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National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) Savannah Branch Records 1911-2013, No Date (Bulk 1931-2001) 6

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National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) Savannah Branch Records 1911-2013, No Date (Bulk 1931-2001) 6 1121-102 GSM-gau (USMARC) 1 City of Savannah Municipal Archives, Savannah, Georgia [GSG (OCLC/LYRASIS)] Record Series #: 1121-102 Name: National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) Savannah branch records Dates: 1911-2013, no date (bulk 1931-2001) Extent/Size: 60 1/2 records cartons, 20 document cases, 9 oversized boxes, 49 oversized folders, 30 volumes, 9 rolled items, 1 framed item (81.8 cubic feet; 2.0 linear feet) Language: English Name of Creator(s): National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) Savannah Branch Westley Wallace Law (W. W. Law) Administrative History: In February of 1917, National Association for the Advancement of Colored People’s (NAACP) Field Secretary, James Weldon Johnson (1871-1938), met with a group of prominent Savannah African Americans to establish a Savannah branch. Joseph C. Lindsay was elected as the first president and by December of 1918 the branch had 79 members. One of the first activities of the Savannah branch was to work with Savannah Mayor Wallace Pierpont as they protested the proposed move of the “red light district” to the predominantly African American neighborhood west of West Broad Street. Throughout the 1920s and early 1930s the Savannah branch fluctuated in membership and their main activities included funding lawyers for wrongly convicted African Americans and hosting national NAACP leaders to encourage membership. However, by 1939 the branch was considered inactive and the charter was revoked. The revival of the NAACP Savannah branch was made possible through the leadership of Reverend Ralph Mark Gilbert (1899-1956). Recently installed as Reverend at First African Baptist Church, Gilbert called a meeting in March 1942 to reestablish the branch. Gilbert was elected President and served the Savannah branch in this capacity from 1942 to 1950. Under Gilbert, the branch’s role in the Civil Rights Movement grew through the use of new confrontational protest techniques and the establishment of a youth council. The Savannah Youth Council was formed in January 1943, and by March of that year had 614 members with Norman L. Gadsden serving as the first president. Reverend Gilbert was also instrumental in the establishment of the Georgia State Conference of NAACP branches. In January 1943, representatives from Georgia NAACP branches met in Savannah to convene the first meeting of the conference and elected Gilbert as the first state President; he served until 1950. Gilbert believed the Georgia State Conference was integral to establishing more branches throughout the state, especially in rural towns and colleges. In 1950, the NAACP Savannah branch elected Westley Wallace “W. W.” Law (1923-2002) President, who at 27 years old was, the youngest branch president in the country. Law had previously served as Savannah Youth Council President and was a mentee of Gilbert’s. Law also served on the NAACP Board of Directors from 1950 to 1980 and was the Georgia State Conference President, from 1955 to 1967. For his leadership in the NAACP, Law faced several instances of discrimination, specifically in 1961 when he was fired from his position with the United States Post Office. Law was only reinstated after national leaders and lawyers advocated on his behalf. 1121-102 GSM-gau (USMARC) 2 City of Savannah, Municipal Archives, Savannah, Georgia [GSG (OCLC/LYRASIS)] Record Series 1121-102, National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) Savannah branch records W. W. Law led several protests, boycotts, mass meetings, sit-ins, pickets, and marches, leading to the successful integration of several Savannah institutions. The years 1960 and 1961 were the height of these protests, including a sixteen-month boycott of downtown Savannah businesses that refused to service or hire African Americans. Boycotts and protests made such a significant revenue impact, many store owners began to implement integration plans by July 1961. Other Savannah facilities integrated as a result of NAACP protests include public libraries, recreational facilities, movie theaters, the municipal golf course and auditorium, Tybee Beach, and public transportation. A lawsuit fought by NAACP lawyers in 1963, Ralph Stell v. Savannah-Chatham County Board of Public Education, led to the integration of public schools in Savannah. The NAACP recruited students to attend all-white schools, and in the fall of 1963, nineteen African American students integrated Savannah High and Groves High schools. All of this was achieved before the passage of the Federal Civil Rights Act of 1964 by Congress. The NAACP Savannah branch continued to fight for equal rights throughout the 1970s and 1980s by taking on employee discrimination cases, protesting police violence against African Americans, and holding voter registration drives to elect African American leaders. NAACP members faced discrimination and violence for their efforts to end racial biases. One example of such violence was the death of City of Savannah Alderman Robbie Robinson, a NAACP lawyer murdered by a mail bomb sent by Walter Moody in December 1989. Law resigned as NAACP Savannah branch President in 1976 and became President Emeritus of the Savannah branch for his tireless and sacrificial efforts to the Civil Rights Movement. Curtis Cooper succeeded him as Savannah branch President until his death in 2000. The NAACP Savannah branch is still active, hosting voter registration drives, political debates, and other activities, with offices located on Martin Luther King, Jr. Boulevard. For more information on the NAACP Savannah branch see: Hoskins, Charles. “A Hard Road to Freedom: The NAACP in Savannah,” NAACP Savannah branch, no date (available on the web at http://www.savnaacp.com/NAACP_SAVANNAH/savhistory.html; accessed 20 July 2020). Rolinson, Mary G. “National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP).” New Georgia Encyclopedia, last updated 26 July 2017 (available on the web at https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/national- association-advancement-colored-people-naacp; accessed 20 July 2020). Scope & Content: The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) Savannah branch records (1911-2013, no date, bulk 1931-2001) contains the operational, membership, and administrative records of the Savannah, Georgia branch of the NAACP. The records were created during W. W. Law’s tenure as President of the Savannah Youth Council, NAACP Savannah branch, and Georgia State Conference, as well as when he was a board member of the National Board of Directors. The records reflect membership, activities, finances, administration, reporting, 1121-102 GSM-gau (USMARC) 3 City of Savannah, Municipal Archives, Savannah, Georgia [GSG (OCLC/LYRASIS)] Record Series 1121-102, National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) Savannah branch records publications, subject files, and correspondence. The records also include reproductions from the Library of Congress’ collection of the national office’s records related to the Savannah branch and other Georgia branches. The significance of this collection is its detailed insight into the national and local Civil Rights Movement, as well as how the local branch interacted within the larger NAACP structure, reflected in the records documenting activities such as voter registration drives, discrimination complaints, court cases, mass meetings, membership campaigns, protest demonstrations, lectures, and participation in NAACP conventions. Items of interest include correspondence from national Civil Rights leaders, including Rosa Parks, Langston Hughes, Roy Wilkins, Clarence Mitchell, and Ruby Hurley, in which they discuss national, local and state events, court cases, and NAACP memberships. System of Arrangement & Ordering: The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) Savannah Branch records are arranged into the following sub-series. See each sub-series scope and content note for more information. Sub-series 1121-102.1 Correspondence Sub-series 1121-102.2 Savannah branch activity records Sub-series 1121-102.3 National, regional, state, and other branches activity records Sub-series 1121-102.4 Membership and related organization records Sub-series 1121-102.5 Publication records Sub-series 1121-102.6 Administrative, financial, and reporting records Sub-series 1121-102.7 Subject files Sub-series 1121-102.8 Library of Congress, National Association for the Advancement of Colored People Records (reproductions) Conditions Governing Access: Collection is partially stored offsite and researchers must request desired records at least one (1) full business day before research appointment for access. Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use: Please read carefully the statement on copyright below. Permission to reproduce does not constitute permission to publish. Researchers who plan publication are asked to discuss this with the archivist first for written permission. While most of the Municipal Archives’ collections are public records and in the public domain, not all are, and the Municipal Archives may not be the owner of copyright for all its archival materials. Researchers are responsible for obtaining any necessary permission to publish from the holder of copyright. In the event that the Municipal Archives becomes a source for publication, a copy of the publication is requested for the Municipal Archives. 1121-102 GSM-gau (USMARC) 4 City of Savannah, Municipal Archives, Savannah, Georgia [GSG (OCLC/LYRASIS)]
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