August 2018 Gap Analysis

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

August 2018 Gap Analysis Milford Opportunities Project Phase 1 Gap Analysis Contact Details Name: Luke McSoriley WSP Opus Invercargill Office Opus House, 65 Arena Avenue PO Box 647, Invercargill 9840 New Zealand Telephone: +64 3 211 3580 Mobile: +64 27 269 1644 Document Details: Date: August 2018 Reference: 6-VN103.00 Status: Final Prepared by: Luke McSoriley | Jared Thomas | Anne Relling | Michele Frey Reviewed by: Michele Frey | Project Manager Approved for release by: Andrew D Bruce | Project Director www.wsp-opus.co.nz ©WSP OPUS | 21 AUGUST 2018 Glossary Milford Sound/ Piopiotahi Includes the Fiord itself, settlement, infrastructure - the natural and physical environment at Milford Sound. Milford Corridor State Highway 94 ‘The Milford Road’ from Te Anau to Milford Sound and immediate surrounds from ridgeline to ridgeline up each valley (i.e. includes Eglington Valley and Hollyford Valley). Milford Regional Context Wider Southland and Otago areas (Fiordland, Te Anau, Queenstown, Northern Southland Townships, Invercargill, Southern Scenic Route, Catlins, Rakiura, State Highway’s 94, 95, 97, 99 and 6. AEE Assessment of Environmental Effects CMA Coastal Marine Area DOC Department of Conservation ES Environment Southland (Southland Regional Council) FNP Fiordland National Park FNPMP Fiordland National Park Management Plan MBIE Ministry of Business Innovation and Employment MOP Milford Opportunities Project MST Milford Sound Tourism NZTA NZ Transport Agency pSWLP Proposed Southland Water and Land Plan QLDC Queenstown Lakes District Council QMS Quota Management System RCP Regional Coastal Plan RMA Resource Management Act 1991 RPS Regional Policy Statement for Southland RWP Regional Water Plan (Operative) SDC Southland District Council SDP Southland District Plan SH State Highway SSR Southern Scenic Route TDM Tourism Demand Management TTM Tourism Transport Management www.wsp-opus.co.nz ©WSP OPUS | 21 AUGUST 2018 PAGE I Contents Glossary .......................................................................................................................................................................................... I 1. Executive Summary ...............................................................................................................................................................1 2. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................................4 2.1. Project Area ............................................................................................................................................................4 2.2. The Gap Analysis ...................................................................................................................................................4 2.2.1. Sequence of Information Sought .........................................................................................................................5 2.3. Project Area ............................................................................................................................................................6 3. Information Requirements ................................................................................................................................................9 3.1. The Place ................................................................................................................................................................9 3.2. The Customer ....................................................................................................................................................... 10 3.3. The Interventions ................................................................................................................................................. 10 3.4. Best Practice ......................................................................................................................................................... 11 4. Information Review and Gap Analysis – The Place .................................................................................................. 11 4.1.1. Natural Environment ............................................................................................................................................ 11 4.1.2. Built Environment ................................................................................................................................................. 15 4.1.3. Heritage Values .................................................................................................................................................... 19 4.1.4. Cultural and Heritage Values.............................................................................................................................. 20 4.1.5. Hazard Management ........................................................................................................................................... 20 4.1.6. How the Place Impacts on the Wider Region ................................................................................................... 21 5. Information Review and Gap Analysis – The Customer .......................................................................................... 21 5.1.1. Tourist/ Visitor ....................................................................................................................................................... 21 5.1.2. Commercial Operator .......................................................................................................................................... 24 5.1.3. Recreational User ................................................................................................................................................ 26 5.1.4. Residents .............................................................................................................................................................. 27 5.1.5. Government Departments ................................................................................................................................... 27 5.1.6. Future Demand ..................................................................................................................................................... 28 5.1.7. Views on the Wider Region Opportunities ........................................................................................................ 28 5.1.1. The Economic Cost/ Potential ............................................................................................................................ 29 6. Information Review and Gap Analysis – The Interventions ................................................................................... 29 6.1.1. Legislative Framework......................................................................................................................................... 29 6.1.2. Proposed Developments ..................................................................................................................................... 33 6.1.3. Previous Masterplans/ Concept Plans .............................................................................................................. 35 7. Information Review and Gap Analysis – Best Practice ........................................................................................... 35 7.1.1. National park demand management strategies ............................................................................................... 36 7.1.2. Accessibility........................................................................................................................................................... 38 7.1.3. Examining visit value ........................................................................................................................................... 40 7.1.4. Relationship between visitor demand and biodiversity impacts .................................................................... 42 7.1.5. Master plans that deal with flux or change over time ...................................................................................... 43 8. Table of Knowledge Gaps, Further Research Options and Priorities .................................................................. 45 www.wsp-opus.co.nz ©WSP OPUS | 21 AUGUST 2018 PAGE II 1. Executive Summary The Aims of this Project: The Milford Opportunities Project (MOP) aims to: • Provide strategic direction and leadership to ensure the opportunities of increased visitor experiences of Milford, Fiordland, and Southland are realised; • Establish the current baselines in Milford and along the corridor for: ▪ The state of the environment; ▪ The conservation values; ▪ The number of visitors; ▪ The level/type of commercial activity; and ▪ The level/type of physical infrastructure. ▪ Consider the future demands/opportunities/effects for Milford tourism; • Advocate for the development of projects that are identified from the work-streams. The Gap Analysis: The purpose of this Gap Analysis is to demonstrate current gaps in knowledge that require further research to inform the eventual development of a masterplan for Milford Sound/Piopiotahi. The Gap Analysis and eventual masterplan work align with the overall guiding principle for the project which is; Enhancing Milford Sound, its corridor, and Fiordland National Park as key New Zealand visitor ‘icons’ providing a ‘world class’
Recommended publications
  • New Zealand Comprehensive II Trip Report 31St October to 16Th November 2016 (17 Days)
    New Zealand Comprehensive II Trip Report 31st October to 16th November 2016 (17 days) The Critically Endangered South Island Takahe by Erik Forsyth Trip report compiled by Tour Leader: Erik Forsyth RBL New Zealand – Comprehensive II Trip Report 2016 2 Tour Summary New Zealand is a must for the serious seabird enthusiast. Not only will you see a variety of albatross, petrels and shearwaters, there are multiple- chances of getting out on the high seas and finding something unusual. Seabirds dominate this tour and views of most birds are alongside the boat. There are also several land birds which are unique to these islands: kiwis - terrestrial nocturnal inhabitants, the huge swamp hen-like Takahe - prehistoric in its looks and movements, and wattlebirds, the saddlebacks and Kokako - poor flyers with short wings Salvin’s Albatross by Erik Forsyth which bound along the branches and on the ground. On this tour we had so many highlights, including close encounters with North Island, South Island and Little Spotted Kiwi, Wandering, Northern and Southern Royal, Black-browed, Shy, Salvin’s and Chatham Albatrosses, Mottled and Black Petrels, Buller’s and Hutton’s Shearwater and South Island Takahe, North Island Kokako, the tiny Rifleman and the very cute New Zealand (South Island wren) Rockwren. With a few members of the group already at the hotel (the afternoon before the tour started), we jumped into our van and drove to the nearby Puketutu Island. Here we had a good introduction to New Zealand birding. Arriving at a bay, the canals were teeming with Black Swans, Australasian Shovelers, Mallard and several White-faced Herons.
    [Show full text]
  • Southland Tourism Key Indicators
    SOUTHLAND TOURISM KEY INDICATORS June 2019 SOUTHLAND TOURISM SNAPSHOT Year End June 2019 Guest nights up 1.5% to 1,201,109 Total spend up 3.3% to $673M Southland is continuing to experience stable growth phase in spend across both domestic and international markets, including good growth of the UK, German and US markets. There have also been modest gains in both international and domestic commercial accommodation figures, despite growth in Airbnb listings. SOUTHLAND REGION TE ANAU GORE TOURISM SPEND STATISTICS INVERCARGILL THE CATLINS Total Spend in NZD Figures for Year End June STEWART IS. MRTE’s (Monthly Regional Tourism Estimates) • International visitor spend up 6.1% to $264 million • Domestic visitor spend up 1.5% to $409 million • Total spend up 3.3% to $673 million ACCOMMODATION STATISTICS • Top 5 International Markets 1. Australia (up 7.9%) Guest Night Figures for Year End June 2. USA (up 10.2%) CAM (Commercial Accommodation Monitor) 3. Germany (up 11.0%) • International guest nights up 2.8% to 725,017 4. UK (up 9.0%) • Domestic guest nights up 0.8% to 476,091 5. China (down 7.8%) Markets • Total guest nights up 1.5% to 1,201,109 • Occupancy rate down from 46.3% to 45.6% • Daily capacity up 2.4% to 2,350 stay-units International 39% Domestic 61% Average Length of Stay Year End June 1.80 1.99 Days Days Southland National 2.2% 0.2% Tourism Spend Estimate Year End June $400m Guest Nights Year End June $350m Domestic 1,300,000 $300m USA 1,200,000 UK 1,100,000 $250m Rest of Oceania 1,000,000 Rest of Europe 900,000 Rest of Asia $200m
    [Show full text]
  • Hollyford Track Itinerary
    HOLLYFORD TRACK ITINERARY Located in Fiordland National Park, the dramatic Hollyford Track is one of New Zealand’s greatest walks, representing the country’s most untouched and inspiring wilderness areas. The wilderness is geologically spectacular and ever-changing - snow capped mountains, glaciers, rainforests, rivers, lakes, waterfalls, reefs, sand dunes and surf. The experiences are diverse - hiking, wildlife interaction, historical tales, jet boating, and a magnificent scenic flight to Milford Sound. The diversity within this one valley is unequalled; it’s a wonderful way to explore the very essence of New Zealand’s wilderness. LENGTH 4 days GRADE B (Average of 4-5 hrs physical activity per day) TRANSFERS (ON DAY 1) From: Station Building, Queenstown 3.30pm or Queenstown Airport, 4.00pm BRIEFING 6.00pm on Day 1. Please check in at 5:55pm Te Anau: Distinction Luxmore Hotel Te Anau, 41 Town Centre START Te Anau at 6.00pm from Distinction Luxmore Hotel, 41 Town Centre. (Or Queenstown 3.30pm) FINISH Te Anau at 4:00pm. (Or Queenstown at 7:00pm DEPARTURES December 2021: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31 January 2022: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30 February 2022: 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, 11, 13, 14, 16, 17, 20, 22, 23, 25, 26, 28, March 2022: 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 10, 12, 13, 15, 16, 18, 19, 21, 22, 24, 25, 27, 28, 30, 31 April 2022: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 PRICE 1 Dec 2021 - 28 Apr 2022 Adult (15yrs+) NZ$2795 Child (10-14yrs) NZ$2395 Single Supplement NZ$1199 ITINERARY DAY 1 - PRE DEPARTURE BRIEFING Travel from Queenstown (please advise if you would like to book the transfer to Te Anau from Queenstown) or Te Anau to your accommodation at the Distinction Luxmore Hotel, 41 Town Centre, Te Anau where you will attend a pre-departure briefing and enjoy dinner at the hotel.
    [Show full text]
  • Whatever Happened to Tuatapere? a Study on a Small Rural Community Pam Smith
    Whatever happened to Tuatapere? A study on a small rural community Pam Smith Pam Smith has worked in the social work field for the past 25 years. She has worked with children and families within the community both in statutory and non-government organisations. She has held social worker and supervisor roles and is currently a supervisory Team Leader at Family Works Southland. This article was based on Pam’s thesis for her Master of Philosophy in Social Work at Massey University. Abstract Social workers working in the rural community do so within a rural culture. This culture has developed from historical and cultural influences from the generations before, from the impact of social and familial changes over the years and from current internal and external influences. These changes and influences make the rural people who they are today. This study was carried out on a small rural community in Western Southland. The purpose was to examine the impact on the community of social changes over the past 50 years. Eight long-term residents were interviewed. The results will be discussed within this article. Introduction Government policies, changes in international trade and markets, environmental policies, globalisation, change in the structure of local and regional government and legislative changes, impacted on all New Zealanders during the past 50 years. The rural hinterland of New Zealand was affected in particular ways. The population in rural communities has been slowly decreasing over the years as ur- banisation has been a reality in New Zealand. Services within the area have diminished and younger families have moved away to seek employment elsewhere.
    [Show full text]
  • New Zealand's 3Rd-Warmest May on Record
    New Zealand Climate Summary: May 2019 Issued: 5 June 2019 New New Zealand’s 3rd-warmest May on record Temperature Temperatures were above average (0.51°C to 1.2°C above average) or well above average (>1.2°C above average) across the entire country, with the most unusually warm temperatures in the South Island. Many locations observed record or near- record warm mean, mean maximum, and mean minimum May temperatures. Rainfall Rainfall was below normal (50% to 79% of normal) or well below normal (<50% of normal) for the majority of the North Island, with the exception being parts of Waikato, Taranaki, and coastal Manawatu-Whanganui where rainfall was near normal (80% to 119% of normal). Rainfall was above (120% to 149% of normal) or well above (>149% of normal) normal for much of western and lower South Island. Near or below normal rainfall occurred in parts of Marlborough, Canterbury, coastal Otago, and southern Southland. Soil Moisture As of 31 May, soils were drier than normal for much of the North Island with small areas of wetter than normal soils about western Waitomo and the Kapiti Coast. South Island soil moisture was generally near normal with pockets of below normal soil moisture about Waimate and Waitaki as well as the interior Marlborough region. Click on the link to jump to the information you require: Overview Temperature Rainfall May 2019 climate in the six main centres Highlights and extreme events Overview May 2019 was characterised by higher than normal sea level pressure over and to the east of the North Island and lower than normal pressure to the south of the South Island.
    [Show full text]
  • Fiordland Great Walks 3 Day Package &Welcome
    Fiordland Great Walks 3 day package &Welcome Milford Track p6 Thank you for choosing Trips & Tramps ½ day guided walk to explore Fiordland. It is an amazing experience to travel through this area on foot, and this 3-day adventure offers great diversity, with a guided day hike on each of the Kepler, Milford and Routeburn Tracks. Passing through unique and spectacular scenery, you will discover Routeburn Track p7 native forests, lakes and rivers to mountain 1 day guided walk views, vast fiords and lush valleys. Each day you will be accompanied by a local guide, who are the backbone of our small, family run company. Friendly, patient and with a deep affinity for all things outdoors, our guides help bring Fiordland’s stunning landscapes to life, while providing a safe, enjoyable walk. Kepler Track heli-hike p5 1 day guided walk This really is the ultimate hiking package, and we hope you enjoy it as much as we do! www.tripsandtramps.com 1 General information Departure Point, and transport Once again, let us know if you need any help logistics with your selection, we are happy to share This trip uses the township of Te Anau, our local knowledge. We recommend you as the base. With a wide range of shops, book your accommodation directly to receive accommodation providers and plenty of the best available rate. dining options, it is the perfect place to step * Note: packages are available from local into Fiordland National Park. accommodation providers which may include extra meals and activities. Most people find it easiest to fly into Queenstown.
    [Show full text]
  • Hollyford Track Guided Walk
    HOLLYFORD VALLEY 3-day / 2-night Moderate guided wilderness walk with jet boat & scenic MILFORD SOUND flight Step into the remote and dramatic Hollyford Valley; New Zealand’s wilderness at its most primal and inspiring, spectacular and ever changing. At over 1.2 million hectares, Fiordland National Park is not only New Zealand’s largest national park, but one of the biggest in the world. The Hollyford Walk experience is one of infinite views of snow-capped peaks and glaciers, of temperate rainforests, rivers, lakes, waterfalls, reefs, sand dunes and surf beaches. The diversity and wildlife in this valley is truly unparalleled. Join us on a small group adventure (maximum group size is 16) hiking through World Heritage wilderness, step aboard a captivating jet boat ride down the Hollyford River, across Lake McKerrow, see historical sites of the pioneers and leave with a scenic flight over Milford Sound. The remote and often wild coastline is inhabited by native New Zealand Fur Seals, families of Bottlenose Dolphins and rare Fiordland Crested Penguins. The mix of spectacular scenery and amazing native animals make the Hollyford Track a must do in Fiordland. Cost per person from: 21st October – 22nd December 2020 $2075* Child (10-14 years) $1650 th th 25 December 2020 – 28 April 2021 $2275* Child (10-14 years) $1850 * Prices in Australian dollars Single room supplement: (all season) from $1040 Departs: October 2020 21st, 23rd, 25th, 27th, 29th, 31st nd th th th th th th th th th nd th th th th November 2020 2 , 4 , 6 , 8 , 10 , 12 , 14 ,
    [Show full text]
  • Welcoming Plan — Southland
    Southland Murihiku Welcoming Plan 2019 2 Nau mai haere mai ki Murihiku, Welcome to Southland Foreword From Our Regional Leaders As leaders of this thriving and expansive region, To guide the implementation of this approach in we recognise that a regional approach to fostering Southland, and to encourage greater interaction diversity and inclusion will underpin the success of between people, a Welcoming Plan has been our future communities. developed for Southland/Murihiku. Southland has been selected as one of five pilot We are proud to endorse this Welcoming Plan and areas for the Immigration New Zealand Welcoming know that Southland will rise to the occasion to Communities programme, and as such becomes a build on the inclusive foundations already set in forerunner of the Welcoming Movement operating the region. across the world. The challenge is now over to you to join us in This movement encourages the development of embracing this welcoming approach, to get involved, a worldwide network where an inclusive approach and help make Southland the most welcoming is adopted to welcome new people to our place possible! communities. Sir Tim Shadbolt, KNZM Gary Tong Tracy Hicks Nicol Horrell Invercargill City Council Mayor Southland District Council Mayor Gore District Council Mayor Environment Southland Chairman 3 4 Contents 6 Executive Summary 9 Welcoming Communities Context 10 Why Southland 12 Welcoming Plan Development 14 Southland/Murihiku Welcoming Plan Outcomes and Actions 16 Inclusive Leadership 18 Welcoming Communications 20 Equitable Access 21 Connected and Inclusive Communities 22 Economic Development, Business and Employment 25 Civic Engagement and Participation 26 Welcoming Public Spaces 27 Culture and Identity 28 Implementation 29 Developing Regional Projects 30 Encouraging Council Planning 30 Partnering With Tangata Whenua 31 Fostering Community Partnership and Support 33 Conclusion 5 Executive Summary Ten councils across five regions, including social, cultural and economic participation.
    [Show full text]
  • Real Journeys
    For all enquiries and reservations 0800 65 65 01 GETTING TO DOUBTFUL SOUND PROTECT. SUSTAIN. GROW. realjourneys.co.nz [email protected] Doubtful Sound What to Bring Conservation or visit a Real Journeys Visitor Centre Doubtful QUEENSTOWN: 88 Beach Street, Steamer Wharf TE ANAU: 85 Lakefront Drive All our Doubtful Sound experiences MANAPOURI: 64 Waiau Street start in Manapouri. You can drive there Sound @realjourneys #realjourneys FIORDLAND, NEW ZEALAND See our website for more info, booking conditions and our cancellation policy. yourself or if you’d much rather relax, let us do the driving for you. By Coach FROM QUEENSTOWN 3hrs to Manapouri On board our coach, travel around Lake Wakatipu and through rolling farmland to Manapouri township. Our coach drivers will provide you with informative commentary along the way. What to bring on your Doubtful Sound adventure “ Today I am more convinced than ever before that conservation is the real FROM TE ANAU 30mins to Manapouri • Camera If you are staying overnight: A smaller coach provides transfers to Manapouri for travellers • Non-slip footwear • Toiletries cornerstone of New Zealand's joining our Doubtful Sound experiences. • Insect repellent • Overnight bag tourism industry.” Courtesy pick ups are available from most Queenstown and • Waterproof jacket • Swimwear (optional) LES HUTCHINS, FOUNDER OF REAL JOURNEYS Te Anau accommodation. By Boat • Warm clothing • Change of clothes By Coach The Leslie Hutchins Conservation Foundation was established • Sunscreen • Extra trousers From Manapouri in 1994 with this aim in mind. Every year we contribute a • Sunglasses (water based activities) percentage of our Doubtful Sound sales to ensure this vital charity Your Doubtful Sound experience begins with a cruise across the can support a number of conservation initiatives — everything picturesque Lake Manapouri followed by a trip over New Zealand’s MILFORD SOUND from educational trips to native bird relocations.
    [Show full text]
  • In the Environment Court of New Zealand Christchurch Registry I Te
    In the Environment Court of New Zealand Christchurch Registry I Te Koti Taiao o Aotearoa Ōtautahi Rohe ENV-2018-CHC- Under the Resource Management Act 1991 (RMA) In the matter of An appeal under clause 14(1) of Schedule 1 of the RMA in relation to the proposed Queenstown Lakes District Plan Between Real Journeys Limited Appellant And Queenstown Lakes District Council Respondent Notice of Appeal 19 June 2018 Appellant's solicitors: Maree Baker-Galloway | Rosie Hill Anderson Lloyd Level 2, 13 Camp Street, Queenstown 9300 PO Box 201, Queenstown 9348 DX Box ZP95010 Queenstown p + 64 3 450 0700 | f + 64 3 450 0799 [email protected] | [email protected] To The Registrar Environment Court Christchurch 1 Real Journeys Limited (Real Journeys) appeals against part of the decision of Queenstown Lakes District Council on the proposed Queenstown Lakes District Plan (PDP). 2 Real Journeys made a submission (#621) and further submission (#1341) on the PDP. 3 Real Journeys is not a trade competitor for the purpose of section 308D Resource Management Act 1991 (RMA). 4 Real Journeys received notice of the decision on 7 May 2018. 5 The decision was made by Queenstown Lakes District Council (QLDC). 6 The parts of the decisions appealed relate to: a) Chapter 2 Definitions; b) Chapter 3 Strategic Direction; c) Chapter 6 Landscapes; d) Chapter 12 Queenstown Town Centre Zone; e) Chapter 21 Rural; f) Chapter 26 Historic Heritage; g) Chapter 27 Subdivision; h) Chapter 28 Natural Hazards; i) Chapter 35 Temporary Activities and Relocated Buildings; j) Chapter 36 Noise.
    [Show full text]
  • New Zealand Decimal Coins & Banknotes
    New Zealand Decimal Coins & Banknotes Decimal Proof & Unc. Sets New Zealand New Zealand Proof Sets Unc Sets Scarce Gold Coin Issues Miscellaneous Decimal 1953 Superior $ 350 (Perfect $ 495) Proof/Unc. Coins & 1965 40 $ 28 1990 $150 (.916 Gold, ½ oz. AGW) 1967, 1968 ea. 18* 18 150th Anniversary of the signing of Banknotes Sets/Packs 1969, 1970 ea. 30* 22 the Treaty of Waitangi. Scarce 1971 150 20 (Low mintage of only 3,200 issued). 1965/1967 Souvenir Card 1972, 1973 ea. 40 30 Cased PROOF FDC……..…$ 1450 Official card issued by the N.Z. 1974 Games 50 20 1993 $5 (.916 Gold, 1.41oz. AGW) New Zealand Treasury for changeover to 1975, 1976 ea. 25 18 40th Anniversary of Coronation. decimal currency with 1d. & 1c. 1977 to 1982 ea. 50 20 (Only 210 issued for N.Z.!). mounted on a card. (Similar to the Royal 1983 50th Anniv. 50 18 Crown sized gold proof coin. Australian Mint issued 1c. & 2c. card, 1984, 1985 ea. 50 20 Cased PROOF FDC……..…$ 3450 which retails for $95.00 plus). Scarce. 1986, 1987 ea. 55 25 1994 50c. Bi-Metal issue (Special Uncirculated....................$ 25 1988 Penguin 55 32 White/Yellow Gold issue – 22.5 gms (Have seen this souvenir card listed by 1989 Games 55 25 Low mintage of just 500 ! Low issue other dealers at up to $45!!) 1990 150th Anniv. 150 45 number 114. Beautiful proof gold coin. Will also include FREE copy of official 1990 150th Anniv. (Special Convention Cased PROOF FDC………..$ 1250 New Zealand Treasury leaflet containing Sleeve - Mintage 100!) Proof set $ 245 1994 50c.
    [Show full text]
  • Engelsk Register
    Danske navne på alverdens FUGLE ENGELSK REGISTER 1 Bearbejdning af paginering og sortering af registret er foretaget ved hjælp af Microsoft Excel, hvor det har været nødvendigt at indlede sidehenvisningerne med et bogstav og eventuelt 0 for siderne 1 til 99. Tallet efter bindestregen giver artens rækkefølge på siden.
    [Show full text]