DOCSLIB.ORG

Race and the Assessment of Credibility

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Michigan Journal of Race and Law Volume 1 1996 The Color of Truth: Race and the Assessment of Credibility Sheri Lynn Johnson Cornell Law School Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.law.umich.edu/mjrl Part of the Law and Psychology Commons, Law and Race Commons, and the Law and Society Commons Recommended Citation Sheri L. Johnson, The Color of Truth: Race and the Assessment of Credibility, 1 MICH. J. RACE & L. 261 (1996). Available at: https://repository.law.umich.edu/mjrl/vol1/iss2/1 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at University of Michigan Law School Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Michigan Journal of Race and Law by an authorized editor of University of Michigan Law School Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE COLOR OF TRUTH: RACE AND THE ASSESSMENT OF CREDIBILITY Sheri Lynn Johnson* IN TRO D U CTIO N ...................................................................................263 I. UNDERSTANDING THE EFFECT OF RACE ON CREDIBILITY D ETERM IN ATIONS ..................................................................................266 A. A Brief and Selective History of Race and Credibility in the Courts ............................................................................................. 267 B. Modem Race and Credibility Cases ...............................................276 1. Two High Profile Cases ..........................................................276 a. W illiam Jackson ......................................................................276 b. C larence Brandley ..................................................................277 2. Barry Lee Fairchild .................................................................280 a. The Facts................................................................................. 280 b. The Legal Claim .....................................................................285 3. Leroy Joseph "Ricky" Drayton ..............................................292 a. T he Facts................................................................................. 292 b. The Legal C laim .....................................................................298 4. Other Modem Examples ........................................................304 a. ProsecutorialMisconduct Cases ............................................305 b .JurorA ccounts .......................................................................308 c. Supreme Court References...................................................... 309 C. The Psychological Dynamics of Race and Credibility A ssessmen ts ....................................................................................312 II. CONTROLS ON RACIALLY INFLUENCED CREDIBILITY D ETERM IN ATIONS ................................................................................317 A. Legal Devices for Reviewing Race-Based Credibility Screening by A dvocates ..................................................................................318 1. D efense A ttorneys ...................................................................318 2. Prosecutors ...............................................................................319 * Professor, Cornell Law School. B.A. 1975, University of Minnesota; J.D. 1979, Yale Law School. This article owes its existence to my clients, Barry Lee Fairchild, who was executed by the State of Arkansas on August 31, 1995, and Ricky Drayton, now on death row in South Carolina. I am grateful to Stephen Garvey, Steven Clymer, John Siliciano, Nancy Cooke, and Winnie Taylor for their comments. 261 Michigan Journalof Race & Law [VOL. 1:2 B. Legal Devices for Regulating Racially Influenced Assessments of Credibilityat the Guilt Adjudication Stage ................................ 320 1. V oir D ire ................................................................................... 320 2. Inflammatory Arguments ...................................................... 321 3. Juror Misconduct ..................................................................... 322 4. Proof of Guilt Beyond a Reasonable Doubt ........................ 324 C. Legal Devices for Controlling the Influence of Race on CredibilityAssessments in the Post-Conviction Process .............. 325 1. State Post-Conviction Proceedings ....................................... 325 2. Federal Habeas Corpus .......................................................... 326 M. PREVENTING RACIALLY BIASED CREDIBILITY DETERMINATIONS .... 327 A. Substantive Restrictions on the CredibilityInferences That May Be Drawnfrom Race .............................................................. 327 1. Inferences from Race to Truthfulness .................................. 328 a. Witness-Specific Racial Motivations...................................... 329 b. Racial Characteristics............................................................. 330 c. Racial Propensity.................................................................... 330 d. IntraracialAlibis or Other Exonerating Testimony .............. 331 e. IntraracialAccusations or Other Inculpatory Testimony ...... 332 f. InterracialAlibis or Other Exculpatory Testimony ................ 333 g. InterracialAccusations or Other Inculpatory Testimony ...... 335 2. Inferences from Race to Accuracy ........................................ 336 a. Witness-Specific Abilities ....................................................... 336 b. Racial Characteristics............................................................. 337 c. IntraracialIdentifications ....................................................... 338 d. InterracialIdentifications ....................................................... 338 e. Interpretive Competence......................................................... 339 B. Mechanismsfor Enforcing ProhibitedRace and Credibility Inferences ........................................................................................ 339 1. Incorporating Constraints on Race and Credibility Inferences into Existing Legal Mechanisms ........................ 339 a. Ineffective Assistance of Counsel............................................ 340 b. Inflammatory Questions and Arguments .............................. 341 c. JurorMisconduct Allegations ................................................ 341 d. Habeas Corpus Review of State Factual Findings................. 342 2. Creating a Mechanism for Constraining Unconstitutional Credibility Determinations ..................... 342 CO NC LU SIO N ........................................................................................ 345 SUMMER 19961 Race & Credibility Then you will know the truth, and the truth will set you free.1 The truth will make us free. The truth will make us free, The truth will make us free someday. Oh deep in my heart, I do believe, We shall overcome someday.2 INTRODUCTION Everything we want to believe about truth and justice is that there is one truth, a color-blind truth, which, in the end, will lead to justice. On the other hand, anyone familiar with the American his- tory must admit that the truth has not always set people free in this country. Are race-based assessments of credibility a thing of the past? "White lies" still refer to harmless, socially useful fibs, and "black lies" mean evil, irredeemable falsehoods. Are these idioms meaningless anachronisms? Just what color is the truth that will make us free today? The verdict in the first Rodney King beating trial was a seminal event for many Americans. For some, the trial underlined the fla- grancy of racial injustice; for others, it reopened racial justice issues they had thought-or had wished to think-were closed. I start with the Rodney King verdict not because it is a prototypic example of the problem I want to address, but because it is still such a promi- nent racial justice icon that a shorthand, so convenient for introductions, is possible. It was difficult for most of us to watch the videotape of police officers beating Rodney King, listen to their tes- timony, and understand how the first jury could have found Officers Powell, Koon, and Briseno credible. Were they believed because they were white, as was most of the jury? The Latina juror in the state case reported that she had been mocked for her desire to re- view the videotape, saying that "it's like they wanted to see what they wanted to see.' There are at least two responses that believers in color-blind truth can make. First, they might explain that the problem was that Rodney King did not take the stand to provide a human version of the videotape's truth. That Powell and Koon were later convicted in the federal trial, in which King did testify, lends some support to 1. John 8:32. 2. WE SHALL OVERCOME, traditional folk song. 3. Joseph Kelner & Robert S. Kelner, The Rodney King Verdict and Voir Dire, 207 N.Y.L.J. 1003, 1006 (1992). Michigan Journal of Race & Law [VOL. 1:2 this theory. If correct, however, this theory simply moves the credibility issue one step back in time, for it leads to the question of why the state prosecutors chose to keep King off the stand. A second swing from the color-blind comer might be that this case was not about credibility at all, but about a warped notion of just deserts: the jurors did not believe the police officers but acquit- ted them anyway. This response suggests that if there is a problem, I have focused on the wrong one; the real problem is actually one of animosity
Recommended publications
  • PATTERSON, William

    PATTERSON, William

    Howard University Digital Howard @ Howard University Manuscript Division Finding Aids Finding Aids 10-1-2015 PATTERSON, William MSRC Staff Follow this and additional works at: https://dh.howard.edu/finaid_manu Recommended Citation Staff, MSRC, "PATTERSON, William" (2015). Manuscript Division Finding Aids. 152. https://dh.howard.edu/finaid_manu/152 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Finding Aids at Digital Howard @ Howard University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Manuscript Division Finding Aids by an authorized administrator of Digital Howard @ Howard University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. SCOPE NOTE The papers of William Lorenzo Patterson (1891-1980), often known as “Mr. Civil Rights,” document the life of the noted political activist, lawyer, orator, organizer, writer and Communist from San Francisco. The papers, which contain correspondence, printed materials, writings, and clippings, span the years 1919-1979. The bulk of the material covers the mid-1950s through 1979 when Patterson lived in New York. The collection measures approximately 15.5 linear feet and mostly highlights Patterson's political activism. His professional career as a lawyer can be analyzed through various cases he worked on through the Communist Party U.S.A. and the International Labor Defense. A view into his personal life can be obtained through his diaries and birthday tributes, as well as in the drafts and galleys of his autobiography, The Man Who Cried Genocide: An Autobiography. Correspondence with his third wife, Louise Thompson Patterson, their daughter, Mary Lou, and fellow activist leaders gives insight into some personal and political beliefs of Patterson, as do his writings on race relations, social injustices and the political activism of various individuals and organizations.
  • Guide, Raymond Pace Alexander Papers (UPT 50 A374R)

    Guide, Raymond Pace Alexander Papers (UPT 50 A374R)

    A Guide to the Raymond Pace Alexander Papers 1880-1975 117.0 Cubic feet UPT 50 A374R Prepared by Thomas G. Potterfield, Maureen B. Spectre, and Theresa R. Snyder, assisted by Susan M. Jenkins November 2015 The University Archives and Records Center 3401 Market Street, Suite 210 Philadelphia, PA 19104-3358 215.898.7024 Fax: 215.573.2036 www.archives.upenn.edu Mark Frazier Lloyd, Director Raymond Pace Alexander Papers UPT 50 A374R TABLE OF CONTENTS PROVENANCE...............................................................................................................................1 ARRANGEMENT...........................................................................................................................1 BIOGRAPHICAL NOTE................................................................................................................1 SCOPE AND CONTENT NOTE................................................................................................... 2 CONTROLLED ACCESS HEADINGS.........................................................................................6 INVENTORY.................................................................................................................................. 8 I. BIOGRAPHICAL AND AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL.............................................................. 8 II. PERSONAL CORRESPONDENCE..................................................................................14 III. GENERAL CORRESPONDENCE.................................................................................
  • 'Crimes of Government': William Patterson, Civil Rights, and American Criminal Justice

    'Crimes of Government': William Patterson, Civil Rights, and American Criminal Justice

    “Crimes of Government” William Patterson, Civil Rights, and American Criminal Justice Alexandra Fay Undergraduate Thesis Department of History Columbia University April 4, 2018 Seminar Advisor: Elizabeth Blackmar Second Reader: Karl Jacoby Contents Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 3 Radical Beginnings ......................................................................................................................... 8 The Scottsboro Nine ..................................................................................................................... 17 The Trenton Six ............................................................................................................................ 32 Conclusion .................................................................................................................................... 52 Bibliography ................................................................................................................................. 63 2 Introduction “Why did you do this thing, Patterson?” demanded Channing Tobias. At the 1951 United Nations convention in Paris, Tobias represented the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). Dignified, sixty-nine-year-old Tobias was an official American delegate. Bombastic, bespectacled, sixty-year-old William Patterson arrived in Paris despite the State Department’s best efforts to keep him away. His mission
  • The Evidence

    The Evidence

    THE EVIDENCE 79 We include the continual and constant threats and demonstrations of the Ku Klux Klan against the Negro people as acts which cause serious mental harm to members of the group. The cases are bare reports, a few among thousands. The incalculable damage that each "case" causes not only to the individual, but to the Negro community, requires little elaboration. What is obvious from , casual notice is the careless disregard for Negro life, liberty, and person ' _hat is the distinctive trait of genocide. ~ Of great pertinence then in the conclusion of Helen V. McLean in an article "Psycho-dynamic Factors in Racial Relations" published in the Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. "The high incidence of hypertension among southern Negroes is prob­ ably one indication of an· unconscious attempt at the mastery of the hostility which must be controlled .... the chronic rage of these individ­ uals produces the hypertension which initially. is fluctuating in character . Eventually the pathological changes resulting from this overload on the cardiovascular-renal system lead to a consistently high blood pressure. "All available evidence from clinicians," the article continues, "indi­ cates that functional (that is psychosomatic) disease is markedly on the increase in the Negro." Dr. E. Franklin Frazier supports this view in an article titled "Psycho­ logical Factors in Negro Health" published in the Journal of Social Forces, Volume 3· "The psychology of the Negro, developed in the repressive environ­ ment in which he lives, might be described as the psychology of the sick .... It must certainly mean a reduction in that energy which char­ acterizes healthy organisms." The mental harm done to the Negro people of the United States by the conditions forced upon them is incalculable.
  • Prophet Singer: the Voice and Vision of Woody Guthrie

    Prophet Singer: the Voice and Vision of Woody Guthrie

    Prophet Singer Prophet Singer THE VOICE AND VISION OF WOODY GUTHRIE MARK ALLAN JACKSON UNIVERSITY PRESS OF MISSISSIPPI / JACKSON AMERICAN MADE MUSIC SERIES ADVISORY BOARD DAVID EVANS, GENERAL EDITOR JOHN EDWARD HASSE BARRY JEAN ANCELET KIP LORNELL EDWARD A. BERLIN FRANK MC ARTHUR JOYCE J. BOLDEN BILL MALONE ROB BOWMAN EDDIE S. MEADOWS SUSAN C. COOK MANUEL H. PEÑA CURTIS ELLISON DAVID SANJEK WILLIAM FERRIS WAYNE D. SHIRLEY MICHAEL HARRIS ROBERT WALSER www.upress.state.ms.us The University Press of Mississippi is a member of the Association of American University Presses. Frontis: An illustration of the vigilante actions of various “Citizens Committees,” c. 1946. Sketch by Woody Guthrie. Courtesy of the Ralph Rinzler Archives. Copyright © 2007 by University Press of Mississippi All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America First Edition 2007 ϱ Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Jackson, Mark Allan. Prophet singer : the voice and vision of Woody Guthrie / Mark Allan Jackson. — 1st ed. p. cm. — (American made music series) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-1-57806-915-6 (cloth : alk. paper) ISBN-10: 1-57806-915-7 (cloth : alk. paper) 1. Guthrie, Woody, 1912–1967. 2. Folk singers—United States—Biography. 3. Folk music—Social aspects—United States. I. Title. ML410.G978J33 2007 782.42162Ј130092—dc22 [B] 2006020846 British Library Cataloging-in-Publication Data available Contents ACKNOWLEDGMENTS [ vii ] PROLOGUE [ 3 ] GIVING A VOICE TO LIVING SONGS CHAPTER ONE [ 19 ] Is This Song Your
  • "A Road to Peace and Freedom": the International Workers Order and The

    "A Road to Peace and Freedom": the International Workers Order and The

    “ A ROAD TO PEACE AND FREEDOM ” Robert M. Zecker “ A ROAD TO PEACE AND FREEDOM ” The International Workers Order and the Struggle for Economic Justice and Civil Rights, 1930–1954 TEMPLE UNIVERSITY PRESS Philadelphia • Rome • Tokyo TEMPLE UNIVERSITY PRESS Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122 www.temple.edu/tempress Copyright © 2018 by Temple University—Of The Commonwealth System of Higher Education All rights reserved Published 2018 All reasonable attempts were made to locate the copyright holders for the materials published in this book. If you believe you may be one of them, please contact Temple University Press, and the publisher will include appropriate acknowledgment in subsequent editions of the book. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Zecker, Robert, 1962- author. Title: A road to peace and freedom : the International Workers Order and the struggle for economic justice and civil rights, 1930-1954 / Robert M. Zecker. Description: Philadelphia : Temple University Press, 2018. | Includes index. Identifiers: LCCN 2017035619| ISBN 9781439915158 (cloth : alk. paper) | ISBN 9781439915165 (paper : alk. paper) Subjects: LCSH: International Workers Order. | International labor activities—History—20th century. | Labor unions—United States—History—20th century. | Working class—Societies, etc.—History—20th century. | Working class—United States—Societies, etc.—History—20th century. | Labor movement—United States—History—20th century. | Civil rights and socialism—United States—History—20th century. Classification: LCC HD6475.A2
  • Mcleod Bethune Papers: the Bethune Foundation Collection Part 2: Correspondence Files, 1914–1955

    Mcleod Bethune Papers: the Bethune Foundation Collection Part 2: Correspondence Files, 1914–1955

    A Guide to the Microfilm Edition of BLACK STUDIES RESEARCH SOURCES Microfilms from Major Archival and Manuscript Collections General Editors: John H. Bracey, Jr. and August Meier BethuneBethuneMaryMary McLeod PAPERS THE BETHUNE FOUNDATION COLLECTION PART 2: CORRESPONDENCE FILES, 19141955 UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIONS OF AMERICA A Guide to the Microfilm Edition of BLACK STUDIES RESEARCH SOURCES Microfilms from Major Archival and Manuscript Collections General Editors: John H. Bracey, Jr. and August Meier Mary McLeod Bethune Papers: The Bethune Foundation Collection Part 2: Correspondence Files, 1914–1955 Editorial Adviser Elaine Smith Alabama State University Project Coordinator Randolph H. Boehm Guide Compiled by Daniel Lewis A microfilm project of UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIONS OF AMERICA An Imprint of CIS 4520 East-West Highway • Bethesda, MD 20814-3389 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Bethune, Mary McLeod, 1875–1955. Mary McLeod Bethune papers [microform] : the Bethune Foundation collection microfilm reels. : 35 mm. — (Black studies research sources) Contents: pt. 1. Writings, diaries, scrapbooks, biographical materials, and files on the National Youth Administration and women’s organizations, 1918–1955. pt. 2. Correspondence Files, 1914–1955. / editorial adviser, Elaine M. Smith: project coordinator, Randolph H. Boehm. Accompanied by printed guide with title: A guide to the microfilm edition of Mary McLeod Bethune papers. ISBN 1-55655-663-2 1. Bethune, Mary McLeod, 1875–1955—Archives. 2. Afro-American women— Education—Florida—History—Sources. 3. United States. National Youth Administration—History—Sources. 4. National Association of Colored Women’s Clubs (U.S.)—History—Sources. 5. National Council of Negro Women— History—Sources. 6. Bethune-Cookman College (Daytona Beach, Fla.)—History— Sources.
  • Transcript, Anne Braden: Southern Patriot Exterior of University Of

    Transcript, Anne Braden: Southern Patriot Exterior of University Of

    Transcript, Anne Braden: Southern Patriot Exterior of University of Louisville building and students. SUBTITLE: University of Louisville 2006 ANNE BRADEN (in class): You do not have to agree with me. I don't want you to agree with me. It's much more interesting if you don't and it does not affect your grade whatsoever. And if you do get involved in things and you go out and get arrested or something, I'll do everything I can to get you out of jail, but I'm not going to give you a better grade for it so [laughter] just so we're clear on that. And they're doing this documentary on me, which embarrasses me highly, but really what they're trying to do is look at the movements that I've been a part of for the last 50 years through the lens of my life. And I know enough about the way people respond now that I know that that is valid, if it just weren't me. That people are more interested in people than ideas initially, but once they get interested in the people they'll move on to what the ideas are. BARBARA RANSBY (giving a speech): SUBTITLE: Barbara Ransby, Historian, University of Illinois at Chicago They were people who were labeled the rebels, the renegades, the outliers. People who weren't afraid to be called crazy or in Ella Baker's case difficult, in Anne Braden's case red. Dreamers that catapult us into a different place. She was born at a time in the Jim Crow south in which there was a very rigid script about what a middle class white woman could be and do.
  • Race and Justice in Mississippi's Central Piney Woods, 1940-2010

    Race and Justice in Mississippi's Central Piney Woods, 1940-2010

    The University of Southern Mississippi The Aquila Digital Community Dissertations Spring 5-2011 Race and Justice in Mississippi's Central Piney Woods, 1940-2010 Patricia Michelle Buzard-Boyett University of Southern Mississippi Follow this and additional works at: https://aquila.usm.edu/dissertations Part of the Cultural History Commons, Political History Commons, Social History Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Buzard-Boyett, Patricia Michelle, "Race and Justice in Mississippi's Central Piney Woods, 1940-2010" (2011). Dissertations. 740. https://aquila.usm.edu/dissertations/740 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by The Aquila Digital Community. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of The Aquila Digital Community. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The University of Southern Mississippi RACE AND JUSTICE IN MISSISSIPPI’S CENTRAL PINEY WOODS, 1940-2010 by Patricia Michelle Buzard-Boyett A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate School of The University of Southern Mississippi in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Approved: Dr. William K. Scarborough Director Dr. Bradley G. Bond Dr. Curtis Austin Dr. Andrew Wiest Dr. Louis Kyriakoudes Dr. Susan A. Siltanen Dean of the Graduate School May 2011 The University of Southern Mississippi RACE AND JUSTICE IN MISSISSIPPI’S CENTRAL PINEY WOODS, 1940-2010 by Patricia Michelle Buzard-Boyett Abstract of a Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate School of The University of Southern Mississippi in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy May 2011 ABSTRACT RACE AND JUSTICE IN MISSISSIPPI’S CENTRAL PINEY WOODS, 1940-2010 by Patricia Michelle Buzard-Boyett May 2011 “Race and Justice in Mississippi’s Central Piney Woods, 1940-2010,” examines the black freedom struggle in Jones and Forrest counties.
  • We Demand Freedom!

    We Demand Freedom!

    We Demand Freedom! T wo Addresses by William L. Patterson National Executive Secretary Civil Rights Congress JOe CIV I L RIGHTS CO GRESS Published by Civil Rights Congress, 23 W. 26th St., New York November, 1951 .....)209 ABOUT THE AUTHOR WILLIAM L. PATTERSON, National Executive Secretary of the Civil Rights Congress, is well known to millions of Negro and white Americans for his militant leadership in the fight to save constitutional liberties for all Americans and to win full civil and human rights for the people-for the Negro people, in particular. As the National Secretary of the International Labor De­ fense in the 1930's, Patterson led the world-wide campaign which saved and eventually freed the nine innocent Scottsboro Negro lads. More recently, he helped save the innocent Trenton Sik from the terrible death , their official framers had prepared for them. The Civil Rights Congress won them a second trial which saw four of these innocent young Negro men freed. Patterson also led the historic t people's movement for the Martinsville Seven in Virginia, and headed the glorious de­ fense of Willie McGee in Mississippi-eight Negroes, innocent of rape, whose lives were taken: on a charge for which no white man in either :rate had ever been given the death penalty. After a Negro-white jury in April, 1951, refused to convict him on a so-called contempt of Congress charge, a second trial of Mr. Patterson was ordered by the Justice Department and set for June 18, but the intervention of 17 Bishops of the AME Zion Church compelled the government to grant an extension of time until January, 1952.
  • The Turning Point in Freedom Road

    The Turning Point in Freedom Road

    TURNING POINT IN FREEDOM ROAD THE FIGHT TO END JIM CROW NOW \ ., ? " • , (.f.. TURNING POINT IN FREEDOM ROAD The Fight To End Jim Crow Now By CLAUDE LIGHTFOOT NEW CENTURY PUBLISHERS: New York 1962 TO THE READER Claude Lightfoot, the author of this pamphlet is a leading Communist spokesman and an important voice among the Negro people. He was indicted, convicted, and later freed, in a federal trial for the "crime" of being a member of the Communist Party under the fascist-like provisions of the Smith Act. Mr. Lightfoot's case drew wide support as a test of the doctrine of "guilt by association." But more than that, his defense was based on the American Bill of Rights, of the right of all Americans­ Communists included-freely to think, speak, write and exchange their views and opinions in the public arena. He is the author of An American L ooks at R ussia: Can we Live in Peace?, Not guilty!, and numerous articles and essays which have appeared in Political Affairs and other periodicals. Published by NEW CENTURY PUBLISHERS, 832 Broadway, N. Y. 3· N. Y. October, 1962 .., 20» I'RINTED I N THE U.S.A. TURNING POINT IN FREEDOM ROAD THE FIGHT TO END JIM CROW NOW By Claude Lightfoot January, 1 g63 marks the hundredth anniversary of the issu­ ance of the Emancipation Proclamation; it is also nine years since the historic Supreme Court ruling on school desegregation. ·It is time for all forces dedicated to freedom's fight to make an in­ ventory on how matten stand in this struggle.
  • Prophet Singer: the Voice and Vision of Woody Guthrie Mark Allan Jackson Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College

    Prophet Singer: the Voice and Vision of Woody Guthrie Mark Allan Jackson Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College

    Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 2002 Prophet singer: the voice and vision of Woody Guthrie Mark Allan Jackson Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations Part of the English Language and Literature Commons Recommended Citation Jackson, Mark Allan, "Prophet singer: the voice and vision of Woody Guthrie" (2002). LSU Doctoral Dissertations. 135. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/135 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please [email protected]. PROPHET SINGER: THE VOICE AND VISION OF WOODY GUTHRIE A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of English By Mark Allan Jackson B.A., Hendrix College, 1988 M.A., University of Arkansas at Fayetteville, 1995 December 2002 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Many people and institutions should be acknowledged for their help in making my dissertation possible. I have to start off by tipping my hat to certain of my friends, people who first asked me interesting questions or spared with me in argument about music. So I salute Casey Whitt, John Snyder, Cody Walker, Derek Van Lynn, Maxine Beach, and Robin Becker. They helped me see the deep places in America’s music, made me think about its beauty and meaning.