Mass problems and intuitionistic higher-order logic Sankha S. Basu Department of Mathematics Pennsylvania State University University Park, PA 16802, USA http://www.personal.psu.edu/ssb168
[email protected] Stephen G. Simpson1 Department of Mathematics Pennsylvania State University University Park, PA 16802, USA http://www.math.psu.edu/simpson
[email protected] First draft: February 7, 2014 This draft: August 30, 2018 Abstract In this paper we study a model of intuitionistic higher-order logic which we call the Muchnik topos. The Muchnik topos may be defined briefly as the category of sheaves of sets over the topological space consisting of the Turing degrees, where the Turing cones form a base for the topology. We note that our Muchnik topos interpretation of intuitionistic mathematics is an extension of the well known Kolmogorov/Muchnik interpretation of intuitionistic propositional calculus via Muchnik degrees, i.e., mass prob- lems under weak reducibility. We introduce a new sheaf representation of the intuitionistic real numbers, the Muchnik reals, which are different from the Cauchy reals and the Dedekind reals. Within the Muchnik topos we arXiv:1408.2763v1 [math.LO] 12 Aug 2014 obtain a choice principle (∀x ∃yA(x,y)) ⇒∃w ∀xA(x,wx) and a bound- ing principle (∀x ∃yA(x,y)) ⇒ ∃z ∀x ∃y (y ≤T (x,z) ∧ A(x,y)) where x,y,z range over Muchnik reals, w ranges over functions from Muchnik reals to Muchnik reals, and A(x,y) is a formula not containing w or z. For the convenience of the reader, we explain all of the essential back- ground material on intuitionism, sheaf theory, intuitionistic higher-order logic, Turing degrees, mass problems, Muchnik degrees, and Kolmogorov’s calculus of problems.