability studies. Jacob O. Wobbrock, University of Washington, USA Duen Horng Chau, Brad A. Myers, Carnegie Mellon University, USA

PAPER | A Predictive Model of Menu Performance Presents a novel input strategy involving the use of isometric joysticks on mobile phones. Describes a gestural text entry Andy Cockburn, University of Canterbury, New Zealand method competitive with Multitap and T9 but preferred by users. Carl Gutwin, University of Saskatchewan, Canada Saul Greenberg, University of Calgary, Canada

Presents a model predicting efficiency of menu designs, ■ ALT.CHI | Room: C2 incorporating components for Fitts’ pointing time, visual search time when novice, Hick-Hyman decision time when expert, and Re-Thinking Humans, Computers, for novice to expert transition. Interaction, and Design Session chair: Louise Barkhuus, Glasgow University, UK PAPER | Endpoint Prediction Using Motion Kinematics The Three Paradigms of HCI (30 min) Edward Lank, University of Waterloo, Canada Nikko Cheng, San Francisco State University, USA Steve Harrison, Deborah Tatar, Virginia Polytechnic Institute Jaime Ruiz, University of Waterloo, Canada and State University, USA Phoebe Sengers, Cornell University, USA Develops a model of endpoint prediction based on kinematic laws of human motion. Enhances our understanding of motion Informal histories of HCI commonly document two major in interfaces and its use in prediction-based interaction intellectual waves that have formed the field: the first orienting techniques. from engineering/human factors with its focus on optimizing man-machine fit and the second stemming from cognitive science, with an increased emphasis on theory and on what is happening not only in the computer but, simultaneously, ■ PAPERS | Room: B1-B4 in the human mind. In this paper, we document underlying Mobile Interaction Techniques I forces that constitute a third wave in HCI and suggest systemic consequences for the CHI community. SESSION CHAIR: Stephen Brewster, University of Glasgow, UK

PAPER | Direct-Touch vs. Mouse Input for Tabletop Questioning the Technological Panacea: Three Displays ReflectiveQ uestions for Designers (20 min)

Clifton Forlines, Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories & Eric Baumer, Bill Tomlinson, University of California, Irvine, USA University of Toronto, USA & Canada Chia Shen, Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories, USA This paper argues that asking whether or not a technological Daniel Wigdor, Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories & solution is appropriate should be an explicit and exposed part University of Toronto, USA & Canada of the design process. It raises three questions that should be Ravin Balakrishnan, University of Toronto, Canada addressed during the design process: Are there other, possibly non-technological, solutions that could address the problem Presents empirical data investigating differences between equally well, if not better? Are designers creating solutions to direct-touch and mouse input for unimanual and bimanual problems that users themselves do not need to have? Are these tasks on tabletop displays. Results can help guide the design of technological solutions treating a problem rather than its cause? tabletop interfaces.

CHI 2007 | San Jose, California, USA | 55 Tuesday | Afternoon | 14:30—16:00

Uptake of Situationism Considered Harmful (20 min)

Lucian Leahu, Claudia Pederson, Jennifer Thom-Santelli, Pavel Dmitriev, Phoebe Sengers, Cornell University, USA

We examine Situationist art practice as an inspiration for HCI design. We argue that methods from Situationist art practice have often been picked up without regard for their underlying sensibility. We describe an experiment in incorporating Situationist sensibility in design and use it to elucidate the challenges that face HCI in truly integrating the arts.

Imagination as Holographic Processor for Text Animation (20 min)

Adim Astakhov, Tamara Astakhova, Brian Sanders, University of California San Diego, USA

Imagination is the critical point in developing of realistic artificial intelligence (AI) systems. One way to approach imagination would be simulation of its properties and operations. We developed two models “Brain Network Hierarchy of Languages” and “Semantical Holographic Calculus” and simulation system ScriptWriter that emulate the process of imagination through an automatic animation of English texts.

■ Special Interest Group | Room: C4

Trust 2.1 Advancing the Trust Debate Moderators: Jens Riegelsberger, Google, UK Asimina Vasalou, Imperial College London, UK

Our aim is to provide a basis for the discussion of trust research at a this SIG, but also to give researchers and practitioners with an interest in the field an entry point to existing work. More importantly we hope that the SIG and this abstract will help in driving and structuring future trust research.

56 | Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 16:30—18:00 | Late Afternoon | Tuesday

■ INTERACTIVE SESSION | Civic Auditorium PAPER | Understanding and Developing Models for Detecting and Differentiating Breakpoints During ALONG THE PATH OF PERVASIVE COMPUTING: Interactive Tasks SELECTED WORKS IN GUI AND TUI DESIGN Shamsi T. Iqbal, Brian P. Bailey, University of Illinois, Urbana- MODERATOR: Champaign, USA Bill Lucas, Maya Design, USA Demonstrates the feasibility of building models that are able Panelists: to detect and differentiate breakpoints during free-form tasks. Hiroshi Ishii, MIT, USA These models can enable interruption management systems to Jake Kolojejchick, General Dynamics, USA realize defer-to-breakpoint policies in practice. Peter Lucas, MAYA Design, USA David Rose, Ambient Devices, USA

This invited session discusses two bodies of research. Both ■ PAPERS | Room: A2 continuously oriented toward pervasive computing since the early ‘90s. In 1995, MAYA Design introduced the notion of an “information- Emergency Action centric” GUI — where displays are arrangements of elements that can be broken apart by users and directly manipulated, giving people the SESSION CHAIR: John M. Carroll, The Pennsylvania State sense of “getting their hands on the data”. Today, General Dynamics University, USA is working with the US Army to deploy collaborative, “infocentric” systems all over the world. Similarly, in 1995, the Tangible Media PAPER | Implicit Coordination in Firefighting Practice: Group at the MIT Media Lab started to design seamless interfaces Design Implications for Teaching Fire Emergency between humans, digital information, and the physical environment. Responders Their notion of “Tangible Bits,” giving physical form to digital information, sparked the formation of a company, Ambient Devices, Zachary O. Toups, Andruid Kerne, Texas A&M University, USA that has sold over 200,000 simple, glanceable information objects Investigates how information flows through teams of fire and a nationwide bit-tricking network to power them. emergency responders and develops design recommendations for training systems to teach coordination and communication capabilities. ■ PAPERS | Room: A1

Tasks PAPER | Back Stage on the Front Lines: Perspectives and Performance in the Combat Information Center SESSION CHAIR: Scott R. Klemmer, Stanford University, USA Paul M. Aoki, Intel, USA PAPER | Disruption and Recovery of Computing Tasks: Field Study, Analysis, and Directions Presents a view of naval command and control as CSCW, focusing on social interaction and self-presentation issues. Shamsi T. Iqbal, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, USA Provides designers of future systems with considerations Eric Horvitz, Microsoft, USA beyond task analysis and human factors

Presents results from a field study investigating user behavioral patterns during disruption and recovery from notifications PAPER | Citizen Communications in Crisis: Anticipating in computing environments. Based on the findings, design a Future of ICT-Supported Public Participation implications for recovery tools are discussed. Leysia Palen, Sophia B. Liu, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA

PAPER | CAAD: An Automatic Task Support System Information science can help understand, design for, and support an emerging, large-scale arena for computer-mediated Tye Rattenbury, John Canny, University of California, interaction: public participation in crisis events. Berkeley, USA

We present a system that automatically discovers and displays task representations. Through a feasibility study, we demonstrate that automation is a viable direction for future task support and management applications.

CHI 2007 | San Jose, California, USA | 57 Tuesday | Late Afternoon | 16:30—18:00

■ PAPERS | Room: A3 ■ PAPERS | Room: A4 & A5

Design Methods Mobile Interaction Techniques II SESSION CHAIR: Steve Harrison, Virginia Polytechnic SESSION CHAIR: Shumin Zhai, IBM, USA Institute and State University, USA PAPER | Pointing Lenses PAPER | Transfer Scenarios: Grounding Innovation with Marginal Practices Gonzalo Ramos, University of Toronto, Canada Andy Cockburn, University of Canterbury, New Zealand Sara Ljungblad, Viktoria Institute, Sweden Ravin Balakrishnan, University of Toronto, Canada Lars Erik Holmquist, Swedish Institute of Computer Science, Michel Beaudouin-Lafon, Université Paris-Sud & CNRS, INRIA, Sweden France

Transfer scenarios is a method that supports the design of Presented three Pointing Lenses, which improve stylus-based innovative technology. It involves groups that are not the input. Our studies show that lenses are beneficial for targets intended users in the design process to encourage a changed smaller than five pixels, and that this benefit may extend to mindset. larger targets.

PAPER | Comparing Physical, Automatic, and Manual PAPER | Work-Centered Design of a Mixed-Initiative Map Rotation for Pedestrian Navigation Scheduler Will P. J. Seager, University College London, UK Keith A. Butler, Microsoft, USA Danae Stanton-Fraser, University of Bath, UK Chris Esposito, The Boeing Co., USA Jiajie Zhang, University of Texas, USA This paper presents findings concerning the effectiveness of Ron Hebron, Ali Bahrami, The Boeing Co., USA different means of maintaining track-up alignment on map- David Kieras, University of Michigan, USA based mobile navigation assistants. The findings suggests design improvements to facilitate more effective track-up A new design method for HCI where the information work alignment. requires technical problem-solving; A break-through application that integrates aircraft scheduling for missions and maintenance. PAPER | Intimate Interfaces in Action: Assessing the Usability and Subtlety of EMG-Based Motionless Gestures Experience Report | Making Personas Memorable Enrico Costanza, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, James Nieters, Subbarao Ivaturi, Iftikhar Ahmed, Cisco, USA Switzerland Samuel A. Inverso, The Australian National University, Although Cisco’s tag line for fiscal year 2007 is “Lead the Australia Experience”, not all Cisco product teams have historically Rebecca Allen, University of California, Los Angeles, USA focused on designing products that facilitate user success and Pattie Maes, MIT, USA delight. The Cisco User Experience Design (UXD) Group provides tools that stimulate a UXD culture, one of which is personas to This paper expands the research on “subtle, intimate interfaces” catalyze a common understanding of users and a centralized for mobile HCI. Use of motionless gestures in a realistic persona database. The challenge has been that engineers at multimodal interface and their noticeability are examined Cisco could opt out of using personas. In November 2005, the through a user study. UXD team won an award for developing best practices in product development for creating these personas by vice presidents from across Cisco. ■ PAPERS | Room: A8

Home Spirituality SESSION CHAIR: Michael J. Muller, IBM, USA

PAPER | Sabbath Day Home Automation: “It’s Like Mixing Technology and Religion”

Allison Woodruff, Intel, USA Sally Augustin, PlaceCoach, Inc., USA Brooke Foucault, Intel, USA

Presents a qualitative study of the use of home automation by 20 Orthodox Jewish families. Offers insights and design implications for user experience with smart home technology and religious technology.

58 | Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 16:30—18:00 | Late Afternoon | Tuesday

PAPER | Enhancing Ubiquitous Computing with NOTE | Testing the Technology: Playing Games with User Interpretation: Field Testing the Home Health Video Conferencing Horoscope Archer L. Batcheller, Brian Hilligoss, Kevin Nam, Emilee William Gaver, Goldsmiths College, UK Rader, Marta Rey-Babarro, Xiaomu Zhou, University of Phoebe Sengers, Cornell University, USA Michigan, USA Tobie Kerridge, Goldsmiths College, UK Joseph ‘Jofish’ Kaye,Cornell University, UK Experimental results suggest playing games over video is as John Bowers, Goldsmiths College, UK enjoyable as playing while collocated, despite video users developing artificial alliances. Implies that video can be The paper illustrates how designing to encourage user successfully used in casual situations. interpretation may supplement sensor-based inferencing in a home environment. Offers a new approach to those interested in developing domestic ubiquitous computing applications. NOTE | Using Heart Rate to Control an Interactive Game

PAPER | Home Networking and HCI: What Hath God Ville Nenonen, Aleksi Lindblad, Ville Häkkinen, Toni Laitinen, Wrought? Mikko Jouhtio, Perttu Hämäläinen, Helsinki University of Technology, Finland Erika Shehan, W. Keith Edwards, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA Describes a exercise game where heart rate is used for user interaction with any training form. Shows that heart rate can be We analyze why home networking is difficult, argue that the HCI used for user interaction with positive results. community needs to be involved in resolving these problems, and discuss potential research efforts in home network usability. ■ Special Interest Group | Room: C2

■ PAPERS | Room: B1-B4 Capturing Longitudinal Usability Moderators: Games Misha Vaughn, Oracle, USA SESSION CHAIR: Carl Gutwin, University of Saskatchewan, Catherine Courage, Salesforce.com, USA Canada In this SIG the attendees will discuss methods for capturing PAPER | Project Massive: Self-Regulation and usability data over time. Specifically, we will share industry best Problematic Use of Online Gaming practices, brainstorm alternative solutions, as well as compare and contrast usability engineering methods for capturing A. Fleming Seay, University of Texas, USA usability problems that persist over time. We will also explore Robert E. Kraut, Carnegie Mellon University, USA why longitudinal research is not a more common UCD practice.

This work contributes longitudinal analysis and examination of the concept of self-regulation to the ongoing discussion of ■ Special Interest Group | Room: C4 problematic use of online video games. End User Software Engineering PAPER | The Life and Death of Online Gaming Moderators: Communities: A Look at Guilds in World of Warcraft Brad A. Myers, Carnegie Mellon University, USA Margaret Burnett, Oregon State University, USA Nicolas Ducheneaut, PARC, USA Susan Wiedenbeck, Drexel University, USA Nicholas Yee, Stanford University, USA Andrew J. Ko, Carnegie Mellon University, USA Eric Nickell, Robert J. Moore, PARC, USA This SIG meeting has three purposes: to bring the results of a Using longitudinal data from more than 300,000 characters, recent (February 2007) week-long “Dagstuhl” meeting on end- identifies some of the factors linked to group survival and user software engineering to interested researchers at CHI, to performance in massively multiplayer online games. incorporate attendees’ ideas and feedback into an emerging survey of the state of this interesting new subarea; and generally to bring together the community of researchers who are addressing this topic, with the companies that are creating end- user programming tools.

CHI 2007 | San Jose, California, USA | 59 Tuesday Courses

COURSE 21 | Room: A6 COURSE 19 | Room: A7

Web Usability for Assistive Technology Information Foraging Theory 9:00—13:00 9:00—13:00

INSTRUCTORS: INSTRUCTOR: Caroline Boyden, University of California, Berkeley, USA Peter Pirolli, PARC, USA Lucy Greco, University of California, Berkeley, USA Benefits: This course aims to explain and predict how people will Benefits: Is your website accessible to users of assistive best shape themselves to their information environments, and technology? How do you know? This course will provide how information environments can best be shaped to people. you with practical knowledge and techniques to understand The approach involves a kind of reverse engineering in which the accessibility, evaluate your sites and applications, and improve analyst asks (a) what is the nature of the task and information user experience. environments, (b) why is a given system a good solution to the problem, and (c) how is that solution realized (approximated) Intended Audience: Web designers and developers. Usability by mechanism. Typically, the key steps in developing a model of and HCI professionals. This is an introductory course; no information foraging involve: (a) a rational analysis of the task specialized skills or knowledge are required. However, a and information environment (often drawing on optimal foraging familiarity with commonly-accepted accessibility standards is theory from biology) and (b) a computational production system helpful. model of the cognitive structure of task. This course provides an introduction and overview of Information Foraging Theory, detailed examples, an overview of applications of the theory to the formulation of usability guidelines and cognitive engineering COURSE 22 | Room: A6 models, and discussion of new opportunities for research. Participants should have sufficient background by the end of the Rapid Prototyping and Evaluation with Web Mashups course to perform exercise analyses in information foraging and 14:30—18:00 to have gained resources for research, design and development, and teaching. INSTRUCTORS: M. Cameron Jones, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, USA Intended Audience: The course is aimed primarily at Michael B. Twidale, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, USA researchers, although practitioners will definitely be welcomed Richard J. Urban, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, USA to participate and learn from the course. It is assumed that participants will not faint if confronted with a few equations or Benefits: This course is intended to appeal to a number of raw code samples during the course. different kinds of CHI attendees: people who are intrigued by the mash-up concept and want to learn more, people interested in rapid lightweight development methods, people looking for ways to explore a possibility space, people interested in Web2.0 COURSE 17 | Room: A7 issues, people interested in ways to encourage development creativity and people who want a quick way of trying out a An Introduction to Designing for the Scent of research concept. Information

Intended Audience: Participants should have previous 14:30—16:00 programming experience and be comfortable with reading and INSTRUCTOR: writing code. Participants should also be familiar with HTML Jared M. Spool, User Interface Engineering, USA and CSS and be able to quickly and easily generate simple web pages. It is recommended, although not strictly required, Benefits: If your users can’t find the content they are seeking, that participants have some background in web programming. your site will fail. One of the biggest secrets of successful web A strong background in general programming languages sites is that they design for Scent. and practices can compensate for a lack of web-specific programming experience. In recent research, we’ve uncovered that users know when they are on the right track to finding their content — they follow the Scent of Information. By understanding how users pick up and keep the scent, you can design more usable web sites. We’ll demonstrate how the successful sites provide a strong scent, and what happens when they don’t. Using the results of hundreds of usability tests, we’ll show you how users follow a scent trail and the different ways your design could be blocking scent. We’ll also discuss how the quality of links, page length, page density, and graphics affect whether users find the content they’re looking for.

Intended Audience: Web Designers & Usability Practitioners

60 | Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Tuesday Courses

COURSE 18 | Room: A7 COURSE 20 | Room: C 3

Designing for the Scent of Information: Advanced Building Affinity Diagrams to Reveal User Needs and Concepts Engage Developers 16:30—18:00 14:30—18:00

INSTRUCTOR: INSTRUCTOR: Jared M. Spool, User Interface Engineering, USA Shelley Wood, InContext Enterprises, USA

Benefits: You work hard providing top-notch content on your Benefits: Affinity diagramming is fairly well known in the site. Will your users find it? If they don’t find it, all that effort is CHI community and used as a technique for organizing for nothing. Our research has uncovered three ways to predict large amounts of information, especially qualitative data. when users will fail finding the content they desire. We’ll show However, the full potential of affinity diagramming — both as a you what these three predictors are and how to counter the technique for revealing design implications and as a powerful effects in your design. communication tool — is not being fully exploited.

We will share the secrets behind successful designs including This course teaches how to build more powerful affinities, offers Lands’ End, the Bureau of Labor and Statistics, CNN, and a process for managing organizational issues, and provides a the BBC. You’ll learn why trigger words are critical to users mechanism for using the affinity as a communication tool across successfully finding their content, why the best sites prevent the organization. users from using Search, how exposing a site’s hierarchy can increase the success of the user, how designing longer pages Intended Audience: No specific background is required. It is helps users find what they seek, and how to best use lateral links appropriate for all roles. and breadcrumbs.

Intended Audience: Web designers & usability practitioners who have had experience designing web sites. Attendance at COURSE 14 | Almaden Ballroom I the introductory course will provide the necessary background needed to understand this course but is not required. Card Sorting & Cluster Analysis for Information Architecture Design 9:00—18:00 COURSE 16 | Room: C 3 INSTRUCTORS: Design of Spatial Applications Jianming Dong, PayPal.com, USA Janice James, Simply Usable Through Design, USA 9:00—13:00 Carol Righi, Perficient, Inc.,USA Larry Wood, Parallax, LLC, USA INSTRUCTOR: Matthew Hockenberry, MIT, USA Benefits: This course will provide user researchers with practical guidance and hands-on experience in the use of card Benefits: The course offers a practical, focused but detailed sorting and cluster analysis methods and tools. After attending overview of traditional approaches to spatial representation. the course, attendees are expected to be able to: 1. Practice at a The course provides a review of the state of the art regarding basic level the skills of planning and conducting card sorting and technologies and designs for presenting spatial information cluster analysis. 2. Determine the most appropriate methods and and the user goals which necessitate this support. It provides tools to fit the needs of specific projects. 3. Interpret card sort a detailed set of resources for further exploration into each of data to provide clear recommendations on architectural design. these areas. The course additionally offers applied practical experience in formulating successful design goals and Intended Audience: This course is designed for both those new approaches that produce efficient, effective, and novel spatial to the field of usability/UCD/information architecture, as well applications that satisfy practical user needs. Inspiration, as for advanced practitioners who are very familiar with the something we always need more of, also comes included. concept, but wish to learn a new tool and method. Attendees should have some background and familiarity with the concept Intended Audience: For all attendees with interest in the roles of information architecture. of spatial information in application development.

CHI 2007 | San Jose, California, USA | 61 Tuesday Courses

COURSE 15 | Almaden Ballroom II

Understanding Users in Context: An In-Depth Introduction to Fieldwork 9:00—18:00

INSTRUCTORS: Susan M. Dray, Dray & Associates, Inc., USA David A. Siegel, Dray & Associates, Inc., USA

Benefits: You will learn how to plan for and carry out studies of users in the field. Rather than teaching a single methodology to do field research, we provide you with the tools to think critically and make informed decisions about the many planning and methodological choices you will have to make. For each technique, we identify its key challenges, while helping you learn how to get its benefits. You will have the chance to practice skills for several fieldwork techniques.

Intended Audience: This hands-on session is aimed at practitioners planning, doing, and leading observational field research projects, including developers, designers, and managers who are responsible for user experience or user requirements identification. This is an introductory to intermediate level tutorial. It will be useful for beginners in fieldwork, as well as those with some experience who want to broaden their knowledge of a range of approaches.

62 | Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Notes

CHI 2007 | San Jose, California, USA | 63 Notes

64 | Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Acknowledgements CONTINUED

notes Reviewers – continued Sean McNee, Attenex Corporation, USA David Racz, Nokia, USA Yevgeniy Medynskiy, Georgia Institute of Technology, Roope Raisamo, University of Tampere, Finland Melanie Kellar, Dalhousie University, Canada USA Rebecca Randell, City University, UK Andruid Kerne, Texas A&M, USA David Millen, IBM, USA Pei-Luen Patrick Rau, Tsinghua University, China Pekka Ketola, Usability Engineer, Finland Jessica Miller, University of Washington, USA Janet Read, University of Central Lancashire, UK Sanshzar Kettebekov, Keane Inc, USA Craig Miller, DePaul University, USA Stuart Reeves, University of Nottingham, UK Azam Khan, Autodesk, Canada Rob Miller, MIT, USA Tim Regan, Microsoft, UK Michael Khoo, National Science Digital Library, USA Audris Mockus, Avaya, USA Karen Renaud, University of Glasgow, UK Julie Kientz, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA David Moffat, Glasgow Caledonian University, UK Heather Richter, University of North Carolina, Hans Kim, Santa Clara University, USA Karyn Moffatt, University of British Columbia, Canada Charlotte, USA Steven Kimbrough, University of Pennsylvania, USA Daniel Morris, Microsoft, USA Jens Riegelsberger, University College London, UK Esin Kiris, AT&T, USA Meredith Morris, Microsoft, USA Frank Ritter, The Pennsylvania State University, USA Rick Kjeldsen, IBM, USA Denis Mottet, Université de Montpellier, France Daniel Robbins, Microsoft, USA Palle Klante, Pixelpark AG, Germany Jackie Moyes, News Digital Media, Australia Erica Robles, Stanford University, USA Gary Klatsky, Oswego, SUNY, USA Christian Mueller-Tomfelde, CSIRO, Australia Kerry Rodden, Google, USA John Knight, Intiuo Research and Design, UK Michael Muller, IBM, USA Jennifer Rode, University of California, Irvine, USA Andrew Ko, Carnegie Mellon University, USA Guadalupe Muñoz, University Rey Juan Carlos, Spain Steven Rohall, IBM, USA Minoru Kobayashi, Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Dianne Murray, UK John Rooksby, Lancaster University, UK Corporation, Japan Roderick Murray-Smith, Glasgow University & Hamilton Mattias Rost, Viktoria Institute, Sweden Michael Koch, Technische Universitaet Muenchen, Institute, UK James Rowan, University of West Georgia, USA Germany Frank Nack, Université de Lyon, France Enrico Rukzio, University of Munich, Germany Eunyee Koh, Texas A&M University, USA Kumiyo Nakakoji, University of Tokyo, Japan Daniel Russell, Google, USA Joseph Konstan, University of Minnesota, USA Hideyuki Nakanishi, Kyoto University, Japan Cristian Rusu, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Jesse Kriss, IBM, USA Bonnie Nardi, Agilent Technologies, USA Valparaiso, Chile Per Ola Kristensson, Linkoping University, Sweden Les Nelson, PARC, USA Kathy Ryall, Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories, Ernst Kruijff, Graz University of Technology, Austria Carman Neustaedter, University of Calgary, Canada USA John Krumm, Microsoft, USA David Nguyen, University of California, Irvine, USA Dan Saffer, Carnegie Mellon University, USA Michael Kuniavsky, ThingM, USA Jeffrey Nichols, Carnegie Mellon University, USA Jaime Sánchez, University of Chile, Chile Gordon Kurtenbach, Autodesk, Canada Lira Nikolovska, MIT, USA Aleksandra Sarcevic, Rutgers University, USA Hideaki Kuzuoka, University of Tsukuba, Japan Alexander Nischelwitzer, University of Applied Diane Schiano, Stanford University, USA Jennifer Lai, IBM, USA Sciences, Joanneum, Austria m c schraefel, University of Southampton, UK Denis Lalanne, University of Fribourg, Switzerland Nicolas Nova, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Martin Schrepp, SAP, Germany Tessa Lau, IBM, USA Lausannne, Switzerland Richard Schuler, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Effie Law,Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Nuno Nunes, University of Madeira, Portugal USA Zurich), UK Kenton O’Hara, Hewlett-Packard, UK Jordan Schwartz, Microsoft, USA Wednesday Eric Lee, RWTH Aachen University, Germany Masao Ohira, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Stacey Scott, MIT, USA Brian Lee, Stanford University, USA Japan Abigail Sellen, Microsoft, UK Surapong Lertsithichai, Silpakorn University, Thailand Jim Oliver, eBay, Inc., USA Phoebe Sengers, Cornell University, USA James Lester, North Carolina State University, USA Joshua O’Madadhain, Microsoft & University of N. Sadat Shami, Cornell University, USA Du Li, Texas A&M University, USA California, Irvine, USA Chris Shaw, Simon Fraser University Surrey, Canada Yang Li, University of Washington, USA Takehiko Oono, NTT Department II, Japan Wingly Shih, National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan James Lin, IBM, USA Benoit Otjacques, Public Research Centre - Gabriel Bruno Silva, PUC-Rio, Brasil Lorna Lines, Brunel University, UK Lippmann, Luxembourg Carla Simone, Universita’ di Milano-Bicocca, Italy Shih-yen Liu, National Taiwan University, Taiwan Volker Paelke, University of Hannover, Germany Rashmi Sinha, USA Mark Livingston, Naval Research Laboratory, USA Andreas Paepcke, Stanford University, USA Roger Slack, University of Edinburgh, UK Sara Ljungblad, Viktoria Institute, Sweden Philippe Palanque, Université Paul Sabatier, France Diana Smetters, PARC, USA Peter Ljungstrand, Chalmers University of Technology, Leysia Palen, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA Marc Smith, Microsoft, USA Sweden Bing Pan, Cornell University, USA Timothy Sohn, University of California, San Diego, USA Steve Love, Brunel University, UK Tapan Parikh, University of Washington, USA Tomas Sokoler, Malmoe University, Sweden Christopher Lueg, University of Tasmania, Australia , Georgia Institute of Technology, USA Dezhen Song, Department of Computer Science, USA Jay Lundell, Intel, USA Sameer Patil, University of California, Irvine, USA Eyal Sonsino, IBM, Israel Johan Lundin, Viktoria Institute, Sweden Andrew Patrick, National Research Council of Canada, Suzanne Soroczak, University of Washington, USA Jan-Maarten Luursema, University of Twente, the Canada Vladimir Soroka, IBM, Israel Netherlands Eric Paulos, Intel, USA Mirjana Spasojevic, Yahoo!, USA Catriona Macaulay, University of Dundee, UK Jon Pearce, University of Melbourne, Australia Robert St. Amant, North Carolina State University, USA José Macías iglesias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Sonja Pedell, The University of Melbourne, Australia John Stasko, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA Spain Elin Pedersen, Microsoft, USA Molly Stevens, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA Christine MacKenzie, Simon Fraser University, Canada Trevor Pering, Intel, USA James Stewart, Queen’s Univeristy, Canada Sascha Mahlke, Berlin University of Technology, Mark Perry, Brunel University, UK Maureen Stone, StoneSoup Consulting, USA Germany Christian Peter, Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Hank Strub, Siemens, USA Scott Mainwaring, Intel, USA Graphics Rostock, Germany Sriram Subramanian, University of Saskatchewan, Heidy Maldonado, Stanford University, USA Susan Petrick, Intuit, USA Canada Regan Mandryk, Dalhousie University, Canada Mårten Pettersson, Malmö University, Sweden Bongwon Suh, PARC, USA Jennifer Mankoff, Carnegie Mellon University, USA Doantam Phan, Stanford University, USA Martin Svensson, Swedish Institue of Computer Ana Maria Marhan, Institutul de Filosofie si Psihologie, Bruce Phillips, Microsoft, USA Science, Sweden Romania David Pinelle, University of Saskatchewan, Canada Laurel Swan, Brunel University, UK Panos Markopoulos, Technical University Eindhoven, Claudio Pinhanez, IBM, USA Desney Tan, Microsoft, USA the Netherlands Niels Pinkwart, TU Clausthal, Germany Diane Tang, Google, USA Catherine C. Marshall, Microsoft, USA Barry Po, Cogneto Development Inc., Canada Anthony Tang, University of British Columbia, Canada Stefan Marti, Samsung, USA Sascha Pohflepp,UDK, Berlin, Germany Matthew Tarpy, PCTEL, Inc., USA Masood Masoodian, The University of Waikato, New Christopher Power, University of York, Canada Hiroyuki Tarumi, Kagawa University, Japan Zealand Raquel Prates, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Laura Tateosian, North Carolina State University, USA Michael Massimi, University of Toronto, Canada Brazil Alex Taylor, Microsoft, UK Takashi Matsumoto, Keio University, Japan Scott Preece, Motorola, USA Kimberly Tee, University of Calgary, Canada Tara Matthews, University of California, Berkeley, USA Wolfgang Prinz, Fraunhofer FIT, Germany Jaime Teevan, MIT, USA Joe McCarthy, Nokia, USA Thomas Psik, Vienna Universtity of Technology, Austria Monica Tentori, CICESE, Mexico David McDonald, University of Washington, USA Pearl Pu, Human Computer Interaction Group, Andrea Thomaz, MIT, USA Jane McGonigal, University of California, Berkeley, USA Switzerland Jennifer Thom-Santelli, Cornell University, USA David McGookin, University of Glasgow, UK Aaron Quigley, University College Dublin, Ireland James Thornton, PARC, USA

CONTINUES ON BACK Acknowledgements CONTINUED

NOTES Reviewers – continued ■ Courses Reviewers Amy Bruckman, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA Nick Bryan-Kinns, Queen Mary College, University of Ramayah Thurasamy, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia Michael Atwood, Drexel University, USA London, UK Bill Tomlinson, University of California, Irvine, USA Scott Berkun, Scott Berkun Consulting, USA Sam Bucolo, Australasian CRC for Interaction Design, Zachary Toups, Texas A&M University, USA Sara Bly, Sara Bly Consulting, USA Australia Stefan Trausan-Matu, Polytechnic University Jonathan Boardman, AVEVA, USA Anthony Burke, University of California, Berkeley, USA Bucharest, Romania Ruven Brooks, Rockwell Software, USA Daniela Busse, SAP Labs, USA Shari Trewin, IBM, USA Keith Butler, PhD, Microsoft, USA Licia Calvi, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium Khai Truong, University of Toronto, Canada Thomas Erickson, IBM, USA Anxo Cereijo Roibas, University of Brighton, UK Manfred Tscheligi, University of Salzburg - ICT&S, Austria Michael Faoro, Microsoft, USA Ann-Marie Chadwick-Dias, Fidelity Investments, USA Edward Tse, University of Calgary, Canada Lois Frankel, Carleton University, USA Wilson Chan, Adobe, USA Lorna Uden, Staffordshire University, UK Robert J.K. Jacob, Tufts University, USA Michele Chang, Intel, USA Frank van Ham, IBM, USA Robin Jeffries, Google, USA Angela Chang, MIT, USA Charles VanderMast, Delft University of Technology, Jon Kolko, Savannah College of Art and Design, USA Mario Chiesa, Istituto Superiore Mario Boella, Italy the Netherlands Joseph A. Konstan, University of Minnesota, USA Luigina Ciolfi,University of Limerick, Ireland Ravi Vatrapu, University of Hawaii, Manoa, USA Jon Meads, Usability Architects, Inc., USA Gilbert Cockton, University of Sunderland, UK Catherine Vaucelle, MIT, USA Katie Minardo, The MITRE Corporation, USA Nathalie Colineau, CSIRO, Australia Elizabeth Veinott, Klein Associates, USA John ‘Scooter’ Morris, UC San Francisco, USA Chris Connors, Apple, USA Frank Vetere, University of Melbourne, Australia Tek-Jin Nam, KAIST, Republic of Korea Sunny Consolvo, Intel, USA Paul Vickers, Northumbria University, UK Erik Nilsen, Lewis & Clark College, USA Perry Cook, Princeton University, USA Fernanda Viégas, IBM, USA Fabio Paternò, ISTI-CNR, Italy John Crowley, MAYA Design, USA Nadine VIGOUROUX, Institut de Recherche en Kari-Jouko Räihä, University of Tampere, Finland Abe Crystal, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA Informatique, Centre National de la Recherche Scott Robertson, Drexel University, USA James Cunningham, AT&T, USA Scientifique,France Fred Sampson, IBM, USA Shiraz Cupala, Autonomy Systems, LLC, USA Nicolas Villar, Lancaster University, UK Christian Sturm, Universidad Tecnológica de la Mixteca, William Curtis-Davidson, IBM, USA Stephen Viller, University of Queensland, Australia Mexico Ben Daniel, University of Saskatchewan, Canada Robert Virzi, Verizon, USA John C. Thomas, IBM, USA Antonella De Angeli, University of Manchester Institute Juergen Vogel, European Media Lab, Germany Susan Wiedenbeck, Drexel University, USA of Science and Technology, UK Amy Voida, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA Marco de Sá, University of Lisbon, Portugal Luis von Ahn, Carnegie Mellon University, USA ■ Pierre Dillenbourg, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Ron Wakkary, Simon Fraser University, Canada Contemporary Trends and Lausanne, Switzerland Steven Wall, University of Glasgow, UK Experiences Reviewers Ellen Yi-Luen Do, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA Michael Wallick, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA Piotr Adamczyk, University of Illinois, Urbana- Claire Dormann, Carleton University, Canada QianYing Wang, Stanford University, USA Champaign, USA Silke Dr. Lang, ETH Zurich, Switzerland Shuo Wang, Microsoft, China Ray Adams, Middlesex University, UK Henry Been-Lirn Duh, Nanyang Technological Nigel Ward, University of Texas, El Paso, USA Stefan Agamanolis, Media Lab Europe, Ireland University, Singapore Andrew Warr, University of Oxford, UK Bipin B. Agravat, Media Lab Asia, India Hakan Duman, University of Essex, UK Martin Wattenberg, IBM, USA Fahim Akhter, Zayed University, United Arab Emirates Lynne Dunckley, Thames Valley University, UK Leon Watts, University of Bath, UK Chap Ambrose, A Red & Gray Group, USA Thomas Erickson, IBM, USA Gerhard Weber, Multimedia Campus Kiel, Germany Pedro Antunes, University of Lisboa, Portugal Mattias Esbjörnsson, Mobility, The Interactive Institute, Alexandra Weilenmann, IT-University of Göteborg, Timo Arnall, Oslo School of Architecture & Design, Sweden Sweden Norway Bernd Ewert, PayPal, Inc, USA Catherine Weir, The University of Edinburgh, UK Jeremy Ashley, Oracle, USA Doria Fan, Interactive Telecommunications Program, USA Martin Wetterstrand, Århus University, Denmark Brent Auernheimer, California State University, Fresno, Rod Farmer, The University of Melbourne, Australia Ryen White, Microsoft, USA USA J. Shawn Farris, Atlantic Human Factors, USA Mikael Wiberg, Umea University, Sweden Jason Babcock, Positive Science, LLC, USA Daniel Felix, ergonomie & technologie (e&t) GmbH, Charlotte Wiberg, Umea University, Sweden Julie Baca, Mississippi State University, USA Switzerland Amanda Williams, University of California, Irvine, USA Maribeth Back, USA Sue Fenley, Reading University, UK Jacob Wobbrock, University of Washington, USA Lynne Baillie, Forschungszentrum Telekommunikation Mikael Fernstrom, Interaction Design Centre, Ireland Christa Womser-Hacker, University of Hildesheim, Wien, Austria Jodi Forlizzi, Carnegie Mellon University, USA Germany Arianna Bassoli, London School of Economics, UK Andrea Forte, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA Pak-Chung Wong, Pacific Northwest National Patrick Baudisch, Microsoft, USA Brooke Foucault, Northwestern University, USA Laboratory, USA Russell Beale, University of Birmingham, UK Karmen Franinovic, Zero-Th Association, Canada Alan Woolrych, University of Sunderland, UK Peter Benda, The University of Melbourne, Australia Leo Frishberg, Tektronix, Inc., USA Susan Wyche, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA David Benyon, Napier University, UK Peter Fröhlich, Telecommunications Research Center Sha Xin Wei, , Canada Scott Berkun, UIWeb, USA Vienna, Austria Jeonghwa Yang, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA Andrea Berman, Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation, USA William Gaver, Goldsmiths College, UK Nicole Yankelovich, Sun Microsystems, USA Nigel Bevan, Profesional Usability Services, UK Lalya Gaye, Viktoria Institute, Sweden Hiroaki Yano, University of Tsukuba, Japan Suresh Bhavnani, University of Michigan, USA Francine Gemperle, MAYA Design, USA Yunwen Ye, University of Colorado, USA David Bianciardi, Audio, Video & Controls, Inc., USA David Gilmore, Intel, USA Ka-Ping Yee, University of California, Berkeley, USA Mark Billinghurst, University of Washington, New Zealand Paul Gnanayutham, University of Portsmouth, UK Ron Yeh, Stanford University, USA Durrell Bishop, UK Gloria Gomez, Swinburne University of Technology, Alvin Yeo, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Malaysia Staffan Björk, Interactive Institute, Sweden Australia Richard Young, University College London, UK Alan Blackwell, University of Cambridge, UK Elizabeth Goodman, University of California, Berkeley, Alexandra Zafiroglu,Intel, USA Tina Blaine, Carnegie Mellon University, USA USA Panayiotis Zaphiris, City University, UK Julian Bleecker, Art Technologist, USA Peter Gorny, University of Oldenburg, Germany Nora Zelhofer, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Eli Blevis, Indiana University, USA Saul Greenberg, University of Calgary, Canada Germany Jonathan Boardman, UK Tom Gross, Bauhaus-University Weimar, Germany Shengdong Zhao, University of Toronto, Canada Clara Boj, Interaction and Entertainment Research Dan Grossman, The Savannah College of Art and Qixing Zheng, University of British Columbia, Canada Center, Singapore Design, USA Martina Ziefle,RWTH Aachen University, Germany Mark Bolas, University of Sothern California, USA Alexander Grunsteidl, Digital Wellbeing Labs, UK Juergen Ziegler, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany Deirdre Bonini, Yuseo, France Anne Haake, Rochester Institute of Technology, USA Jamie Zigelbaum, Tufts University, USA Dominic Bouwhuis, Eindhoven University of Technology, Maria Håkansson, Viktoria Institute, Sweden John Zimmerman, Carnegie Mellon University, USA the Netherlands Michael Haller, Upper Austria University of Applied Aaron Zinman, MIT, USA Jennifer Bove, Schematic, USA Sciences, Austria Chris Bregler, USA Dong-Han Ham, Middlesex University, London Johanna Brewer, University of California, Irvine, USA Thomas Hansen, Aarhus University, Denmark Christina Brodersen, University of Aarhus, Denmark Bjoern Hartmann, Stanford University, USA Barry Brown, University of Glasgow, UK Nick Hausman, USA

CONTINUES NEXT TAB May 2, 2007 | Wednesday

9:00—10:00 10:00—10:30 11:30—13:00 14:30—16:00 16:30—18:00

Lifetime Achievement CHI MADNESS Interactive Session Interactive Session Interactive Session Award Jim Foley Page 66 Web 2.0 and the Enterprise Industrial Design: Towards an Semantic Web HCI: Discussing Page 67 Integrated Product Development Research Implications CIVIC Past, Present, & Future of HCC Process Page 74 AUDITORIUM Education: What We Page 70 Teach, How We Teach Page 66

Papers Papers Papers Room Video Multimodal Interactions Novel Navigation A1 Page 67 Page 70 Page 74

Papers Papers Papers Room Security Distributed Interaction People, Looking at People A2 Page 67 Page 70 Page 74

Papers Papers Papers Room Emotion & Empathy Learning & Education Input Techniques A3 Page 67 Page 71 Page 75

Papers Papers Papers Room Collaboration at Work Designing for Specific Cultures Location Aware Systems A4 & A5 Page 68 Page 71 Page 75

Competition  Experience Reports Experience Report Room Student Design Competition Development Process Ethnography A8 Page 68 Page 72 Page 75

Papers Papers Papers Room Tags, Tagging, & Notetaking Mobile Kits & Stuff Social Network Sharing B1 – B4 Page 68 Page 72 Page 76

Interactivity ALT.CHI Competition Room Adaptation & Augmentation Life on Mars: HCI in Space, Student Research Competition C2 Page 69 Cyberspace, and Beyond Page 76 Page 72

SIG SIG SIG Room Engineering Community Research Community Design Community C4 Page 69 Page 73 Page 76

Course 28 Course 32 Course 33 Room Ajax — Design & Usability Avoiding “We Can’t Change THAT!”: Avoiding “We Can’t Do THAT Page 77 An Introduction to Usability and Either!”: Usability Supporting A6 Software Architecture Software Architecture Patterns Page 77 Page 77

Course 26 Course 27 Room Faceted Metadata for Information Architecture & Search Empirical Research Methods for Human Computer Interaction A7 Page 78 Page 78

Course 31 Course 29 Course 30 Room Expert Reviews — For Experts How to Build Rich Personas from Usability Testing: Creating Good C3 Page 78 Field Data Test Tasks Page 78 Page 79

Course 23 Almaden Analyzing Qualitative Data From Field Studies Ballroom I Page 79

Course 24 Course 25 Almaden Understanding Mobile Interaction Design Doing Mobile Interaction Design Ballroom II Page 79 Page 79

= 15 minutes = 30 minutes = unscheduled time

COMMONS SPECIAL EVENTS Exhibits, Interactivity, & Info Booth Spotlight on Work-in-Progress SIGCHI Member Meeting Hospitality Events 10:30—18:00 Posters (#105-156) 18:10—19:30 18:30—20:30 10:30—11:30 B1-B4 Marriott Hotel, Fairmont Hotel Concourse 20:30—22:30 Tech Museum

CHI 2007 | San Jose, California, USA | 65 Wednesday | Morning | 9:00—10:30

■ AWARD TALK | Civic Auditorium

Lifetime Achievement Award: Jim Foley SESSION CHAIR: Stuart K. Card, PARC, USA

Past, Present, and Future of HCC Education: What We Teach, How We Teach

Jim Foley, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA

I have several goals with this talk. One is to briefly trace the evolution of HCI education from the 1970s to the present, including the development of a broader emphasis on Human- Centered Computing. The second goal is to describe my current research in re-designing how to teach HCI – by taking the lecture out of the classroom onto the web, so that class can be more about doing and discussing and less about listening. Our classroom experiments show that students learn more and better enjoy this approach as opposed to a more lecture- oriented style. Also, our lab studies show that students learn more from watching web lectures that include video versus only audio, PowerPoint, table of contents and viewing controls. Third, I describe our evolving HCC Educational Digital Library (EDL) – a resource for teachers and learners — and the ResultMap visualization used in the library.

■ CHI MADNESS | Civic Auditorium

Patrick Baudisch, Microsoft, USA Gonzalo Ramos, University of Toronto, Canada

CHI’s 30 second Madness, which premiered in Montréal, returns to give everyone a lightning speed overview of the day’s program.

66 | Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 11:30—13:00 | Mid-Morning | Wednesday

■ Interactive SESSION | Civic Auditorium ■ PAPERS | Room: A2

Web 2.0 and the Enterprise: Security The business impact of modern SESSION CHAIR: Carlos Jensen, Oregon State University, USA technological approaches to web application design PAPER | Pictures at the ATM: Exploring the Usability of Multiple Graphical Passwords MODERATOR: Jon Kolko, Savannah College of Art & Design, USA Wendy Moncur, Aberdeen University, UK Panelists: Gregory Leplatre, Napier University, UK Jeff Veen, Google and Founder of Adaptive Path, USA Extends graphical authentication mechanism research by Jonathan Grubb, Chief Product Officer, Satisfaction evaluating the memorability of multiple graphical passwords. — Rubyred Labs, USA Supports practitioners seeking to establish usable alternatives “Web 2.0” has become the accepted phrase used to refer to to knowledge-based approaches to security. newer, more fluid client/server interactions on the web, as combined with a philosophical view of user-empowerment and shared content ownership. This session will bring together PAPER | Password Sharing: Implications for Security several individuals responsible for the application of Web 2.0 Design Based on Social Practice strategies in the enterprise. They will discuss the implications Supriya Singh, Anuja Cabraal, Royal Melbourne Institute of these advanced web approaches have on business-centered Technology & Smart Internet Technology CRC, Australia web application development and will share insight into the Catherine Demosthenous, Griffith University & Smart Internet cultural, business, and technological issues raised by these new Technology CRC, Australia approaches to product development. Gunela Astbrink, Michele Furlong, GSA Information Consultants & Smart Internet Technology CRC, Australia

■ PAPERS | Room: A1 Security design needs to go beyond the individual to users in their social and cultural context to take into account the Video common practice of sharing domestic banking access codes. SESSION CHAIR: Wendy Mackay, INRIA, France PAPER | Protecting People from Phishing: The Design PAPER | Consuming Video on Mobile Devices and Evaluation of an Embedded Training Email System

Kenton O’Hara, Hewlett-Packard, UK Ponnurangam Kumaraguru, Yong Rhee, Alessandro Acquisti, April Slayden Mitchell, Alex Vorbau, Hewlett-Packard, USA Lorrie Cranor, Jason I. Hong, Elizabeth Nunge, Carnegie Mellon University, USA The paper presents a user study of everyday practices with mobile video devices, identifying underlying social motivations We present the design and evaluation of an email-based and values. Implications for adoption and design of mobile video embedded training system that teaches people how to protect technologies are discussed. themselves from phishing attacks, and outline some design principles for such systems. PAPER | Effects of Audio and Visual Surrogates for Making Sense of Digital Video ■ PAPERS | Room: A3 Yaxiao Song, Gary Marchionini, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA Emotion & Empathy

This paper provides strong evidence that combined visual-audio SESSION CHAIR: Diane Schiano, PARC, USA surrogates are effective, are strongly preferred, and do not penalize efficiency; and that audio surrogates are better than NOTE | Studying Antecedents of Emotional visual surrogates alone. Experiences in Interactive Contexts Sascha S. Mahlke, Manfred M. Thüring, Berlin University of PAPER | Watching Together: Integrating Text Chat Technology, Germany with Video Presents a comprehensive approach to the experimental study Justin D. Weisz, Sara Kiesler, Hui Zhang, Yuqing Ren, Robert of user experience processes and illustrates its application by E. Kraut, Carnegie Mellon University, USA an exemplary study on variations of mobile digital audio player Joseph A. Konstan, University of Minnesota, USA design properties.

Investigates the shared experience of live streaming video online with chat. Demonstrates that chat is distracting but does not impede the user experience and improves social relationships.

CHI 2007 | San Jose, California, USA | 67 Wednesday | Mid-Morning | 11:30—13:00

NOTE | Expressing Emotion in Text-Based PAPER | Recent Shortcuts: Using Recent Interactions Communication to Support Shared Activities

Jeffrey T. Hancock, Chris Landrigan, Courtney Silver, Cornell John C. Tang, James Lin, Jeffrey S. Pierce, IBM, USA University, USA Steve Whittaker, Sheffield University,UK Clemens Drews, IBM, USA The present study examines how positive and negative affect is expressed and assessed in computer-mediated communication, We describe an empirical study identifying opportunities to providing insight into how emotion is linguistically enacted in support user work on shared activities through improved access text-based conversation. to recently used computer objects and present a prototype to realize those opportunities.

PAPER | Patterns of Empathy in Online Communication PAPER | A Study of Out-of-Turn Interaction in Menu- Ulrike Pfeil, Panayiotis Zaphiris, City University London, UK Based, IVR, Voicemail Systems

We clarify the phenomenon of online empathy. Our code scheme Saverio Perugini, Taylor J. Anderson, William F. Moroney, goes beyond existing research and provide a framework for University of Dayton, USA analyzing the nature and degree of empathy within an online community. Presents a study of an interaction technique for IVRs which explores a new dimension of the design space. Results indicate that this technique saves the user time and improves usability. PAPER | Exploring Affective Design for Physical Controls ■ COMPETITION | A8 Colin Swindells, Karon E. MacLean, Kellogg S. Booth, Michael J. Meitner, University of British Columbia, Canada Student Design Competition Case-study of emotional design for physical controls. Assists SESSION CHAIRS: designers in i) improving emotional appropriateness and ii) Steven A. Wall, University of Glasgow, UK better understanding resulting performance trade-offs, when Ilona Posner, Usability Consultant, Canada designing ubiquitous computing systems. JUDGES: Richard Banks, Microsoft, UK ■ PAPERS | Room: A4 & A5 Apala Lahiri Chavan, Human Factors International, India Silvia Zimmermann, Usability.ch, Switzerland Collaboration At Work This is the third and final round of the CHI 2006 Student Design SESSION CHAIR: Wendy A. Kellogg, IBM, USA Competition. This session offers the four finalist student teams the opportunity to present their design projects to CHI NOTE | Koala: Capture, Share, Automate, Personalize attendees. A panel of expert judges will evaluate and score the Business Processes on the Web projects on the basis of this presentation, considering the design process as well as the final product. Greg Little, MIT, USA Tessa Lau, Allen Cypher, James Lin, Eben Haber, Eser Kandogan, IBM, USA ■ PAPERS | Room: B1-B4 Koala presents a new paradigm in end-user programming: programming by demonstration where recorded actions are Tags, Tagging, & Notetaking human readable and editable; data stores to automatically SESSION CHAIR: Gina Venolia, Microsoft, USA personalize procedures; and a wiki for procedures. PAPER | Why We Tag: Motivations for Annotation in NOTE | Understanding Memory Triggers for Task Mobile and Online Media Tracking Morgan G. Ames, Yahoo!, Stanford University, & University of California, Berkeley, USA A. J. Bernheim Brush, Brian R. Meyers, Desney S. Tan, Mary Mor Naaman, Yahoo! & Stanford University, USA Czerwinski, Microsoft, USA Provides a taxonomy of motivations for tagging photographs, Describes an observational field study of status report writing. using photo-sharing site Flickr and prototype cameraphone Presents implications for the design of computer assisted time application ZoneTag. Gives designers and researchers methods tracking systems that support personal introspection and status for encouraging annotation in tagging and image applications. report writing.

68 | Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 11:30—13:00 | Mid-Morning | Wednesday

PAPER | Selection-Based Note-Taking Applications BluetunA: Let Your Know What Music You Like

Aaron Bauer, Kenneth R. Koedinger, Carnegie Mellon Stephan Baumann, DFKI GmbH, Germany University, USA Arianna Bassoli, The London School of Economics, UK Björn Jung, Technical University of Kaiserslautern, Germany Presents a study comparing the note-taking behaviors and Martin Wisniowski, Academy of Media Arts, Cologne, Germany learning outcomes of four different note-taking applications. BluetunA is an application running on Bluetooth-enabled mobile Describes implications for the design of selection-based note- phones that allows users to share information about their taking applications. favorite music. With BluetunA people can select a list of favorite artists or songs and see who else in proximity share their taste in music, or they can search whom nearby has selected NOTE | Mobile Interaction with Visual and RFID Tags — specific artists, and check out what other preferences in terms A Field Study on User Perceptions of music these people have. Moreover, BluetunA users can Kaj Mäkelä, Nokia, USA exchange messages with each other over Bluetooth, connect Sara Belt, University of Oulu, Finland to the Internet to download their profile and obtain music Dan Greenblatt, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA recommendations from Last.fm website. Jonna Häkkilä, Nokia, Finland Dreaming of Adaptive Interface Agents Our field study of 50 users charts existing user perceptions on mobile interaction with RFID and visual tags and reveals Bill Tomlinson, Eric Baumer, Man Lok Yau, Paul Mac Alpine, potential usability risks related to them. Lorenzo Canales, Andrew Correa, Bryant Hornick, Anju Sharma, University of California, Irvine, USA In the project described here, the system adapts when the user NOTE | Getting Our Head in the Clouds: Toward allows it to go to sleep long enough to have a dream. In addition, Evaluation Studies of Tagclouds the dream itself is a visualization of the transformation of the interface, so that a person may see what changes have occurred. A. W. Rivadeneira, University of Maryland, USA Daniel M. Gruen, Michael J. Muller, David R. Millen, IBM, USA imPulse Two studies explore impact of tagclouds’ textual and positional attributes on task effectiveness, leading toward a paradigm Gilad Lotan, Christian Croft, ITP – NYU, USA for tagcloud evaluation. Can help researchers and designers to imPulse is a modular design object that senses pulse and improve social software displays. allows users to wirelessly transmit their heartbeat rhythms to companion imPulse units. By synchronizing light and vibrations with users’ personal heartbeats, these devices create intimacy ■ INTERACTIVITY | Room: C2 across distance.

Adaptation & Augmentation The Mixed Reality Book: A New Multimedia SESSION CHAIR: Tom Igoe, New York University, USA Reading Experience Raphael Grasset, Mark Billinghurst, Andreas Duesner, Hartmut Interactive Exploration of City Maps with Auditory Seichter, HIT Lab NZ, & University of Canterbury, New Zealand Torches We are introducing a new type of digitally enhanced book which Wilko Heuten, Niels Henze, OFFIS, Germany symbiotically merges different type of media in a seamless Susanne Boll, University of Oldenburg, Germany approach. By keeping the traditional book (and its affordances) and visually and aurally enhancing it, we are hoping to provide To provide a nonvisual access to map information, we developed a highly efficient combination of the physical and digital world. an interactive auditory city map, which uses 3D nonspeech Our solution is based on recent developments in computer vision sound to convey the position, shape, and type of geographic tracking, advanced GPU graphics, and spatial sound rendering. objects. We designed a virtual walk-through, equipped the user The demonstration will also show the collaborative possibilities with an auditory torch, and introduced a bird’s eye view on the of the system by allowing other users to be part of the story. auditory map. Our evaluation shows that our approaches enable the user to gain an understanding of the explored environment. ■ Special interest group | Room: C4

Engineering Community SIG Moderators: Alan Blackwell, Cambridge University, UK John ‘Scooter’ Morris, University of California, San Francisco, USA This SIG will provide a forum for people interested in bringing the best of the field of engineering to the field of HCI.

CHI 2007 | San Jose, California, USA | 69 Wednesday | Afternoon | 14:30—16:00

■ Interactive SESSION | Civic Auditorium Experience Report | Minimizing Modality Bias When Exploring Input Preferences for Multimodal Systems in Industrial Design: Challenges and New Domains: The Archivus Case Study Successes Towards an Integrated Product Development Process Agnes Lisowska, Susan Armstrong, University of Geneva, Switzerland MODERATOR: Martin Rajman, Ecole Polytechnique Federal de Lausanne, David Gilmore, Intel, USA Switzerland Panelists: Mireille Betrancourt, University of Geneva, Switzerland Jeremy Ashley, Vice President User Experience, Oracle, USA In this paper we discuss the problems faced when trying to Tucker Viemeister, Vice President Creative, Studio Red, USA design an evaluation protocol for a multimodal system using Tim Wood, Creative Director, Kodak, USA novel input modalities and in a new domain. In particular, we Inexpensive components and increased user demand have focus on the problem of trying to minimize bias towards certain led to an influx in consumer electronics in many of our daily modalities and interaction patterns that might be introduced by lives. These physical products commonly have both a physical experimenters in the instructions given to users which explain interface and a digital interface. This session will examine the how the system can be used. converging worlds of Industrial Design and Interaction Design; the invited speakers will discuss their thoughts, experiences, and concerns as related to a holistic view of product development ■ PAPERS | Room: A2 — development that incorporates a single team of designers responsible for a seamless physical and digital user experience. Distributed Interaction SESSION CHAIR: Susan Fussell, Carnegie Mellon University, USA

■ PAPERS | Room: A1 PAPER | An Empirical Study of the Use of Visually Enhanced VoIP Audio Conferencing: The Case of IEAC Multimodal Interactions Xianghua Ding, University of California, Irvine, USA SESSION CHAIR: Edward Cutrell, Microsoft, USA Thomas Erickson, Wendy A. Kellogg, Stephen Levy, James Christensen, Jeremy Sussman, Tracee Vetting Wolf, William PAPER | Supporting Multi-Point Interaction in E. Bennett, IBM, USA Visual Workspaces The first study of the use of a widely deployed visually enhanced Garth Shoemaker, Idelix Software, Canada VoIP audio conferencing system. Sheds light on how and why Carl Gutwin, University of Saskatchewan, Canada callers use the visualization to achieve their ends. Introduces the concept of a multi-point interaction task. Presents a design framework and three novel techniques for supporting these tasks. Demonstrates that the new techniques PAPER | Voyagers and Voyeurs: Supporting are superior to standard methods. Asynchronous Collaborative Information Visualization Jeffrey Heer, University of California, Berkeley, USA Fernanda B. Viégas, Martin Wattenberg, IBM, USA PAPER | Multimodal Redundancy Across Handwriting and Speech During Computer Mediated Describes mechanisms for asynchronous collaboration around Human-Human Interactions interactive data visualizations. Includes novel collaboration mechanisms and design considerations for interactive visual Edward C Kaiser, Paulo Barthelmess, Candice Erdmann, Phil media and presents observations of social data analysis Cohen, Adapx, USA processes. We show that public presenters typically say what they handwrite, redundantly. We argue that this focuses attention on PAPER | Turn it This Way: Grounding Collaborative dialogue-critical terms, and describe leveraging that redundancy for unsupervised, dynamic vocabulary learning. Action with Remote Gestures David Kirk, Tom Rodden, University of Nottingham, UK Danae Stanton-Fraser, University of Bath, UK

Generates a deeper understanding of the effects of remote gesturing technologies on the grounding of collaborative language, deriving from this significant implications for the development and deployment of these technologies.

70 | Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 14:30—16:00 | Afternoon | Wednesday

■ PAPERS | Room: A3 ■ PAPERS | Room: A4 & A5

Learning & Education Designing for Specific Cultures SESSION CHAIR: Deborah Tatar, Virginia Polytechnic SESSION CHAIR: John C. Thomas, IBM, USA Institute and State University, USA PAPER | How HCI Interprets the Probes PAPER | The Validity of a Virtual Human Experience for Interpersonal Skills Education Kirsten Boehner, Janet Vertesi, Phoebe Sengers, Cornell University, USA Kyle Johnsen, Andrew Raij, Amy Stevens, University of Paul Dourish, University of California, Irvine, USA Florida, USA D. Scott Lind, Medical College of Georgia, USA Analyses the use of cultural probes and allied methods in Benjamin Lok, , USA HCI design practice. Provides an alternative account of the relationship between data gathering and knowledge production We add critical validation results using life-size interactive in HCI. virtual humans for interaction skills education. Readers gain insight into virtual humans, how they can be validated, and the benefits of validation. PAPER | Social Dynamics of Early Stage Co-Design in Developing Regions

PAPER | Modeling and Understanding Students’ Off- Divya Ramachandran, Matthew Kam, University of California, Task Behavior in Intelligent Tutoring Systems Berkeley, USA Jane Chiu, Google, USA Ryan S. J. D. Baker, University of Nottingham, UK John Canny, University of California, Berkeley, USA James L. Frankel, Frankel and Associates, Inc., USA Presents a machine-learned model and motivational profile of off-task behavior in an intelligent tutoring system. Can Generalizes lessons from three field studies for effectively be used to drive adaptation to off-task behavior and to inform engaging local stakeholders in developing regions in early stage design. design based on using technology artifacts, and observations of social networks in communities.

NOTE | Improvisation Principles and Techniques for Design PAPER | Localized Iterative Design for Language Learning in Underdeveloped Regions: The PACE Elizabeth Gerber, Stanford University, USA Framework

This paper explores the application of the principles and Matthew Kam, Divya Ramachandran, Varun Devanathan, techniques of improvisation to the practice of design, University of California, Berkeley, USA demonstrating potential successful outcomes at the individual Anuj Tewari, Dhirubhai Ambani Institute of Information and and group level in design. Communication Technology, India John Canny, University of California, Berkeley, USA

NOTE | Supporting Multidisciplinary Collaboration: A framework and process for localizing language learning Requirements from Novel HCI Education software for underdeveloped regions. Facilitates the rapid, cost-effective design of usable and pedagogically Piotr D. Adamczyk, Michael B. Twidale, University of Illinois, effective language learning software by promoting reuse Urbana-Champaign, USA and scalability. Suggests reasons for the poor rate of adoption of existing collaborative support tools and outline specific suggestions for directions in both ethnographic studies of multidisciplinary collaboration and collaborative systems design.

CHI 2007 | San Jose, California, USA | 71 Wednesday | Afternoon | 14:30—16:00

■ EXPERIENCE REPORTS | Room: A8 PAPER | Appropriation of a MMS-Based Comic Creator: From System Functionalities to Resources for Action Development Process Antti Salovaara, Helsinki Institute for Information Technology, SESSION CHAIR: Kumiyo Nakakoji, University of Tokyo & Finland SRA-KTL Inc., Japan Analyses users’ appropriation processes in a field trial of a Software Design and Engineering as a Social Process mobile comic strip creator. Suggests resources as an analytical concept to understand how to design system functionalities to William Stubblefield, Tania Carson, Sandia National support appropriation. Laboratories, USA

Traditionally, software engineering processes are based on PAPER | Mobile Kits and Laptop Trays: Managing a formalist model that emphasizes strict documentation, procedural, and validation standards, which can be a poor fit for Multiple Devices in Mobile Information Work multidisciplinary research and development communities. We Antti Oulasvirta, Lauri Sumari, Helsinki Institute for have approached this dilemma through a process model derived Information Technology, Finland from theories of collaborative work rather than formal process control. Reports that mobile workers migrate work across devices and describes the involved problems and strategies. This can help us understand how more flexible management of multiple devices UI Toolkit for Non-Designers in the Enterprise can be supported. Applications Industry

Liang-Cheng Lin, Microsoft, USA Wai On Lee, FLOW UX Design & Research, USA ■ ALT.CHI | Room: C2

This report describes a user interface (UI) toolkit used Life on Mars: HCI in Space, Cyberspace, for prototyping by non-designers. The toolkit enables the and Beyond development of standardized UI wireframes and click-through prototypes that comply with User Experience UI style guides and Session Chair: design specifications. Lars Erik Holmquist, Swedish Institute of Computer Science, Sweden

Evolution of a Concept: From Technology to End-User Challenges in Human-Computer Interaction for to Enterprise Manned Mars Exploration (30 min)

Lynne Brotman Karmin, Doree Seligmann, Mike Sammon, Ed Kim Binsted, University of Hawaii, USA Peebles, Avaya Labs Research, USA A seven-member crew (including the author) will spend four full We describe our experiences designing and trialing a hands-free, months at the Flashline Mars Arctic Research Station (FMARS) context-aware, mobile communications system for enterprise in Haughton Crater on Devon Island in the Canadian Arctic, in workers. Our concept, inspired by a new consumer technology, a Mars manned exploration simulation. The simulation will be was designed with a heavy focus on the end-user. as realistic as possible: limited water, cramped quarters, going outside in EVA (extra-vehicular activity) suits only, preserved food, etc. The author will present remotely from the FMARS habitat, giving a tour of the facility and its equipment, and ■ PAPERS | Room: B1-B4 discuss various human-computer interaction issues. Mobile Kits & Stuff SESSION CHAIR: Yvonne Rogers, Open University, UK Augmented Nature: Activated, Actuated, and Animated Small Natures with Pervasive Computers PAPER | iStuff MobilRapidly Prototyping New Mobile (20 min) Phone Interfaces for Ubiquitous Computing Hiroya Tanaka, Yusuke Murata, Keio-University, Japan Rafael Ballagas, Faraz Memon, Rene Reiners, Jan Borchers, RWTH Aachen University, Germany This paper proposes our novel way to design new-style “nature- mediated” interactive gadgets. It can also be called “computer- Introduces the first toolkit for rapid prototyping of sensor-based embedded small natures”. We adopted small, natural and interfaces for existing mobile phones. Provides a low threshold inorganic earth materials such as rough stones (on the street) and high ceiling for prototyping, as demonstrated through and raw shells (on the beach), and embedded small micro- examples and an evaluation. controllers into them for giving interactive functions.

72 | Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 14:30—16:00 | Afternoon | Wednesday

Full-Context Videos for First-Time, Non-Literate PC Users (20 min)

Indrani Medhi, Kentaro Toyama, Microsoft, India

Following previous work focused on non-literate users, we observed that in spite of our subjects’ understanding of the UI mechanics, they experienced barriers beyond illiteracy in interacting with the computer: lack of awareness of what the PC could deliver, fear and mistrust of the technology, and lack of comprehension about how information relevant to them was embedded in the PC. In this paper, we address these challenges with full-context video, which includes dramatizations of how a user might use the application and how relevant information comes to be contained in the computer, in addition to a tutorial of the UI.

Power of the Few vs. Wisdom of the Crowd: Wikipedia and the Rise of the Bourgeoisie (20 min)

Aniket Kittur, University of California, Los Angeles, USA Ed H. Chi, Bryan A. Pendleton, Bongwon Suh, PARC, USA Todd Mytkowicz, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA

In this study we examined how the influence of “elite” vs. “common” users changed over time in Wikipedia. The results suggest that although Wikipedia was driven by the influence of “elite” users early on, more recently there has been a dramatic shift in workload to the ”common” user. We also show the same shift in del.icio.us, a very different type of social collaborative knowledge system

■ Special Interest Group | Room: C4

Research Community SIG MODERATORS: David Gilmore, Intel, USA Desney S. Tan, Microsoft, USA

In this SIG, we will focus on lessons learned from the last 25 years as well as discussing how we can continue to develop these tracks as we move forward. Specifically, we will explore the roles of the various archival (e.g. papers, notes) and non- archival (e.g. posters, demos, alt.chi) tracks, and what they mean both to members of the community and to people outside the community (e.g. many tenure committees). Furthermore, we will discuss how we might expand the tracks to support non- traditional research, and how we can improve the review process so that we continue to accept the most innovative and impactful content.

CHI 2007 | San Jose, California, USA | 73 Wednesday | Late Afternoon | 16:30—18:00

■ INTERACTIVE SESSION | Civic Auditorium ■ PAPERS | Room: A2

Semantic Web HCI: Discussing Research People, Looking at People Implications SESSION CHAIR: Catalina Danis, IBM, USA Panelists: Duane Degler, IPGems, USA PAPER | Effects of Presenting Geographic Context on Scott Henninger, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, USA Tracking Activity between Cameras Lisa Battle, Design for Context, USA Andreas Girgensohn, FX Palo Alto Laboratory, USA Semantic Web progress is very active — and this past year shows Frank Shipman, Texas A&M University, USA a much greater focus on the subject of user interaction. W3C Thea Turner, Lynn Wilcox, FX Palo Alto Laboratory, USA leaders talk about the importance and “grand challenges” for Presents designs for providing geographic cues to aid cross- user interaction. Workshops showcase more well-developed camera activity tracking and compares user performance and projects and innovative interaction designs. A W3C mailing preferences. Shows implications for the design of interfaces for list has begun. But what are the implications for the HCI video surveillance or multi-video applications. community? What research and practice contributions can be made and what relationships can be fostered with the semantic web research community? This collaborative, interactive session PAPER | Dynamic Shared Visual Spaces: Experimenting will give CHI participants a chance to discuss the issues that with Automatic Camera Control in a Remote Repair Task have surfaced at recent semantic web workshops. Abhishek Ranjan, Jeremy P. Birnholtz, Ravin Balakrishnan, University of Toronto, Canada ■ PAPERS | Room: A1 Presents evaluation of automatic camera control in a remote Novel Navigation helper task. Results used to guide designs of automatic camera control systems. SESSION CHAIR: Anind K. Dey, Carnegie Mellon University, USA

PAPER | Command Strokes With and Without Preview: NOTE | “Look!” — Using the Gaze Direction of Embodied Using Pen Gestures on Keyboard for Command Agents Selection Johann Schrammel, Arjan Geven, Reinhard Sefelin, Center for Per Ola Kristensson, Linköpings Universitet, Sweden Usability Research & Engineering, Austria Shumin Zhai, IBM, USA Manfred Tscheligi, University of Salzburg, Austria Experiments investigating whether users can detect an agent’s Describes a novel method of command entry for pen interfaces. line of sight and whether the agent’s gaze patterns support Provides three user studies, that among other things, show users in performing different tasks. Can assist in developing benefit with technique over pull-down menus and that visual embodied agents. preview helps.

NOTE | Museum Guide Robot Based on Sociological PAPER | Shallow-Depth 3D Interaction: Design and Interaction Analysis Evaluation of One-, Two-, and Three-Touch Techniques Yoshinori Kuno, Kazuhisa Sadazuka, Michie Kawashima, Mark Hancock, Sheelagh Carpendale, University of Calgary, Keiichi Yamazaki, Saitama University, Japan Canada Akiko Yamazaki, Future University, Hakodate, Japan Andy Cockburn, University of Canterbury, New Zealand Hideaki Kuzuoka, University of Tsukuba, Japan Presents and compares three new direct-touch shallow-depth Describes a museum guide robot that turns its head while 3D interaction techniques for the tabletop display. Can assist explaining an exhibit. Shows when to turn the robot’s head for in designing effective 3D interactions for tabletop information improving the engagement between the human and the robot. organizing and sharing.

PAPER | Affordances for Manipulation of Physical vs. Digital Media on Interactive Surfaces

Lucia Terrenghi, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Germany David Kirk, University of Nottingham, UK Abigail Sellen, Shahram Izadi, Microsoft, UK We inform interface design for surface computing by discussing the results of a comparative study which elicits the different affordances for manipulation of physical versus digital media on interactive surfaces.

74 | Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 16:30—18:00 | Late Afternoon | Wednesday

■ PAPERS | Room: A3 PAPER | Capturing, Sharing, and Using Local Place Information Input Techniques Pamela J. Ludford, Reid Priedhorsky, Ken Reily, Loren SESSION CHAIR: Gonzalo Ramos, University of Toronto, Canada Terveen, University of Minnesota, USA

PAPER | Bubbling Menus: A Selective Mechanism for Two user studies uncover the benefits of shared local place Accessing Hierarchical Drop-Down Menus information applications. We also detail privacy preferences in this domain and show how they can be used to positively inform Theophanis Tsandilas, University of Toronto, Canada related system design. m c schraefel, University of Southampton, UK

Introduces a new technique for accelerating selection in NOTE | Show Me the Way to Monte-Carlo: Density- customized views of hierarchical pull-down menus. The new Based Trajectory Navigation technique is evaluated by two user studies. Steven Strachan, Hamilton Institute, Ireland John Williamson, Roderick Murray-Smith, University of PAPER | Command Line or Pretty Lines? Comparing Glasgow, UK Textual and Visual Interfaces for Intrusion Detection Describes a handheld system for actively exploring context Ramona S. Thompson, Esa Rantanen, University of Illinois, densities using inertial sensing, GPS, Monte Carlo sampling, and Urbana-Champaign, USA music feedback, enabling eyes-free navigation along trajectories William Yurcik, National Center for Supercomputing unfamiliar to the user. Applications, USA Brian P. Bailey, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, USA NOTE | MapMover: A Case Study of Design-Oriented Conducted a comparative user study of textual and visual Research into Collective Expression and Constructed interfaces for intrusion detection. Provides insight about strengths and weaknesses of interfaces and guidelines for the Publics design of future interfaces. Carl DiSalvo, Jeff Maki, Carnegie Mellon University, USA Nathan Martin, DeepLocal, Inc, USA

PAPER | Pointing and Beyond: An Operationalization Describes design-oriented research of an interactive system for and Preliminary Evaluation of Multi-Scale Searching collective expression and introduces the concept of constructed publics. This concept can be used to inform design and for Emmanuel Pietriga, Caroline Appert, Michel Beaudouin- analysis in research. Lafon, INRIA & Université Paris-Sud & CNRS INRIA, France

Defines an operationalization of a multi-scale search task. Evaluates four multi-scale navigation techniques on this task and ■ EXPERIENCE REPORTS | Room: A8 reports results showing that overview+detail outperforms the other techniques. Ethnography SESSION CHAIR: Steven R. Haynes, The Pennsylvania State University, USA ■ PAPERS | Room: A4 & A5 How Informances Can Be Used in Design Ethnography Location Aware Systems Ron Wakkary, Poon Madison, Maestri Leah, Kirton Travis, SESSION CHAIR: Dianne Murray, City University, UK Julihn Corey, Betts Ryan, Simon Fraser University, Canada

PAPER | Social Practices in Location-Based Collecting In this paper we discuss how we’ve adapted the technique of informance design for use in design ethnography. We detail Kenton O’Hara, Timothy Kindberg, Hewlett-Packard, USA our design ethnography workflow method and describe our Maxine Glancy, Luciana Baptista, Byju Sukumaran, Gil informances. Kahana, Julie Rowbotham, BBC, UK

The paper presents a user study of a location-based application at London Zoo focusing on collecting and keeping of location- based content in contrast simple in situ consumption of content.

CHI 2007 | San Jose, California, USA | 75 Wednesday | Late Afternoon | 16:30—18:00

Surrogate Users — A Pragmatic Approach to Defining PAPER | CoMedia: Mobile Group Media for Active User Needs Spectatorship

Matthew A. Lievesley, Joyce S. R. Yee, Northumbria Giulio Jacucci, Antti Oulasvirta, Tommi Ilmonen, John University, UK Evans, Antti Salovaara, Helsinki Institute for Information Technology, Finland It is often difficult for practising interaction designers to engage with real end-users because of the competing economic Presents a design for large-scale events that integrates pressures on projects. Preliminary research with end-users awareness features and event information to a media-sharing may be squeezed in favor of more tangible, later-stage project application. Support spectators to interweave their changing deliverables. This case-study paper presents a pragmatic activities inside and outside the system. approach to getting closer to end-users by briefing project stakeholders to think as surrogate-users within managed 90 to 120 minute-long focus groups. It finds that the method described is particularly useful in multi-stakeholder projects and provides ■ COMPETITION | Room: C2 a rich design brief with clear, agreed, user-centred design goals. Student Research Competition SESSION CHAIRS: In-Between Theory and Practice: Dialogues in Kori M. Inkpen, Dalhousie University, Canada Design Research Robert C. Miller, MIT, USA Arianna Bassoli, The London School of Economics and JUDGES: Political Science, UK Robert St. Amant, North Carolina State University, USA Johanna Brewer, University of California, Irvine, USA Michael J. Muller, IBM, USA Karen Martin, University College London, UK Takeo Igarashi, University of Tokyo, Japan Terry Winograd, Stanford University, USA Why Wait? and Betwixt are two of the workshops we have Elizabeth F. Churchill, Yahoo!, USA recently run on the theme of in-between-ness. The approach of Andrew Monk, University of York, UK social computing, where researchers with different background Fabio Paterno, ISTI-CNR, Italy collaborate to understand how the socio-cultural aspects of human Geraldine Fitzpatrick, University of Sussex, UK life relate to the design of new technologies, was the starting Carl Gutwin, University of Saskatchewan, Canada point for our investigation. By observing actual instances of in- Robin Jeffries, Google, USA between-ness in context we explored how design activities can be interpreted as an opportunity to discuss and take positions on a This is the final round of the CHI 2007 Student Research specific theme, and as a space for resolving the tension existing in Competition, in which the student finalists give short talks about design research between theoretical and practical thinking. their research to CHI attendees. A panel of expert judges will evaluate and score both the research and the presentation, and select the winning entries. ■ PAPERS | Room: B1-B4

Social Network Sharing ■ Special Interest Group | C4 SESSION CHAIR: Danyel Fisher, Microsoft, USA Design Community SIG PAPER | Follow the Reader: Filtering Comments Moderators: on Slashdot Jon Kolko, Savannah College of Art and Design, USA Bill Lucas, MAYA Design, USA Cliff Lampe, Erik Johnston, Michigan State University, USA Elizabeth Dykstra-Erickson, ACCESS Systems America, USA Paul Resnick, University of Michigan, USA Sebastiano Bagnara, University of Sassari, Alghero, Italy We show that automated methods for filtering large-scale, online discussions can be derived from the behavior of other users, This SIG will be a forum for reflection, discussion and planning. especially of those who are more likely to change settings. The 2007 Design Community Co-Chairs will talk about their goals, successes and shortcomings. Subsequently, attendees will be encouraged to deliberate matters of Design within academia PAPER | Exploring Patterns of Social Commonality and industry; thereby helping to strategize optimal integration Among File Directories at Work at CHI 2008 and beyond.

John C. Tang, Clemens Drews, Mark Smith, IBM, USA Fei Wu, University of Washington, USA Alison Sue, Tessa Lau, IBM, USA

Examining how users within work organizations store files yields patterns of social practice that can be applied in applications for file backup and restore and social networking.

76 | Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Wednesday Courses

COURSE 28 | Room: A6 COURSE 33 | Room: A6

Ajax — Design and Usability Avoiding “We Can’t Change THAT 9:00—13:00 Either!”: Usability Supporting Architectural Patterns INSTRUCTOR: William Hudson, Syntagm Ltd., UK 16:30—18:00

Benefits: This half-day interactive course breaks new INSTRUCTOR: ground in relating Ajax technology to key principals of Bonnie E. John, Carnegie Mellon University, USA Computer-Human Interaction. Len Bass, Carnegie Mellon University, USA Elspeth Golden, Carnegie Mellon University, USA Intended Audience: Web and intranet designers, information architects, usability, and HCI professionals. No specialist skills or Benefits: Additional usability analyses or user test data are in; knowledge are required. the development team is poised to respond. The software had been carefully modularized so that modifications to the UI can be fast and easy. When the usability problems are presented, someone around the table exclaims, “Oh, no, we can’t change COURSE 32 | Room: A6 THAT, either!” This course builds on an understanding of software architecture and details a method for avoiding “We Avoiding “We Can’t Change THAT!”: can’t change THAT!” through the application of usability- An Introduction to Usability and supporting architectural patterns. Through detailed examples, Software Architecture controlled experiments to validate the value of the method, and personal experience with the construction of real-world 14:30—16:00 systems, we present attendees with the materials necessary to be effective at bringing usability concerns to architecture INSTRUCTORS: design discussions. (An introductory course, Avoiding “We Bonnie E. John, Carnegie Mellon University, USA can’t change THAT!”: An Introduction to Usability and Software Len Bass, Carnegie Mellon University, USA Architecture” prepares attendees with no prior experience in Elspeth Golden, Carnegie Mellon University, USA software architecture to benefit from this course). Participants in this course already understand basic principles of software Benefits: The usability analyses or user test data are in; the architecture for interactive systems. development team is poised to respond. The software had been carefully modularized so that modifications to the UI can Through this course will, they will: be fast and easy. When the usability problems are presented, someone around the table exclaims, “Oh, no, we can’t change • Understand patterns of software architecture that facilitate THAT!” This course will introduce software architecture and usability, the interactions between architecture design decisions and usability requirements that cause “We can’t change that!” at • Be able to recognize architectural decisions that preclude detailed design meetings. We introduce a method for solving this usability of the end product so that they can effectively problem at architecture design time. (An advanced course, We bring usability considerations into early architectural can’t change THAT, either!: Usability-Supporting Architectural design. Patterns, gives details of an approach to solve this problem). Intended Audience: Usability professionals desiring more Intended Audience: Usability professionals desiring more involvement with early software decisions. Software involvement with early software decisions. developers who want to understand the usability implications of architectural decisions. Prior knowledge of software Software developers who want to understand the usability architecture is required. This knowledge can be obtained by implications of architectural decisions. No prior knowledge of attending the introductory course, Avoiding “We can’t change software architecture is needed. THAT!”: An Introduction to Usability and Software Architecture.

CHI 2007 | San Jose, California, USA | 77 Wednesday Courses

COURSE 26 | Room: A7 COURSE 31 | Room: C 3

Faceted Metadata for Information Expert Reviews — for Experts Architecture and Search 9:00—13:00 9:00—13:00 INSTRUCTOR: INSTRUCTORS: Rolf Molich, DialogDesign, Denmark Marti A. Hearst, University of California, Berkeley, USA Benefits: Expert reviews, such as heuristic evaluations and Preston Smalley, eBay, USA other design inspections, are the second most widely used Benefits: The information architecture community has begun to usability method. Nonetheless, they’re often conducted with embrace the use of faceted hierarchical metadata for navigation poor or unsystematic methodology and thus don’t always live and search over information collections (museum images, up to their full potential. This course teaches proven methods product catalogs, digital libraries). Attendees will learn the for conducting and reporting expert reviews of a user interface advantages of and strategies for using faceted metadata for design. integrated browsing and search of large information collections. Intended Audience: Usability professionals who have usability Examples will be drawn both from formal studies and from testing experience and who have conducted some expert results of real-world application, with an emphasis on interface reviews. Although this course is not intended as an introduction design issues. to expert reviews, past participants with no expert review Intended Audience: The intended audience is usability experience have rated it highly. professionals, especially information architects, but will be of interest to search interface researchers as well.

COURSE 29 | Room: C 3

COURSE 27 | Room: A7 How to Build Rich Personas from Field Data Empirical Research Methods for Human 14:30—16:00 Computer Interaction INSTRUCTOR: 14:30—18:00 Karen Holtzblatt, InContext Enterprises, USA INSTRUCTOR: Benefits: Personas have understandably become very popular Scott MacKenzie, York University, Canada in the CHI community. When done properly personas provide Benefits: This course will empower attendees to undertake a powerful tool that communicates our understanding of the a program of empirical research on a topic in HCI relevant to users to the developers and other stakeholders who must build their interests. After attending this tutorial, attendees will have products, systems, marketing messages, and otherwise respond the specific skills necessary for the following: (1) discover and to the needs of their users. This course covers what makes for narrow in on topics suitable for research in HCI, (2) formulate an effective persona, and then provides step-by-step guidance “testable” research questions, (3) design and conduct an on how to better leverage in-depth field data to write personas. experiment to answer the research questions, (4) collect and It explains why personas are a valuable communication tool and analyze empirical data from an experiment, and (5) write a raises the issue that for personas to be truly useful, they must research paper based on the experiment. be derived from field data. This course will both raise the issue for participants and give them a starting skill set they can use to Intended Audience: This course is intended for those who are improve their personas going forward. interested in learning about or refining their skills in empirical research methods in human-computer interaction (HCI). Prior Intended Audience: No specific background is required. knowledge of statistical tests is not required. Although the course focuses on CD models, previous experience with them is not required. It is appropriate for all roles.

78 | Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Wednesday Courses

COURSE 30 | Room: C 3 COURSE 24 | Almaden Ballroom II

Usability Testing: Creating Good Test Understanding Mobile Interaction Tasks Design 16:30—18:00 9:00—13:00 INSTRUCTOR: INSTRUCTOR: Rolf Molich, DialogDesign, Denmark Matt Jones, University of Wales, UK

Benefits: The success of a usability test depends critically on Benefits: The course will give challenging, fresh perspectives the quality of the tasks used in the test. This course will present on the goals of and approaches to mobile interaction design specific guidelines for creating good task sets and for evaluating provide provoking questions about the form and function of the quality of a task set. It will also present common pitfalls in effective mobile user experiences, and offer an interesting task sets and how to avoid them. A large part of the course is analysis to help explain previous hits and flops as well as spent evaluating a sample, non-trivial task set that contains pointing the way for successful future innovation. The design typical problems. methods and perspectives presented will provide useful tools for anyone involved in developing concept and prototype Intended Audience: Beginners and intermediate usability systems. professionals who want to improve their usability test task creation skills based on extensive practical experience. Intended Audience: Developers and designers, industrial and academic researchers, students, mobile business and marketing analysts and strategists.

COURSE 23 | Almaden Ballroom I

Analyzing Qualitative Data from Field COURSE 25 | Almaden Ballroom II Studies Doing Mobile Interaction Design 9:00—18:00 14:30—18:00 INSTRUCTOR: David A. Siegel, Dray & Associates, Inc., USA INSTRUCTORS: Matt Jones, University of Wales, Swansea, UK Benefits: Field studies are essential to user-centered Gary Marsden, University of Cape Town, South Africa design, but the data from these studies can be overwhelming and ambiguous. As a result, conclusions are all too often Benefits: Participants will be exposed to tried-and-tested impressionistic or anecdotal, with vague or even misleading design solutions for key and emerging mobile applications and implications for design. This course will teach you techniques for services. The course will present a set of research pointers. analysis to improve the credibility and validity of your findings, Those working on the topics of information access, image access to keep them focused on design, and to help you avoid drowning and mobile communities will be given insights into the current in your data. However, the course does not focus on techniques and evolving thinking surrounding these application areas. of data gathering in fieldwork, and assumes that people have a The course will also provide insights and inspirations from the basic knowledge of these techniques. research community useful to all attendees.

Intended Audience: This tutorial is intended for practitioners Intended Audience: Developers and designers, industrial and who want to improve the validity and credibility of their field academic researchers, students, mobile business and marketing user research. Ideally, participants will have some experience analysts and strategists. in fieldwork including ethnography, contextual inquiry, or natu- ralistic usability, with a practical focus on any aspect of product definition and design. However, it also will be of interest to people who have a background in more structured forms of user research, such as lab usability, who want to prepare for the less structured world of field research.

CHI 2007 | San Jose, California, USA | 79 Notes

80 | Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Acknowledgements CONTINUED

Contemporary Trends and Experiences Eunkwang Park, Nanyang Technological University, Amanda Williams, University of California, Irvine, USA Reviewers — continued Singapore John Williamson, University of Glasgow, UK Amanda Parkes, MIT, USA Andrew Wilson, Microsoft, USA Ilona Heldal, Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden Kurt Partridge, PARC, USA Claudia Winegarden, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA Sebastian Ho, Philips Design, Hong Kong Fabio Paternò, ISTI-CNR, Italy Hendrik Witt, University of Bremen, Germany Lars Erik Holmquist, Viktoria Institute, Sweden Sameer Patil, University of California, Irvine, USA Christa Womser-Hacker, University of Hildesheim, Kristina Hook, Stockholm University, Sweden Celeste Paul, User-Centered Design, Inc., USA Germany Michael Horn, Tufts University, USA Eric Paulos, Intel, USA Susan Wyche, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA Andrew Howes, University of Manchester, UK Trevor Pering, Intel, USA Peta Wyeth, University of Queensland, Australia John Huntington, NYC College of Technology, USA Mark Perry, Brunel University, UK Yunwen Ye, University of Colorado, USA Ebba Thora Hvannberg, University of Iceland, Iceland Jeffrey Pierce, IBM, USA Ron Yeh, Stanford University, USA Tom Igoe, New York University, USA Claudio Pinhanez, IBM, USA Sam Zheng, Siemens Corporate Research, USA Kori Inkpen, Dalhousie University, Canada Beryl Plimmer, University of Auckland, New Zealand Juergen Ziegler, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany Poika Isokoski, University of Tampere, Finland Thorsten Prante, Fraunhofer IPSI, Germany Mattias Jacobsson, Viktoria Institute, Sweden Yan Qu, University of Maryland, College Park, USA Jhilmil Jain, Hewlett-Packard, USA Chris Quintana, University of Michigan, USA Frankie James, SAP, USA ■ ALT.CHI Reviewers James Reffell, Yahoo!, USA Casey Jones, UCAR, USA Tim Regan, Microsoft, UK Hyungil Ahn, MIT, USA Matt Jones, University of Waikato, New Zealand Holger Regenbrecht, University of Otago, New Zealand Vadim Astakhov, University of California, San Diego, USA Wendy Ju, Stanford University, USA Carol Righi, USA Louise Barkhuus, University of Glasgow, UK Syahrul Junaini, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Malaysia Daniel Robbins, Microsoft, USA Eric Baumer, University of California, Irvine, USA Hesham Kamel, University of California, Berkeley, USA Dave Roberts, IBM, UK Marek Bell, University of Glasgow, UK Hyunmo Kang, Human Computer Interaction Lab, USA Peter Robinson, University of Cambridge, UK Kim Binsted, University of Hawaii, USA Kristiina Karvonen, Helsinki University of Technology, Mary Beth Rosson, The Pennsylvania State University, Rakesh Biswas, Manipal University, Malaysia Finland USA Lorna Brown, Microsoft, UK Irvin Katz, Educational Testing Service, USA Maria Roussou, University College London, Greece Kevin Buffardi, User Centric, USA Joseph Kaye, Cornell University, USA Daniel Rozin, New York University, USA Daniela Busse, SAP, USA Simeon Keates, IBM, USA Daniel Russell, Google, USA Nick Cawthon, University of Sydney, Australia Nicky Kern, Marc Brandis GmbH, Switzerland Cristian Rusu, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Seung Chan Lim, MAYA Design, USA Pekka Ketola, Usability Engineer, Finland Valparaiso, Chile Ed Chi, PARC, USA Sanshzar Kettebekov, Keane Inc, USA Kimiko Ryokai, MIT, USA Gilbert Cockton, University of Sunderland, UK Alex Kim, SCAD, USA Katie Salen, Gamelab, USA Murray Crease, National Research Council, Canada Esin Kiris, AT&T, USA Aleksandra Sarcevic, Rutgers University, USA Amnon Dekel, Hebrew University, Israel Palle Klante, Pixelpark AG, Germany Holger Schnädelbach, Mixed Reality Lab, UK Paul Dourish, University of California, Irvine, USA Gary Klatsky, Oswego, SUNY, USA Jean Scholtz, Pacific Northwest Laboratory,USA Florian ‘Floyd’ Mueller, University of Melbourne, Austrailia Chris Knowles, University of Waikato, New Zealand Till Schümmer, FernUniversität in Hagen, Germany Linda Gallant, Bentley College, USA Andreas Kohl, musarte, Germany Orit Shaer, Tufts University, USA Shirley Gaw, Princeton University, USA Jon Kolko, Savannah College of Art & Design, USA Clay Shirky, Shirky.com, USA Lalya Gaye, Viktoria Institute, Sweden Raffi Krikorian,Synthesis Studios, Inc., USA Hal Shubin, Interaction Design, Inc., USA Saul Greenberg, University of Calgary, Canada Per Ola Kristensson, Linkoping University, Sweden André Silva, State University of Campinas, Brazil Maria Håkansson, Viktoria Institute, Sweden Peter Krogh, Arhus School of Architecture, Denmark Eric Singer, LEMUR, USA Steve Harrison, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and Ernst Kruijff, Graz University of Technology, Austria Grant Skousen, 7i design, USA State University, USA Sri Kurniawan, UMIST, UK Roger Slack, University of Edinburgh, UK Drew Harry, MIT, USA Frank Lantz, ITP NYU, USA David Smith, College of Technology, CUNY, USA Harry Hochheiser, Towson University, USA Eric Lee, RWTH Aachen University, Germany Dana Smith, XPLANE, USA Mahmudul Huq, University of Siegen, Germany Chia-Hsun Lee, MIT, USA Rick Spencer, Microsoft, USA Mattias Jacobsson, Viktoria Institute, Sweden Golan Levin, Carnegie Mellon University, USA Molly Stevens, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA Eva Jettmar, Stanford University, USA Youn-kyung Lim, Indiana University, USA William Jones, University of Washington, USA Daniel Su, The University of Nottingham, Malaysia Thursday James Jeng-Weei Lin, Siemens, USA Sriram Subramanian, University of Saskatchewan, Zayira Jordan, Iowa State University, USA Feng Liu, Mercer University, USA Canada Maria Karam, Ryerson University, Canada Sara Ljungblad, Viktoria Institute, Sweden Bernhard Suhm, Enterprise Integration Group, USA Joseph Kaye, Cornell University, USA Bill Lucas, MAYA Design, USA Martin Svensson, Swedish Institue of Computer Noah Keating, University of Southern California, USA Arnold Lund, Microsoft, USA Science, Sweden Ana Klasnja, Ontario Science Centre, Canada Wendy Mackay, INRIA, France Lucia Terrenghi, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Sara Ljungblad, Viktoria Institute, Sweden Allan MacLean, Image Semantics Ltd, UK Germany Jules Maitland, University of Glasgow, UK Thomas Mandl, Universität Hildesheim, Germany Vello Thomasson, Sweden Anijo Mathew, Mississippi State University, USA Stefan Marti, Samsung, USA Ramayah Thurasamy, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia Takashi Matsumoto, Keio University, Japan Joe McCarthy, Nokia, USA Peter Tolmie, Nottingham University, UK Indrani Medhi, Microsoft, India Michael McCurdy, NASA, USA Bill Tomlinson, University of California, Irvine, USA David Mellis, Copenhagen Institute of Interaction Jane McGonigal, University of California, Berkeley, USA Manfred Tscheligi, University of Salzburg, Austria Design, Denmark Nadyne Mielke, Microsoft, USA Susan Turner, Napier University, UK Sonia Modeo, CSP scarl, Italy M. Milano, USA Shawn Van Every, IPT NYU, USA Patricia Mourthe, IxDA, AIGA, USA Scott Minneman, Onomy Labs, Inc., USA Nancy Van House, University of California, Berkeley, USA Bill Papantuniou, National Technical University of Jaime Montemayor, The John Hopkins University, USA Charles VanderMast, Delft University of Technology, Athens, Greece Katherine Moriwaki, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland the Netherlands Nigel Papworth, Interactive Studio, USA Scooter Morris, University of California, San Francisco, Ravi Vatrapu, University of Hawaii, Manoa, USA Jinsuk Park, MIT, USA USA Catherine Vaucelle, MIT, USA Mark Perry, Brunei University, USA Emile Morse, National Institute of Standards & Colin Venters, University of Manchester, UK Saverio Perugini, University of Dayton, USA Technology, USA Bill Verplank, Stanford University, USA Jennifer Rode, University of California, Irvine, USA Florian Mueller, CSIRO, Australia Roel Vertegaal, Queen’s University, Canada Mattias Rost, Viktoria Institute & IT University of Elizabeth (Betty) Murphy, United States Census Bureau, Daniel Wagner, Graz University of Technology, Austria Göteborg, Sweden USA Ron Wakkary, Simon Fraser University, Canada Martin Schedlbauer, University of Massachusetts, Bilge Mutlu, Carnegie Mellon University, USA Kevin Walker, Institute of Education, UK Lowell, USA Michael Olson, New York University, USA Michael Wallick, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA Scott Sherwood, University of Glasgow, UK Sile O’Modhrain, Queen’s University, UK Shuo Wang, Microsoft, China Mark Smith, TruePosition, Inc., USA Chris O’Shea, UK Nigel Ward, University of Texas, El Paso, USA Aaron Spaulding, SRI International, USA Dan O’Sullivan, ITP NYU, USA Martin Wetterstrand, Århus University, Denmark Mark Stringer, University of Sussex, UK Volker Paelke, University of Hannover, Germany Alan Wexelblat, Charles River Associates, USA Peter Svensson, Mashupstation, Sweden Despina Papadoupolos, Studio 5050, USA Daniel Wigdor, University of Toronto, Canada Anna Swartling, KTH, Sweden Hiroya Tanaka, Keio University, Japan

CONTINUES ON BACK Acknowledgements CONTINUED

alt.chi Reviewers – continued Jan Chong, Stanford University, USA Danny Ho, University of Maryland, USA Konstantinos Chorianopoulos, Bauhaus University of Laurian Hobby, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State Alex Taylor, Microsoft, UK Weimar, Germany University, USA Jenn Thom-Santelli, Cornell University, USA Georgios Christou, Cyprus College, Cyprus Harry Hochheiser, Towson University, USA Ravi Vatrapu, University of Hawaii, Manoa, USA Yu Shan Chuang, Yahoo!, USA Hans-Jürgen Hoffmann, Darmstadt University of Ljiljana Vukelja, University of Applied Science, Elizabeth Churchill, PARC, USA Technology, Germany Switzerland Lillian Clark, University of York, UK Paul Holleis, University of Munich, Germany Wouter Walmink, CSIRO, Australia James Clawson, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA Michael Horn, Tufts University, USA Junji Watanabe, Japan Science & Technology Agency, Gilbert Cockton, University of Sunderland, UK Dan Horn, United States Army Research Institute, USA Japan Michael Coen, MIT, USA Md. Altab Hossain, Saitama University, Japan Aaron Zinman, MIT, USA Nathalie Colineau, CSIRO, Australia Jiang Hu, Stanford University, USA Eric Cook, University of Michigan, USA Dugald Hutchings, Bowling Green State University, USA ■ Work In Progress Reviewers Maria Francesca Costabile, University of Bari, Italy Takeo Igarashi, The University of Tokyo, Japan Markus Ablassmeier, Institute for Human-Machine Tim Coughlan, University of Bath, UK Kori Inkpen, Dalhousie University, Canada Communication, Germany Nadine Couture, LIPSI-ESTIA, France Poika Isokoski, University of Tampere, Finland Wael Aboelsaadat, University of Toronto, Canada Murray Crease, NRC Institute for Information Jhilmil Jain, Hewlett-Packard, USA Piotr Adamczyk, University of Illinois, Urbana- Technology, Canada Monique Janneck, University of Hamburg, Germany Champaign, USA James Cunningham, AT&T, USA Bernard Jansen, The Pennsylvania State University, USA Matt Adcock, MIT, USA Shiraz Cupala, Autonomy Systems, LLC, USA Clinton Jeffery, University of Idaho, USA Bipin b Agravat, Media lab Asia, India Raimund Dachselt, Dresden University of Technology, Eva Jettmar, Stanford University, Austria David Akers, Stanford University, USA Germany Qun Jin, Waseda University, Japan Ken Anderson, Intel, USA Brinda Dalal, PARC, USA Casey Jones, UCAR, USA Richard Anderson, Riander, USA Scott Davidoff, Carnegie Mellon University, USA Eser Kandogan, IBM, USA Trent Apted, University of Sydney, Australia Janet Davis, Grinnell College, USA Karin Kappel, Vienna University of Technology, Austria Jonathan Arnowitz, SAP, USA Jason Day, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA Kristiina Karvonen, Helsinki University of Technology, Anne Aula, Tampere University of Techonlogy, Finland Marco de Sá, University of Lisbon, Portugal Finland Daniel Avrahami, Carnegie Mellon University, USA Anind Dey, Carnegie Mellon University, USA Julie Kientz, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA Tamara Babaian, Bentley College, USA Silke Dr. Lang, ETH Zurich, Switzerland Yosuke Kinoe, Hosei University, Sweden Paula Bach, The Pennsylvania State University, USA Offer Drori, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel Esin Kiris, AT&T, USA Robert Ball, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State Carlos Duarte, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal Chris Knowles, University of Waikato, New Zealand University, USA Geoffrey Duggan, University of Manchester, UK Andrew Ko, Carnegie Mellon University, USA Louise Barkhuus, University of Glasgow, UK Elizabeth Dykstra-Erickson, Kinoma, Inc., USA Michael Koch, Technische Universitaet Muenchen, Tiffany Barnes, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, Kate Ehrlich, IBM, USA Germany USA Niklas Elmqvist, INRIA Futurs, France Andreas Kohl, musarte, Germany Paulo Barthelmess, Oregon Health & Science David England, Liverpool John Moores University, UK Thomas Költringer, Vienna University of Technology, University, USA Thomas Erickson, IBM, USA Austria Patrick Baudisch, Microsoft, USA Bernd Ewert, PayPal, USA Hannu Korhonen, Nokia, Finland Aaron Bauer, Carnegie Mellon University, USA Robert Farrell, IBM, USA Matthias Kranz, University of Munich, Germany Martin Beer, Sheffield Hallam University,UK Robert Fish, Panasonic Technologies, USA Christian Kray, Newcastle University, UK Wolfgang Beinhauer, Fraunhofer Institute for Industrial Geraldine Fitzpatrick, University of Sussex, UK Per Ola Kristensson, Linkoping University, Sweden Engineering, Germany Brooke Foucault, Northwestern University, USA Ernst Kruijff, Graz University of Technology, Austria emily bennett, University of Portsmouth, UK Jean Fox, United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, USA Manu Kumar, Stanford University, USA David Benyon, Napier University, UK Katrin Franke, Fraunhofer IPK, Germany Andreas Kunz, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Andrea Berman, Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation, USA Scott Frees, Ramapo College of New Jersey, USA Zurich, Switzerland Regina Bernhaupt, Salzburg University, Austria Leo Frishberg, Tektronix, Inc., USA Brian Landry, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA Michael Bernstein, MIT, USA Jon Froehlich, University of Washington, USA Rosa Lanzilotti, University of Bari, Italy Anastasia Bezerianos, University of Toronto, Canada Bernd Froehlich, Bauhaus-Universität Weimar, Germany Shaun Lawson, University of Lincoln, UK Jeremy Birnholtz, University of Toronto, Canada Areti Galani, University of Glasgow, UK Eric Lee, RWTH Aachen University, Germany Wolf-Gideon Bleek, University of Hamburg, Germany Franca Garzotto, HOC-Politecnico di Milano, Italy Will Lee, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State Mark Blythe, University of York, UK Francine Gemperle, MAYA Design, USA University, USA Deirdre Bonini, Yuseo, France Werner Geyer, IBM, USA Alpha Lee, Auckland University of Technology, New Dominic Bouwhuis, University of Technology Eindhoven, Gloria Gomez, Swinburne University of Technology, Zealand the Netherlands Australia Jason Lee, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State Stephen Boyd Davis, Middlesex University, UK Victor Gonzalez, University of Manchester, UK University, USA Kelly Braun, PayPal, USA Dorian Gorgan, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Gilly Leshed, Cornell University, USA Christina Brodersen, University of Aarhus, Denmark Romania Sandro Leuchter, Fraunhofer Institute for Information Lorna Brown, Microsoft, UK Ben Gross, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, USA and Data Processing (IITB), Karlsruhe, Germany A. J. Brush, Microsoft, USA Joshua Gross, The Pennsylvania State University, USA Rock Leung, University of British Columbia, Canada Mike Brzozowski, Hewlett-Packard, USA Stefan Grünvogel, Cologne University of Applied Tobias Ley, Know-Center, Austria Sam Bucolo, Australasian CRC for Interaction Design, Sciences, Germany Pamela Ludford, University of Minnesota, USA Australia Agnes Guerraz, INRIA, France Christopher Lueg, University of Tasmania, Australia Stephanie Buisine, LCPI-ENSAM, France Anuj Gujar, DARTdevices Corporation, USA Arnold Lund, Microsoft, USA Daniela Busse, SAP, USA Michelle Gumbrecht, Stanford University, USA Kris Luyten, Limburgs Universitair Centrum, Belgium Kirsten Butcher, University of Pittsburgh, USA Priyanka Gupta, Auburn University, USA Leilah Lyons, University of Michigan, USA Andreas Butz, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Carl Gutwin, University of Saskatchewan, Canada Allan MacLean, Image Semantics Ltd, UK Germany Eben Haber, IBM, USA Sascha Mahlke, Berlin University of Technology, Germany Licia Calvi, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium Michael Haller, Upper Austria University of Applied Alessio Malizia, University “La Sapienza” of Rome, Italy Jose Campos, Universidade do Minho, Portugal Sciences, Austria Nikos Manouselis, Agricultural University of Athens, Stefan Carmien, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA John Halloran, Coventry University, UK Greece Luis Carriço, University of Lisbon, Portugal Martin Halvey, University College Dublin, Ireland Stefan Marti, Samsung, USA Anxo Cereijo Roibas, University of Brighton, UK Tracy Hammond, Texas A&M University, USA Goran Martinovic, J.J. Strossmayer University of Angela Chang, MIT, USA Gillian Hayes, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA Osijek, Croatia Olivier Chapuis, Laboratoire de Recherche en William Hazlewood, Indiana University, Bloomington, USA Adrienne Massanari, University of Washington, USA Informatique, France Daryl Hepting, University of Regina, Canada Anijo Mathew, Mississippi State University, USA Andrew Chase, Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Inst., Shlomo Hershkop, Columbia University, USA Agnieszka Matysiak Szostek, University of Technology USA Otmar Hilliges, University of Munich, Germany Eindhoven, the Netherlands Arijit Chatterjee, Vishwakarma Institute of Technology, Mark Hindmarch, University of Central England, Graham McAllister, Queen’s University Belfast, UK India Birmingham, UK Scott McCrickard, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and Mario Chiesa, Istituto Superiore Mario Boella, Italy Sebastian Ho, Philips Design, Hong Kong State University, USA

CONTINUES NEXT TAB THURSDAY May 3, 2007 | Thursday

8:30 9:00—10:30 11:30—13:00 14:30—16:00 16:30—18:00

Interactive Session Social Impact Award Talk Closing Plenary Recommendations on Gregory D. Abowd Niti Bhan CIVIC Recommendations Using Computing Technologies to The Mobile as a Post Industrial Page 82 Face the Challenges of Autism Platform for Socio-Economic AUDITORIUM 82 Page 86 Development Page 92 CHIMADNESS Page

Papers Papers Papers  Color/Blind Room Augmentation, Automation, & Agents Usability Evaluation Page 82 Page 86 Page 89 A1

Papers Papers Papers Social Influence Room Distributed Coordination Programming By & With End-Users Page 89 A2 Page 82 Page 86

Papers Papers Papers Room Usability Trust & Engagement Learning A3 Page 83 Page 87 Page 90

Papers Papers SIG Room Kids & Family Models of Mobile Interaction UXD Business Models A4 & A5 Page 83 Page 87 Page 90

Experience Reports Experience Reports SIG Room Management Research-ish Technologies for Autism A8 Page 84 Page 87 Page 90

Papers Interactive Session Interactive Session Alternative Interaction Room The I in CHI Toward a Less WIMPy Web Page 84 Page 88 B1 – B4 Page 90

SIG Interactive Session ALT.CHI Room Current Issues in Assessing & User Interface Description Ideas Lab: Inspirations, Innovations, Improving Information Usability C2 Languages: XUL & XAML and Insights Page 84 Page 88 Page 90

SIG SIG SIG Room Evaluating Experience-Focused HCI Education Community SIG Usability Community SIG Page 85 Page 88 Page 91 C4

Course 39 Course 40 Room Advanced Data Collection & Analysis Tools for HCI Research & Ensuring the Usability of Systems Usability Testing that Adapt to Their Users A6 Page 93 Page 93

Course 41 Course 42 Course 38 Room Keeping the Web in Web 2.0: An Keeping the Web in Web 2.0: An Usability Testing: Usable HCI Approach to Designing Web HCI Approach to Designing Web Communication Techniques A7 Applications (1/2) Applications (2/2) Page 94 Page 93 Page 93

Course 37 Room The Top 5 Universal Design Problems & Ways to Solve Them C3 Page 94

Course 34 Almaden The Persona Lifecycle Page 94 Ballroom I

Course 35 Course 36 Almaden Principles of Interaction Design Interaction Design Studio Page 94 Page 95 Ballroom II

= 15 minutes = 30 minutes = unscheduled time

COMMONS SPECIAL EVENTS Exhibits, Interactivity, & Info Booth Spotlight on Work-in-Progress Anniversary Party 10:30—14:30 Posters (People’s Choice) 18:00—19:00 10:30—11:30 Concourse Concourse

CHI 2007 | San Jose, California, USA | 81 Thursday | Morning | 9:00—10:30

■ CHI MADNESS | Civic Auditorium Experience report | Exploring Augmented Live Video Streams for Remote Participation 8:30—9:00 Michael Wittkämper, Irma Lindt, Wolfgang Broll, Jan SESSION CHAIRS: Ohlenburg, Jan Herling, Fraunhofer FIT, Germany Patrick Baudisch, Microsoft, USA Sabiha Ghellal, Sony NetServices GmbH, Germany Gonzalo Ramos, University of Toronto, Canada Augmented video streams present information in the spatial CHI’s 30 second Madness, which premiered in Montréal, returns to context of a physical environment. In contrast to Augmented give everyone a lightning speed overview of the days program. Reality, they do not require special equipment, they are scalable to support many users, and their usage is location-independent. In this paper we are exploring the potentials of augmented ■ INTERACTIVE SESSION | Civic Auditorium video streams for remote participation. We present our design considerations for the remote participation user interfaces, Recommendations on Recommendations describe briefly the realization, and explain the design of three different application scenarios: spectating a pervasive game, MODERATORS: observing the quality of a production process, and exploring Rolf Molich, DialogDesign, Denmark interactive science exhibits. The paper also discusses our Kasper Hornbæk, University of Copenhagen, Denmark findings on how a good augmented video stream quality can Josephine Scott, TechSmith Corporation, USA be achieved and which information and control possibilities are This interactive session discusses the quality of required to achieve a viable remote participation interface. recommendations for improving a user interface resulting from a usability evaluation. Problems with the quality of PAPER | recommendations include recommendations that are not Can Customization Affect User Perception actionable, ones that developers are likely to misunderstand, of and Performance with Embodied Conversational and ones that may not improve the overall usability of the Agents? application. The session will discuss characteristics for useful Jun Xiao, John Stasko, Richard Catrambone, Georgia and usable recommendations, that is recommendations for Institute of Technology, USA solving usability problems that lead to changes that efficiently improve the usability of a product. To make the session as Shows that allowing users to customize ECA interfaces leads to useful as possible we have deliberately left 2–3 seats open for significant improvement in subjective impressions of the ECAs people with demonstrated abilities in writing useful and usable and objective task performance, thus enabling more effective recommendations. We intend to fill these seats through a pre- and affective ECA applications. conference competition.

■ PAPERS | Room: A2 ■ PAPERS | Room: A1 Distributed Coordination Augmentation, Automation, & Agents SESSION CHAIR: John C. Tang, IBM, USA SESSION CHAIR: Alan Blackwell, Cambridge University, UK PAPER | Seconds Matter: Improving Distributed PAPER | Demonstrating the Viability of Automatically Coordination by Tracking and Visualizing Display Generated User Interfaces Trajectories

Jeffrey Nichols, IBM, USA Mike Fraser, Michael R. McCarthy, Muneeb Shaukat, Phillip Duen Horng Chau, Brad A. Myers, Carnegie Mellon University, USA Smith, University of Bristol, UK

We present the first usability studies showing that automatically Describes a system that tracks pen movements around displays. generated user interfaces can be superior to human-designed Demonstrates that visualizing these movements improves interfaces and enable additional benefits not practical to provide groupware coordination by significantly reducing turn-taking in human-designed interfaces. response time.

82 | Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 9:00—10:30 | Morning | Thursday

PAPER | FASTDash: A Visual Dashboard for Fostering Experience report | Heuristic Evaluations at Bell Awareness in Software Teams Labs: Analyses of Evaluator Overlap and Group Session

Jacob T. Biehl, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign & Cheryl Coyle, Bell Laboratories, USA Microsoft, USA Rebecca Iden, Clemson University, USA Mary Czerwinski, Greg Smith, George G. Robertson, Xerxes Kotval, Paulo Santos, Heather Vaughn, Bell Microsoft, USA Laboratories, USA

We present a new visualization designed to improve group In this paper we are exploring the potentials of augmented activity awareness within software development teams. Field video streams for remote participation. We present our design study results show improved awareness, reduced reliance on considerations for the remote participation user interfaces, shared artifacts, and increased project-based communication. describe briefly the realization, and explain the design of three different application scenarios: spectating a pervasive game, observing the quality of a production process, and exploring PAPER | A Study of Emergency Response Work: interactive science exhibits. Patterns of Mobile Phone Interaction

Jonas Landgren, Urban Nulden, Viktoria Institute, Sweden ■ PAPERS | Room: A4 & A5 Ethnographic accounts of the role of mobile phones in time- critical organizing. Inspiration for designers of systems and Kids & Family applications for time-critical settings. SESSION CHAIR: John Zimmerman, Carnegie Mellon University, USA

■ PAPERS | Room: A3 PAPER | Grow and Know: Understanding Record-Keeping Needs for Tracking the Development of Young Children Usability Julie A. Kientz, Rosa I. Arriaga, Marshini Chetty, Gillian R. SESSION CHAIR: Dennis Wixon, Microsoft, USA Hayes, Jahmeilah Richardson, Shwetak N. Patel, Gregory D. Abowd, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA PAPER | ExperiScope: An Analysis Tool for Interaction Data Describes a qualitative study exploring record-keeping for young children to help detect developmental delay. Confirms Francois Guimbretiere, Morgan Dixon, University of Maryland, USA assumptions about rationales and functions for design. Identifies Ken Hinckley, Microsoft, USA unique themes, potential prototypes, and design guidelines. Our tool simplifies the analysis of data collected during empirical evaluations. It helps experimenters rapidly identify the most PAPER | Sharing Motion Information with Close Family common pattern or use and easily compare them. and Friends

Frank Bentley, Crysta Metcalf, Motorola Labs, USA NOTE | Context & Usability Testing: User-Modeled Information Presentation in Easy and Difficult Driving Describes how people in close relationships can infer rich Conditions contextual information from an ambiguous source with minimal privacy concerns. Benefits those creating mobile Jiang Hu, Stanford University, USA context-aware applications. Andi Winterboer, University of Edinburgh, UK Clifford I. Nass, Stanford University, USA Johanna D. Moore, University of Edinburgh, UK NOTE | Comicboarding: Using Comics as Proxies for Rebecca Illowsky, Stanford University, USA Participatory Design with Children

We demonstrate that user modeling plus search & refine is better Neema Moraveji, Microsoft, China than search & refine only for in-car information presentation in Jason Li, Brown University, USA easy driving conditions, but worse in difficult conditions. Jiarong Ding, University of Michigan, USA Patrick O’Kelley, Suze Woolf, Microsoft, USA

NOTE | Tracking the Interaction of Users with AJAX Introduces a participatory design method for use with children Applications for Usability Testing that scaffolds the idea generation process by using comics. Describes the theory and utility of applying comics to design. Richard Atterer, University of Munich, Germany Albrecht Schmidt, Fraunhofer IAIS & University of Bonn, Germany

Our tool offers detailed user interaction logging for AJAX web applications. As users do not have to install software, they are more likely to participate in remote usability tests.

CHI 2007 | San Jose, California, USA | 83 Thursday | Morning | 9:00—10:30

■ EXPERIENCE REPORTS | Room: A8 ■ PAPERS | Room: B1–B4

Management Alternative Interaction SESSION CHAIR: Jeremy Ashley, Oracle, USA SESSION CHAIR: Michel Beaudouin-Lafon, Université Paris- Sud, France The Internal Consultancy Model for Strategic UXD Relevance PAPER | Pressure Marks

James Nieters, Subbarao Ivaturi, Cisco, USA Gonzalo Ramos, Ravin Balakrishnan, University of Toronto, Garett Dworman, TecEd, USA Canada

Experts in the field of HCI have spoken at length about how Presents design and evaluation of pressure marks — pen strokes to increase the strategic influence of User Experience Design where pressure variation enables simultaneous selection and (UXD) teams in industry. Some have offered courses in HCI action specification. Designs can enable more fluid and faster management , while others have presented recommendations pen-based interaction. on how to prove a return on investment for usability-related activities. The Cisco UXD Group evolved through several funding and organizational models (central funding, client-funding, PAPER | Augmenting the Mouse with Pressure distributed teams), and now follows an internal consultancy Sensitive Input model. This paper describes the experiences that led to this model and how it has helped increase the strategic influence of Jared Cechanowicz, University of Saskatchewan, Canada UXD within Cisco. Pourang Irani, University of Manitoba, Canada Sriram Subramanian, University of Saskatchewan, Canada

Systematically investigate the design space of uni-pressure and Fast-Tracking Product Innovation dual-pressure augmented mouse and recommends effective Daniela Busse, SAP, USA sensor locations, pressure selection mechanisms and pressure control strategies. This paper describes the coming-of-age of an analytical application that was built using agile development processes, tightly interlinked with an iterative user experience PAPER | earPod: Eyes-Free Menu Selection Using Touch methodology, but at times at odds with the legacy of more Input and Reactive Audio Feedback rigid development methods such as prescriptive pattern-based design and strictly separated core disciplines. We pioneered Shengdong Zhao, Pierre Dragicevic, Mark Chignell, Ravin a variety of ways to deal with these challenges, most of which Balakrishnan, University of Toronto, Canada focused on empowering the User Experience discipline in Patrick Baudisch, Microsoft, USA decision-making processes, development impact, and in leading Presents design and evaluation of SonicGlide, an eyes-free menu the product definition overall. This ensured that innovative technique using touch input and auditory feedback. Results forces were least constrained while fast-tracking this product, indicate that SonicGlide is a promising technique comparable in while still achieving effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction performance to visual menus. of the application’s user experience, as evidenced in a series of usability evaluations.

■ special interest group | Room: C2 User-Centered Design Gymkhana Current Issues in Assessing and Muriel Garreta-Domingo, Magí Almirall-Hill, Enric Mor, Open Improving Information Usability University of Catalonia, Spain Moderators: The user-centered design (UCD) Gymkhana is a tool for human- Stephanie Rosenbaum, Tec-Ed, Inc., USA computer interaction practitioners to demonstrate through Judith Ramey, University of Washington, USA a game the key UCD methods and how they interrelate in the design process. The target audiences are other organizational This SIG is an annual forum on human factors of information departments unfamiliar with UCD but whose work is related to design, in which we discuss issues selected by the group the definition, creation, and update of a product or service. from the facilitators’ list of topics, augmented by attendees’ suggestions.

84 | Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 9:00—10:30 | Morning | Thursday

■ special interest group | Room: C4

Evaluating Experience-focused HCI Moderators: Joseph ‘Jofish’ Kaye, Kirsten Boehner, Cornell University, USA Jarmo Laaksolahti, Anna Ståhl, Swedish Institute of Computer Science, Sweden

In this SIG, participants who are interested in designing, building or currently evaluating experience-focused projects will discuss ways to do so. This SIG is intended to appeal to a broad cross section of the CHI community, ranging from practitioners and developers to computer and social scientists.

CHI 2007 | San Jose, California, USA | 85 Thursday | Mid-Morning | 11:30—13:00

■ AWARD TALK | Civic Auditorium PAPER | TouchStone: Exploratory Design of Experiments Social Impact Award Talk: Gregory D. Abowd Wendy E. Mackay, INRIA, France Caroline Appert, Michel Beaudouin-Lafon, Université Paris- SESSION CHAIR: Julie A. Jacko, Georgia Institute of Sud, France Technology, USA Olivier Chapuis, CNRS, France Yang Zhou Du, Université Paris-Sud, France Using Computing Technologies to Face the Challenges Jean-Daniel Fekete, INRIA, France of Autism Yves Guiard, CNRS, France

Gregory D. Abowd, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA Presents and evaluates an on-line, open source platform for designing, running, and analyzing controlled experiments that In the Fall of 1999, my wife and I learned that our son, Aidan, age compare interaction techniques. Encourages replication and 2, had been diagnosed with autism. In the summer of 2003, our extension of previous research. second son, Blaise, was also diagnosed with autism, at the age of 3. The CDC estimates that the incidence of autism in the U.S. is 1 in 166, so my wife and I are not alone in having to come to grips with the everyday struggles of this perplexing neurological ■ PAPERS | Room: A2 developmental disability. Since I prescribe to the research philosophy of “scratching your own itch,” it is no surprise Programming By & With End-Users that I have looked for ways to have my research in ubiquitous SESSION CHAIR: Les Nelson, PARC, USA computing address the challenges of those impacted by autism. My goal is not to use technology to “cure” autism, but to have it PAPER | Making Mashups with Marmite: Towards End- play a vital role in increasing our understanding of that unique User Programming for the Web human condition and to have it ease the everyday struggles for those who deal with it. In this talk, I will give an overview of my Jeffrey Wong, Jason I. Hong, Carnegie Mellon University, USA group’s research trajectory, reflecting the efforts of a growing community of researchers who are using this real-world health Describes a design for an end-user programming system that challenge to drive a human-centered research agenda. I will allows users to create mashups out of web services and data summarize four years of research and give a glimpse of what I found on the web without doing any programming. think are the important challenges for the next four years, and why I think technologists are an important part of the solution. PAPER | VIO: A Mixed-Initiative Approach to Learning and Automating Procedural Update Tasks

■ PAPERS | Room: A1 John Zimmerman, Anthony Tomasic, Isaac Simmons, Ian Hargraves, Ken Mohnkern, Jason Cornwell, Robert McGuire, Usability Evaluation Carnegie Mellon University, USA

SESSION CHAIR: Robin Jeffries, Google, USA This paper contributes a novel human-agent interaction design that allows agents with little training to reduce task completion PAPER | What Happened to Remote Usability Testing? time. It benefits society by reducing mundane office work. An Empirical Study of Three Methods

Morten Sieker Andreasen, Systematic A/S, Denmark PAPER | Storytelling Alice Motivates Middle School Henrik Villemann Nielsen, Aalborg University, Denmark Girls to Learn Computer Programming Simon Ormholt Schroder, Danske Bank Group, Denmark Jan Stage, Aalborg University, Denmark Caitlin Kelleher, Randy Pausch, Sara Kiesler, Carnegie Mellon University, USA The paper presents results from a systematic comparison of synchronous and asynchronous remote usability testing In a study comparing middle school girls’ experiences using methods. The results show that these methods are a relevant Storytelling Alice and Generic Alice, we found that both systems alternative to conventional usability testing. are equally educational but Storytelling Alice is more motivating.

PAPER | Usability Testing: What Have We Overlooked?

Gitte G. Lindgaard, Carleton University, Canada Jarinee J. Chattratichart, Kingston University London, UK

This paper benefits practitioners most. Evidence provided will likely end the debate about sample size and instigate much research into the role of user tasks on improving usability test results.

86 | Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 11:30—13:00 | Mid-Morning | Thursday

■ PAPERS | Room: A3 PAPER | Keystroke-Level Model for Advanced Mobile Phone Interaction Trust & Engagement Paul Holleis, Friederike Otto, Heinrich Hussmann, University SESSION CHAIR: Terry Winograd, Stanford University, USA of Munich, Germany Albrecht Schmidt, Fraunhofer IASI, & University of Bonn, PAPER | MultiView: Improving Trust in Group Video Germany Conferencing Through Spatial Faithfulness Extends and updates the Keystroke-Level Model to advanced David Nguyen, John Canny, University of California, Berkeley, USA mobile phone interactions. Gives application designers and implementers a means to estimate user performance of designs Experimentally compares trust formation in video conferencing and design alternatives before implementing them. systems with face-to-face communication. Offers insight on remote collaboration by expanding understanding of the effect of spatial faithfulness on trust formation. PAPER | An Extended Keystroke Level Model (KLM) for Predicting the Visual Demand of In-Vehicle Information Systems PAPER | Presence and Engagement in an Interactive Drama Michael Pettitt, Gary Burnett, University of Nottingham, UK Alan Stevens, TRL, UK Steven Dow, Manish Mehta, Ellie Harmon, Blair MacIntyre, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA Describes an extended keystroke level model (KLM) for Michael Mateas, University of California, Santa Cruz, USA evaluating the visual demand of in-vehicle user interfaces. Intends to assist designers of in-car interfaces in early stages Presents a qualitative study of three different interfaces to the of design. interactive drama, Façade. Shows that immersive technologies may lead to presence, but do not necessarily lead to more engaging play. ■ EXPERIENCE REPORTS | Room: A8

PAPER | Engaging Constable: Revealing Art Through Research-ish New Technologies SESSION CHAIR: Erik Stolterman, Indiana University, USA

Dirk vom Lehn, Jon Hindmarsh, Paul Luff, Christian Heath, Toward Systematic Research of Multimodal Interfaces King’s College London, UK of Non-Desktop Work Scenarios Examines the deployment of touch-screen and gesture Victoria Carlsson, Bernt Schiele, TU Darmstadt, Germany interfaces in an art exhibition and indicates how detailed ethnographic/video-based studies may inform the design and Non-desktop workplaces often generate challenging deployment of novel interfaces in museums. multitasking situations for a user attempting to interact with supporting technology. Multimodal applications promise great advantages in this type of context. However, current ■ PAPERS | Room: A4 & A5 research does not provide enough knowledge for the ergonomic optimization of multimodal interfaces. This paper discusses a Models of Mobile Interaction possible strategy for advancing towards systematic research, and describes a preliminary experiment attempting to evaluate a SESSION CHAIR: Robert St. Amant, North Carolina State real scenario using this strategy. University, USA

PAPER | Modeling Human Performance of Pen Stroke Thinking But Not Seeing: Think-Aloud for Gestures Non-Sighted Users

Xiang Cao, University of Toronto, Canada Philip Strain, Queens University, Belfast, UK Shumin Zhai, IBM, USA A. Dawn Shaikh, Wichita State University, USA Richard Boardman, Google, USA The paper constructs and tests elemental and total models of pen stroke gesture articulation. The models and empirical This paper discusses some of the methodological challenges findings can support research, design, and evaluation of pen that can be encountered when usability testing with visually gesture interfaces. impaired users. These include (1) the need for customized test environments, (2) the potential for audio interference between screen reader output and the moderator to participant dialogue, and (3) the difficulty for observers inexperienced in accessibility technology. In this paper we outline several techniques for dealing with these challenges, including some variations on traditional think-aloud techniques that are useful when a usability participant is using a screen reader.

CHI 2007 | San Jose, California, USA | 87 Thursday | Mid-Morning | 11:30—13:00

Designing Software for Consumers to Easily Set Up a ■ Interactive SESSION | Room: C2 Secure Home Network User Interface Description Languages: Brenton Elmore, Cisco-Linksys, LLC, USA XUL & XAML Subbarao Ivaturi, Cisco Systems, Inc., USA Stuart Hamilton, Cisco-Linksys, LLC, USA MODERATOR: John ‘Scooter’ Morris, University of California, San Francisco, USA Home networking continues to expand into a collection of Panelists: computers and networked devices that are becoming more Scott Stanfield, Vertigo Software, USA complex to setup and manage. A central design theme Mark Finkle, Mozilla Corporation, USA influenced the software solution: If a networking expert was advising a user on how to set up, configure, and secure a home XML-based user interface description languages are now in wide network, what would this person tell the user to do? Results deployment: Adobe’s Flex provides an XML-based language indicated animations, good default settings, and a network map (MXML); Microsoft has released WPF, which supports XAML; increased the user success rate for network setup. and Mozilla’s Firefox (and other products) supports XUL. These languages (as well as UIML and UsiXML) all share common characteristics: they are XML-based, they can be used to Early Research Strategies in Context: Adobe specify a user interface, and they can be “compiled” into a user Photoshop Lightroom interface that only requires some form of “glue” code to link elements and provide behaviors that are dependent on other Grace Kim, Adobe Systems, USA elements. These languages provide HCI professionals with In January of 2006, Adobe Systems introduced the public beta an opportunity to prototype user interfaces and hand those of Lightroom, a digital imaging solution designed specifically prototypes off to be directly integrated into the functioning for professional photographers and serious amateurs that system. This provides a cleaner separation of concerns, but offers a modular, task-based environment that flexibly supports also allows the interaction designer/engineer to become a a complete photography workflow. This paper describes two more integral part of the iterations in the development cycle. foundation-setting research strategies pursued during the early This invited session will feature presentations by experts on concept and definition phases of Lightroom To emphasize the XAML and XUL. Each presenter will outline their language and context in which specific research approaches were crafted where that language is used, focusing on the strengths and rather than simply executed, the term research strategies is weaknesses of their environment. Then each presenter will build used in favor of research methods. a “toy” user interface that will be provided to them in advance using their respective languages. The session will end with a brief opportunity for each presenter to extol the virtues of their approach and significant time for audience Q&A. ■ Interactive SESSION | Room: B1–B4

The I in CHI ■ special interest group | Room: C4 MODERATORS: Lars Erik Holmquist, Swedish Institute of Computer Science, Education Community SIG Sweden Tom Igoe, ITP, NYU, USA Moderators: Charles van der Mast, Delft University of Technology, the Panelists: Netherlands Patrick Baudisch, Microsoft, USA Scott Berkun, Scott Berkun Consulting, USA Elizabeth Goodman, University of California, Berkeley, USA Alan Dix, Lancaster University, UK Florian ‘Floyd’ Mueller, The University of Melbourne, Australia Stefano Levialdi, University of Rome, Sapienza, Italy Michael Naimark, University of Southern California, USA Phoebe Sengers, Cornell University, USA For a few years several public databases have opened with Ben Shneiderman, University of Maryland, USA online material for undergraduate, and graduate education in Human-Centered Computing, Human-Computer Interaction, Members of the CHI Interactivity jury and other experts discuss and related areas. The list of databases will be shared. Who are this year’s interactive demonstrations. The panel will be an using these databases? What kind of content is available? How opportunity to reflect on interactivity — in a broad sense — and are professors and students using these materials? A survey will its role in the field of human-computer interaction. be given. We are looking for your experiences. Both positive and negative experiences will be discussed, and new requirements may be generated.

88 | Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 14:30—16:00 | Afternoon | Thursday

■ PAPERS | Room: A1 ■ PAPERS | Room: A2

Color/Blind Social Influence SESSION CHAIR: Steve Feiner, Columbia University, USA SESSION CHAIR: Elizabeth F. Churchill, Yahoo!, USA

PAPER | Towards Developing Assistive Haptic Feedback PAPER | Modeling the Impact of Shared Visual for Visually Impaired Internet Users Information on Collaborative Reference

Ravi Kuber, Wai Yu, Graham McAllister, Queens University Darren Gergle, Northwestern University, USA Belfast, UK Carolyn P. Rosé, Robert E. Kraut, Carnegie Mellon University, USA

A novel approach is proposed for designing assistive haptic We present a computational description of collaborative feedback for visually-impaired Internet users. Preliminary reference that can be applied to the development of results are reported which will inform a haptic vocabulary, conversational agents, applications that dynamically track assisting development of inclusive browsing interfaces. collaboration, and dialogue managers for natural language interfaces.

NOTE | An Interface to Support Color Blind Computer Users NOTE | Similarity is More Important than Expertise: Accent Effects in Speech Interfaces Luke Jefferson, Richard Harvey, University of East Anglia, UK Nils Dahlbäck, Linköping University, Sweden Presents and evaluates an adaptive technique for improving Qianying Wang, Clifford I. Nass, Stanford University, USA accessibility to color displays by color blind computer users. The Jenny Alwin, Linköping University, Sweden technique significantly improves the legibility of color images for color blind viewers. Experimental study of users’ voice interface accent preferences, showing that even when participants have an alternative to focus on, i.e. the speakers’ presumptive competence, they NOTE | An Adaptive and Adaptable Approach to nonetheless opt for similarity-attraction. Enhance Web Graphics Accessibility for Visually Impaired People NOTE | Provoking Sociability Chui Chui Tan, Wai Yu, Graham McAllister, Queen’s University Belfast, UK Brooke Foucault, Northwestern University, USA Helena M. Mentis, The Pennsylvania State University, USA Describes an adaptive and adaptable approach that Phoebe Sengers, Cornell University, USA analyzes user’s preferences, graphical content, and assistive Devon Welles, Intel, USA technologies. Presents accessible graphics-based Web content to visually impaired people according to their profiles and needs. This paper demonstrates that deviance can be used as a resource to achieve positive social outcomes by discussing the outcomes of a study where co-workers interacted with a experience report | Music Organisation Using gossiping agent. Colour Synaesthesia

Michael Voong, Russell Beale, Birmingham University, UK PAPER | Social Responses to Virtual Humans: Implications for Future Interface Design The movement of music from physical discs to digital resources managed on a computer has had an effect on the listening Catherine Zanbaka, Amy Ulinski, Paula Goolkasian, Larry habits of users. We explore using the potential of the innate Hodges, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, USA synaesthesia that some people report feeling between colour and mood in a novel interface that enables a user to explore Presents results of an experimental study illustrating virtual their music collection and create musical playlists in a more humans can affect task performance through social influence. relevant way. We show that there is a reasonable degree of Highlights the importance of understanding human-virtual consistency between users’ associations of colour and music human social interactions when designing virtual human and show that an indirect descriptor can aid in the recall of interfaces. music via mood, making playlist generation a simpler and more useful process.

CHI 2007 | San Jose, California, USA | 89 Thursday | Afternoon | 14:30—16:00

■ PAPERS | Room: A3 ■ special interest group | Room: A8

Learning Technologies for Autism SESSION CHAIR: Michael Twidale, University of Illinois, USA Moderators: Daniel Gillette, Greenleaf Medical, USA PAPER | Hard Lessons: Effort-Inducing Interfaces Gillian R. Hayes, Gregory D. Abowd, Georgia Institute of Benefit Spatial Learning Technology, USA Justine Cassell, Northwestern University, USA Andy Cockburn, University of Canterbury, New Zealand Rana el Kaliouby, MIT, USA Per Ola Kristensson, Linköpings Universitet, Sweden Dorothy Strickland, Virtual Reality Aids, USA Jason Alexander, University of Canterbury, New Zealand Patrice Weiss, University of Haifa, Israel Shumin Zhai, IBM, USA This SIG aims to bring together those who study the use of Shows that spatial memory is improved by effortful interfaces. technology by and for individuals with autism, those who design Describes a “frost-brushing” training interface that forces and develop new technologies, and those who are curious users to either recall items from memory or ‘brush the frost’ for about getting involved. Areas that this SIG will consider include visual guidance. assistive technologies; tools for data collection and analysis; educational software; virtual reality rehabilitation environments; identifying users; need finding; user-centered collaborative PAPER | Multiple Mice for Retention Tasks in design processes that include individuals who cannot speak or Disadvantaged Schools write; and product assessment. Udai S. Pawar, Microsoft, India Joyojeet Pal, University of California, Berkeley, USA Rahul Gupta, Kentaro Toyama, Microsoft, India ■ Interactive SESSION | Room: B1–B4 A 238-student study of various single- and multi-mouse Toward a Less WIMPy Web configurations for an educational retention-based learning application in rural developing-world schools. Results are MODERATORS: complex, but suggest shared use is as effective as one-student- Tom Foremski, SiliconValleyWatcher.com, USA per-PC. Bill Lucas, Maya Design, USA Panelists: Aza Raskin, Humanized, Inc., USA PAPER | Strategies for Accelerating On-Line Learning Blake Ross, Firefox/Parakey, USA of Hotkeys This interactive session will start with a pair of position Tovi Grossman, Pierre Dragicevic, Ravin Balakrishnan, statements and end with a facilitated discussion. The University of Toronto, Canada participants represent two teams of people with accordant goals. Collectively, they call into question the recent wave of Presents new designs for accelerating the learning of hotkeys, Web offerings that replicate traditional desktop applications. and their experimental evaluation. The new designs can be used Their presentations will address human cognitive needs and to improve hotkey use in any GUI application. basic usability problems with computers today. In turn, they will advocate the creation of “humane interfaces.” Asking, “What does a true Web platform look like and why is it different from ■ special interest group | Room: A4 & A5 anything we’ve used before?”

UXD Business Models Moderators: ■ ALT.CHI | Room: C2 Garett Dworman, Tec-Ed, Inc., USA James Nieters, Subbarao Ivaturi, Cisco, USA Ideas Lab: Inspirations, Innovations, and Insights This SIG will facilitate a systematic exploration by attendees whose organizations follow, or are considering, one or more UXD Session Chair: Joseph ‘Jofish’ Kaye, Cornell University, USA models. It will result in a broader understanding for managers of UXD teams on how they can optimally structure their internal Table Tennis for Three — The Video (12 min) UXD functions, given their unique corporate environments Florian ‘Floyd’ Mueller, Martin Gibbs, The University of and cultures. Melbourne, Australia

We aim to demonstrate that a networked exerting leisure game for three players is possible and can be enjoyed by players. We believe it can be inspiring for other CHI researchers who design interfaces that aim to support social interactions between geographically distant participants.

90 | Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 14:30—16:00 | Afternoon | Thursday

Design of an Ecosystem for Ad-Hoc End-User Qualities of Perceived Aesthetic in Data Visualization Prototyping (12 min) (12 min)

Seung Chan Lim, Peter Lucas, MAYA Design, USA Nick Cawthon, Andrew Vande Moere, University of Sydney, Australia Our goal with the Javascript Dataflow Architecture (JDA) is to bring this spirit of end-user innovation back to the Web. We Through results gathered from a large-scale online survey, aim to achieve this while fully harnessing the powerful modern this paper empirically investigates the assessment of aesthetic day Web technologies. The architecture fosters the growth of a in 11 common data visualization techniques. Visualizations marketplace of components and lends itself nicely to the ad-hoc represented in this study were generated from an identical copy-paste-and-tweak paradigm of end-user rapid prototyping. hierarchical dataset and visually normalized to avoid unwanted implications of default application parameters or personal preferences. Arduino: An Open Electronics Prototyping Platform (12 min) Using Equations in Concept Maps to Graphically Build David Mellis, Copenhagen Institute of Interaction Design, Denmark Knowledge Bases (12 min) Massimo Banzi, Tinker.it!, Italy David Cuartielles, Malmö University, Sweden Aaron Spaulding, Vinay K. Chaudhri, Bonnie. E. John, Gus Tom Igoe, ITP, NYU, USA Prevas, Sunil Mishra, John Pacheco, SRI International, USA

Arduino is a platform for prototyping interactive objects In this paper we describe a graph based user interface to using electronics. It consists of both hardware and software: a connect equations to richly defined concepts within a knowledge circuit board that can be purchased at low cost or assembled base. This makes it possible to support reasoning about the from freely-available plans and an open-source development concepts referenced in an equation. environment and library for writing code to control the board. Arduino comes from a philosophy of learning by doing and strives to make it easy to work directly with the medium of ■ special interest group | Room: C4 interactivity. Usability Community SIG RadioActive: Enabling Persistent Mobile Moderators: Communications for Groups (12 min) Carol Righi, Janice James, Perficient,USA

Aaron Zinman, Judith Donath, MIT, USA This SIG is sponsored by the CHI 2007 and CHI 2008 Usability Community chairs to collect feedback and discuss how CHI RadioActive is a technological and interaction design for can best serve the Usability Community, both at the annual persistent mobile audio chat spaces. Our work focuses on conference and in other activities. strategies to navigate and structure large asynchronous audio discussions. In this paper we examine related work, describe our approach, highlight a conceptual framework for navigation, discuss our evaluations, and provide suggestions for future research.

Tug n’ Talk: A Belt Buckle for Tangible Tugging Communication (12 min)

Drew Harry, Matt Adcock, MIT, USA Matthew Boch, Harvard University, USA Vanessa Harden, Raul-David V. Poblano, MIT, USA

Tug n’ Talk is a prototype of a tuggable communication device, allowing for intimate communication between two individuals using tugging as a metaphor. In this paper we discuss the advantages of tugging over other haptic communication modalities, such as vibration, with a focus on input/output spaces and meaning construction.

CHI 2007 | San Jose, California, USA | 91 Thursday | Late Afternoon | 16:30—18:00

■ CLOSING PLENARY | Civic Auditorium

The mobile as a post Industrial platform for socio-economic development Niti Bhan, Bhan LLC, USA, Singapore, & India

Abstract: The internet is the foundation of the world wide web of humanity online. Today, there is no such facility on the cell phone platform comparable as yet to the great degree of usability and freedom of movement that browsing currently offers those of us in “broadband nations”. At the same time there is a great digital divide between the haves and the have nots. Many have tried with different degrees of success to bridge this chasm, because they all see the potential for growth that unleashing the flow of wealth to and from the bottom-most segments of socioeconomic and geopolitical strata, can effect real change in the standard of living for a great majority on our planet rather than just the fortunate few.

The numbers of cell phones sold in the past two years alone in the unexpected markets of the bottom of the pyramid, that includes a surprising numbers of luxury or high end mobiles, far more than any market survey could have predicted even two years ago, is a clear signal of the shift in economic activity. Look at what is already happening now in Bangladesh — microfinance and cell phones; South Africa — banking the unbanked through their cell phones; Uganda — microentreprise using the cell phone and more.

The challenge before us today is to ask “What if...?” in the best traditions of creativity and imagination and visualize a near future, within the constraints of existing or installed technology, that could bridge this digital divide and develop the applications and the foundation to provide connectivity, commerce, and community on the mobile platform. What kind of difference could this make?

Biography: Niti Bhan is an emerging markets strategy consultant with over 15 years of experience in conceiving, developing, and implementing strategies for entering new markets for companies such as Hewlett-Packard, Bank of America, Phillips, Scientific Atlanta, Creative Labs, HCL and the Cybermedia group of publications.

She is the founder of Bhan LLC, a boutique San Francisco based strategy think tank that offers early stage research and development of products and services catering to the overlooked markets in developing nations. She partners with Readymade, a product design and innovation consulting studio based in Pretoria, South Africa, Spire Innovation of Vancouver, Canada, Zago LLC of New York and Rio de Janeiro, and Brazil to offer new product design and development for new businesses, products or messaging.

Her education includes a Bachelor of Engineering from Bangalore University, an MBA in Strategy & Marketing as well as significant education in the graduate program of product design at the National Institute of Ahmedabad and the Institute of Design, IIT, Chicago. Her articles on design, strategy and innovative business practices have been published in BusinessWeek, Core77, New Design magazine, and on her blog.

92 | Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Thursday Courses

COURSE 39 | Room: A6 COURSE 41 | Room: A7

Advanced Data Collection and Keeping the Web in Web 2.0: An HCI Analysis Tools for HCI Research and Approach to Designing Web Applications Usability Testing 9:00—10:30 9:00—13:00 INSTRUCTORS: INSTRUCTORS: Steffen Meschkat, Google, USA Lucas P.J.J. Noldus, Noldus Information Technology BV, Josh Mittleman, Google, USA the Netherlands Benefits: We observe a key difference between the interaction Tobias Heffelaar, Noldus Information Technology BV, paradigms of web applications and traditional, desktop the Netherlands applications: the universal and uniform presence of history Benefits: This course offers participants an intensive half-day and bookmarks. We explain the AJAX architecture for web course in video technology, software tools and integrated applications and how it provides the interactive quality of solutions for field and lab studies. After this course you will be desktop applications, but also how effective use of browser up to date with the latest proven techniques, tools and best history and bookmarks, which comes (almost) for free in classical practices for data collection in HCI research or usability testing. web applications, has to be built explicitly into AJAX applications. If your next project is a field study, a focus group or a usability In part I, we use the user interface of complete web applications lab test, attend this course to learn how to select the right tool such as Google Maps, Spreadsheets, and Gmail, as illustrations for the job and how to put it to optimal use. for a taxonomy of application state; and discuss the semantics, consequences, and adequate uses of each type of state. The Intended Audience: HCI researchers and usability practitioners discussion centers on concepts that underlie software design, (usability engineers, UI designers, usability testers) working in but includes no actual code. academia or industry. Intended Audience: Part I requires a general understanding of software applications.

COURSE 40 | Room: A6

Ensuring the Usability of Systems that COURSE 42 | Room: A7 Adapt to Their Users Keeping the Web in Web 2.0: An HCI 14:30—16:00 Approach to Designing Web Applications INSTRUCTOR: (prerequisite Course 41) Anthony Jameson, DFKI, Germany 11:30—13:00 Benefits: You will acquire active, in-depth understanding of INSTRUCTORS: the usability issues that arise in the design of systems that Steffen Meschkat, Google, USA adapt to their users — ranging from personalized e-commerce Josh Mittleman, Google, USA web sites to adaptive user interfaces — and of ways of dealing with these issues. Benefits: In part II we use simple coding examples to further illustrate the principles derived in part I, introducing and Intended Audience: Practitioners and researchers who discussing javascript and DHTML language and library features are or will be involved in the design of systems that adapt to as we encounter them. Participants will be equipped with their users. conceptual tools to effectively and systematically design modern web applications combining the usability advantages of desktop applications with those of web applications; and with technical understanding of the building blocks and capabilities of AJAX applications to guide learning to apply these technologies.

Intended Audience: Part II is more technical: participants should have a working knowledge of at least one modern programming language, and should be familiar with the concepts of HTML, HTTP, and CGI programming. We recommend against attending part II without part I.

CHI 2007 | San Jose, California, USA | 93 Thursday Courses

COURSE 38 | Room: A7 COURSE 34 | Almaden Ballroom I

Usability Testing: Usable The Persona Lifecycle Communication Techniques 9:00—16:00 14:30—16:00 INSTRUCTORS: INSTRUCTOR: Tamara Adlin, Adlin Inc., USA Rolf Molich, DialogDesign, Denmark John Pruitt, Microsoft, USA Jonathan Grudin, Microsoft, USA Benefits: Even a perfectly executed usability test is worthless if test results are poorly communicated to the people who are Benefits Learn why personas can be an effective technique responsible for making beneficial changes to the product. This for design, development, and testing, when they are likely course looks at the pitfalls in this seemingly simple process. It to be useful, and how to use them effectively. Get hands-on describes the KJ-method for effectively communicating usability experience with practical persona creation and use methods. findings. Participants also evaluate a sample usability test report Intended Audience: The course is intended for those who are containing frequently occurring communication problems. or might be engaged in team-based design and development, Intended Audience: Usability professionals at all levels who those who teach design methods, and those interested in the want to improve their usability problem communication abilities. psychology of design.

COURSE 37 | Room: C 3 COURSE 35 | Almaden Ballroom II

The Top 5 Universal Design Problems Principles of Interaction Design and Ways to Solve Them 9:00—13:00 9:00—13:00 INSTRUCTOR: INSTRUCTORS: Shane Morris, Echo Interaction Design, Australia Ann Chadwick-Dias, Fidelity Investments, USA Benefits: This course introduces and explores many of the Marguerite Bergel, Fidelity Investments, USA fundamental principles that underlie the practice of interaction Tom Tullis, Fidelity Investments, USA design and user interface design. It is by consciously or Benefits: Applying existing accessibility standards (WCAG, unconsciously drawing on these principles that practicing Section 508) to the design and development of Web sites can designers are able to efficiently produce excellent designs, be challenging. Many of the standards leave ample room for and minimize redesign. Nevertheless, apart from some interpretation. This course will examine the top 5 universal ‘heuristics’, many practitioners have not been formally design problems we have encountered in our work along with introduced to these principles. potential solutions. We will review each design problem using This course gives participants a ‘kick start’ towards master assistive technologies to understand what challenges exist and status by exploring the underlying principles of interaction will then examine solutions to understand how they improve design through examples. accessibility. This is an applied course that will allow you to return to your organization with practical knowledge of what Intended Audience: This course is for designers and evaluators universal design means and how to achieve it. of all forms of user interfaces, including graphical user interfaces, internet applications and physical devices. The Intended Audience: Web Designers, Developers, & Usability course material is aimed at an intermediate level audience. No Practitioners specific prior knowledge is assumed.

94 | Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Thursday Courses

COURSE 36 | Almaden Ballroom II

Interaction Design Studio 14:30—16:00 INSTRUCTOR: Shane Morris, Echo Interaction Design, Australia

Benefits: The ‘design studio’ plays an important role in the education of designers from many disciplines. Acknowledging that design theory and formal techniques are only half of the equation, design studios provide students with an environment where they are able to experiment, explore, access and defend their own work. In doing so they build their own design ‘intuition’ — the part that can’t be learnt from books.

Acknowledging that many people who have come to the field of interaction design have not come from a design background, this course aims to reproduce, for a very short time, the environment of the design studio.

Interaction Design Studio provides a dynamic, fun and most importantly safe environment for practicing user interface designers, interaction designers and information architects to explore and build their design intuition, hone their ability to generate design solutions and critique and defend their own work, and the work of others — away from the demands of clients, colleagues and production deadlines. There are no formal lectures, no formal content — just the chance to develop new and existing skills through fun, fast-paced design exercises, active dialogue and the sharing of ideas in a safe environment. This is place where experienced designers can take risks and make mistakes all in the name of building their skills, knowing that no project deadlines will be harmed in the creation of their designs.

WARNING: This course contains crayons.

Intended Audience: This course is for experienced interaction designers, user interface designers and information architects. Beginners may find it difficult due to be productive and gain the most benefit from this course, given the fast pace and lack of formal materials.

CHI 2007 | San Jose, California, USA | 95 Notes

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USA Plata, Plata, University, University, Netherlands Informatique et en Automatique, Automatique, en et Informatique Research Institute, Institute, Research Japan University, University, USA USA ork Claudia Schremmer,Claudia Schrier, Karen CarmenSantoro, AleksandraSarcevic, DmitrySatin, LeonieSchaefer, Elisa Rubegni,Elisa Sambasivan, Nithya Sampson, Fred Sánchez,Jaime Andres Rodriguez,Andres MichaelRohs, Rooksby, John Roth, Patrick Janet Read,Janet Reeves,Stuart MichaelRichmond, Roda,Claudia Chris Quintana,Chris Kari-JoukoRäihä, Raisamo,Jukka Ramduny-Ellis,Devina Randell,Rebecca Pardha Pyla,Pardha Qi, Wen BerndPloderer, BarryPo, ChristopherPower, Prasad, Venkatesha Preece, Scott MårtenPettersson, EmmanuelPietriga, Pinkwart,Niels Chris Parnin,Chris Partala,Timo Paternò, Fabio Paul,Celeste MonicaPerrero, Jacki O’Neill,Jacki RobertOrr, Pande,Amit Panttaja,Erin Ian Oakley, Oakley, Ian ChristophObermair, Ohira,Masao Tao Ni, Tao Nichols,Jeffrey LorraineNormore, Adity Mutsuddi,Adity Myers,Brad MiguelNacenta, KristineNagel, Nelson, Les Ingrid Mulder, GuadalupeMuñoz, Munteanu,Cosmin Murphy, (Betty)Elizabeth KarynMoffatt, Monk,Andrew Morris,Scooter M. Milano,USA M. Milewski,Allen Miller, Andrew Miller, Rob BarbaraMillet, W McGookin,David McNee,Sean Medynskiy, Yevgeniy AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements CHI 2007 Commons Map Interactivity Exhibits

10 9 8 H G F E 7 6 5 4 i9 1 Interactivity b 2 1 i 12 2 3 a 1 12 Info Booth I 2 1 J D 13 C I n t

K e i6 r a c

t i7 i v i t y Recruiting Boards L i1 14 B M A N S ty 23 i4 22 Interactivi O i10 P 15 16 17 18 19 20 Q R 21 a a

30 31 32 33 34 34 35 Interactivity i 15 Interactivity 8 i 13 i Interactivity i 16 i 12 Main i 14 i 11 i 5 i 3 Entrance Entrance

Map ID Interactivity Booths Map ID Interactivity Booths i1 Soap: How to Make a Mouse Work in Mid-Air i9 BodySpace: Inferring Body Pose for Natural Control of a Music Player i2 GUIDe: Gaze-Enhanced User Interface Design i10 Dynamics of Tilt-Based Browsing on Mobile Devices i3 Building Upon Everyday Play i11 imPulse i4 Shoogle: Excitatory Multimodal Interaction on Mobile Devices i12 Interactive Exploration of City Maps with Auditory Torches i5 Dreaming of Adaptive Interface Agents i13 Jogging Over a Distance i6 Tangible Programming in the Classroom with Tern i14 Learning Shape Writing by Game Playing i7 I/O Brush: Beyond Static Collages i15 BluetunA: Let Your Neighbor Know What Music You Like i8 REXplorer: A Mobile, Pervasive Spell-Casting Game for Tourists i16 The Mixed Reality Book: A New Multimedia Reading Experience

See pages 105—108 for descriptions of the CHI exhibits. Posters

Posters will be spotlighted in the Concourse according to the 09 ears ))) — A Methodological Framework for groupings listed below. Poster authors are scheduled to stand by Auditory Display Design their posters during the coffee breaks each day. Christopher Frauenberger, Queen Mary College, University of Doctoral Consortium, Student Design Competition, Student London, UK Research Competition, and Workshops posters will be on display throughout the conference. Work-in-Progress posters will only 10 Scaffolding Cooperative Multi-Device Activities in be on display according to their respective groupings on Tuesday an Informal Learning Environment and Wednesday (see page 94-98). Thursday is reserved to Leilah Lyons, University of Michigan, USA spotlight the People’s Choice Work-in-Progress posters: vote for your top choices during the spotlight sessions from 10:30—11:30 11 Playing with Fire: Participatory Design of Wearable on Tuesday and Wednesday! Computing for Fire Fighters Markus Klann, Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Information Monday (9:00—18:00) Technology, Germany ■ Doctoral Consortium: posters 1-15 ■ Student Design Competition: posters 16-27 12 Interaction with User-Adaptive Information ■ Student Research Competition: posters 28-42 Filters. Trust, Transparency, and Acceptance. ■ Workshops: posters 43-60 Henriette Cramer, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands

Tuesday (9:00—18:00) 13 Evaluating Experience-Focused HCI ■ Work-In-Progress 1: posters 61-104 Joseph ‘Jofish’ Kaye,Cornell University, USA

Wednesday (9:00—18:00) 14 Supporting Proactive Planning of Multiple ■ Work-In-Progress 2: posters 105-156 Activities Leonardo Galicia, CICESE Research Center, Mexico Thursday (9:00—16:30) ■ People’s Choice Work-In-Progress 15 Sensemaking Handoff: Theory and Recommendations Nikhil Sharma, University of Michigan, USA ■ Doctoral Consortium

01 Decision-Making Strategies in Design Meetings ■ Student Design Competition Erin Friess, Carnegie Mellon University, USA 16 THE VVIP SYSTEM — Created to Encourage and 02 Authorable Virtual Peers for Children with Promote the Use of Public in Edinburgh Autism Darren Thomson, Marius Gylseth, Robert McGarry, Carmen Andrea Tartaro, Northwestern University, USA Garcia, Heriot-Watt University, UK

03 Incentive Design for Home Computer Security 17 altVerto: Using Intervention and Community to Rick Wash, University of Michigan, USA Promote Alternative Transportation Martha Gukeisen, David Hutchful, Pieter Kleymeer, Sean 04 Observation-Based Design Methods for Gestural Munson, University of Michigan, USA User Interfaces David Akers, Stanford University, USA 18 Senior Travel Buddies: Sustainable Ride-Sharing & Socialization 05 Bridging the Social-Technical Gap in Location- William Odom, Meng Li, Scott Jensen, Indiana University, USA Aware Computing Fabien Girardin, Pompeu Fabra University, Spain 19 Facebook Ride Connect John Booher, Balakrishna Chennupati, Nina Onesti, David 06 Design and Evaluation of Reduced-Functionality Royer, Indiana University, USA Interfaces Leah Findlater, University of British Columbia, Canada 20 txt bus: Wait Time Information On Demand Robert Thompson, Amy Grude, Matthew Scholl, Carl Collins, 07 GazeTop: Interaction Techniques for Gaze-Aware University of Michigan, USA Tabletops David Holman, RWTH Aachen University, Germany 21 .UMD — Community Carpooling John Dobrosielski, Tiffany Gray, Anna Nhan, Martin Stolen, 08 Connectedness: Support to Communities in University of Maryland, College Park, USA Diaspora via ICT Luis A. Castro, The University of Manchester, UK

CHI 2007 | San Jose, California, USA | 97 Posters continued

22 EventStream: Integrated Transit Information 32 Visualizing an Enterprise Wiki System Xianghua Ding, Univercity of California, Irvine, USA Aaron Houssian, Pin Sym Foong, Vincent Diaz, Adam Huse, Catalina Danis, Thomas Erickson, IBM, USA Pornsuree Jamsri, Indiana University, USA 33 Distributed Tabletops: Territoriality and 23 CarLoop: Leveraging Common Ground to Develop Orientation in Distributed Collaboration Long-Term Philip Tuddenham, Peter Robinson, University of Cambridge, UK Joshua Morse, Joshua Palay, Yarun Luon, Satyendra Nainwal, University of Michigan, USA 34 “Let Me Show You What I Want”: Engaging Individuals with Cognitive Disabilities and their 24 EMI: A System to Improve and Promote the Use Families in Design of Public Transportation Melissa Dawe, Gerhard Fischer, University of Colorado, USA Tonatzin Y. Baños Castellanos, Emmanuel Aquino Pérez, Fernando David Sernas Mora, Yazmín R. López 35 SciNews Online: Scaffolding the Construction of Hernández, Roberto Mendoza Manuel, Universidad Scientific Explanations Tecnológica de la Mixteca, Mexico Sebastian de la Chica, Tamara Sumner, University of Colorado, USA 25 Ri-Ri: Assisting Bus Conductors in Madras (Chennai) 36 Children Distinguish Conventional from Moral Arvind Ashok, Christian Beck, Nick Quagliara, Indiana Violations in Interactions with a Personified Agent University, USA Nathan Freier, University of Washington, USA

26 Celerometer and Idling Reminder: Persuasive 37 Towards a New Method of Evaluation for Reality- Technology for School Bus Eco-Driving Based Interaction Styles Tyler Pace, Shruti Ramalingam, David Roedl, Indiana Georgios Christou, Cyprus College, Cyprus University, USA Frank E. Ritter, The Pennsylvania State University, USA Robert J. K. Jacob, Tufts University, USA 27 Journey Planning Based on User Needs Paul André, Max Wilson, Alisdair Owens, Daniel Smith, 38 Providing Affective Information to Family and University of Southampton, UK Friends Based on Social Networks Wendy Moncur, Ehud Reiter, University of Aberdeen, UK

■ Student Re se arch Competition 39 Defining High-Throughput Email Users Joshua Gross, Mary Beth Rosson, The Pennsylvania State 28 Speed Sonic Across the Span: Building a Platform University, USA Audio Game Michael Oren, Iowa State University & DePauw 40 The Impact of Digital Iconic Realism University, USA on Anonymous Interactants’ Mobile Phone Chris Harding, Iowa State University, , & Communication Free University, Berlin, USA & Germany Sin-Hwa Kang, James Watt, Sasi Kanth Ala, Rensselaer Terri Bonebright, DePauw University & University of Polytechnic Institute, USA Nebraska, USA 41 Towards a Quantitative Analysis of Audio Scrolling 29 The Role of Paralinguistic Voice-Control of Techniques Interactive Media in Augmenting Awareness of Voice Eric Lee, Henning Kiel, Jan Borchers, RWTH Aachen Characteristics in the Hearing-Impaired University, Germany Sama’a Al Hashimi, Middlesex University, UK 42 Exploring Tabletop File System Interaction 30 Social Impacts of a Video Blogging System for Trent Apted, Anthony Collins, Judy Kay, University of Sydney, Clinical Instruction Australia Amaya Becvar, University of California, San Diego, USA

31 An Interface to Aid Rural Health Workers in the Preliminary Diagnosis of Cataract at the Slit Lamp Using LOCS III Satyendra Nainwal, University of Michigan, USA Pradeep Yammiyavar, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, India

98 | Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Posters continued

■ Workshops 52 Mobile Spatial Interaction Peter Froëhlich, Rainer Simon, Lynne Baillie, 43 Culture and Collaborative Technology Telecommunications Research Center Vienna, Austria Susan Fussell, Carnegie Mellon University, USA Joi Roberts, Motorola, USA Qiping Zhang, Long Island University, USA Roderick Murray-Smith, University of Glasgow, UK Matt Jones, Swansea University, UK 44 Exploring Design as a Research Activity Rahul Nair, Yahoo!, USA Matthew R. Peters, Helena M. Mentis, Steven R. Haynes, The Pennsylvania State University, USA 53 Supple Interfaces: Designing and Evaluating for Abigail Durrant, University of Surrey, UK Richer Human Connections and Experiences David J. Saab, The Pennsylvania State University, USA Katherine Isbister, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, USA Kristina Höök, Swedish Institue of Computer Science, Sweden 45 Tangible User Interfaces in Context and Theory Alan Blackwell, University of Cambridge, UK 54 Increasing the Impact of Usability Work in George Fitzmaurice, University of Toronto, Canada Software Development Lars Erik Holmquist, Viktoria Institute, Sweden Tobias Uldall-Espersen, University of Copenhagen, Denmark Hiroshi Ishii, MIT, USA Ann Blandford, University of College London, UK Brygg Ullmer, Louisiana State University, USA Timo Jokela, University of Oulu, Finland 46 Security User Studies: Methodologies and Best Erik Frøkjær, University of Copenhagen, Denmark Practices 55 Supporting Non-Professional Users in the New Serge Egelman, Carnegie Mellon University, USA Media Landscape Jen King, University of California, Berkeley, USA David Geerts, CUO—K.U.Leuven, the Netherlands Robert C. Miller, MIT, USA Petter Bae Brandtzæg, SINTEF ICT, Norway Nick Ragouzis, Enosis Group LLC, USA Marianna Obrist, Manfred Tscheligi, University of Salzburg, Erika Shehan, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA Germany 47 User Centered Design and International 56 Exertion Interfaces Development Florian ‘Floyd’ Mueller, The University of Melbourne, Australia Andy Dearden, Sheffield Hallam University,UK Stefan Agamanolis, Distance Lab, UK Susan M. Dray, Dray & Associates, Inc., USA Ann Light, Queen Mary College, University of London, UK 57 Exploratory Search and HCI John C. Thomas, IBM, USA Ryen W. White, Microsoft, USA Michael Best, Celeste Buckhalter, Dan Greenblatt, Marti A. Hearst, University of California, Berkeley, USA Gaurishankar Krishnan, Nithya Sambasivan, Georgia Steven M. Drucker, Microsoft, USA Institute of Technology, USA m c schraefel, University of Southampton, UK Gary Marchionini, University of North Carolina, USA 48 HCI and New Media Arts: Methodology and Evaluation 58 Shared Encounters Piotr D. Adamczyk, Michael B. Twidale, Kevin Hamilton, Brian Katharine S. Willis, Konstantinos Chorianopoulos, Bauhaus P. Bailey, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, USA University of Weimar, Germany Mirjam Struppek, Interactionfield,Germany 49 Imaging The City: Exploring the Practices and George Roussos, Birkbeck College, University of London, UK Technologies of Representing the Urban Environment in HCI 59 Beyond Current User Research: Designing Carl DiSalvo, Carnegie Mellon University, USA Methods for New Users, Technologies, and Design Janet Vertesi, Cornell University, USA Processes Judith Ramey, Elisabeth Cuddihy, University of Washington, USA 50 Supporting Design Studio Culture in HCI Stephanie Rosenbaum, Tec-Ed, Inc., USA Eli Blevis, Indiana University, USA Emma Rose, Anthro-tech, Inc., USA Tracee Vetting Wolf, IBM, USA Zhiwei Guan, University of Washington, USA Youn-kyung Lim, Indiana University, USA Keichi Sato, Illinois Institute of Technology, USA 60 Converging on a Science of Design through the Erik Stolterman, Indiana University, USA Synthesis of Design Methodologies Gerhard Fischer, Elisa Giaccardi, University of Colorado, USA 51 Striking a c[h]ord: Vocal Interaction in Assistive Yunwen Ye, SRA Key Technology Lab, Japan Technologies, Games, and More Kumiyo Nakakoji, University of Tokyo, Japan Adam J. Sporka, Czech Technical University in Prague, Czech Chris DiGiano, SRI International, USA Republic Susumu Harada, University of Washington, USA Sri H. Kurniawan, University of Manchester, UK

CHI 2007 | San Jose, California, USA | 99 Posters continued

WORK-IN-PROGRESS (WIPS) Tuesday ■ Conte xt-aware applications

71 Enabling Nutrition-Aware Cooking in a Smart ■ Handheld and Mob ile applications Kitchen 61 A Motion-Based Marking Menu System Pei-Yu Chi, Jen-hao Chen, Hao-hua Chu, National Taiwan Ian Oakley, Junseok Park, Electronics and Telecommunications University, Taiwan Research Institute, Republic of Korea 72 What You Said About Where Shook Your Head; 62 AwareLESS Authentication: Insensible Input A Hands-Free Implementation of a Location-Based Based Authentication Notification System Hiroyuki Manabe, Masaaki Fukumoto, NTT DoCoMo, Inc., Japan Eric Jones, Ted Selker, Hyemin Chung, MIT, USA

63 txt 4 l8r: Lowering the Burden for Diary Studies 73 Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) as an index of Under Mobile Conditions Cognitive Load Joel Brandt, Noah Weiss, Scott R. Klemmer, Stanford Fang Chen, Eric Choi, Natalie Ruiz, Yu Shi, Ronnie Taib, University, USA National ICT Australia Ltd, Australia

64 Sounding Board: A Handheld Device for Mutual 74 Content-Aware Layout Assessment in Education Edward Ishak, Steven Feiner, Columbia University, USA Jun Yamashita, University of Tsukuba, Japan 75 Finding Your Way with CampusWiki: A Location- Hiroshi Kato, National Institute of Media Education, Japan Toshiaki Ichimaru, University of Tsukuba, Japan Aware Wiki Hideyuki Suzuki, Ibaraki University, Japan Richard Schuler, Nathaniel Laws, Sameer Bajaj, Sukeshini Grandhi, Quentin Jones, New Jersey Institute of Technology, USA 65 New Parameters for Tacton Design Eve Hoggan, Stephen Brewster, University of Glasgow, UK ■ Auditory UI

■ Handling Information 76 Porta-Person: Telepresence for the Connected Conference Room 66 Towards a Tool for Predicting User Exploration Nicole Yankelovich, Nigel Simpson, Jonathan Kaplan, Joe Leonghwee Teo, Bonnie E. John, Carnegie Mellon University, USA Provino, Sun Microsystems, USA Peter Pirolli, PARC, USA 77 Iterative Design of an Audio-Haptic Drawing 67 Preliminary Evidence for Top-Down and Application Bottom-Up Processes in Web Search Navigation Kirsten Rassmus-Gröhn, Charlotte Magnusson, Håkan Shu-Chieh Wu, San Jose State University & NASA, USA Eftring, Lund University, Sweden Craig Miller, DePaul University, USA 78 An Investigation into the Use of Spatialised 68 OSI and ET: Originating Source of Information and Sound in Locative Games Evidence Traceability Kirsten Cater, University of Bristol, UK Robert Ball, Pardha Pyla, Manuel A. Pérez-Quiñones, Virginia Richard Hull, Tom Melamed, Hewlett-Packard, UK Polytechnic Institute and State University, USA Robin Hutchings, University of Bristol, UK

69 The Effect of Brand Awareness on the Evaluation 79 Longitudinal Study of Continuous Non-Speech of Search Engine Results Operated Mouse Pointer Bernard Jansen, Mimi Zhang, Ying Zhang, The Pennsylvania Adam J. Sporka, Czech Technical University in Prague, State University, USA Czech Republic Sri H. Kurniawan, Murni Mahmud, University of Manchester, UK 70 WillCam: A Digital Camera Visualizing Users’ Pavel Slavik, Czech Technical University in Prague, Czech Republic Intention Keita Watanabe, Keio University, Japan, 80 Interactive Generation of Overview Information Koji Tsukada, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Using Speech Science and Technology, Japan Johan Kildal, Stephen Brewster, University of Glasgow, UK Michiaki Yasumura, Keio University, Japan

100 | Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Posters continued

■ Input & interaction ■ Home

81 Look There or “Are Six Keys Enough?” 91 On Nurturing Strong-Tie Distant Relationships: Regina Bernhaupt, David Wilfinger, Thomas Mirlacher, From Theory to Prototype Manfred Tscheligi, Salzburg University, Germany Cristina Hoffmann, Sylvie Jumptertz, Bernard Marquet, France Telecom, France 82 Game Controller Text Entry with Alphabetic and Multi-Tap Selection Keyboards 92 Analysis of Human Interruptibility in the Home Thomas Költringer, Michaela Ngo Van, Thomas Grechenig, Environment Vienna University of Technology, Austria Yoshinao Takemae, Shuichi Chaki, Takehiko Ohno, Ikuo Yoda, NTT Corporation, Japan 83 Comparing Two Methods for Gesture Based Short Shinji Ozawa, Keio University, Japan Text Input Using Chording Hendrik Witt, Torben Janssen, University of Bremen, Germany 93 SyncDecor: Appliances for Sharing Mutual Awareness between Lovers Separated by Distance 84 Gaze-Enhanced Scrolling Techniques Hitomi Tsujita, Ochanomizu University, Japan Manu Kumar, Terry Winograd, Andreas Paepcke, Stanford Koji Tsukada, National Institute of Advanced Industrial University, USA Science and Technology, Japan Itiro Siio, Ochanomizu University, Japan 85 Improving Disambiguation Accuracy for Dictionary-Based Disambiguation Text Entry 94 The Use of Aesthetics in HCI Systems Methods by Co-Occurrence Based Semantic Jina Huh, Mark Ackerman, Robert Douglas, University of Information Michigan, USA Jun Gong, Peter Tarasewich, Carole Hafner, Northeastern 95 From Virtually Living Together to Actual Living University, USA Scott Mackenzie, York University, Canada Together Marianne Graves Petersen, University of Aarhus, Germany

■ Computer Supp orted Cooperative Work 1 ■ Computer Supp orted Cooperative Work 2 86 A Study of Co-Worker Awareness in Remote Collaboration over a Shared Application 96 Studying Activity Patterns in CSCW Julien Epps, National ICT Australia LTD, Australia Gregorio Convertino, The Pennsylvania State University, USA Benjamin Close, University of South Australia, Australia Thomas P. Moran, Barton A. Smith, IBM, USA

87 An Initial Investigation into Non-Visual Computer 97 Using Isovist Views to Study Placement of Large Supported Collaboration Displays in Natural Settings David McGookin, Stephen Brewster, University of Glasgow, UK Peter Scupelli, Sara Kiesler, Susan R. Fussell, Carnegie Mellon University, USA 88 Mapmail: Restructuring an Email Client for Use in 98 CAWS: A Wiki System to Improve Workspace Distributed Teams Awareness to Advance Effectiveness of Co-Authoring Les Nelson, PARC, USA Elizabeth F. Churchill, Yahoo!, USA Activities Ilaria Liccardi, Hugh Davis, Su White, University of 89 Encouraging Contribution to Shared Sketches in Southampton, UK Brainstorming Meetings 99 Malibu Personal Productivity Assistant Marcello Bastéa-Forte, Corina Yen, Stanford University, USA Werner Geyer, Beth Brownholtz, Michael J. Muller, Casey 90 Pointer Delegation for Group Collaboration Using Dugan, Eric Wilcox, David R. Millen, IBM, USA Telepointers 100 Extending a Theory of Remote Scientific Noritaka Osawa, National Institute of Multimedia Education, Collaboration to Corporate Contexts Japan Sajeev Cherian, Judith S. Olson, University of Michigan, USA

CHI 2007 | San Jose, California, USA | 101 Posters continued

WORK-IN-PROGRESS (WIPS) Wednesday ■ Children

101 Designing Tangibles for Children: What Designers ■ Protot yping Need to Know Alissa Antle, Simon Fraser University, Canada 106 Integrating User Performance Time Models in 102 Designing Mobile Phone Interface with Children the Design of Tangible UIs Xiaowei Cao, Sri H. Kurniawan, University of Manchester, UK Paul Holleis, Research Group Embedded Interaction & University of Munich, Germany 103 Making Dead History Come Alive through Mobile Dagmar Kern, Albrecht Schmidt, Fraunhofer Gesellschaft — IAIS, Germany Game-Play Rosa Lanzilotti, Maria Francesca Costabile, Carmelo Ardito, 107 WOZ Pro: A Pen-Based Low Fidelity Prototyping Thomas Pederson, University of Bari, Italy Environment to Support Wizard of Oz Studies 104 Vuelta: Creating Animated Characters and Props Christopher Hundhausen, Anzor Balkar, Mohamed Nuur, Washington State University, USA Using Real-World Objects Juan Pablo Hourcade, Keith Perry, University of Iowa, USA 108 iProCam: A Lens-Sharing Projector-Camera 105 Continuing Motivation for Game Design System for Augmented Reality Applications Seyoung Pyo, Jaewon Shim, Geehyuk Lee, Information and Sarah Walter, Karin Forssell, Brigid Barron, Caitlin Martin, Communications University, Republic of Korea Stanford University, USA 109 Prime III: A User Centered Voting System Ernest Cross II, Yolanda McMillian, Priyanka Gupta, Philicity Williams, Kathryn Nobles, Juan Gilbert, Auburn University, USA

110 Range: Exploring Proxemics in Collaborative Whiteboard Interaction Wendy Ju, Brian Lee, Scott R. Klemmer, Stanford University, USA

■ UI Design

111 A Gestural Input through Finger Writing on a Textured Pad Ji-Eun Kim, John Sunwoo, Yong-Ki Son, Dong-Woo Lee, Il- Yeon Cho, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Republic of Korea

112 Design and Comparison of Acceleration Methods for Touchpad Sumi Yun, Geehyuk Lee, Information and Communications University, Republic of Korea

113 K-Menu: A Keyword-Based Dynamic Menu Interface for Small Computers Seung Eun Lee, Geehyuk Lee, Information and Communications University, Republic of Korea

114 Rating, Voting, & Ranking: Designing for Collaboration & Consensus Don Turnbull, University of Texas, Austin, USA

115 Human Guided Evolution of XUL User Interfaces Juan Quiroz, Sergiu Dascalu, Sushil Louis, University of Nevada, Reno, USA

102 | Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Posters continued

■ Input and Interaction Technologie s ■ Augmented Re alit y and Tangib le UIs

116 2D Meets 3D: A Human-Centered Interface for 126 I/O Plant: A Tool Kit for Designing Augmented Visual Data Exploration Human-Plant Interactions Sebastian Baumgärtner, Achim Ebert, Matthias Deller, Stefan Satoshi Kuribayashi, Yusuke Sakamoto, Hiroya Tanaka, Keio Agne, DFKI GmbH, Germany University, Japan

117 Design and Evaluation of 3D Models for 127 Reality-Based Interaction: Unifying the New Electronic Dental Records Generation of Interaction Styles Michael Marotta, Revolution Health & Carnegie Mellon Robert J. K. Jacob, Audrey Girouard, Leanne Hirshfield, University, USA Michael Horn, Orit Shaer, Erin Solovey, Tufts University, Purin Phanichphant, Microsoft & Carnegie Mellon University, USA USA Patrick Malatack, Carnegie Mellon University, USA Jamie Zigelbaum, MIT, USA Tej Shah, Carnegie Mellon University & Lockheed Martin, USA Greg Price, Endeca & Carnegie Mellon University, USA 128 The Digital Music Box: Using Cultural and Thankam Thyvalikakath, Titus Schleyer, University of Critical Theory to Inform Design Pittsburgh, USA Mark Blythe, University of York, UK Jason I. Hong, Carnegie Mellon University, USA 129 Jogging over a Distance — Supporting a “Jogging 118 Management of Personal Information Scraps Together” Experience Although Being Apart Michael Bernstein, Max Van Kleek, MIT, USA Florian ‘Floyd’ Mueller, Exertion Interfaces, Australia m c schraefel, University of Southampton, UK Shannon O’Brien, Alex Thorogood, Connecting People Group, David Karger, MIT, USA Australia

119 A Grid-Based Extension to an Assistive 130 Tangible Avatar and Tangible Earth: A Novel Multimodal Interface Interface for Astronomy Education Philip Strain, Graham McAllister, Emma Murphy, Ravi Kuber, Jun Yamashita, Hideaki Kuzuoka, University of Tsukuba, Japan Wai Yu, Queens University, Belfast, UK Michitaka Hirose, The University of Tokyo, Japan

120 A Research Agenda for Mobile Usability 131 Finding Communication Hot Spots of Location Constantinos Coursaris, Michigan State University, USA Based Postings Dan Kim, University of Houston, Clear Lake, USA Saija-Maaria Lemmelä, Hannu J. Korhonen, Nokia, Finland

132 The Sound of Touch ■ Design and evaluation Methods David Merrill, Hayes Raffle,MIT, USA 121 An Extensible Platform for the Interactive Exploration of Fitts’ Law and Related Movement ■ Robotic Agents Time Models Martin Schedlbauer, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, USA 133 How do Robotic Agents’ Appearances Affect Peoples’ Interpretations of the Agents’ Attitudes? 122 HCI4D: HCI Challenges in the Global South Takanori Komatsu, Future University-Hakodate, Japan Marshini Chetty, Rebecca E. Grinter, Georgia Institute of Seiji Yamada, National Institute of Informatics, Japan Technology, USA 134 Practical Approaches to Comforting Users with 123 aIRPLane: An Information Retrieval Relational Agents Pattern Language Timothy Bickmore, Daniel Schulman, Northeastern University, USA Christine Wania, Michael Atwood, Drexel University, USA

124 Mapping Semantic Relevancy of Information Displays Vladislav Veksler, Wayne Gray, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, USA

125 Using Activity Theory to Develop a Design Framework for Rural Development Arvind Ashok, Christian Beck, Indiana University, Bloomington, USA

CHI 2007 | San Jose, California, USA | 103 Posters continued

■ Visualization and Animation ■ Social Computing and Social Navigation

135 Comparing Visualizations for Tracking Off- 147 Location, Location, Location: A Study of Screen Moving Targets Bluejacking Practices Sean Gustafson, Pourang Irani, University of Manitoba, Canada Jennifer Thom-Santelli, Alex Ainslie, Geri Gay, Cornell University, USA 136 Conversation Votes: Enabling Anonymous Cues Tony Bergstrom, Karrie Karahalias, University of Illinois, 148 SocialBrowsing: Integrating Social Networks and Urbana-Champaign, USA Web Browsing Jennifer Golbeck, Michael M. Wasser, University of Maryland, 137 WikiNavMap: A Visualisation to Supplement College Park, USA Team Based Adam Ullman, Judy Kay, The University of Sydney, Australia 149 Applying a User-Centered Metric to Identify Active Blogs 138 The Facial Expression Effect of an Animated Adam Kramer, University of Oregon, USA Agent on the Decisions Taken in the Negotiation Game Kerry Rodden, Google, USA Masahide Yuasa, Naoki Mukawa, Tokyo Denki University, Japan 150 Value Scenarios: Envisioning Systemic Effects of New Technologies ■ Computer Mediated Communication Lisa Nathan, Predrag Klasnja, Batya Friedman, University of Washington, USA 139 On Context of Content: A Comparative Methodology Review of How HCI and Mass 151 BlogCentral: The Role of Internal Blogs at Work Communication Analyze Blogs and Social Media Jina Huh, University of Michigan, USA Lo Ping Wei, Ellen Yi-Luen Do, Georgia Institute of Lauretta Jones, Thomas Erickson, Wendy A. Kellogg, Rachel Technology, USA Bellamy, John C. Thomas, IBM, USA

140 Investigating Response Similarities Between Real and Mediated Social Touch: A First Test ■ He alth Care applications Antal Haans, Christiaan De Nood, Wijnand IJsselsteijn, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, the Netherlands 152 Touch · Sensitive Apparel Cati Vaucelle, MIT, USA 141 Distant Closeness and Photo Galleries: Flickr and Yasmine Abbas, Harvard University, USA Public Image-Sharing 153 NEAT-o-Games: Ubiquitous Activity-Based Nancy Van House, University of California, Berkeley, USA Gaming 142 Exploring Large Display Use in American Yuichi Fujiki, Kostas Kazakos, Colin Puri, University of Megachurches Houston, USA Justin Starren, Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation,USA Susan P. Wyche, Yevgeniy ‘Eugene’ Medynskiy, Rebecca E. Ioannis Pavlidis, University of Houston, USA Grinter, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA James Levine, Mayo Clinic, USA 143 Talking About Stuff: Artifacts and Expectation 154 UP Health: Ubiquitously Persuasive Health in Social Communication Promotion with an Instant Messaging System Elaine Huang, RWTH Aachen University, Germany Misook Sohn, Junwoo Lee, Electronics and Crysta Metcalf, Motorola Labs, USA Telecommunications Research Institute, Republic of Korea

155 WalkMSU: An Intervention to Motivate Physical ■ Office and Workpl ace Activity in University Students 144 Computer Aided Observations of Complex Vikash Singh, Anijo Mathew, Mississippi State University, USA Mobile Situations 156 Posture Monitoring and Improvement for Laptop Use Tobias Klug, SAP & Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany Sriram Subramanian, Carrie Demmans, Jon Titus, University 145 Physically Present, Mentally Absent: Technology of Saskatchewan, Canada Use in Face-to-Face Meetings Lisa Kleinman, University of Texas, Austin, USA 146 Addressing Constraints: Multiple Usernames, Task Spillage, and Notions of Identity Ben Gross, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, USA, Elizabeth F. Churchill, Yahoo!, USA

104 | Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Exhibits

Addison-Wesley Cooper Booth: 33 Booth: G (CHI Champion, Recruiting) Addison-Wesley is the premier publisher of User Interface books. Recent publications include: The Resonant Interface by Steven Cooper helps industry-leading clients define, design and deliver Heim, Web Usability: A User-Centered Design Approach by inspiring products and services. We have positions in interaction Lazar, DTUI by Shneiderman/Plaisant and Designing Interactive design, visual design, and design communication. Design better Systems by Benyon/Turner/Turner. products. Work in a better place. www.cooper.com

Adobe eBay, Inc. Booth: F Booth: 3 (CHI Contributor, Recruiting) (CHI Contributor, Recruiting) Adobe Systems Incorporated offers business, creative, and eBay’s User Experience & Design group generates user mobile software solutions that revolutionize how the world insights, designs global products, and creates a long-term engages with ideas and information. If you are interested user experience vision to address current and future user needs in joining a team of visual and interaction designers, user and opportunities. UED plays an important role in fulfilling researchers, and UE Consultants come visit us at our booth. eBay’s corporate charter of pioneering new communities around the world built on commerce, sustained by trust, and inspired Alucid Solution, Inc. / Usability Systems by opportunity. Booth: 11 (Recruiting) Ethnio Booth: 22 Alucid Solution, Inc., formerly Usability Systems, Inc. (USI), provides a unique blend of research, consultation and | Peters User Experience presents Ethnio. The first remote leading-edge testing tools and environments through its cross- usability testing web application that allows you to observe from functional usability software, systems and services. Alucid is anywhere, record video and audio, and recruit users live from celebrating its 20th year. the web. Moderated remote usability. Simplified.

Aptima, Inc. Eurotech Group Booth: 35 Booth: J Aptima, Inc. is a leader in the field of human-centered Zypad is a new family of wearable computers designed by engineering, solving the problems of human performance in Eurotech Group. It provides instant access to computing today’s complex, sociotechnical systems. The company provides capabilities, while allowing users to carry out non-computer products and services focused on the design of organizations, tasks across a variety of professional work applications, user-centered technology, and training systems. enabling hands-free operation, robust wireless capabilities and standard architecture. Autodesk, Inc. Booth: 8 eye square GmbH (CHI Contributor, Recruiting) Booth: 5 Realize your ideas. Autodesk is the world leader in 2D and 3D eye square is a leading offerer of usability research in Europe; design software with the broadest portfolio of manufacturing, our software eye square Visualizer is the most advanced tool for geospatial, building & construction, and media & entertainment eye tracking analysis and visualization. Our clients include: eBay, solutions. Stop by to meet our designers, learn about solutions, Yahoo, Deutsche Bank, Ford, P&G, LG Electronics. and hear about our current openings. FILTER/TALENT Bentley College Booth: 6 Booth: S (Recruiting) The Master of Science in Human Factors in Information Design FILTER/TALENT: a recruitment agency connecting UI and visual (MSHFID) at Bentley College prepares graduates for senior- designers with hiring managers and HR departments, solving level positions at leading companies by combining product resource needs for web, software, and consumer product design, usability engineering and human factors with a goal of development. On-site/off-site or direct hire. enhancing the user experience. Google Captology Forum (Stanford University Persuasive Booth: R, 21 Technology Lab) (CHI Champion, Recruiting) Booth: 16 Google’s ease of use is the result of a continued focus on putting Captology Forum is a monthly 30-minute voice chat online about the user first. We have many exciting opportunities inUI , so if how computers (including mobile phone apps) can motivate you’re interested in the challenge of making information easily & persuade people. Dr. BJ Fogg of Stanford leads each Forum and freely accessible to a global audience please stop by our using YackPack Live Voice. The short events are free, fun & booth (R, 21). http://www.google.com/jobs/chi insightful. Join us.

CHI 2007 | San Jose, California, USA | 105 Exhibits continued

Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Microsoft Booth: 34a Booth: A, B (CHI Champion, Recruiting) HFES is the largest scientific society for human factors /ergonomics researchers and practitioners, with over 4700 At Microsoft we enable people and business throughout the members worldwide, promoting the discovery and exchange of world to realize their full potential through our products and knowledge concerning the characteristics of human beings that services. Find out more about our software, the people who are applicable to the design of systems and devices of all kinds. create it, and career opportunities in UX, research, and design.

Human Factors International Mobience Booth: 9 Booth: 13 (Recruiting) If you use QWERTY, you will find you’re already familiar with HFI’s pioneering leadership for improving customer experience MobileQWERTY when you try it. If you don’t use QWERTY, includes recent advancements in contextual innovation, analysis MobileQWERTY can surely help you learn or overcome it. of decision-making as it impacts conversion, customized MobileQWERTY writes a new history of QWERTY for ubiquitous UCD methodology, usability best practices, and Web 2.0 mobile devices. deployments. Morgan Kaufmann (an imprint of Elsevier) Intel Booth: 15 Booth: C Morgan Kaufmann, an imprint of Elsevier, works with leading (CHI Hero, Recruiting) computer scientists to publish books for researchers, At Intel, we constantly push the boundaries of innovation in professionals and students in human-computer interaction, order to make people’s lives more exciting, more fulfilling, and computer architecture, databases/networking, graphics/ easier to manage. Our unwavering commitment to moving gaming, and software engineering. technology forward has transformed the world by leaps and bounds. Come see Intel’s “Kitchen Window” demo — a vision for Noldus Information Technology, Inc. the central hub of family communications. Intel. Leap ahead. Booth: E

Intranel.com Noldus offers computer software and integrated systems for HCI research and usability testing. The Observer XT is available for Booth: K live observations, video analysis, eye-tracking, or mobile coding. Get the insight you need, online and in real time with VisionsLive. Please visit Noldus for more detailed information. com and VideoScribe G2 from Intranel - www.Intranel.com. Watch participants use any website from anywhere on the World Oracle USA Wide Web. See their reactions and hear their first thoughts. Booth: 1 (Recruiting) Intuit Oracle is the world leader in enterprise-class user experiences. Booth: O, P Come and see how our team of interaction design, usability (CHI Champion, Recruiting) engineering, ethnography, and cognitive engineering research Intuit’s user experience team pushes the boundaries of professionals help make our customers more productive, traditional user centered design. We solve problems that everyday. make a difference in the lives of millions. And when one of our courageous ideas stick and customers break out in smiles using Oxford University Press a product we invented, we know we’re doing our jobs. Booth: 4

John Wiley & Sons Save 20% — Series in Human Technology Interaction: Pirolli: Information Foraging Theory, Parasuraman: Neuroergonomics, Booth: 23 Kirlik: Adaptive Perspectives on Human-Technology Interaction; John Wiley and Sons are proud to announce the publication of Kramer: Attention; and Kraut: Computers, Phones, and the the 2nd edition of Interaction Design — the bestseller by Sharp, Internet. Rogers and Preece.This title joins our growing stable of new books on HCI subjects. Come take a look at them at our stand! RedWhale Software Booth: 19 LC Technologies Eyegaze Systems RedWhale is a leading provider of software tools, innovative Booth: 18 technologies, and professional services for the design, A range of eye tracking technologies: The EyeFollower that development and run-time management of user interfaces. provides automatic eye acquisition, binocular tracking, and 0.45-degree gazepoint tracking accuracy throughout 20x12x15 inch volume. Also, an inexpensive plug-and-play system and state-of-the art NYAN analysis software.

106 | Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Exhibits continued

salesforce.com Sun Microsystems Booth: L Booth: 12a (Recruiting) (CHI Champion, Recruiting) The success of salesforce.com is a testament to the commitment At Sun “The Network is the Computer.” We understand that to our solution’s ease of use, global adoption, and a loyal technology is only part of a community. We connect people community of over 500,000 users. Contribute your talents to enabling them to interact, share, and solve problems. Meet the the User Experience team and help elevate our products and designers who create the products and online communities that services to a whole new level. make this happen.

Samsung Electronics Co., LTD. Taylor & Francis Group Booth: 7 Booth: 34 The Future Experience Part of Samsung Electronics presents With over 200 years publishing experience, international offices its recent research results related to user experience and new and over 1100 titles in print, Taylor & Francis is a world leading interaction developments. publisher of academic journals. All Taylor & Francis journals have their own web pages with full information — visit SAP www.informaworld.com for a closer look. Booth: Q (CHI Champion, Recruiting) TechSmith Corporation Booth: 14 As the world’s third-largest independent software provider, (Recruiting) SAP delivers business solutions to more than 36,200 customers worldwide. Today, SAP employs more than 38,400 TechSmith Corporation, creator of Morae, UserVue, Camtasia people in more than 50 countries. Connect with SAP usability Studio, and SnagIt, lets users capture, record and enhance professionals at our booth. digital content from their PCs so they can share information and allow others to observe, analyze and learn from their Savannah College of Art and Design experiences. Booth: 10 (Recruiting) The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA Booth: 2 The Savannah College of Art and Design exists to prepare talented students for careers in the visual and performing arts, The MIT Press publishes extensively in computer-human design, the building arts, and the history of art and architecture. interaction and related titles in technology, new media and The college emphasizes learning through individual attention in gaming. Please visit our booth to browse our newest titles and a positively oriented environment. receive a 20% discount on books and journals purchased.

Seeing Machines Tobii Technology Booth: 32 Booth: I, 12 (Recruiting) Seeing Machines is an award winning Technology Company focused on designing vision-based human machine interfaces. Tobii Technology manufactures eye tracking technology. Our Our forerunner product called faceLAB™ provides head and face hardware and software make usability studies much easier and tracking, eye, eyelid and gaze tracking. For more information give a powerful new stream of data. Use your eyes. about faceLAB™ visit www.seeingmachines.com University of Washington Press/DUB SirValUse Consulting Booth: 12b Booth: 20 DUB is a University of Washington alliance exploring Human Customary methods for performance measurement and Computer Interaction and Design--Computer Science and online survey don’t provide insights about usage motivation, Engineering, Technical Communication, Biomedical and Health satisfaction and frequency. The new Remote-Testing-Tool Informatics, the School of Art and the Information School. UW LEOtrace® covers the whole user behaviour, including a freely Press will publish Personal Information Management in the fall definable number of competitor’s websites. of 2007.

Springer UserZoom Booth: 17 Booth: D Take your research and skills to the next level with Springer. UserZoom is an automated (non-moderated) remote usability Stop by our booth to discover an authoritative range of books testing tool. It can test large volumes of users in their natural and journals in CHI. Save 20% on all titles. context and quantify usability and UX of digital interfaces, both in the local and international marketplace.

CHI 2007 | San Jose, California, USA | 107 Exhibits continued

UXalliance Booth: 30 (Recruiting) The User Experience Alliance (UXa) is a working network of the leading usability companies in Europe, the US and Asia. Together we offer international user experience research services providing clients with one point of contact and a global reach.

VMware, Inc. Booth: H (Recruiting) VMware is the global leader in virtual infrastructure software for industry-standard systems. The world’s largest companies use VMware solutions to simplify their IT, fully leverage their existing computing investments and respond faster to changing business demands.

Yahoo! Booth: M, N (CHI Champion, Recruiting) How Big Can You Think? If you’re up for creating products that bring half a billion people worldwide together, we’re looking for you. Yahoo!’s User Experience and Design team is hiring big. Come discover how you can help change the face of one of the world’s most traffickedI nternet destinations.

YELLOWPAGES.COM Booth: 31 (Recruiting) Consumers have trusted Yellow Pages to deliver information for more than 125 years. Now, YELLOWPAGES.COM, a wholly owned subsidiary of AT&T, provides comprehensive Web advertising solutions for local businesses — Web sites, business listing advertising, search engine solutions and more.

108 | Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Notes

CHI 2007 | San Jose, California, USA | 109 Notes

110 | Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Index

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Index

A B Bhan, Niti 2, 92 C Churchill, Elizabeth F. 4, 26, 76, 89, 101 Abbas, Yasmine 104 Bach, Paula M. 39 Bickmore, Timothy 103 Cabraal, Anuja 67 Clarkson, Edward 37 Abdulla, Leith 26, 37 Bagnara, Sebastiano 76 Biehl, Jacob T. 83 Callander, Maria 51 Clawson, James 37 Abowd, Gregory D. 2, 17, 24, Bahrami, Ali 58 Bier, Eric A. 38 Canales, Lorenzo 69 Close, Benjamin 101 81, 83, 86, 90 Bailenson, Jeremy N. 26, 33 Billinghurst, Mark 69 Canny, John 26, 57, 71, 87 Ackerman, Mark 33, 101 Billman, Dorrit 38 Cockburn, Andy 27, 55, 58, Bailey, Brian P. 57, 75, 99 Cao, Xiang 87 74, 90 Acquisti, Alessandro 67 Binsted, Kim 72 Baillie, Lynne 34, 99 Cao, Xiaowei 102 Cockton, Gilbert 43 Adamczyk, Piotr D. 71, 99 Birnholtz, Jeremy P. 34, 74 Bajaj, Sameer 100 Card, Stuart K. 25, 66 Cohen, Phil 70 Adlin, Tamara 94 Blackwell, Alan 4, 69, 82, 99 Baker, Ryan S.J.D. 26, 71 Carlsson, Victoria 87 Collins, Anthony 98 Agne, Stefan 103 Blandford, Ann 55, 99 Balakrishnan, Ravin 34, 50, Carpendale, Sheelagh 27, Convertino, Gregorio 101 Ahern, Shane 41 55, 58, 74, 84, 90 Blevis, Eli 26, 49, 54, 99 38, 74 Corey, Julihn 75 Ahmed, Iftikhar 58 Balkar, Anzor 102 Blomberg, Jeanette 42 Carroll, John M. 25, 39, 57 Cornwell, Jason 86 Ainslie, Alex 104 Ball, Robert 27, 38, 100 Bly, Sara 25, 44 Carson, Tania 72 Correa, Andrew 69 Aitken, Mike 26, 34 Ballagas, Rafael 52, 72 Blythe, Mark 103 Carter, Scott 37 Costabile, Maria Francesca 102 Akers, David 97 Banks, Richard 68 Boardman, Richard 87 Cassell, Justine 90 Costanza, Enrico 58 Al Hashimi, Sama’a 98 Banzi, Massimo 91 Boch, Matthew 91 Castellanos, Tonatzin Y. Courage, Catherine 59 Ala, Sasi Kanth 98 Baptista, Luciana 75 Boehner, Kirsten 26, 71, 85 Baños 98 Coursaris, Constantinos 103 Alexander, Jason 90 Bardel, William 30 Boll, Susanne 69 Castro, Luis A. 97 Coyle, Cheryl 83 Allen, Rebecca 58 Bardram, Jakob 41 Bonebright, Terri 98 Cater, Kirsten 100 Cramer, Henriette 97 Almirall-Hill, Magí 84 Barkhuus, Louise 43, 55 Booher, John 97 Catrambone, Richard 82 Crane, Elizabeth 43 Alpine, Paul Mac 69 Barron, Brigid 102 Booth, Kellogg S. 50, 68 Cawthon, Nick 91 Cranor, Lorrie 67 Alwin, Jenny 89 Barthelmess, Paulo 70 Borchers, Jan 52, 53, 72, 98 Cechanowicz, Jared 26, 84 Croft, Christian 69 Ames, Morgan G. 68 Baskinger, Mark 30 Boring, Ronald 52 Chadwick-Dias, Ann 94 Cross, Ernest II 102 Anderson, Richard 24, 53 Basnyat, Sandra 52 Borning, Alan 49 Chaki, Shuichi 101 Cuartielles, David 91 Anderson, Taylor J. 68 Bass, Len 23, 77 Boshernitsan, Marat 51 Chalecki, Jason 33 Cui, Jingyu 41 André, Paul 98 Bassoli, Arianna 69, 76 Bötschi, Kristina 54 Chapuis, Olivier 38, 41, 86 Cutrell, Edward 27, 39, 49 Andreasen, Morten Sieker 86 Bastéa-Forte, Marcello 101 Bowers, John 59 Chattratichart, Jarinee J. 27, 53, 86 Cypher, Allen 68 Aneja, Shweta 34 Batcheller, Archer L. 59 Bowman, Doug A. 27, 38 Chau, Duen Horng 55, 82 Czerwinski, Mary 34, 49, Antle, Alissa 102 Battle, Lisa 74 Boyden, Caroline 60 Chaudhri, Vinay K. 91 68, 83 Anttila, Akseli 42 Baudisch, Patrick 4, 26, 32, Brandt, Joel 100 Chavan, Apala Lahiri 68 Ao, Xiang 41 35, 38, 39, 48, 55, 66, 82, Brandtzæg, Petter Bae 99 84, 88 Chen, Fang 100 D Aoki, Paul M. 26, 57 Brewer, Johanna 76 Bauer, Aaron 27, 69 Chen, Jen-hao 100 Dahlbäck, Nils 89 Brewster, Stephen 37, 55, Appert, Caroline 75, 86 Dai, Guozhong 41 Baumann, Stephan 69 100, 101 Cheng, Nikko 55 Apted, Trent 98 Danis, Catalina 4, 27, 51, Baumer, Eric 55, 69 Brezin, Jonathan 42 Chennupati, Balakrishna 97 Ardito, Carmelo 102 74, 98 Baumgärtner, Sebastian 103 Broll, Wolfgang 82 Cherian, Sajeev 101 Arent, Michael 49 Dantcheva, Antitza 34 Beale, Russell 89 Brown, Barry 4, 43 Cherubini, Mauro 51 Armstrong, Meg 37 Dascalu, Sergiu 102 Beaudouin-Lafon, Michel 25, Brown, Lorna 37 Chetty, Marshini 83, 103 Armstrong, Susan 70 58, 75, 84, 86 Davis, Hugh 101 Brownholtz, Beth 101 Chi, Ed H. 50, 54, 73 Arnott, John L. 40 Beck, Christian 98, 103 Dawe, Melissa 98 Brumby, Duncan P. 39 Chi, Pei-Yu 100 Arriaga, Rosa I. 83 Becvar, Amaya 98 De Angeli, Antonella 42 Brush, A. J. Bernheim 50, 68 Chignell, Mark 84 Arvind, Ashok 98, 103 Bellamy, Rachel 42, 104 de la Chica, Sebastian 98 Buchanan, George 37 Chiu, Jane 71 Ashley, Jeremy 4, 53, 70, 84 Bellotti, Victoria 49 De Nood, Christiaan 104 Buckhalter, Celeste 99 Cho, Il-Yeon 102 Ashok, Arvind 98, 103 Belt, Sara 69 Dearden, Andy 99 Bunt, Andrea 33 Cho, Sung-Jung 35 Astakhov, Adim 56 Bennett, William E. 70 Degler, Duane 74 Burnett, Gary 87 Chohan, Faraz 37 Astakhova, Tamara 56 Bentley, Frank 83 DeLine, Rob 51 Burnett, Margaret 4, 51, 59 Choi, Eric 100 Astbrink, Gunela 67 Bergel, Marguerite 94 Deller, Matthias 103 Busse, Daniela 84 Choi, Changkyu 35 Atterer, Richard 27, 83 Bergstrom, Tony 1043 Demmans, Carrie 104 Butler, Keith A. 30, 58 Chorianopoulos, Augustin, Sally 27, 58 Berkun, Scott 4, 88 Konstantinos 99 Demosthenous, Catherine 67 Buxton, Bill 37 Avrahami, Daniel 33 Bernhaupt, Regina 52, 101 Christensen, James 70 Devanathan, Varun 71 Byrne, Michael D. 38 Bernstein, Michael 103 Christou, Georgios 98 Dey, Anind K. 33, 74 Best, Michael 99 Chu, Hao-hua 100 Diaz, Vincent 98 Betrancourt, Mireille 70 Chung, Hyemin 100 Dickinson, Anna 40 Bevan, Nigel 44 DiGiano, Chris 99

CHI 2007 | San Jose, California, USA | 111 Index

Ding, Jiarong 83 Fitzmaurice, George 99 Good, Nathaniel S. 41, 54 Hansen, Derek 36 Hourcade, Juan Pablo 42, 102 Ding, Xianghua 70, 98 Fjeld, Morten 54 Goodman, Elizabeth 51, 88 Harada, Susumu 99 Houssian, Aaron 98 DiSalvo, Carl 75, 99 Flanagan, Mary 26, 38 Goodwin, Kim 45 Harden, Vanessa 91 Hovestadt, Ludger 52 Dix, Alan 88 Fogarty, James 33, 37 Goolkasian, Paula 27, 89 Harding, Chris 98 Howes, Andrew 26, 39 Dixon, Morgan 83 Fogg, Andrew 26, 34 Graham, Susan L. 51 Hargraves, Ian 86 Hu, Jiang 83 Do, Ellen Yi-Luen 104 Foley, Jim 17, 65, 66, 2 Grandhi, Sukeshini 100 Harmon, Ellie 87 Huang, Elaine 104 Dobrosielski, John 97 Foong, Pin Sym 98 Grasset, Raphael 69 Harper, Richard 34, 37 Hudson, Scott E. 33, 37, 40 Donath, Judith 91 Foremski, Tom 90 Gray, Tiffany 97 Harrison, Steve 33, 55, 58 Hudson, William 77 Dong, Jianming 61 Forlines, Clifton 38, 50, 55 Gray, Wayne 103 Harry, Drew 91 Hughes, Stephen 35 Douglas, Robert 101 Forlizzi, Jodi 38, 54 Grechenig, Thomas 101 Hartmann, Bjoern 26, 37, 51 Huh, Jina 33, 101, 104 Dourish, Paul 26, 71 Forssell, Karin 102 Greco, Lucy 60 Hartmann, Jan 42 Hull, Richard 100 Dow, Steven 87 Fortin, Nate 45 Green, Collin 51 Harvey, Richard 89 Hundhausen, Christopher 102 Dragicevic, Pierre 84, 90 Foucault, Brooke 27, 58, 89 Greenberg, Saul 25, 38, 55 Hasbrouck, Jay 49 Hurst, Amy 40 Dray, Susan M. 39, 62, 99 Frankel, James L. 71 Greenblatt, Dan 69, 99 Hayes, Gillian R. 83, 90 Huse, Adam 98 Drews, Clemens 68, 76 Fraser, Mike 82 Greene, Kristen K. 38 Haynes, Steven R. 75, 99 Hussmann, Heinrich 87 Du, Qixing 54 Frauenberger, Christopher 97 Grinter, Rebecca E. 26, 104 He, Jibo 54 Hutchful, David 97 Du, Yangzhou 41 Fredriksson, Jonas 54 Gross, Ben 104 Hearst, Marti A. 51, 78, 99 Hutchings, Dugald 38 Duca, Florin 54 Freier, Nathan 98 Gross, Joshua 98 Heath, Christian 87 Hutchings, Robin 100 Ducheneaut, Nicolas 27, 59 Friedman, Batya 15, 49, 104 Grossklags, Jens 54 Hebron, Ron 58 Duesner, Andreas 69 Friess, Erin 97 Grossman, Tovi 34, 41, 50, Heer, Jeffrey 37, 70 I Dugan, Casey 101 Froehlich, Peter 34 90 Heffelaar, Tobias 93 Ichimaru, Toshiaki 100 Dunne, Lucy E 40 Frøkjær, Erik 99 Grubb, Jonathan 67 Henderson, Austin 25, 33 Iden, Rebecca 83 Durrant, Abigail 99 Fuhr, Claudia 52 Grude, Amy 97 Henninger, Scott 74 Igoe, Tom 4, 69, 88, 91 Dworman, Garett 84, 90 Fujiki, Yuichi 104 Grudin, Jonathan 30, 45, Henze, Niels 69 IJsselsteijn, Wijnand 104 49, 94 Dykstra-Erickson, Elizabeth 76 Fukumoto, Masaaki 100 Herbsleb, Jim 30 Illowsky, Rebecca 83 Gruen, Daniel M. 27, 69 Furlong, Michele 67 Herder, Eelco 27, 54 Ilmonen, Tommi 76 Guan, Zhiwei 27, 49, 99 E Fussell, Susan R. 40, 49, 101 Herling, Jan 82 Inkpen, Kori M. 4, 26, 35, 37, Guiard, Yves 41, 86 Ebert, Achim 103 Hernández, Yazmín R. López 98 42, 76 Guimbretiere, Francois 83 Eckles, Dean 41 G Herrmann, Tobias 53 Inverso, Samuel A. 58 Guitton, Pascal 38 Edwards, W. Keith 41, 59 Galicia, Leonardo 97 Heuten, Wilko 69 Iqbal, Shamsi T. 57 Gukeisen, Martha 97 Eftring, Håkan 100 Garcia, Carmen 97 Hill, Robin L. 40 Irani, Pourang 26, 33, 84, 104 Gupta, Priyanka 102 Egelman, Serge 99 Garcia, Olga 42 Hilligoss, Brian 59 Isbister, Katherine 99 Gupta, Rahul 90 Ejdestig, Martin 54 Garreta-Domingo, Muriel 84 Hinckley, Ken 39, 83 Ishak, Edward 100 Gustafson, Sean 104 el Kaliouby, Rana 90 Gathman, E. Cabell 33 Hindmarsh, Jon 87 Ishii, Hiroshi 25, 35, 53, 54, Gutwin, Carl 26, 33, 55, 59, 57, 99 Ellis, Jason B. 27, 51 Gaver, William 59 Hirose, Michitaka 103 70, 76 Ivaturi, Subbarao 58, 84, Hirshfield, Leanne 103 Ellison, Nicole 27, 50 Gay, Geri 104 Gwizdka, Jacek 45 88, 90 Hockenberry, Matthew 61 Elmore, Brenton 88 Geerts, David 99 Gylseth, Marius 97 Izadi, Shahram 74 Epps, Julien 101 Gerber, Elizabeth 71 Hodges, Larry 27, 89 Erdmann, Candice 70 Gergle, Darren 27, 89 H Hodges, Steve 26, 34 J Erickson, Thomas 33, 42, 70, Geyer, Werner 101 Hoffmann, Cristina 101 Haans, Antal 104 Jacko, Julie A. 86 98, 104 Ghellal, Sabiha 82 Hoggan, Eve 100 Haber, Eben 68 Jacob, Robert J. K. 24, 26, Esposito, Chris 58 Holleis, Paul 87, 102 Giaccardi, Elisa 99 Hachet, Martin 38 30, 35, 41, 98, 103 Euchner, James 33 Holman, David 97 Gibbs, Martin 90 Haciahmetoglu, Yonca 35 Jacucci, Giulio 76 Evans, John 76 Holmquist, Lars Erik 4, 35, Gillette, Daniel 90 Hafner, Carole 101 James, Janice 4, 61, 91 Evenson, Shelley 54 58, 72, 88, 99 Girardin, Fabien 97 Häkkilä, Jonna 69 Jameson, Anthony 93 Everett, Sarah P. 38 Holtzblatt, Karen 23, 44, 78 Girgensohn, Andreas 74 Häkkinen, Ville 59 Jamsri, Pornsuree 98 Hong, Jason I. 67, 86, 103 Girouard, Audrey 103 Halverson, Tim 49 Jansen, Bernard 100 F Höök, Kristina 99 Glancy, Maxine 75 Hämäläinen, Perttu 59 Janssen, Torben 101 Feiner, Steven 27, 40, 100 Horn, Michael 35, 103 Gluck, Jennifer 33 Hamilton, Kevin 99 Jefferson, Luke 89 Fekete, Jean-Daniel 86 Hornbæk, Kasper 26, 55, 82 Golbeck, Jennifer 104 Hamilton, Stuart 88 Jeffries, Robin 25, 76, 86 Finkle, Mark 88 Hornick, Bryant 69 Golden, Elspeth 77 Hamnes, Kari 51 Jensen, Carlos 67 Fischer, Gerhard 23, 98, 99 Hornof, Anthony J. 49 Gomez, Gloria 53 Hancock, Jeffrey T. 50, 68 Jensen, Scott 97 Fisher, Danyel 76 Horvitz, Eric 57 Gong, Jun 101 Hancock, Mark 27, 74 Jing, Feng 54

112 | Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Index

John, Bonnie E. 25, 50,77, Kildal, Johan 100 Lau, Tessa 68, 76 M Merrill, David 103 91, 100 Kim, Dan 103 Law, Effie Lai-Chong 26, 55 MacIntyre, Blair 87 Meschkat, Steffen 93 Johnsen, Kyle 71 Kim, Grace 88 Laws, Nathaniel 100 Mackay, Wendy E. 41, 86 Metcalf, Crysta 83, 104 Johnson, Chris 52 Kim, Ji-Eun 102 Leah, Maestri 75 MacKenzie, Scott 78, 101 Meyers, Brian R. 68 Johnson, Peter 52 Kim, Yeun-Bae 35 Leahu, Lucian 56 MacLean, Karon E. 68 Michel, Thomas 41 Johnston, Erik 76 Kindberg, Timothy 75 LeClerc, Vincent 53 Madison, Poon 75 Millen, David R. 27, 69, 101 Joinson, Adam 50 King, Jen 99 Lee, Brian 102 Maes, Pattie 58 Miller, Andrew 41 Jokela, Timo 99 King, Simon 41 Lee, Dong-Woo 102 Magnusson, Charlotte 100 Miller, Craig 100 Jones, Eric 100 Kirk, David 34, 70, 74 Lee, Eric 53, 98 Mahlke, Sascha S. 67 Miller, Justin 53 Jones, Lauretta 104 Kirschner, Bryan 39 Lee, Geehyuk 102 Mahmud, Murni 100 Miller, Robert C. 4, 76, 99 Jones, M. Cameron 60 Kittur, Aniket 50, 73 Lee, Junwoo 104 Mak, Clarissa 34 Minardo, Katie 34 Jones, Matt 25, 37, 79, 99 Klann, Markus 97 Lee, Seung Eun 102 Mäkelä, Kaj 69 Mirlacher, Thomas 101 Jones, Quentin 100 Klasnja, Ana 43 Lee, Wai On 72 Maki, Jeff 75 Mishra, Sunil 91 Jones, William 45, 49 Klasnja, Predrag 104 Lee, Kwanghyeon 35 Malatack, Patrick 103 Mittal, Manas 26, 37 Jouhtio, Mikko 59 Klemmer, Scott R. 26, 37, 57, Leimeister, Jan Marco 36 Manabe, Hiroyuki 100 Mittleman, Josh 93 Juchli, Patrick 54 100, 102 Lemmelä, Saija-Maaria 103 Mankoff, Jennifer 37, 40, 49 Moggridge, Bill 2, 31, 32, Jumptertz, Sylvie 101 Kleymeer, Pieter 97 37, 47 Leplatre, Gregory 67 Manstetten, Dietrich 40 Ju, Wendy 102 Klug, Tobias 104 Mohnkern, Ken 86 Letondal, Catherine 41 Marchionini, Gary 67, 99 Jung, Björn 69 Knight, Andrea 51 Molich, Rolf 39, 78, 79, 82, 94 Levialdi, Stefano 88 Marino, Dominic 27, 40 Jung, Younghee 42 Ko, Andrew J. 51, 59 Moncur, Wendy 67, 98 Levine, James 104 Markley, Daniel 39 Koedinger, Kenneth R. 27, 69 Moore, Johanna D. 83 Levy, Stephen 70 Marotta, Michael 103 K Kolko, Jon 4, 54, 67, 76 Moore, Robert J. 27, 33, 59 Li, Jason 83 Marquet, Bernard 101 Kahana, Gil 75 Kolojejchick, Jake 57 Mor, Enric 84 Li, Meng 97 Marsden, Gary 217, 25, 47, Kaiser, Edward C 70 Költringer, Thomas 101 Li, Yang 40 48, 79 Mora, Fernando David Sernas 98 Kalnikaite, Vaiva 26, 34 Komatsu, Takanori 103 Liccardi, Ilaria 101 Marti, Stefan 35 Moran, Thomas P. 25, 101 Kam, Matthew 71 Kong, Nicholas 50 Lievesley, Matthew A. 76 Martin, Caitlin 102 Moraveji, Neema 53, 83 Kandogan, Eser 68 Konstan, Joseph A. 54, 67 Light, Ann 99 Martin, Karen 76 Moroney, William F. 68 Kang, Sin-Hwa 98 Korhonen, Hannu J. 103 Like, Liu 53 Martin, Nathan 75 Kaplan, Jonathan 100 Kotval, Xerxes 83 Morris, John ‘Scooter’ 4, 25, Lim, Seung Chan 91 Mateas, Michael 87 69, 88 Karahalias, Karrie 104 Kramer, Adam 104 Lim, Youn-Kyung 34, 99 Mathew, Anijo 37, 104 Morris, Shane 94, 95 Karger, David 103 Kratz, Sven 52 Lin, James 68, 76 Matsumoto, Takayuki 34 Morse, Joshua 98 Karmin, Lynne Brotman 72 Kraut, Robert E. 25, 27, 59, Lin, Liang-Cheng 72 Mayer, Matthias 27, 54 67, 89 Mueller, Florian ‘Floyd’ 52, Kato, Hiroshi 100 Lind, D. Scott 71 McAllister, Graham 89, 103 88, 90, 99, 103 Krishnan, Gaurishankar 99 Kattinakere, Ragu 41 Lindblad, Aleksi 59 McCarthy, Michael R. 82 Mukawa, Naoki 104 Kaufman, David 36 Kristensson, Per Ola 51, 74, 90 Lindgaard, Gitte G. 27, 86 McCrickard, Scott 4, 40 Muller, Michael J. 4, 27, 58, Kawashima, Michie 74 69, 76, 101 Krum, David M. 40 Lindt, Irma 82 McDonald, David 38 Kay, Judy 98, 104 Mulligan, Deirdre K. 54 Kuber, Ravi 89, 103 Lisowska, Agnes 70 McGarry, Robert 97 Kaye, Joseph ‘Jofish’ 42, 43, Little, Greg 68 McGinn, Jennifer 50 Munson, Sean 97 59, 85, 90, 97 Kumar, Manu 35, 49, 101 Liu, Alan L. 40 McGookin, David 101 Murata, Yusuke 72 Kazakos, Kostas 104 Kumaraguru, Ponnurangam 67 Liu, Sophia B. 57 McGrenere, Joanna 33, 42 Murphy, Emma 103 Kellar, Melanie 26, 42 Kuno, Yoshinori 74 Ljungblad, Sara 58 McGuire, Robert 86 Murray, Dianne 75 Kelleher, Caitlin 86 Kuribayashi, Satoshi 103 Lok, Benjamin 71 McMillian, Yolanda 102 Murray-Smith, Roderick 35, Kellogg, Wendy A. 4, 26, 27, Kurniawan, Sri H. 99, 100, 102 52, 75, 99 Lotan, Gilad 69 Meads, Jon 45 42, 51, 68, 70, 104 Kuzuoka, Hideaki 74, 103 Myers, Brad A. 55, 59, 82 Louis, Sushil 102 Medhi, Indrani 73 Kern, Dagmar 102 Mytkowicz, Todd 73 Lucas, Bill 4, 57, 76, 90 Kerne, Andruid 57 L Medynskiy, Yevgeniy ‘Eugene’ Lucas, Peter 57, 91 104 Kerridge, Tobie 59 Laaksolahti, Jarmo 85 N Ludford, Pamela J. 75 Mehta, Manish 87 Khalayli, Nina 51 Laitinen, Toni 59 Naaman, Mor 41, 68 Luff, Paul 87 Meitner, Michael J. 68 Kheir, Omar 42 Lampe, Cliff 4, 50, 76 Naimark, Michael 88 Luon, Yarun 98 Melamed, Tom 100 Kiel, Henning 98 Landgren, Jonas 83 Nainwal, Satyendra 98 Lyons, Kent 37 Mellis, David 91 Kientz, Julie A. 83 Landrigan, Chris 68 Nair, Rahul 41, 99 Lyons, Leilah 97 Memon, Faraz 72 Kieras, David 30, 58 Lank, Edward 55 Manuel, Roberto Mendoza 98 Nakagawa, Takeshi 34 Kiesler, Sara 25, 34, 67, Lanzilotti, Rosa 102 Mentis, Helena M. 4, 89, 99 Nakakoji, Kumiyo 4, 72, 99 86, 101 LaRosa, Mark 34

CHI 2007 | San Jose, California, USA | 113 Index

Nam, Kevin 59 Parikh, Tapan S. 53 Rajman, Martin 70 S Shneiderman, Ben 2, 25, 48, 88 Nass, Clifford I. 40, 83, 89 Park, Junseok 100 Ramachandran, Divya 71 Saab, David J. 99 Shoemaker, Garth 70 Nathan, Lisa 104 Parkes, Amanda 53 Ramalingam, Shruti 98 Sadazuka, Kazuhisa 74 Sicconi, Roberto 40 Neal, Lisa 36 Patel, Shwetak N. 83 Ramey, Judith 84, 99 Sakamoto, Yusuke 103 Siegel, David A. 39, 62, 79 Nelson, Les 86, 101 Patten, James 54 Ramos, Gonzalo 4, 32, 48, Salovaara, Antti 72, 76 58, 66, 75, 82, 84 Silver, Courtney 68 Nenonen, Ville 59 Pausch, Randy 86 Salvucci, Dario D. 26, 39 Ranjan, Abhishek 74 Simmons, Isaac 86 Newell, Alan F. 40 Pavlidis, Ioannis 104 Sambasivan, Nithya 99 Rantanen, Esa 75 Simon, Rainer 99 Nguyen, David 26, 87 Pawar, Udai S. 90 Sammon, Mike 72 Raskin, Aza 90 Simpson, Nigel 100 Nhan, Anna 97 Pederson, Claudia 56 Sampson Eves, Shauna 53 Rassmus-Gröhn, Kirsten 100 Sinclair, Mike 35 Nichols, Jeffrey 82 Pederson, Thomas 102 Sanders, Brian 56 Rattenbury, Tye 57 Singh, Supriya 67 Nickell, Eric 27, 33, 59 Peebles, Ed 72 Santos, Paulo 83 Redström, Johan 54 Singh, Vikash 104 Nielsen, Henrik Villemann 86 Pendleton, Bryan A. 50, 73 Sarin, Raman 39 Reichl, Peter 34 Slavik, Pavel 100 Nieters, James 53, 58, 84, 90 Pérez-Quiñones, Sato, Keichi 99 Manuel A. 100 Reilly, Derek 35 Slayden Mitchell, April 26, 67 Nissenbaum, Helen 26, 38 Schatz, Raimund 34 Pérez, Emmanuel Aquino 98 Reily, Ken 75 Smalley, Preston 78 Nobles, Kathryn 102 Schedlbauer, Martin 103 Perry, Keith 42, 102 Reiners, Rene 72 Smith, Barton A. 101 Noldus, Lucas P.J.J. 93 Schiano, Diane 67 Perugini, Saverio 68 Reiter, Ehud 98 Smith, Daniel 98 North, Chris 27, 35, 38, 49 Schiele, Bernt 87 Peter, Christian 43 Ren, Yuqing 67 Smith, Greg 83 Nulden, Urban 83 Schleyer, Titus 102 Peters, Matthew R. 99 Resnick, Paul 49, 76 Smith, Mark 76 Nunge, Elizabeth 67 Schmidt, Albrecht 27, 83, Nuur, Mohamed 102 Petrie, Helen 42 Rey-Babarro, Marta 4, 59 87, 102 Smith, Michael J. 40 Nyhus, Silja 51 Pettitt, Michael 87 Rhee, Yong 67 Scholl, Matthew 97 Smith, Phillip 82 Pfeil, Ulrike 68 Richards, John 42 Scholtz, Jean 4, 44 Smyth, Barry 40 O Phanichphant, Purin 103 Richardson, Jahmeilah 83 schraefel, m c 75, 99, 103 Sohn, Misook 104 Oakley, Ian 100 Pierce, Jeffrey S. 68 Rickertsen, Kathryn 26, 33 Schroder, Simon Ormholt 86 Solovey, Erin 103 Oakley, Kate 36 Pietriga, Emmanuel 75 Riegelsberger, Jens 56 Schroeder, Ulrik 41 Son, Yong-Ki 102 Obendorf, Hartmut 27, 54 Pinelle, David 26, 33 Righi, Carol 4, 61, 91 Schuler, Richard 100 Song, Yaxiao 67 O’Brien, Shannon 52, 103 Pirolli, Peter 25, 60, 100 Ritter, Frank E. 98 Schulman, Daniel 103 Spaulding, Aaron 91 Obrist, Marianna 99 Pitt, Jeremy 50 Rivadeneira, A. W. 69 Schusteritsch, Rudy 34 Spool, Jared M. 49, 60, 61 Odom, William 97 Pobiner, Scott 37 Roberts, Joi 99 Schwartzman, Yael 53 Sporka, Adam J. 99, 100 Oh, Lui Min 40 Poblano, Raul-David V. 91 Robertson, George G. 83 Scott, Josephine 82 St. Amant, Robert 26, 76, 87 O’Hara, Kenton 26, 67, 75 Poltrock, Steven 45 Robinson, Peter 98 Scupelli, Peter 101 Stach, Tadeusz 26, 33 Ohlenburg, Jan 82 Posner, Ilona 4, 68 Rodden, Kerry 104 Seager, Will P.J. 58 Stage, Jan 86 Ohno, Takehiko 101 Pouderoux, Joachim 38 Rodden, Tom 4, 15, 49, 70 Seay, A. Fleming 59 Ståhl, Anna 85 O’Kelley, Patrick 83 Prasad, K. Venkatesh 40 Rode, Jennifer A. 43 Seichter, Hartmut 69 Stanfield, Scott 88 Olson, Gary M. 25, 30 Prevas, Gus 91 Roedl, David 98 Seligmann, Doree 72 Stanton-Fraser, Danae 58, 70 Olson, Judith 25, 101 Price, Greg 103 Rogers, Yvonne 72 Selker, Ted 36, 100 Starner, Thad 37 O’Modhrain, Sile 52 Priedhorsky, Reid 75 Rose, David 57 Sellen, Abigail 26, 34, 74 Starren, Justin 104 Onesti, Nina 97 Provino, Joe 100 Rose, Emma 99 Sengers, Phoebe 26, 33, 43, Stasko, John 38, 82 Oren, Michael 98 Pruitt, John 94 Rosé, Carolyn P. 40, 89 49, 55, 56, 59, 71, 88, 89 Steinfield, Charles 50 Osawa, Noritaka 101 Pyla, Pardha 100 Rosenbaum, Rhonda 42 Setlur, Vidya 41 Stevens, Alan 87 Otto, Friederike 87 Pyo, Seyoung 102 Rosenbaum, Stephanie 84, 99 Shaer, Orit 103 Stevens, Amy 71 Ou, Jiazhi 40 Pyrzak, Guy 51 Ross, Blake 90 Shah, Tej 103 Stolen, Martin 97 Oulasvirta, Antti 72, 76 Rosson, Mary Beth 2, 4, Shaikh, A. Dawn 87 Stolterman, Erik 87, 99 17, 98 Ozawa, Shinji 101 Q Shami, N. Sadat 43 Strachan, Steven 52, 75 Quagliara, Nick 98 Rother, Carsten 26, 34 Sharma, Anju 69 Strain, Philip 87, 103 P Quiroz, Juan 102 Roussel, Nicolas 38, 41 Sharma, Nikhil 97 Strenk, Judith 41 Roussos, George 99 Strickland, Dorothy 90 Pace, Tyler 98 Shaukat, Muneeb 82 Rowbotham, Julie 75 Struppek, Mirjam 99 Pacheco, John 91 R Shehan, Erika 59, 99 Royer, David 97 Stubblefield, William 72 Paepcke, Andreas 49, 101 Rader, Emilee 59 Shen, Chia 38, 50, 53, 55 Ruiz, Jaime 55 Subramanian, Sriram 26, 41, Pal, Joyojeet 90 Raffle, Hayes 103 Shi, Yu 100 Ruiz, Natalie 100 84, 104 Palanque, Philippe 52 Ragouzis, Nick 99 Shilman, Michael 39 Ryan, Betts 75 Sue, Alison 76 Palay, Joshua 98 Raij, Andrew 71 Shim, Jaewon 102 Ryokai, Kimiko 35 Suh, Bongwon 50, 73 Palen, Leysia 57 Rajan, A.R.D. 53 Shipman, Frank 74

114 | Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Index

Sukumaran, Byju 75 Tsukada, Koji 100, 101 Wash, Rick 97 X Sumari, Lauri 72 Tsunoda, Fuminori 34 Wasser, Michael M. 104 Xech, Pierre-Louis 37 Sumner, Tamara 98 Tuddenham, Philip 98 Watanabe, Keita 100 Xiao, Jun 82 Sung, Younghoon 35 Tullio, Joe 33 Watson, Secil 53 Xiao, Rong 41 Sunwoo, John 102 Tullis, Tom 94 Watt, James 98 Sussman, Jeremy 70 Turnbull, Don 102 Wattenberg, Martin 70 Y Sutcliffe, Alistair 42 Turner, Thea 74 Watters, Carolyn 26, 42 Yamada, Seiji 103 Suzuki, Hideyuki 100 Twidale, Michael B. 60, Wei, Lo Ping 104 Yamashita, Jun 100, 103 Swart, Cal 42 71, 99 Wei, Carolyn Y. 34 Yamazaki, Akiko 74 Swindells, Colin 68 Tyndiuk, Florence 38 Weinreich, Harald 27, 54 Yamazaki, Keiichi 74 Weiss, Noah 100 Yang, Jie 40 U Weiss, Patrice 90 T Yankelovich, Nicole 100 Uldall-Espersen, Tobias 99 Weisz, Justin D. 67 Tabard, Aurélien 41 Yasumura, Michiaki 100 Ulinski, Amy 27, 89 Welles, Devon 89 Taib, Ronnie 100 Yau, Man Lok 69 Ullman, Adam 104 Wen, Fang 41 Takemae, Yoshinao 101 Ye, Yunwen 99 Ullmer, Brygg 99 White, Ryen W. 99 Tan, Chui Chui 89 Yee, Joyce S R 76 Urban, Richard J. 60 White, Sean 27, 40 Tan, Desney S. 39, 68, 73 Yee, Nicholas 26, 27, 33, 59 Utsunomiya, Mariko 34 White, Su 101 Tanaka, Hiroya 72, 103 Yehuda, Hanna 50 Whittaker, Steve 26, 34, 68 Tang, Charlotte 38 Yen, Corina 101 V Wiedenbeck, Susan 59 Tang, John C. 68, 76, 82 Yoda, Ikuo 101 Vallgårda, Anna 54 Wigdor, Daniel 50, 55 Tang, Xiaoou 41 Yost, Beth 35 Van, Michaela Ngo 101 Wilcox, Eric 101 Tann, Martin 52 Yu, Eugen 52 Tarasewich, Peter 101 van der Mast, Charles 4, Wilcox, Lynn 74 53, 88 Yu, Wai 89, 103 Tatar, Deborah 4, 15, 55, 71 Wilfinger, David 101 Van House, Nancy 104 Yuasa, Masahide 104 Taylor, Alex 42 Williamson, John 35, 75 Van Kleek, Max 102 Yun, Sumi 102 Teo, Leonghwee 100 Willis, Katharine S. 99 Vande Moere, Andrew 91 Yurcik, William 75 Terrenghi, Lucia 74 Wilson, Andrew 35 Vasalou, Asimina 50, 56 Terum, Tone 51 Wilson, Max 98 Vaucelle, Cati 104 Z Terveen, Loren 75 Winograd, Terry 25, 26, 35, Vaughn, Heather 83 Zanbaka, Catherine 27, 89 Tewari, Anuj 71 37, 49, 76, 87, 101 Vaughn, Misha 59 Zaphiris, Panayiotis 68 Thomas, John C. 42, 71, Winterboer, Andi 83 Zhai, Shumin 51, 58, 74, 99, 104 Veen, Jeff 67 Wisniowski, Martin 69 87, 90 Thompson, Ramona S. 75 Veksler, Vladislav 103 Witt, Hendrik 101 Zhang, Haiyan 51 Thompson, Robert 97 Venkatacharya, Patañjali S. 33 Wittkämper, Michael 82 Zhang, Hui 67 Thom-Santelli, Jennifer Venolia, Gina 51, 68 Wixon, Dennis 4, 83 Zhang, Jiajie 58 56, 104 Vertesi, Janet 26, 71, 99 Wobbrock, Jacob O. 55 Zhang, Lei 54 Thomson, Darren 97 Viégas, Fernanda B. 70 Wolf, Marius 53 Zhang, Mimi 100 Thorogood, Alex 52, 103 Viemeister, Tucker 70 Wolf, Tracee Vetting 70, 99 Zhang, Qiping 99 Thüring, Manfred M. 67 Voegtli, Benedikt 54 Wong, Jeffrey 40, 86 Zhang, Ying 100 Thyvalikakath, Thankam 103 Vogel, Daniel 26, 55 Wood, Ken 26, 34 Zhao, Shendong 39 Tian, Feng 41 vom Lehn, Dirk 876 Wood, Larry 61 Zhou, Xiaomu 59 Tian, Yuandong 41 Voong, Michael 89 Wood, Shelley 61 Ziefle, Martina 41 Titus, Jon 104 Vorbau, Alex 26, 67 Wood, Tim 70 Zigelbaum, Jamie 103 Toma, Catalina 27, 50 Woodruff, Allison 27, 49, 58 Zimmerman, John 54, 83, 86 Tomasic, Anthony 86 W Woolf, Suze 83 Zimmerman, Silvia 68 Tomlinson, Bill 55, 69 Wahid, Shahtab 27, 51 Wu, Fei 76 Zinman, Aaron 91 Toups, Zachary O. 57 Wakkary, Ron 75 Wu, Shu-Chieh 100 Zorman, Lorna 51 Toyama, Kentaro 73, 90 Wall, Steven A. 4, 68 Wyche, Susan P. 42, 104 Zuber, Mark 39 Travis, Kirton 75 Walter, Sarah 102 Tsandilas, Theophanis 75 Walz, Steffen 52 Tscheligi, Manfred 74, Wang, Hongan 41 99, 101 Wang, Qianying 89 Tse, Edward 38 Wang, Shuo 54 Tsujita, Hitomi 101

CHI 2007 | San Jose, California, USA | 115 inside back cover conference on human factors in computing systems

San Jose, California, USA April 28–May 3, 2007

Conference Program