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Assessment of Solid Waste Disposal Practice Among Neighbourhood in Enugu Urban

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Assessment of Solid Waste Disposal Practice Among Neighbourhood in Enugu Urban 1 ASSESSMENT OF SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL PRACTICE AMONG NEIGHBOURHOOD IN ENUGU URBAN BY EKE FAITH UKAMAKA PG/M.Sc/08/47603 CENTRE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL CENTRE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA ENUGU CAMPUS MARCH, 2015 2 TITLE PAGE ASSESSMENT OF SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL PRACTICE AMONG NEIGHBOURHOOD IN ENUGU URBAN BY EKE FAITH UKAMAKA PG/M.Sc/08/47603 A PROJECT SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF MASTER OF SCIENCE (M.Sc.) DEGREE IN CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL CENTRE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA ENUGU CAMPUS SUPERVISOR: PROF. C.N MADU MARCH, 2015 3 CERTIFICATION This is to certify that Eke Ukamaka with Registration Number PG/MSc./08/47603 was a Postgraduate student of the Department of Center for Environmental Management and Control, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus. She has satisfactorily completed the requirements of the course for the award of Master of Science (M.Sc)Degreein Center for Environmental Management and Control. This project embodies an original work and has not to the best of our knowledge been submitted in part or whole for the award of any other degree in this or to any other University. ____________________ __________________ Eke, Faith Ukamaka Date (Researcher) ____________________ __________________ Prof C.N. Madu Date (Supervisor) _____________________ __________________ Prof C.N. Madu Date Director CEMAC 4 APPROVAL PAGE This project was red and approved by the Department of Center for Environmental Management and Control, University of Nigeria Enugu Campus. ______________________ ________________ EkeFaith Ukamaka Date (Researcher) _______________________ __________________ Prof C.N. Madu Date (Supervisor) ________________________ __________________ Prof C.N. Madu Director CEMAC Date 5 DEDICATION This research project was dedicated to God Almighty, who is the source of inspiration and knowledge 6 ACKNOWLEDGMENT I am very grateful to the God Almighty for His infinite mercies, grace and knowledge giving to me to carry out this work. I am grateful to my project supervisor, Prof C.N. Madu, Dr. H.Eze, Ogbuene Emeka, Livinus Eze who devoted their time diligently guiding me in my project through constructive criticism without which the successful completion of the project would not have been possible. My appreciation also extends to lecturers and other academic staff members of the Department of Center for Environmental Management and Control for making this work see the light of the day. I will never forget the contributions of my family for their encouragement, prayer,moral and financial support that saw me through in this project. I also express my sincere appreciation to my typist for job well done and other well-wishers and to all my classmates for their encouragement and support to me during my study. May God bless you all. 7 ABSTRACT One of the major problems confronting Enugu urban today is poor solid waste disposal practice. In spite of the efforts made by the government to address the problem, there has been no remarkable solution. This study centered on the assessment of solid waste disposal practice among neighbourhood in the study area. The aim of this study was designed to (1) Examine the methods of solid waste disposal and management practice among neighbourhood. (2) To investigate the frequency of solid waste collection by the Authority responsible for it. (3) To determine the number of solid waste dumpsters in the study area. (4) To find out problems of solid waste disposal practice among neighbourhood. In order to effectively carryout the project, four research questions and four hypothesis were postulated. Primary and secondary data were collected to give substance to the work. Again, sample size of 400 households in six neighbourhoods was used while stratified random sampling techniques were used in administering questionnaires to the neighborhoods. The distribution sample was obtained by using the Yamani’s formular of 5% allowable error. Data collected were presented inform of tables. Hypothesis one to four was tested by using ANOVA. The research findings revealed that solid waste disposal and management practice differs among neighborhood to another p = 0.000 which is less than critical value of 0.01. Hence, the result show a significant difference of solid waste disposal method and management practice among the neighbourhood of the study area. The difference of solid waste collection by the Authority responsible differs among different neighbourhood of the study area p = 0.000 is less than critical value 0.01. Hence, the result showed a significant difference in the frequency of solid waste collection by Authority responsible among different study locations. Number of solid waste dumpsters among neigbhourhood in the study areas were significantly different p =0.00; Hence, the result p = 0.000 in this study is less than critical value 0.01. the problems of solid waste disposal practice differ among neighbourhood were significantly different p 0.000; Hence, result in this study is less than critical value 0.01. Based on the findings, the following recommendations were made to improve on solid waste disposal practice among neighbourhood in Enugu urban. (1) The authority should provide more dumpsters that will meet the volume of solid waste being generated by neighbourhood. (2) Creating awareness and enlightenment to individuals in each neighbourhood on the right methods of solid waste disposal. (3)The authority should dispose solid waste at least twice a week in every part of Enugu urban, and also efforts should made to recycle some of these waste products. 8 Table of Contents Title page i Certification ii Approval page iii Dedication iv Acknowledgment v Abstract vi Table of contents vii List of tables x List of figures xi Appendices xii CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the study 1 1.2 Statement of research problem 3 1.3 Aim and objectives of the study 4 1.4 Research questions 4 1.5 Hypothesis 5 1.6 Scope of the study 5 1.7 Limitation of the study 5 1.8 Definition of terms 5 CHAPTER TWO: CONCEPTUAL AND THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK 2.1 Concept of solid waste treatment hierarchy. 7 2.2 Conventional metropolitan solid waste management 10 CHAPTER THREE: LITERATURE REVIEW 3.1 Reviews on municipal solid waste management 13 3.2 An assessment of ground water quality and characterization of leachates and impact on landfills leacheates 24 3.3 Literature review on health implications of urban solid waste disposal 30 3.4 Literature research gaps 31 CHAPTER FOUR: THE STUDY AREA 4.1 Historical background 32 4.2 Geographical location 33 4.3 Physical features 38 CHAPTER FIVE: METHOD AND PROCEDURES 5.1 Types and sources of data 41 5.2 Sampling population / Sample size 42 5.3 survey and methods of data collection 46 5.4 Description of the statistics used for analysis and validation of the research 64 CHAPTER SIX: DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS 9 6.1 Data presentation 51 6.2 Test of Hypothesis 80 6.3 Summary of research findings 84 CHAPTER SEVEN: RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS 7.1 Recommendations 88 7.2 Conclusions 88 References 90 Appendices 98 LIST OF TABLES Table Page 5.1 Population of the selected neighbourhoods 43 5.2 The percentage ratio of sample size of 400 distributed 44 Questionnaires in each of the six neighbourhoods 44 6.1: Questionnaire return rates from respondents in the sample neighbourhoods 51 6.2 Sex of respondents 52 6.3 Marital status of respondents 52 6.4 Age of respondents 53 6.5 Family size 54 6.6 Length of stay in the neighbourhood 55 6.7 Educational attainment of respondents 56 6.8 Occupation of respondents 57 6.9 Religion background of respondents 57 6.10 Monthly income distribution of respondents 58 6.11 Types of solid waste disposal method used by the respondents 59 6.12 The Rate at which authority evaluate off solid waste in the Neighborhoods 62 6.13 Number of solid waste dumpster 65 6.14 Organs that collects solid waste in the neighbourhoods 68 6.15 ANOVA of difference in solid waste disposal method and management Practice 81 6.16 ANOVA of difference in frequency of solid waste collection in the study area 82 6.17 ANOVA of difference in number of dumpster 83 6.18 ANOVA of problems of solid waste disposal 83 LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 2.1 Waste Treatment Hierarchy 9 2.2 Conventional metropolitan solid waste management 12 3.1 Map of Nigeria Showing Enugu State 34 3.2 Map of Enugu showing area of coverage 35 3.3 Map of Enugu North 36 3.4 Map of Enugu South 37 3.5 Map of Enugu East 38 10 LIST OF APPENDICES Appendix Page 1. Marthus exponential formula 98 2. Data analysis 99 3. Questionnaire 103 11 CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.0 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Solid waste disposal and management is a disturbing issue in most developing countries like Nigeria. Solid waste disposal is a disturbing issue in most developing countries like Nigeria. The alarming rate of domestic waste generation exploding population and increasing urbanization outweighs the approaches adopted by government on solid waste disposal. (Adejobi and Oloruninbe 2014). The poor disposal of solid waste is one of the major causes of bad quality environment in many cities and towns in Africa today. In recent time, urban centres in Africa have shown that the problem of solid waste management has become a major concern for authorities, state and federal government, environmentalist, planners and other related professionals alike (YUSUF and Chukwuemeka 2015). Enugu Urban is presently facing poor environmental quality due to ineffective disposal of solid waste. the rate of solid waste generation is so high that it has outpaced the rate of collection transportation and disposal by the authority responsible for it.
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