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The Fate of the Mentally Ill During the Second World War (1940–1945) in Troms and Finnmark, Norway Åshild Fause
The fate of the mentally ill during the Second World War (1940–1945) in Troms and Finnmark, Norway Åshild Fause Introduction Norway was occupied by Germany in 1940–1945 and from February 1942 the Government was led by Nazi German dictatorship. As a part of their withdrawal from the eastern front, th|e Germans effectuated the scorched earth strategy in October 1944, and more than 50,000 inhabitants from the county of Finnmark and from the northern part of the county of Troms were deported southwards. Among them were some mentally ill. From the early 20th century, and until 1930, the publicly supported private care system had become the most common form of mental health care in Norway (Fause 2007, 146). Private care meant to be taken care of by private people, preferably farming families. The family received public compensation for having the mentally ill living in their home. This arrangement was administered by the medical practitioners and by the municipal poor relief, under close inspection and monitoring. Alta, Hammerfest and the western part of Finnmark were the municipalities hosting most mentally ill in private family care. In Germany, more than 300,000 mentally ill were killed during the Nazi regime’s programme of killing institutionalised patients in 1939–1945 (Meyer 1988, Burleigh 1994, Browning 2005, Gittelman 2006). The reason why this could happen in Germany is found in both the eugenic movement and economic causes (Meyer 1988, Mueller and Beddies, 2006). Hospital beds were needed for wounded soldiers. With the greatest number of German soldiers deployed in the country per head of population, it became necessary to reduce the costs in both health arrangements in general and in the mental health care arrangements in Norway (Gogstad 2005, 213). -
Calanus Species Assessed with Molecular Tools in a North Atlantic Fjord
Course code: BIO5002_1 Candidate name: Anne Marte Lübker Masteroppgave I biologi og akvakultur Phenology and dynamics of 4 co-existent Calanus species assessed with molecular tools in a North Atlantic fjord Date: 16.11.2018 Total number of pages: 47 Acknowledgements The presented thesis is the final part of a two-year Master of Science program at the Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway. A special thanks goes to my supervisor, Marvin Choquet, for always taking the time to answer whatever question was at hand. And for spending endless hours assisting me in the laboratory. This project would not have been possible without his help. And a thanks goes to my supervisor, Galice Hoarau, for making the thesis possible. Thank you to Morten Krogstad and the rest of the crew at the marine research station in Mørkvedbukta who provided the field work assistance. Further, I thank Ove Nicolaisen for help with statistical analysis. i Abstract The major aim of this study was to investigate the timing of four Calanus species main phenological events and to establish their ecological niche in an area where they co-occur. The recently unveiled area of co-occurrence of Calanus finmarchicus, C. glacialis, C. hyperboreus and C. helgolandicus located in a Norwegian fjord, the Skjerstadfjord (northern Norway), represents an ideal opportunity to study the limits of each species’ ecological niche. For this purpose, I investigated the Calanus species composition and vertical distribution over approximately one year, from April 2017 to March 2018, using multinet sampling. As Calanus spp. are morphologically very similar, species composition was determined by the use of molecular markers to identify individual to species level. -
Diet Composition of Cod (Gadus Morhua): Small-Scale Differences in a Sub-Arctic Fjord
Diet composition of cod (Gadus morhua): small-scale differences in a sub-arctic fjord Enoksen, Siri Elise BI309F MSc IN MARINE ECOLOGY Faculty for Biosciences and Aquaculture May 2015 Acknowledgements The presented thesis is the final part of a two-year Master of Science program at the Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, University of Nordland, Bodø, Norway. I owe my supervisor Associate Professor Henning Reiss eternal gratitude for his patience and all the help with sampling, species determination and writing of this thesis. Without his expertise and guidance, this master thesis would not have been possible. A special thanks to Bjørn Tore Zahl at Saltstraumen Brygge, Geir Jøran Nyheim at Saltstraumen camping, Lill-Anita Stenersen at Kafe Kjelen, Fauske Båtforening and Saltdal Båtforening for helping during sampling, Coop Extra Bygg Fauske for sponsoring sheds for collecting stations, and to all anglers who handed inn samples. This project would not have been possible without their help. I would like to thank Professor Truls Moum, Martina Kopp, Vigdis Edvardsen, Tor Erik Jørgensen and Teshome Tilahun Bizuayehu for help and guidance during DNA barcoding analysis. I thank Nina Tande Hansen and Bibbi Myrvoll at Karrieresenteret Indre Salten for believing in me and convincing me that I was capable of studying at university level. This thesis would not have been possible without their guidance. I would also like to thank my family for their patience during the five years of fulfilling my Master. i Table of contents Acknowledgements ......................................................................................................................... -
Recreational Fisheries Target Declining Populations of Brown Trout (Salmo Trutta L.) in Northern Norway As Revealed by a Genome Wide Array of SNP Markers
Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, Department of Arctic and Marine Biology Recreational fisheries target declining populations of brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) in Northern Norway as revealed by a genome wide array of SNP markers Simon Nordblad Schmidt BIO-3950 Master’s thesis in Biology, November 2019 (This page is intentionally left blank) Table of contents Preface and acknowledgements 1 General introduction 3 Study area 3 Life history of brown trout 6 A brief introduction to population genetics 7 Methods used to investigate population structure 8 Authors contributions 9 References 11 Recreational fisheries target declining populations of brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) in Northern Norway as revealed by a genome wide array of SNP markers 15 Abstract 15 Introduction 17 Materials and methods 19 Study area 19 Sample collection 21 DNA extraction, quality assessment and quantification 21 Species and sex determination 21 Genotyping 22 Evaluation of genotyping quality 22 Test for locus under selection and estimation of basic population genetic parameters 23 Establishment of reference populations 23 Assignment of individuals of recreational migratory brown trout fisheries 24 Effective population size 25 Results 27 Basic pop parameters and establishment of dataset and test for locus under selection 27 Population structure and establishment of reference populations 27 Genetic mixture analysis of recreational migratory brown trout fisheries 29 Weight and length distribution of the mixed stock 29 Effective population size estimates 31 Discussion 33 References 37 Supplementary 42 (This page is intentionally left blank) Preface and acknowledgements This Master’s thesis is written as an extended draft of a manuscript intended for publication in a scientific peer-reviewed journal. -
Call for Coordinators Bodo 2018
! CALL for COORDINATORS Young Planning Professionals’ Workshop organised as part of the 54th ISOCARP WORLD CONGRESS BODØ, NORWAY, 27 September - 1 October 2018 Cool and Connected: Planning Bodø through Urban Flows BACKGROUND The Young Planning Professionals’ Programme was initiated in 1991 at the 26th ISOCARP Congress in Guadalajara, Mexico. Since then, senior members of ISOCARP have happily – and at times perhaps a little enviously – observed the competition for admission to the workshop, the creative spirit of the workshop itself, and the enthusiastic response of the participants. It has become tradition to organise the workshops in the week preceding the annual world congress in order to provide unique opportunities to Young Planning Professionals (YPPs) to share their experiences in an attempt to resolve complex and multi-dimensional planning problems. The YPP Programme, together with workshops and intensive training programmes, has become a source of meaningful debate, and new ideas and rejuvenation for the Society; and has made a huge impact on participants’ professional lives. It has contributed towards making life-long friendships beyond borders, languages, cultures and professional backgrounds. According to this tradition, two YPP workshop will be offered this year during the 54th ISOCARP World Planning Congress, one of which will take place in Bodø, Norway. The workshop itself will take place between 27 September and 1 October, and the final presentation will be scheduled during one of the congress sessions. The workshop will be organised in partnership with Bodø Municipality. ISOCARP YOUNG PLANNING PROFESSIONALS’ WORKSHOP . ORGANISED IN PARTNERSHIP WITH BODØ MUNICIPALITY . SEPT 27 - OCT 1, 2018 . BODØ, NORWAY ! OBJECTIVES OF THE WORKSHOP Since 1991, the objective of ISOCARP’s Young Planning Professionals’ Workshops has been to bring together young professional urban planners from all parts of the world. -
Connectivity Among Subpopulations of Norwegian Coastal Cod Impacts of Physical-Biological Factors During Egg Stages
Connectivity among subpopulations of Norwegian Coastal cod Impacts of physical-biological factors during egg stages Mari Skuggedal Myksvoll Dissertation for the degree of Philosophiae Doctor (PhD) Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen, Norway January 2012 Connectivity among subpopulations of Norwegian Coastal cod Impacts of physical-biological factors during egg stages Mari Skuggedal Myksvoll Institute of Bjerknes Center for Marine Research Climate Research Dissertation for the degree of Philosophiae Doctor (PhD) Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen, Norway January 2012 Outline This thesis consists of an introduction and four papers. The introduction provides a scientic background of the population structure of Atlantic cod stocks in Norwegian Waters and the research history of fjord dynamics (Section 1). Section 2 states the motivation for the study and the most important results from the papers. A discussion follows focusing on the implications of the present results (Section 3) and perspectives for future research are stated in Section 4. • Paper I: Retention of coastal cod eggs in a fjord caused by interactions between egg buoyancy and circulation pattern Myksvoll, M.S., Sundby, S., Ådlandsvik, B. and Vikebø, F. (2011) Marine and Coastal Fisheries, 3, 279-294. • Paper II: Importance of high resolution wind forcing on eddy activity and particle dispersion in a Norwegian fjord Myksvoll, M.S., Sandvik, A.D., Skarðhamar, J. and Sundby, S. (2012) Submitted to Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Sciences • Paper III: Eects of river regulations on fjord dynamics and retention of coastal cod eggs Myksvoll, M.S., Sandvik, A.D., Asplin, L. and Sundby, S. (2012) Manuscript • Paper IV: Modeling dispersal of eggs and quantifying connectivity among Norwegian Coastal cod subpopulations Myksvoll, M.S., Jung, K.-M., Albretsen, J. -
Natural Stone in Norway: Production, Deposits and Developments
NGU-BULL 436, 2000 - PAGE 15 Natural stone in Norway: production, deposits and developments TOM HELDAL & PEER R. NEEB Heldal, T. & Neeb, P. R. 2000: Natural stone in Norway: production, deposits and developments. Norges geologiske undersøkelse Bulletin 436, 15-26. The natural stone industry has, during the last two decades, experienced a tremendous growth both on a global scale and within a Norwegian context. At the present time, the natural stone industry contributes significantly to total Norwegian mineral production and export. The production of larvikite is, by far, the most important part of the industry, followed by slate and metamorphic flagstone. Future reserves of these important resources are considered to be large. In addition, a diversified natural stone industry aimed for local and domestic markets is growing in most parts of the country, driven by an increased use of stone for buildings domestically, and by the need for paving stones in urban areas. There exists a considerable potential for the development of new natural stone deposits, as well as revitalising old quarries in the light of the expanding and increasingly diversified use of stone. However, the possibilities for the development of new deposits for export-oriented production is probably limited to a few geological provinces containing unique rock types. Environmental issues and land use regulations will undoubtedly influence natural stone exploitation in Norway, and there are considerable future challenges concerning the handling of waste from production, ‘peaceful’ co-existence between industry and community, and the integration of information on natural stone deposits into plans for land use. Tom Heldal & Peer Richard Neeb, Norges geologiske undersøkelse, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway. -
A Vibrant City on the Edge of Nature 2019/2020 Welcome to Bodø & Salten
BODØ & SALTEN A vibrant city on the edge of nature 2019/2020 Welcome to Bodø & Salten. Only 90 minutes by plane from Oslo, between the archipelago and south, to the Realm of Knut Hamsun in the north. From Norway’s the peaks of Børvasstidene, the coastal town of Bodø is a natural second biggest glacier in Meløy, your journey will take you north communications hub and the perfect base from which to explore via unique overnight accommodations, innumerable hiking trails the region. The town also has gourmet restaurants, a water and mountain peaks, caves, fantastic fishing spots, museums park, cafés and shopping centres, as well as numerous festivals, and cultural events, and urban life in one of the country’s including the Nordland Music Festival, with concerts in a beautiful quickest growing cities, Bodø. In the Realm of Hamsun in the outdoor setting. Hamsun Centre, you can learn all about Nobel Prize winner Knut Hamsun`s life and works, and on Tranøy, you can enjoy open-air This is a region where you can get close to natural phenomena. art installations against the panoramic backdrop of the Lofoten There is considerable contrast – from the sea to tall mountains, mountain range. from the midnight sun to the northern lights, from white sandy beaches to naked rock. The area is a scenic eldorado with wild On the following pages, we will present Bodø and surroundings countryside and a range of famous national parks. Here, you can as a destination like no other, and we are more than happy immerse yourself in magnificent natural surroundings without to discuss any questions, such as possible guest events and having to stand in line. -
Arkeologisk Georadarundersøkelse Ved Bodøsjøen, Bodø Kommune I Nordland Fylke
Arne Anderson Stamnes og Krzysztof Kiersnowski Arkeologisk georadarundersøkelse ved Bodøsjøen, Bodø Kommune i Nordland fylke. 4 - 2020 isk rapport NTNU Vitenskapsmuseet arkeolog NTNU Vitenskapsmuseet arkeologisk rapport 2020:4 Arne Anderson Stamnes og Krzysztof Kiersnowski Arkeologisk georadarundersøkelse ved Bodøsjøen, Bodø Kommune i Nordland fylke 1 NTNU Vitenskapsmuseet arkeologisk rapport Dette er en elektronisk serie fra 2014. Serien er ikke periodisk, og antall nummer varierer per år. Rapportserien benyttes ved endelig rapportering fra prosjekter eller utredninger, der det også forutsettes en mer grundig faglig bearbeidelse. Tidligere utgivelser: http://www.ntnu.no/vitenskapsmuseet/publikasjoner Referanse Stamnes, A. A. & K. Kiersnowski 2020: NTNU Vitenskapsmuseet arkeologisk rapport 2020:4. Arkeologisk georadarundersøkelse ved Bodøsjøen, Bodø kommune i Nordland fylke. Trondheim, mars 2020 Utgiver NTNU Vitenskapsmuseet Institutt for arkeologi og kulturhistorie 7491 Trondheim Telefon: 73 59 21 45 e-post: [email protected] Ansvarlig signatur Bernt Rundberget (instituttleder) Kvalitetssikret av Ellen Grav Ellingsen (serieredaktør) Publiseringstype Digitalt dokument (pdf) Forsidefoto Georadaren fotografert i lavt sollys ved Bodøsjøen. Foto: Arne Anderson Stamnes, NTNU Vitenskapsmuseet www.ntnu.no/vitenskapsmuseet ISBN 978-82-8322-235-7 ISSN 2387-3965 2 Sammendrag Stamnes, A. A. & K. Kiersnowski 2020: NTNU Vitenskapsmuseet arkeologisk rapport 2020:4. Arkeologisk georadarundersøkelse ved Bodøsjøen, Bodø kommune i Nordland fylke. I November 2019 ble det utført en georadarundersøkelse av et areal på nesten 10 hektar ved Bodøsjøen, Bodø kommune. Undersøkelsen ble foretatt av forskere fra forskergruppen TEMAR (Terrestrial, Marine and Aerial Remote Sensing) ved Institutt for arkeologi og kulturhistorie på Vitenskapsmuseet i Trondheim. Undersøkelsen ble utført på vegne av Nordland fylkeskommune for Bodø kommune, i forbindelse med arbeidet med ny kommunedelplan for området. -
Variable Predator–Prey Relations in Zooplankton Overwintering in Subarctic Fjords Stig Skreslet , Marina Espinasse , Ketil Olsen & Boris D
RESEARCH ARTICLE Variable predator–prey relations in zooplankton overwintering in Subarctic fjords Stig Skreslet , Marina Espinasse , Ketil Olsen & Boris D. Espinasse Faculty for Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway Abstract Keywords Zooplankton predator–prey relations in northern Norwegian fjords are highly Crustacea; Polychaeta; Chaetognatha; variable in time and space, and the mechanisms driving this variability are still Coelenterata; advection; predation poorly understood. Replicate Juday net sampling in October and February from 1983 to 2005, which included five repeated tows from bottom to surface, was Correspondence conducted in Saltfjord and Mistfjord, northern Norway. The time-series pro- Stig Skreslet, Faculty for Biosciences and vided evidence of in situ variability in species abundance, as well as seasonal Aquaculture, Nord University, PO Box 614, NO-8622 Mo i Rana, Norway. E-mail: stig. and interannual changes in standing stock abundance. The shallow sill of one [email protected] fjord caused accumulation of coastal water in the fjord’s basin, while the other fjord’s deeper sill selected denser water of Atlantic origin from the same open Abbreviations shelf habitat. The selective advection caused differences in the immigration CIV, CV, CVI: copepodid stages of species recruiting to the fjords’ specific overwintering communities of zoo- DI: deviation index plankton. Statistical analyses of the cumulated replicate data indicated signifi- DVM: diurnal vertical migration cant in situ variability in the spatial density of species. Cases with an abundance NAC: Norwegian Atlantic Current NCC: Norwegian Coastal Current of carnivores relating positively to other species probably resulted from the carnivores’ attraction to patches with concentrations of prey. Interspecific neg- ative density relations likely indicated either predator avoidance or substantial trophic activity during the sampling. -
Geological Guide
Geology and landscape around the Arctic Circle in Norway – Part II GEOLOGICAL GUIDE 26 27 Saltfjellet Between Svartisen and the Swedish border there is an extensive mountain area with varying scenery, ranging from barren mountains to fertile valleys. Saltfjellet lies furthest east. Here mountain plateau, broad valleys and rounded summits characterize the landscape which is developed in mainly granitic rocks. Further west, the height differences are accentuated and lofty mountain summits and narrow valleys prevail. The largest valleys, Saltdalen, Beiardalen, Bjøllådalen and Stormdalen extend in a mainly north-south direction and are aligned along the main structures of the bedrock which is here dominated by mica-schist and marble. The valleys usually follow marble belts and therefore have quite a luxurious and species-rich vegetation. The bedrock on Saltfjellet is characterized by light-coloured granitic gneisses. The main minerals are quartz, feldspar and a little mica. A special type of gneiss., containing the aluminium-rich mineral kyanite, is also found among the rocks on Saltfjellet. The mineral topaz is also found in the same zone. There are few exposures along the road over Saltfjellet, but on the northern slope, through Lønsdalen, there are several outcrops of these rocks in road-cuts. The great ice-sheet covering Scandinavia began slowly to release its grip on Saltfjellet a little over 9,000 years ago. The mountain tops were the first to become ice-free, and afterwards more and more of the mountain areas emerged as the glacier surface melted down and the ice-front retreated into the valleys. The ice mass was still enormous further east and extended to the Gulf. -
On the Traces of the Ice Ages in Nordland, Troms, and the South Western Part of Finnmark in Northern Norway
Ms. re c. May 18, l 938. ON THE TRACES OF THE ICE AGES IN NORDLAND, TROMS, AND THE SOUTH WESTERN PART OF FINNMARK IN NORTHERN NORWAY BY OLE T. GRØNLIE 18 TEKSTF!G. AND 5 PL. Introdu c ti on. In later years several authors have devoted a more or less close study to the quaternary geology of Northern Norway. In the first place are here to be mentioned TANNER 1930 (20) and NORDHAGEN 1933 and 1935 (14 and 15). The present author has also for many years been interested in quaternary geological problems and has in the course of time collected a varied material concerning these matters in that part of our country. On account of duties as a functionary I have had too little time for working out the material collected or the working has been so much retarded that something may have been forgotten and more or less lost when it was to be used. As it is the quaternary conditions of Northern Norway have at present got such an actuality that I find it appropriate to present a part of the material which I have been able to work out, and to take a preliminary view of the said problems. CONTENTS Page I. The Great lee Age . 2 Il. The Last lee Age . Il l. Stages of the ice border during the metting period . Il 2. The maximal thickness of the last in land ice . .... .... ......... .. 20 3. The evidences of fossils and living plants of a last ice age ........... 25 Ill. The Late Glacial Shore Lines .