CONTENTS

SL NO CHAPTERS 1.0 GENERAL 2.0 LOCATION AND ACCESSIBILITY 3.0 TOPOGRAPHY AND GEOLOGY 4.0 ESTIMATION OF RESERVE 5.0 DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTION PROGRAMME 6.0 RECLAMATION 7.0 STRATEGY FOR PROTECTION OF RIVER COURSE, NALAS, WATER TANK, VILLAGES,IMPORTANT MONUMENTS, IF ANY 8.0 ANY OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION

Plates:-

1.0 GENERAL a Name of the Applicant Shri Sarvan Thakur, Surpanch, Gram Panchayat, Girhola

Address Village:Girhola, Tehsil: Charama

District U.B. Pin Code 494337 Phone Gram/Telex b Status of the applicant Gram Panchayat , Girhola c Mineral to be mined Ordinary sand d Period for which mining lease is As per the sand policy of granted/renewed/proposed to be Chhattisgarh state the area is applied notified for sand mining by collector Kanker notification. e Name of the RQP preparing the plan Mining Inspector, Kanker

Address Khanij Shakha, Collectorate Kanker, C G Phone Fax Gram/Telex E mail

2.0 LOCATION AND ACCESSIBILITY a Details of the area (with location map) District and state Kanker Chhattisgarh

Tahsil Kanker Village Girhola Khasra nos 134 Lease area (ha) 2.0 ha

Whether the lease area is recorded No to be in forest ( protected or reserved) Ownership/occupancy Government land (Bhujal)

Existence of public road/railway The mine is connected to Village Tar line if any nearby and approximate road via a 150m long Kachcha road. The distance) village Girhola is connected to NH –43 at 1 km long Tar road. Toposheet no. 64 H/7 Latitude and longitude Corner Latitude Longitude A 20°29'40.31"N 81°29'29.47"E B 20°29'40.06"N 81°29'30.72"E C 20°29'34.31"N 81°29'31.63"E D 20°29'27.78"N 81°29'34.88"E E 20°29'27.51"N 81°29'32.80"E F 20°29'34.46"N 81°29'30.00"E

Land use pattern (forest, agriculture, grazing,Government revenue land, Bhujal barren etc) General location and vicinity map (1:5000)

3.0 TOPOGRAPHY AND GEOLOGY 3.1 Topography: The notified area for sand mining in favour of Gram panchayat Girhola is located in part of Maini River, which pre dominatly flows in the granitic terrain having a flat-floored wide valley. Such rivers generally have shallow and gradual incision. The Maini River exibited maximum incision up to 5m and flowing from SSE to NNW with river meanders and braiding are major regional topographic features that represents gentle slope due NNW. The proposed sand mining is located in the river bed of river Maini. The topography of the notified area is almost flat. Notified Sand mine area is geologically situated in the bed of Maini River in Kanker district predominantly comprising older granites, exposed forming bold and rugged topography represented by high hillocks and undulatatory terrain. Part of the area is peneplained, weathered and extensively occupied by the alluvial sandy soil cover ranging from 0 to 5m.

Notified sand mine area is geographically situated in the river bed of Maini. In eastern part of almost horizontally bedded Chhattisgarh basin comprised of the equivalent of dongargarh granite of Palaeo Proterozoic age. Rocks of dondargarh granite formation are forming bold and rugged and gently southerly dipping topography in east of the river. The dondargarh granite formation is almost horizontally bedded, weathered and extensively occupied by the alluvial soil cover ranging from almost 0.5 to 4 m. Sand is deposited annually during the monsoon, which is mostly derived from the older rocks exposed in southern parts of the area. Sand of the area doesn’t allow exploration and mining by the conventional methods, owing to the unconsolidated nature of the sand dominantly comprising fragments of quarts, feldspar. Therefore, the anticipated reserves can only be classified in Recognized Resources Category.

Dongargarh granite occurs as batholiths covering an area of about 8000Km2 in -Kanker-Bastar and disrtricts forming the central part of Bastar Province. The proposed sand mine in situated at the Maini River bed, which originated upstream terrain near Nagri-Sihawa. The River main River of Chhattisgarh. It has large catchment area and spread in over 30,000 km2. The river bed comprised of unconsolidated alluvial placer deposit of sand and bajari found along the river bed. The rock formations thrusting invasion of Mahanadi is within the dondargarh granite formation of the Chhattisgarh Super Group rocks of dondargarh granite formation are farming bold and nugged and gently NNW dipping topography in eastern part of the river. The dondargarh granite formation is almost horizontally bedded without significant exposurs. The formation around the area are weathered and extensively occupied by the alluvial soil cover noggin from almost 2 m. to 10 m. Based on the geology consideration thickness of the almost horizontally deposited sand along the Mahanadi River is likely to be over 5 m. The sand (0.1 to 2 mm) deposit is mostly without any waste and overburden material and mostly common unconsolidated angular to sub-angular and sub-rounded grains mainly of variety of quarts, feldspar and rarely iron oxide minerals, mica silt (<0.6 mm) grains. Sorted boulders (>25 cm.), Cobbles (6.4 cm to 25.6 cm.) pebbles (0.4 to 6.4 cm), gravels (0.2 to 0.4 cm) from angular to sub rounded makes essential part of the alluvial deposits, but at the surface generally sand and sorted bajari (gravels & pebbles) are seen.

REGIONAL GEOLOGY Regional geological succession established (GSI 2006) for the area is published which is as given below with little modification applicable to the sand mine area and surroundings (environ) under consideration. Regional Geological Succession (GSI 2006)

Period Formation Major Litho Units Quaternary Recent Generally fine to boulder sized sedimentary deposit of material of unconsolidated nature in the form of alluvium along current channels and flood plains. Very fine grained disintegrated alluvial soil deposits of the litho units. Sub-Recent Laterite Cretaceous Intrusive Basalt doleritic dykes are noted within the equivalent to basinal area Deccan Traps Intrusive of Basic and acidic dykes/sills various ages Meso to Chhattisgarh Gunderdehi Shale with Neoproterozic Super Group Group Formation intercalated of limestone and intra- formational conglomerate Charmuria Limestone Formation phosphetic, argillaceous chert and dolomite. Chandrapur Chandrapur Clastic rocks Group Formation comprising Gluconitic arenites, arkose gritty waks arenite and comglomerate. Paleoproterozoic Dongargarh Granitoids Granite and Equivalents Archaean Basement ------Not Seen ------

4.0 ESTIMATION OF RESERVE 4.1 Estimation of reserve:

Unlike other mineral deposits, sand deposits are not in-situ deposits. The deposition of sand takes place every year during monsoon. The amount of sand sediment deposition in a particular river stretch may vary year to year depending upon a number of factors like rain fall in the catchment area, bed slope, amount of sand excavated from that area etc. Also the thickness of the sand bed in a particular stretch of a river is not of uniform thickness. So the methods of reserve estimation generally used for estimation of other mineral deposit which are in situ deposits cannot be used to estimate the sand reserve. Sand deposition in the area is not of uniform thickness, the thickness of the sand bed varies from 4.0 m to 6.0 m. The water level in the proposed mining area goes up to 3.0-4.0 m below the general sand level in the area during summer. The reserve of sand in the proposed mine is estimated based on the following facts and assumptions: 1. The lease area is 2.0ha or 20000 m2. Average width of the river is 120 m, Average length of lease area is about 400 m, and average width of notified area is about 50 m. 2. Sand deposition in the area is not of uniform thickness, the thickness of the sand bed varies from 4.0 m to 6.0 m. In most of the area it is more than 5.0 m. So, the average thickness of sand bed is considered to be 5.0 m for reserve estimation. 3. Minable reserve is estimated after leaving a layer of 1.0 m along the river bed 4. As per distance certificate given by Mining office it seems that river bank to lease area is 10m.

Considering the above facts and assumptions, The present sand reserve in the lease area 20000 X 5 = 100000 m3 Minable reserve (av. thickness 2.0m) 20000 X 2 = 40000 m3

4.2 Annual Replenishment of Sand in the Lease Area:

As per the Ministry and Environment and Forest OM No. J-13012/12/2013-IA- 1I (I) dated 24.12.2013, the annual replenishment of the sand in the lease area should be sufficient to sustain the mining operation at level prescribed in the Mine plan.

The replenishment of sand depends mainly upon the catchment area of the river, annual rainfall in the catchment area erosion of rocks in the catchment area etc. The proposed area falls under the river bed of Maini River.

As stated earlier, the proposed area for sand mining falls under the river bed of river Mahanadi. It has a large catchment area. The average rain fall of the catchment area of the river varies from 4000-5000 mm. All these factors indicate that the annual sediments replenishment capacity of the Maini is good enough to sustain the proposed production.

4.3 Anticipated life of the mine:

As per the Chhattisgarh Minor Mineral Rules, 2015 There is no provision in the Chhattisgarh Gond Khanij Ret Ka Utkhanan and Vavsaya Viniyaman Nirdesh 2006 and said rules regarding grant of lease for a fixed period as in case of other mineral minerals.

As the quantity of sand that will be mined every year will get replenished every year during monsoon, the sand reserve will not get depleted.

5.0 DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTION PROGRAMME

5.1 Development:

The mine is a very small mine and does not require much development work. Only a ramp of mild gradient of 1 in 15 to 20 will be constructed from approach road at the river bank to approach the mine. The excavation of sand will be strictly carried out as per the restrictions imposed by Chhattisgarh Minor Mineral Rules 2015, Chhattisgarh Gond Khanij Ret Ka Utkhanan and Vavsaya Viniyaman Nirdesh 2006 and the additional conditions imposed by Govt. of Chhattisgarh vide Gazette notification dated 1.11.2013 and as the Ministry and Environment and Forest OM No. J- 13012/12/2013-IA-1I (I) dated 24.12.2013.

The Government of Chhattisgarh has imposed the following restrictions on river bed sand mining vide Gazette notification dated 1.11.2013:

1. Mining shall not be carried out within 100 m of any bridge/ National Highway/ State highway. 2. Mining shall not be carried out within 50 m of any natural water recourse, dam etc 3. Mining shall not be carried out within 3.0 from the banks of the river 4. Mining shall be carried out up to maximum 3.0 m depth or bed rock in the river The Ministry and Environment and Forest OM No. J-13012/12/2013-IA-1I (I) dated 24.12.2013 imposed the following restrictions on river bed mining. 1. The mining activity shall be done manually. 2. The depth of mining shall be restricted to 3m/water level, whichever is less. 3. For carrying out mining in proximity to any bridge and/or embankment, appropriate safety zone shall be worked out on case to case basis to the satisfaction of SEAC/SEIAA, taking into account the structural parameters, location aspects, flow rate etc., and no mining shall be carried out in the safety zone so worked out. 4. No in stream mining shall be allowed 5. In case of transportation by road, the transport vehicles will be covered with taurpoline to minimize dust/sand particle emissions.

5.2 Production Programme: As stated earlier, the sand deposition in the area is not of uniform thickness, the thickness of the sand bed varies from 4.0 m to 6.0 m. The water level in the proposed mining area goes up to 3.0- 4.0 m below the general sand level in the area during summer. It is proposed to skim the sand leaving a 2.0 m thick layer on river bed. To protect the in stream micro and macro flora, excavation will be restricted above water level which will not affect the turbidity of the water. In order to protect the natural permeability and porosity of the filter material due to compaction of filter zone of river bed, no heavy vehicles and machine will be used.

Skimming will be done manually in layers of 0.5 to 1.0 m. The loading of the sand will be done manually on tippers/ tractors. A ramp will be constructed and will be maintained to connect the approach road to the mining area.

Year Proposed Production of sand, m3/year 1st year 40000 2nd year 40000 3rd year 40000 4th year 40000 5th year 40000

Transportation Infrastructure: The sand is generally transported by the consumer in their own tractors, tippers/dumpers. The capacity of the dumpers generally used is 10 m3. The mining of sand is mostly carried out in 8 months from November to June. The mining will be carried out only during the day time i. e. from 8 am to 6.0 pm. The estimation of average requirement of dumper trips per day and per hour is given below: Details Sand Production/year 40000m3 No of working days in a year 8X30 240 days Av. Sand Production/day 40000/240 166.6 m3 Carrying capacity of dumper 10 m3 Av number of trips required/day 166.6/10 16.6 (17) No of working hours/ day 10 hrs Average no of trips/hour 17/10 1.7

The mine is well connected to village Girhola via a 150 km long Kachcha road than 2km long tar road. The village Girhola is connected to NH – 43 at 1.0 km long Tar road. And SH at 35km. Village A ramp of gradient 1-15 is proposed to be constructed for evacuation of sand from the mine. The carrying capacity of the road is sufficient to take this insignificant traffic of tippers. Also the requirement of dumpers for transportation of sand is too less only average 1.7 trips/hour, there will be no queuing of dumpers and no large parking space will be required.

5.3 Man Power Deployment: The average daily employment is tabulated below:

1 Supervisor Skilled 02

2 Loaders Unskilled 166.6 (considering an OMS of 10 m3) 166.6m3/10m3=16.6 so 17 Total 19* labour law will be followed

Use of Mineral: 5.4

Sand is a very important mineral for our society due to its many uses. It can be used for making concrete, filling roads, building sites, brick-making, making glass, sandpapers, etc. The sand mined from the mine will be mainly used in construction industry as a fine aggregate.

6.0 RECLAMATION PLAN

The proposed mine is of river bed sand mining and only involves scrapping of thin layers of sand from the river bed. No pits are proposed to be dug that need backfilling. Also there will no change in the post mining land pattern. Plantation is not possible within the lease area as the mine is in the river bed. However, It is proposed to do some plantation of local species of trees along the approach road and along the river banks where ever possible.

7.0 STRATEGY FOR PROTECTION OF RIVER COURSE, NALAS, WATER TANK, VILLAGES, IMPORTATNT MONUMENTS IF ANY

The sand mining is proposed in the river bed of Mahanadi River. There is no Nalla, water tank, village, important monuments in the close vicinity of the mine which may get affected due to mining activity.

The river bed sand mining can cause the following environmental hazards:

 Instream habitat:

The impact of mining may result in increase in river gradient, suspended load, sediment transport, sediment deposition, turbidity, change in temperature, etc. Excessive sediment deposition for replenishment/ refilling of the pits affect turbidity, prevent the penetration of the light required for photo synthesis of micro and macro flora which in turn reduces food availability for aquatic fauna. Increase in river gradient may cause excessive erosion causing adverse effect on the in stream habitats.

 Riparian habitat: This includes vegetative cover on and adjacent to the river banks, which controls erosion, provide nutrient inputs into the stream and prevents intrusion of pollutant in the stream through runoff. Bank erosion and change of morphology of the river can destroy the riparian vegetative cover.

 Degradation of Land:

Mining pits are responsible for river channel shifting as well as degradation of land, causing loss of properties and degradation of landscape.  Lowering of groundwater table in the floodplain area:

Mining may cause lowering of riverbed level as well as river water level resulting in lowering of groundwater table due to excessive extraction and draining out of groundwater from the adjacent areas. This may cause shortage of water for the vegetation and human settlements in the vicinity.

 Depletion of groundwater:

Excessive pumping out of groundwater during sand mining especially in abandoned channels generally result in depletion of groundwater resources causing severe scarcity and affecting irrigation and potable water availability. In extreme cases it may also result in creation of ground fissures and land subsidence in adjacent areas.

 Polluting groundwater:

In case the river is recharging the groundwater, excessive mining will reduce the thickness of the natural filter materials (sediments), infiltration through which the ground water is recharged. The pollutants due to mining, such as washing of mining materials, wastes disposal, diesel and vehicular oil lubricants and other human activities may pollute the ground water.

 Choking of filter materials for ingress of ground water from river: Dumping of final material, compaction of filter zone due to movement heavy machineries and vehicles for mining purposes may reduce the permeability and porosity of the filter material through which the groundwater is recharging, thus resulting in steady decrease of ground water resources.

The following measures shall be taken to mitigate the adverse impact of mining on the river:

1. River bed sand mining may erode river banks, which may affect the riparian flora and fauna. To prevent the bank erosion, it is proposed to leave a safety zone of 10.0 m along the river bank. It is also proposed to do a thick plantation of rooty local species of plants along the river banks, wherever possible. :' To control the excessive excavation of sanci and bed digging loading shaii be done manually. 3' Mining shall be always carried out above the water level and shall be restricted to maximum 3.0 m depth. +. In strearn mining shaii not be carried out. 5' Washing of mining materials and vehiclss disposal of waste, and other human activity which may pollute the water sLaI not bo aliowed. Also spillage of diesel and vehicular oil lubricants may pollute the rvater and hence parking and washing of the vehicles shall not Le ailowed. I)ue preeautians 6' shali be taken to maintain the ehanncl siope so that upstream erosion as a result of an increase in channel slope and changes in flcw velccig,will irat take place. 7 ' Sand will be transported in tarpaulin covered vehicle to avoid emission of dust during trausportatioa. 8' Water spraying shail be rJone in the access roacl for suppression of dust during surnmer. Plantation 9' is rot possibie in the river bed; however iocai species of piants shall be planted along river bank and along the approach road. 10'Bou*dary pillars shall be clearly dernarc*te<1, and mirring shait be stricti5, carried out within the iease area. l l.Mining and transportation of sand shall be caried out only during the day time.

8.0 ANY OTHER REI,EYAHE ThIFORMATIOIII

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