Around The World Thursday 4th June -

National Day: 20th March (Tunisia gained independence on 20th March 1956) Known for: Olive oil: Tunisia is among the first countries in the world in olive oil production and exportation. Dates: Tunisia is also among the first countries in the world for dates production and exportation. and : Tunisia is the home of Carthage civilisation which fought against Roma Empire in the “3 Punic Wars”, Hannibal is well known for attempting to invade with Elephants. Arab Spring: revolutions started in Tunisia and Tunisia is almost the only country where revolution has given birth to a real . Abolition of Slavery: Tunisia is among the first countries in the world to abolish slavery, that was in 1846 Emblem: The coat of arms of Tunisia displays a Punic galley (symbol of freedom) along with a lion holding a sword (symbol of order), and a weighing scale (symbol of justice). Around The World Key Facts: Thursday 4th June - TUNISIA National Day: 20th March (Tunisia gained independence on 20th March 1956) Capital: The official name of the country is the of Tunisia. Emblem: The coat of arms of Tunisia displays a Punic galley (symbol of freedom) Location: Tunisia is a country in North . It is bordered by to the west and along with a lion holding a sword (symbol of order), and a weighing scale (symbol of justice). southwest, to the southeast, and the to the north and east. Language: The official language is , however, French is widely spoken as a second language. Religion: Population: The population of Tunisia is estimated to be 11,444,409 people. Land Mass: It is the 91st largest country in the world in terms of land area with 163,610 square kilometres (63,170 square miles). Capital: Tunis is the capital and the largest city of Tunisia. Situated on a large Mediterranean Sea gulf (the Gulf of Tunis), behind the Lake of Tunis and the port of La Goulette, the city extends along the coastal plain and the hills that surround it. At its core lies its ancient , a World Heritage Site. Climate: Temperate in north with mild, rainy winters and hot, dry summers; desert in south Terrain: mountains in north; hot, dry central plain; semiarid south merges into the Natural resources: petroleum, phosphates, iron ore, lead, zinc, salt Around The World The Sahara Desert Covering the majority of northern Africa, the Sahara is the world’s most famous desert – covering much of th Thursday 4 June - TUNISIA Tunisia’s land mass. But how much do you really know about this iconic landscape? Here are 5 facts about National Day: the Sahara Desert that you might not have heard before: 20th March (Tunisia gained independence on 20th March 1956) Capital: Tunis Emblem: 1. It’s a common misconception that the Sahara is the world’s largest desert. In actual fact, it’s the largest hot The coat of arms of Tunisia displays a Punic galley (symbol of desert behind the Arctic and Antarctica, which are both cold deserts. During the summer months, temperatures freedom) along with a lion holding a sword (symbol of order), and a in the Sahara average between a sizzling 38-46°C. weighing scale (symbol of justice). 2. Spanning nearly a third of the African continent, the Sahara reaches a total of 11 countries. These include , Algeria, Chad, Libya, Mali, , , Niger, , Western Sahara and Tunisia 3. Around 2.5 million people also call the Sahara home, most of which have Berber or Arabic roots. They either live in permanent settlements near water sources or have a nomadic lifestyle, travelling from place to place with herds of sheep, goats or . 4. Sand dunes and sheets cover only around 25% of the Sahara’s actual surface. This desert also has numerous other land features including salt flats, gravel plains, plateaus and even mountains where snow has been recorded. 5. The Sahara gets its name from the Arabic word sahra, which means ‘desert’. History The history of Tunisia reveals this rich past where different successive Mediterranean cultures had a strong presence. After the Carthaginian Empire, the came and left a lasting effect on the land with various monuments and cities such the El-Jem Amphitheatre and the archaeological site of the ancient city of Carthage. After a few centuries of the presence of Christianity, represented by the Church of Africa, the Arab Islamic conquest transformed the whole country and founded a new city called Al-Qayrawan, Al-Qayrawan is a renowned centre for religious and intellectual pursuits.

With the take over of Tunisia by the Ottoman Empire, the centre of power shifted from Tunis to Istanbul in Turkey. This shift in power allowed the local government of the new Ottoman Province to gain more independence, which was maintained until the institution of the French . The protectorate introduced elements of Western – French – culture.

The history of Tunisia under French rule started in 1881 with the establishment of the French protectorate and ended in 1956 with Tunisian independence. The French presence in Tunisia came five decades after their occupation of neighbouring Algeria. Both of these lands had been associated with the Ottoman Empire for three centuries, yet each had long since had political control of their own countries. 20th March 1956 is the official day of Tunisia’s independence. Around The World Thursday 4th June - TUNISIA National Day: 20th March (Tunisia gained independence on 20th March 1956) Capital: Tunis Emblem: The coat of arms of Tunisia displays a Punic galley (symbol of freedom) along with a lion holding a sword (symbol of order), and a weighing scale (symbol of justice). Democracy and the “Arab Spring” What is democracy?

The word democracy describes a form of government. The word comes from two Greek words that mean “rule by the people.” In a democracy the people have a say in how the government is run. They do this by voting, though there are usually rules about who can vote. are different from dictatorships. In a dictatorship one person called a dictator makes all the rules.

Tunisia’s government wasn’t always democratic!

The Arab Spring was a movement in favour of democracy in the Arab world. The movement began in Tunisia in 2010. It soon spread to other countries in and the Middle East.

Many people joined the movement because they believed their governments were unfair and corrupt, or dishonest. Several of the countries had strong rulers who had controlled the countries for many . People also protested because they were poor and needed Question – What does “Enfin Libres” jobs. (French) translate to in English?

In December 2010 people in Tunisia began to demonstrate against their government. The ______government sent armed forces to stop the demonstrators, but the people did not give up. They demanded that their leaders step down. They also demanded that elections be held to choose new leaders. Around The World Thursday 4th June - TUNISIA The demonstrations were successful. In January 2011 Tunisian President Zine al-Abidine Ben Ali left the country. Later that , Tunisia held its first free elections to elect a new National Day: 20th March (Tunisia gained independence on 20th March 1956) government. Capital: Tunis Emblem: The coat of arms of Tunisia displays a Punic galley (symbol of freedom) along with a lion The successful protest in Tunisia came to be known as the Jasmine Revolution. It inspired holding a sword (symbol of order), and a weighing scale (symbol of justice). other countries in the area to protest against their governments. Around The World Thursday 4th June - TUNISIA Language is closely related to the Maltese language. Many Tunisians, particularly those living in large urban areas, mix Tunisian Arabic with French, a dialectal melange often informally called 'Frarabic'. The most immediately apparent difference between Tunisian and standard Arabic is the extensive use of words borrowed from Italian, Spanish, French, Punic, Berber and Turkish.

However, in business, education and literature, standard Arabic is commonly used in Tunisia. Try and learn a few useful phrases / words:

Hello - Salam or Marhaba Please (man) - Law samaht Goodbye - Ma'asalameh Please (woman)- Law samahti Thank you -Shokran or Yeslamo Where are you? (male) - Waynak? or ayna anta? Excuse Me - Law samahtee Where are you? (female) - Waynik? or ayna anti What's your name? (woman) - Ma esmouki or shoo ismik Come - Taal (male) What's your name? (man)- Ma esmouk or shoo ismak Come - Taali (female) My name is - Ismee Go - Rooh or ithab (male) How are you? (man)- Kaifa haloka or Keefak Go - Roohi or ithabi (female) How are you? (woman) - Kaifa haloki or Keefik Can I come? - Feenee Ajee? Fine, thanks. And you? (woman)- Ana bekhair, shokran. Wa anti? Wait - intathir (male) Fine, thanks. And you? (man) - Ana bekhair, Shokran. Wa anta? (man) Wait - intathiri (female) Where's the bathroom? - ayn alhammam Me - Ana Yes - Na'am You - anta (male) No – LaA You - anti (female) Him - howa pronunciation (who-wa) Her - hiya pronunciation (he-ya) Us - Nahnu Them - hom Who? - Men? Arabic Alphabet The Arabic alphabet contains 28 letters and is very different to our English Alphabet. What makes their language even more different is that it is written from right to left on the page! Their numbers, however, are written from right to left. This can take some getting used to!

Around The World th The Arabic letters all have names, the first part of the name e.g the “a” in “a-lif” is the sound the letter Thursday 4 June - TUNISIA makes. There are no letters in arabic similar to our letters “V” and “P”. National Day: 20th March (Tunisia gained independence on 20th March 1956) TASK: Can you try and write your name in Arabic below? You might need to get creative substituting your Capital: Tunis letters! Remember to go from right to left. Emblem: The coat of arms of Tunisia displays a Punic galley (symbol of freedom) along with a lion holding a sword (symbol of order), and a weighing scale (symbol of justice). Around The World Tunisia Literacy / English / Science

Around The World Thursday 4th June - TUNISIA National Day: 20th March (Tunisia gained independence on 20th March 1956) Capital: Tunis Emblem: The coat of arms of Tunisia displays a Punic galley (symbol of freedom) along with a lion holding a sword (symbol of order), and a weighing scale (symbol of justice). Around The World Thursday 4th June – TUNISIA Facts about Tunisia - Crossword Literacy Task – Use the facts from previous pages to help you complete the crossword. Feel free to flick back to previous pages. Around The World Thursday 4th June - TUNISIA LITERACY - Ramadan / Eid-Ul-Fitr During the holy month of Ramadan, adult and older children around the world fast from sunrise until sunset for an entire lunar cycle (about a month) in order to enhance their faith and deepen their spiritual being. At the end of this holy month, the festival of Eid-Ul-Fitr is celebrated with visits to the mosque, exchanging of gifts, special meals and celebration with family. Here are some images below of Eid being celebrated in Tunisia: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s-zZvH_mXTw https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6OF4HEGNBRQ

TASK– Eid-Ul-Fitr Poem

Using the information from this page, the videos and the pictures above, imagine you are a 15 year old who has just completed 30 days of fasting for the first time in your life. You are now celebrating Eid-Ul-Fitr in Tunisia – the end of the month of fasting. How are you feeling? What is happening around you? How are people behaving? How are you celebrating?

Considering putting your poem into three of four verses. Around The World Thursday 4th June - TUNISIA SCIENCE / GEOG LITERACY – Sahara Desert

Read the text below and answer the questions on the following page.

The Sahara Desert is the largest hot desert in the world and the third largest desert in the world, following Antarctica and the Arctic—two cold deserts. It is located in North Africa and extends more than 9 million square kilometers, covering parts of ten countries.

The Sahara is the world’s largest low-latitude desert; it is located closer to the equator than the poles. In this high-pressure area, air from the atmosphere sinks down to the ground, leading to warming and drying of air. The sinking air from the atmosphere prevents the evaporation of water from the ground, as well as the subsequent condensation which would lead to cloud formation and rainfall. Thus, the Sahara Desert is an environment with dry air, lots of sunlight, and a lack of clouds and rainfall, contributing to high temperatures and arid overall conditions.

Stone plateaus, known as hamadas, and large spaces populated with sand dunes, known as ergs, are common in the vast desert. Some ergs can rise to nearly 600 feet in height. Wind plays a large role in constructing the desert’s appearance, shaping sand dunes, dune fields, gravel plains, and other natural structures.

Historically, the Sahara has been home to many powerful civilizations, including those of and the Kingdom of Kush. Cities and farming formed along oases and rivers, and trade routes carrying cloth, ivory, jade, and gold across the Sahara helped establish the ancient African economy.

While the Sahara’s conditions are currently extreme, the area actually switches between desert-like and savanna-like conditions every 41,000 years. The alternation is caused by changes in Earth’s axis while it rotates around the sun. The Sahara is expected to become green again in 15,000 years! Around The World Thursday 4th June - TUNISIA SCIENCE / GEOG / LITERACY – Sahara Desert

1. Which statistic is NOT true about the Sahara Desert? A. It is the world’s largest desert B. It extends more than nine million square kilometres C. It is the world’s largest hot desert D. It covers parts of ten African nations

2. Which of the following would be unusual for the Sahara Desert? A. Scorching hot temperatures B. Little to no rainfall C. Fluffy Clouds D. Arid conditions

3. Give an explanation for why the Sahara Desert is so hot and dry?

4. Explain how the wind can affect the Sahara Desert?

5. Which of the following is a true statement about the Sahara Desert? A. Throughout history, the extreme conditions of the Sahara Desert have proven made it impossible for civilizations to thrive in B. The area that is now the Sahara Desert will soon be very different C. The area that is now the Sahara Desert may one day be a rainforest D. The area that is now the Sahara Desert will not always be hot and dry

6. Explain why the landscape of the Sahara Desert eventually change?

7. Creative Writing Task: Write your own short story about a travelling desert that has become lost in the Sahara desert in the middle of a hot day with nothing but his white cotton clothing, and a small bottle of water. Aim to write 5-6 paragraphs about your experience. Around The World Thursday 4th June 2020– Tunisia Numeracy/ Maths Algebra Around The World Thursday 4th June - TUNISIA

MATHS - ALGEBRA

The ancient Arab world, ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi was a 9th-century Muslim mathematician and astronomer. He is known as the "father of algebra", a word derived from the title of his book, Kitab al-Jabr.

The next time your Maths teacher gives you the pleasure of an Algebra lesson, you have Al-Khwarizmi to thank!

Thanks to Al-Khwarizmi, in today’s lesson you will be practicing:

• Simplifying equations • Expanding brackets • Solving equations

Please turn to the following pages for explanations and exercises. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_hM-yjpBWPI

Watch the video from Hegarty maths (link above) and then attempt to simplify the expressions on the right. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9VL7X-hxpPo https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lDlkGqPuHT0

Watch the 2 videos from Hegarty maths (link above) and then expand the brackets on the right. Watch the videos from Hegarty maths (links below) and then attempt to solve the equations on the right. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rkJ_qcriSZU https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JZB0P3hdd6o Around The World Thursday 4th June 2020– Tunisia Creative Arts / Design Around The World Thursday 4th June - TUNISIA CREATIVE ARTS / LITERACY – DOORS IN TUNISIA – TRAVEL BLOG

It’s nearly impossible to visit Tunisia without noticing the beautiful doors. They’re everywhere. I often found myself lost in an ancient medina only to look at my camera roll and realize I’d spent the last 30 minutes taking pictures of doors.

In Tunisia, doors are symbolic reflecting the fortunes and happiness of the families living inside. They are generally built of palm wood reinforced with sheet metal. They are decorated with black studded nails to create complex geometric patterns. Occasionally some doors come with more floral patterns owing to the European influence.

When I visited Tunisia, I was just blown away by these doors. They’re so beautiful, and every city I visited tended to have its own unique style and color. Most doors are blue, but I saw yellow, turquoise, red, and white.

Some of the most common symbols on the doors are the crescent star, minarets flowers, and fir trees. Some of the doors have large archways allowing for a person to enter on a horse without dismounting.

Many will claim that the best doors are in Sidi Bou Said – the Santorini-like coastal town just outside Tunis – but I found that beautiful doors are located throughout the country. You just need to wander down the right side street to find the real treasures.

When I first decided to travel to Tunisia, I was honestly a bit scared. The media doesn’t exactly make North Africa out to be the safest place these days, and I was worried that with the lack of tourists travel would be challenging.

I quickly found out that my initial fears couldn’t be further from the truth. Tunisia was an open and welcoming country. It was very easy to get around and figure things out, and I felt like there was no shortage of excellent hotels at great . I never once felt unsafe, and I am so glad to have visited because it was a truly special trip. Around The World Thursday 4th June - TUNISIA CREATIVE ARTS / LITERACY – TASK 1 - DESIGN A DOOR IN TRADITIONAL TUNISIAN STYLE WITH YOUR OWN CREATIVE TOUCH.

You creative design task will involve doing some further research – look at different styles of Tunisian doors and study their symbology, patterns, shape and colour schemes.

Watching the video below of the picturesque town of Sidi Bou Said may help you along your way.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V3PViosuI50

DESIGN: Your creative task is to come up with 2 of your own designs for a set of double doors.

This will involve:

• Choosing a door shape • Considering the door frame / surroundings • Choosing a colour / colour scheme • Thinking about door handles and their shapes / positions – consider symmetry • Taking inspiration from Tunisian history / culture • Considering how you wish to present your design – you may wish to use sketching, painting, 3d modelling, collage, digital design etc

Be as creative as you like! DOOR DESIGN A DOOR DESIGN B

. TASK 2: YOUR 2ND CREATIVE DESIGN TASK WILL INVOLVE REDESIGNING THE TUNISIAN TEAMS FOOTBALL KIT FOR THE 2022 WORLD CUP.

Your creative task is to come up with your own designs for a completely new shirt (front and back) and shorts.

You should:

Consider the traditional colours of the emblem, flag and culture of the nation.

Think about what you could improve about the existing design.

Annotate (label) your design to explain your thoughts and choices.

Be as creative as you like! TEMPLATE