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Estratégia Transnacional De Luta Contra a Cortaderia Selloana No Arco Atlântico

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Estratégia Transnacional De Luta Contra a Cortaderia Selloana No Arco Atlântico Estrategia Transnacional de lucha contra Cortaderia selloana en el Arco Atlántico en el marco del proyecto LIFE STOP Cortaderia Estratégia Transnacional de luta contra a Cortaderia selloana no Arco Atlântico no quadro do projeto LIFE STOP Cortaderia LIFE17 NAT/ES/000495 1 Estratégia Transnacional de luta contra a Cortaderia selloana Participantes na elaboração Agradecimentos no Arco Atlântico no quadro do projeto LIFE STOP Cortaderia da Estratégia Gostaríamos de agradecer a participação de todas as pessoas que apoiaram e contribuíram com o seu conhecimento e opinião ao longo das reuniões do Felipe González, Blanca Serrano e Antonio Urchaga Grupo de Trabalho e dos Seminários Técnicos realizados no quadro do projeto SEO/BirdLife LIFE STOP Cortaderia. Santiago García de Enterría Asociación Amica Hélia Marchante e Mónica Almeida O presente documento não possui valor legal, mas apenas valor técnico, e Escola Superior Agrária do Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra visa mobilizar os intervenientes em todo o Arco Atlântico e coordenar as suas Henrique Nepomuceno Alves ações na luta contra a Cortaderia selloana. Câmara Municipal de Vila Nova de Gaia Ángel Herrero e Ana García O conteúdo do presente documento, elaborado no quadro de LIFE STOP Bhs Consultores Ambientales Asociados, SLL. Cortaderia, reflete o ponto de vista dos seus autores. A Comissão Europeia não é responsável pela utilização que possa ser feita da informação contida Todas as fotografias são propriedade dos membros da equipa LIFE STOP no mesmo. Cortaderia, exceto se indicado em contrário na legenda das mesmas. Colaboradores na elaboração da Estratégia Gostaríamos de agradecer a todas as pessoas que colaboraram na melhoria Santander, junho 2020 deste documento: Ricardo Gómez Ministerio para la Transición Ecológica y el Reto Demográfico Governo da Espanha Antonio Lucio e Jesús Varas Consejería de Desarrollo Rural, Ganadería, Pesca, Alimentación y Medio Ambiente Governo da Cántabria Aitor Uriarte Conselho Municipal de Bizkaia Jon Zulaika Conselho Municipal de Gipuzkoa Elizabete Marchante Universidade de Coimbra Jaime Fagúndez Universidade da Coruña Tomás Díaz Universidad de Oviedo Juan Antonio Campos Universidad del País Vasco Francisco Javier Murillo, Cristina Arcotxa e Mikel Sarriegi Basoinsa S.L. Paula Graça e Mª Teresa Vasconcelos Infraestruturas de Portugal, S.A. Rémi Guisier Conservatoire Botanique National Sud-Atlantique Isabel Aguirre Fundação Juana de Vega Inés Alameda SEO/BirdLife 1 Estratégia Transnacional de luta contra a Cortaderia selloana no Arco Atlântico no quadro do projeto LIFE STOP Cortaderia o principal apoio da Comissão Europeia, assim como do Governo da Cantábria, em Espanha, juntamente com outras entidades públicas (Ministério da Transição Ecológica e Desafio Demográfico do Governo de Espanha, através da Fundação para a Biodiversidade, Xunta de Galicia e Câmara Municipal de Santander) e empresas privadas (Astander, Solvay e Viesgo). Em Portugal, as instituições parceiras são o Município de Vila Nova de Gaia e o Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, através da Escola Superior Agrária de Coimbra (ESAC). Cortaderia selloana é um táxon de origem sul-americana que começou a ser citado como uma espécie selvagem, ocupando habitats naturais em diferentes áreas do Arco Atlântico em meados do século XX e, desde então, as suas populações têm seguido uma preocupante tendência contí- nua de crescimento. Aproveitando a bonança do clima e a significativa expan- são de infraestrutura dos últimos 30 anos do século XX, as populações desta planta invasora multiplicaram-se por iante da invasão da erva-das-pampas que se tem todo o Arco Atlântico, tornando-se particularmente forte verificado em toda a região em que nos inserimos, em habitats antrópicos: margens de rodovias, ferrovias, apresentamos-lhe, na condição de parte integrante portos, aeroportos, áreas industriais, pedreiras ou resquícios da parceria internacional criada pelo Projeto LIFE17 de operações de mineração. Espécie muito competitiva e NAT / ES / 000495 – «Medidas urgentes de controlo prolixa em áreas de solos recentemente removidos, desco- Dda propagação da erva-das-pampas (Cortaderia selloana) bertos, pobres, expostos diretamente ao sol, instala-se com na área Atlântica» LIFE STOP Cortaderia – a Estratégia frequência nestas infraestruturas e em todo o tipo de obras Transnacional de Combate à Erva-das-pampas. Este projeto que supõe remoção de solo. dedica-se inteira e especificamente à gestão do combate A partir daí, quase sem competição, tem submetido o meio à erva-das-pampas nas costas atlânticas portuguesa, ambiente a um bombardeio contínuo de sementes de outo- espanhola e francesa, entre os anos de 2018 e 2022. no (cada espécime produz cerca de um milhão de sementes Promovido por uma aliança transnacional composta por que o vento movimenta com grande eficiência), e começou autoridades públicas e centros de investigação, conta com a ocupar habitats naturais, em particular sapais, dunas, 2 Estratégia Transnacional de luta contra a Cortaderia selloana margens de rios, campos e orlas de floresta, que estão no Arco Atlântico no quadro do projeto LIFE STOP Cortaderia seriamente ameaçados. No caso dos parques e espaços verdes de Vila Nova de Gaia, os nossos serviços são orientados, há vários anos, para a remoção da erva-das-pampas, assim que alguma destas plantas aparece. Mas a verdade é que a luta contra esta planta invasora necessita de ações generalizadas em diferentes espaços, inclusive naqueles em que o Município não pode atuar. Agora, na presença dos primeiros frutos do Projeto LIFE STOP Cortaderia, do qual esta Estratégia é um instrumen- to fundamental, dispomos de um documento capaz de sensibilizar toda a população para o problema ecológico da erva-das-pampas, estimulando a ação contra esta espécie invasora e envolvendo os principais agentes em Portugal e no Arco Atlântico numa Estratégia comum de combate à invasora. Acreditamos que a abordagem transregional e transnacional serão decisivas para o sucesso desta luta a médio e longo prazo. Será improdutivo eliminar a erva-das-pampas num território específico se o território vizinho não se comprome- ter a fazer o mesmo nesse período. O problema ecológico é idêntico a todos e deve ser enfrentado em conjunto. Esta Estratégia constitui o ponto de viragem. Eduardo Vítor Rodrigues Presidente da Câmara Municipal de Vila Nova de Gaia 3 Estratégia Transnacional de luta contra a Cortaderia selloana no Arco Atlântico no quadro do projeto LIFE STOP Cortaderia ÍNDICE 1// Introdução ..........................................................................5 6// Metodologia da luta contra a Cortaderia selloana .................................................41 6.1 Medidas de prevenção ...............................................42 2// Objetivo e Tarefas .........................................................9 6.2 Planeamento para a gestão ......................................43 2.1 Objetivo (Visão) ............................................................10 6.3 Metodologias de controlo e erradicação ................44 2.2 Tarefas (Missão) ..........................................................10 6.4 Manuseamento dos restos das plantas arrancadas ou cortadas ..............................................53 3// Biologia e ecologia da espécie ...........................11 6.5 Ações posteriores à erradicação ..............................54 6.6 Programa de acompanhamento dos resultados das ações ......................................................................55 4// Diagnóstico .....................................................................17 4.1 Origem e localização no Arco Atlântico ..................18 7// Adesão à Estratégia ...................................................57 4.2 História ..........................................................................19 7.1 Entidades que podem aderir 4.3 Dispersão e expansão ................................................20 à Estratégia ...................................................................58 4.4 Situação nos países e regiões 7.2 Processo de adesão. do Arco Atlântico ..........................................................22 Benefícios e compromissos. .....................................58 5// Fundamentos da Estratégia ..................................24 8// Acompanhamento e grau de cumprimento 5.1 Interrupção da expansão da Cortaderia selloana. da Estratégia...................................................................60 Prevenção e Rede de Alerta Precoce .......................26 5.2 Redução da presença da Cortaderia selloana. Con- trolo e erradicação «de fora para dentro» 9// Referências bibliográficas e em áreas de interesse especial. ............................28 e outras referências ...................................................62 5.3 Restauro e acompanhamento após a erradicação ......................................................30 Anexo: Carta de adesão ..........................................67 5.4 Investigação .................................................................32 5.5 Comunicação, formação e sensibilização ..............33 5.6 Legislação, propostas e financiamento ..................36 5.7 Responsabilidades e competências dos agentes envolvidos ..............................................39 4 Estratégia Transnacional de luta contra a Cortaderia selloana no Arco Atlântico no quadro do projeto LIFE STOP Cortaderia 1 // Introdução 5 Estratégia Transnacional de luta contra a Cortaderia selloana A Estratégia Transnacional de luta contra a Cortaderia
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