1Wuv Lichtarge Lab 2006

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

1Wuv Lichtarge Lab 2006 Pages 1–8 1wuv Evolutionary trace report by report maker April 13, 2009 4.3.1 Alistat 7 4.3.2 CE 7 4.3.3 DSSP 7 4.3.4 HSSP 7 4.3.5 LaTex 7 4.3.6 Muscle 7 4.3.7 Pymol 8 4.4 Note about ET Viewer 8 4.5 Citing this work 8 4.6 About report maker 8 4.7 Attachments 8 1 INTRODUCTION From the original Protein Data Bank entry (PDB id 1wuv): Title: Crystal structure of native canavalia gladiata lectin (cgl) : a tetrameric cona-like lectin Compound: Mol id: 1; molecule: concanavalin a; chain: a, d, g, j; synonym: lectin Organism, scientific name: Canavalia Gladiata; 1wuv contains a single unique chain 1wuvA (237 residues long) and its homologues 1wuvJ, 1wuvD, and 1wuvG. CONTENTS 2 CHAIN 1WUVA 1 Introduction 1 2.1 P81461 overview 2 Chain 1wuvA 1 From SwissProt, id P81461, 99% identical to 1wuvA: 2.1 P81461 overview 1 Description: Concanavalin A (Con A). 2.2 Multiple sequence alignment for 1wuvA 1 Organism, scientific name: Canavalia virosa. 2.3 Residue ranking in 1wuvA 1 Taxonomy: Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; 2.4 Top ranking residues in 1wuvA and their position on Tracheophyta; Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; eudicotyledons; core the structure 2 eudicotyledons; rosids; eurosids I; Fabales; Fabaceae; Papilionoi- 2.4.1 Clustering of residues at 25% coverage. 2 deae; Phaseoleae; Canavalia. 2.4.2 Overlap with known functional surfaces at Function: Glucose/D-mannose specific lectin. 25% coverage. 2 Subunit: Homotetramer. 2.4.3 Possible novel functional surfaces at 25% Miscellaneous: Binds one manganese (or other transition metal) ion coverage. 5 and one calcium ion. The metal ions are essential for the saccharide- binding and cell-agglutinating activities. 3 Notes on using trace results 6 Similarity: Belongs to the leguminous lectin family. 3.1 Coverage 6 About: This Swiss-Prot entry is copyright. It is produced through a 3.2 Known substitutions 6 collaboration between the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics and the 3.3 Surface 6 EMBL outstation - the European Bioinformatics Institute. There are 3.4 Number of contacts 6 no restrictions on its use as long as its content is in no way modified 3.5 Annotation 6 and this statement is not removed. 3.6 Mutation suggestions 6 2.2 Multiple sequence alignment for 1wuvA 4 Appendix 7 For the chain 1wuvA, the alignment 1wuvA.msf (attached) with 25 4.1 File formats 7 sequences was used. The alignment was downloaded from the HSSP 4.2 Color schemes used 7 database, and fragments shorter than 75% of the query as well as 4.3 Credits 7 duplicate sequences were removed. It can be found in the attachment 1 Lichtarge lab 2006 Fig. 1. Residues 1-118 in 1wuvA colored by their relative importance. (See Appendix, Fig.10, for the coloring scheme.) Fig. 2. Residues 119-237 in 1wuvA colored by their relative importance. (See Appendix, Fig.10, for the coloring scheme.) Fig. 3. Residues in 1wuvA, colored by their relative importance. Clockwise: front, back, top and bottom views. to this report, under the name of 1wuvA.msf. Its statistics, from the alistat program are the following: 2.4.1 Clustering of residues at 25% coverage. Fig. 4 shows the Format: MSF top 25% of all residues, this time colored according to clusters they Number of sequences: 25 belong to. The clusters in Fig.4 are composed of the residues listed Total number of residues: 5516 Smallest: 182 Largest: 237 Average length: 220.6 Alignment length: 237 Average identity: 39% Most related pair: 98% Most unrelated pair: 19% Most distant seq: 30% Furthermore, 3% of residues show as conserved in this alignment. The alignment consists of 36% eukaryotic ( 36% plantae) sequences. (Descriptions of some sequences were not readily availa- ble.) The file containing the sequence descriptions can be found in the attachment, under the name 1wuvA.descr. 2.3 Residue ranking in 1wuvA The 1wuvA sequence is shown in Figs. 1–2, with each residue colo- red according to its estimated importance. The full listing of residues in 1wuvA can be found in the file called 1wuvA.ranks sorted in the attachment. 2.4 Top ranking residues in 1wuvA and their position on the structure In the following we consider residues ranking among top 25% of Fig. 4. Residues in 1wuvA, colored according to the cluster they belong to: red, followed by blue and yellow are the largest clusters (see Appendix for residues in the protein . Figure 3 shows residues in 1wuvA colored the coloring scheme). Clockwise: front, back, top and bottom views. The by their importance: bright red and yellow indicate more conser- corresponding Pymol script is attached. ved/important residues (see Appendix for the coloring scheme). A Pymol script for producing this figure can be found in the attachment. in Table 1. 2 Table 1. cluster size member color residues red 46 4,5,6,7,8,9,10,14,19,20,24 26,27,28,29,30,31,34,37,40 45,46,48,49,50,51,52,54,55 56,60,61,62,63,64,74,75,76 77,79,80,81,85,86,87,89 blue 11 92,93,94,95,97,98,102,104 106,108,109 yellow 3 111,113,114 Table 1. Clusters of top ranking residues in 1wuvA. 2.4.2 Overlap with known functional surfaces at 25% coverage. The name of the ligand is composed of the source PDB identifier and the heteroatom name used in that file. Manganese (ii) ion binding site. Table 2 lists the top 25% of resi- dues at the interface with 1wuvAMN239 (manganese (ii) ion). The following table (Table 3) suggests possible disruptive replacements for these residues (see Section 3.6). Table 2. res type subst’s cvg noc/ dist (%) bb (A˚ ) 10 D D(100) 0.04 4/0 2.14 24 H H(100) 0.04 5/0 2.13 19 D D(95) 0.08 5/1 2.26 N(4) 8 E E(95) 0.09 4/0 2.18 T(4) 34 S S(95) 0.10 1/0 4.12 X(4) Table 2. The top 25% of residues in 1wuvA at the interface with manga- nese (ii) ion.(Field names: res: residue number in the PDB entry; type: amino acid type; substs: substitutions seen in the alignment; with the percentage of each type in the bracket; noc/bb: number of contacts with the ligand, with the number of contacts realized through backbone atoms given in the bracket; dist: distance of closest apporach to the ligand. ) Table 3. res type disruptive mutations 10 D (R)(FWH)(KYVCAG)(TQM) 24 H (E)(TQMD)(SNKVCLAPIG)(YR) 19 D (R)(FWH)(Y)(VCAG) 8 E (FWH)(R)(YVA)(KCG) 34 S (KR)(FQMWH)(YE)(NLPI) Table 3. List of disruptive mutations for the top 25% of residues in 1wuvA, that are at the interface with manganese (ii) ion. Figure 5 shows residues in 1wuvA colored by their importance, at the interface with 1wuvAMN239. Interface with 1wuvG1.By analogy with 1wuvG – 1wuvG1 inter- face. Table 4 lists the top 25% of residues at the interface with 3 Table 4. continued res type subst’s cvg noc/ dist (%) bb (A˚ ) D(11) T(44) N(4) Q(4) 64 V V(76) 0.23 15/2 3.08 F(8) I(8) K(4) R(4) 51 H S(35) 0.24 23/0 3.54 W(20) H(35) I(4) V(4) 55 N T(28) 0.25 22/0 3.56 N(56) D(16) Table 4. The top 25% of residues in 1wuvA at the interface with 1wuvG1. Fig. 5. Residues in 1wuvA, at the interface with manganese (ii) ion, colored (Field names: res: residue number in the PDB entry; type: amino acid type; by their relative importance. The ligand (manganese (ii) ion) is colored green. substs: substitutions seen in the alignment; with the percentage of each type Atoms further than 30A˚ away from the geometric center of the ligand, as well in the bracket; noc/bb: number of contacts with the ligand, with the number of as on the line of sight to the ligand were removed. (See Appendix for the contacts realized through backbone atoms given in the bracket; dist: distance coloring scheme for the protein chain 1wuvA.) of closest apporach to the ligand. ) 1wuvG1. The following table (Table 5) suggests possible disruptive Table 5. replacements for these residues (see Section 3.6). res type disruptive mutations Table 4. 108 S (KR)(FQMWH)(E)(NYLPI) res type subst’s cvg noc/ dist 75 V (YR)(KE)(H)(QD) (%) bb (A˚ ) 76 S (K)(R)(QM)(FNELWPHI) 108 S S(95) 0.04 5/0 3.97 60 R (T)(Y)(D)(SECG) G(4) 62 S (R)(K)(H)(FQW) 75 V L(64) 0.12 1/1 4.76 63 A (Y)(R)(KE)(H) V(35) 74 T (R)(K)(H)(FW) 76 S S(83) 0.13 8/0 3.48 49 T (R)(FKW)(H)(M) Y(16) 64 V (Y)(E)(D)(KR) 60 R N(52) 0.14 48/0 2.36 51 H (E)(Q)(D)(K) R(40) 55 N (Y)(FWH)(R)(TVA) I(8) 62 S S(88) 0.16 20/3 3.23 T(4) Table 5. List of disruptive mutations for the top 25% of residues in D(4) 1wuvA, that are at the interface with 1wuvG1. A(4) 63 A V(56) 0.18 4/4 3.63 Figure 6 shows residues in 1wuvA colored by their importance, at the A(40) interface with 1wuvG1.
Recommended publications
  • A Synopsis of Phaseoleae (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae) James Andrew Lackey Iowa State University
    Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 1977 A synopsis of Phaseoleae (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae) James Andrew Lackey Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Botany Commons Recommended Citation Lackey, James Andrew, "A synopsis of Phaseoleae (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae) " (1977). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 5832. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/5832 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This material was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. 1.The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting thru an image and duplicating adjacent pages to insure you complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a large round black mark, it is an indication that the photographer suspected that the copy may have moved during exposure and thus cause a blurred image.
    [Show full text]
  • Perennial Grain Legume Domestication Phase I: Criteria for Candidate Species Selection
    sustainability Review Perennial Grain Legume Domestication Phase I: Criteria for Candidate Species Selection Brandon Schlautman 1,2,* ID , Spencer Barriball 1, Claudia Ciotir 2,3, Sterling Herron 2,3 and Allison J. Miller 2,3 1 The Land Institute, 2440 E. Water Well Rd., Salina, KS 67401, USA; [email protected] 2 Saint Louis University Department of Biology, 1008 Spring Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; [email protected] (C.C.); [email protected] (S.H.); [email protected] (A.J.M.) 3 Missouri Botanical Garden, 4500 Shaw Blvd. St. Louis, MO 63110, USA * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-785-823-5376 Received: 12 February 2018; Accepted: 4 March 2018; Published: 7 March 2018 Abstract: Annual cereal and legume grain production is dependent on inorganic nitrogen (N) and other fertilizers inputs to resupply nutrients lost as harvested grain, via soil erosion/runoff, and by other natural or anthropogenic causes. Temperate-adapted perennial grain legumes, though currently non-existent, might be uniquely situated as crop plants able to provide relief from reliance on synthetic nitrogen while supplying stable yields of highly nutritious seeds in low-input agricultural ecosystems. As such, perennial grain legume breeding and domestication programs are being initiated at The Land Institute (Salina, KS, USA) and elsewhere. This review aims to facilitate the development of those programs by providing criteria for evaluating potential species and in choosing candidates most likely to be domesticated and adopted as herbaceous, perennial, temperate-adapted grain legumes. We outline specific morphological and ecophysiological traits that may influence each candidate’s agronomic potential, the quality of its seeds and the ecosystem services it can provide.
    [Show full text]
  • Growth and Production of Pulses - Virender Sardana, Pushp Sharma and Parvender Sheoran
    SOILS, PLANT GROWTH AND CROP PRODUCTION - Vo.III - Growth and Production of Pulses - Virender Sardana, Pushp Sharma and Parvender Sheoran GROWTH AND PRODUCTION OF PULSES Virender Sardana, Pushp Sharma and Parvender Sheoran Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141 004, India Keywords: Black gram, breeding, chick-pea, classification, green gram, lentil, pigeon pea, pulses. Contents 1. Introduction 2. Pigeon Pea. 2.1. History 2.2. Classification 2.3. Plant Description 2.4. Breeding 2.5. Agronomy 2.5.1. Growing Conditions 2.5.2. Cropping Season 2.5.3. Land Husbandry 2.5.4. Fertilization 2.5.5. Pests and Diseases 2.6. Use 3. Green Gram and Black Gram 3.1. History 3.2. Classification 3.3. Plant Description 3.4. Breeding 3.5. Agronomy 3.5.1. Growing Conditions 3.5.2. Cropping Season 3.5.3. Land Husbandry 3.5.4. Fertilization 3.5.5. Pests and Diseases 3.6. Use 4. Chick-PeaUNESCO – EOLSS 4.1. History 4.2. Classification 4.3. Plant DescriptionSAMPLE CHAPTERS 4.4. Breeding 4.5. Agronomy 4.5.1. Growing Conditions 4.5.2. Cropping Season 4.5.3. Land Husbandry 4.5.4. Fertilization 4.5.5. Pests and Diseases 4.6. Use 5. Lentil ©Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS) SOILS, PLANT GROWTH AND CROP PRODUCTION - Vo.III - Growth and Production of Pulses - Virender Sardana, Pushp Sharma and Parvender Sheoran 5.1. History 5.2. Classification 5.3. Plant Description 5.4. Breeding 5.5. Agronomy 5.5.1. Growing Conditions 5.5.2. Cropping Season 5.5.3. Land Husbandry 5.5.4.
    [Show full text]
  • Canavalia Ensiformis) for Human Consumption in Tanzania
    International Journal of Agriculture and Food Security ISSN: 0812-3497 Vol. 3 (3), pp. 039-049, March 2017. Available online at www.advancedscholarsjournals.org © Advanced Scholars Journals Full length Research paper Utilization of jack beans (Canavalia ensiformis) for human consumption in Tanzania *Nakaaya Karoli, Jakaya O. Sumari and Hasheem Marealle Department of Food Technology, Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania. Accepted 18 February, 2017. Population increase is forcing mankind to look for alternative food sources from underutilized plants. Jack bean has been earmarked as one of these food sources. The only barrier for its utilization is the presence of inherent toxic compounds that should be removed, to make it edible to humans. A number of researchers have tried various ways in an effort to reach that goal. This study has also tried to perform a number of treatments on jack beans, which included soaking, treatment with trona (magadi soda) and germination. The samples of jack beans were brought from Mlingano Agricultural Research Institute and transported to the Sokoine University of Agriculture, Tanzania. Proximate analysis, mineral and phenolic compounds content were carried out on the treated samples. Acceptability tests were performed on products prepared from composite flour, made from 48 h. germinated jack beans. The products included porridges, breads and buns. Soaking results in lowering mineral concentrations. However, treatment with trona increased mineral profile. The levels of calcium, iron and zinc for the jack bean seeds analysed, gave 8.99, 3.83 and 1.76 mg/100 g, respectively. Proximate analysis revealed that moisture, protein, fibre, fat, ash and carbohydrate content were 4.6, 29.7, 5.2, 3.3, 3.4 and 53.9%, respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • Structure of a Lectin from Canavalia Gladiata Seeds: New Structural
    BMC Structural Biology BioMed Central Research article Open Access Structure of a lectin from Canavalia gladiata seeds: new structural insights for old molecules Plínio Delatorre*1,2, Bruno AM Rocha1,2, Emmanuel P Souza1, Taianá M Oliveira1, Gustavo A Bezerra1, Frederico BMB Moreno3, Beatriz T Freitas2, Tatiane Santi-Gadelha3, Alexandre H Sampaio1, Walter F Azevedo Jr4,5 and Benildo S Cavada*1 Address: 1Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Ceará, Brazil, 2Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Regional do Cariri, Ceará, Brazil, 3Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Paraíba, Brazil, 4Departamento de Física, IBILCE, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil and 5Faculdade de Biociências, PUCRS, Av. Ipiranga 6681, Zip Code 90619-900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil Email: Plínio Delatorre* - [email protected]; Bruno AM Rocha - [email protected]; Emmanuel P Souza - [email protected]; Taianá M Oliveira - [email protected]; Gustavo A Bezerra - [email protected]; Frederico BMB Moreno - [email protected]; Beatriz T Freitas - [email protected]; Tatiane Santi- Gadelha - [email protected]; Alexandre H Sampaio - [email protected]; Walter F Azevedo - [email protected]; Benildo S Cavada* - [email protected] * Corresponding authors Published: 2 August 2007 Received: 6 October 2006 Accepted: 2 August 2007 BMC Structural Biology 2007, 7:52 doi:10.1186/1472-6807-7-52 This article is available from: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6807/7/52 © 2007 Delatorre et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
    [Show full text]
  • Canavalia Ensiformis) and Sword Beans (Canavalia Gladiata)
    Annals. Food Science and Technology 2018 COMPARATIVE PHYTOCHEMICALS AND IN VITRO ANTIOXIDATIVE EFFECTS OF JACK BEANS (CANAVALIA ENSIFORMIS) AND SWORD BEANS (CANAVALIA GLADIATA) Soetan Kehinde Olugboyega1*, Antia Richard Edem2 1Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. 2Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. *E-mail:[email protected] Abstract Jack Bean (JB) (Canavalia ensiformis) and Sword Bean (SB) (Canavalia gladiata) are lesser-known and underutilized legumes with many food and medicinal benefits. Phytochemical screening and the in vitro antioxidant assays of aqueous extracts of jack bean and sword bean were carried out using standard methods. DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl -1- picrylhydrazyl) scavenging activity, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoids contents (TFC) and reducing power were assayed as determinant of in vitro antioxidant effects. Phytochemical screening showed the presence of saponins, tannins, flavonoids, steroids and alkaloids in both JB and SB while cardiac glycosides and anthraquinones were absent in both JB and SB. However, SB contained terpenoids which were absent in JB. The results of in vitro antioxidant assays showed that aqueous extract of sword bean had a significantly higher (P<0.05) DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl -1- picrylhydrazyl) scavenging activity than aqueous extract of jack bean. The total phenolic content (TPC) of sword bean was not different from the TPC of jack bean. Aqueous extract of sword bean had a significantly higher (P<0.05) total flavonoid content (TFC) than aqueous extract of jack bean and sword bean had a significantly higher (P<0.05) reducing power effects than the jack bean. The study concluded that jack bean and sword bean exhibited in vitro antioxidative effects and both JB and SB should be exploited as functional foods for the benefit of human and animals.
    [Show full text]
  • Identity and Host Relations of the Elsinoe of Lima Bean '
    IDENTITY AND HOST RELATIONS OF THE ELSINOE OF LIMA BEAN ' By S. C. BRUNEK, chief, Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Agri-' cultural Experiment Station, Santiago de las Vegas, Cuba, and ANNA E. JEN- KINS, associate pathologist. Division of Mycology and Disease Survey, Bureau of Plant Industry, United States Department of Agriculture INTRODUCTION This paper presents the results of inoculation tests on legumes with the fungus causing scab of the lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus macro- carpus Benth.). This organism was tentatively identified^ as Elsinoe canavaliae Rac, causing scab of Canavalia in the Orient. The plants inoculated were wild or naturalized lima bean, known in Cuba as ''frijol caballero''; several common horticultural varieties of lima bean, including Fordhook Bush, Henderson Bush, Henderson Pole, and Challenger Pole; and some other leguminous plants, namely, Oalopogonium caeruleum (Benth.) Hemsl., Canavalia gladiata (Jacq.) DC, C, ensiformis (L.) DC, Dolichos lablab L., Phaseolus vulgaris L., Pisum sativum L., and Stizolohium deeringianum Bort. The object of the investigations was to obtam additional data on the host range of the organism, which would be of value taxonomically and otherwise, and also to determine some of the environmental conditions necessary for infection of the lima bean. MATERIALS AND METHODS The inoculations were made at the Agricultural Experiment Sta- tion, Santiago de las Vegas, Cuba, from 1930 to 1932 by the senior writer. The plants of Oalopogonium caeruleum and some of those of Canavalia ensiformis were inoculated on the station grounds where they were growing. The other inoculations were made in the plant- quarantine house. The sides of this house were protected with panels of fine copper-wire screening, which made it practically insect-proof but not fungus-proof.
    [Show full text]
  • Genetic Diversity of Legume Species and Their Utilization in Vietnam
    54 JIRCAS International Symposium Series 2: 54-66 Session 1-5 (3) Genetic Diversity of Legume Species and Their Utilization in Vietnam TRAN, Van Lai' and MAI, Quang Vinh" Abstract Due to the wide range of latitude and complicated topography. Vietnam is very rich in plant genetic resources, of which legumes are widespread and economically important. After a series of studies, Vietnamese breeders and researchers have evaluated a large number of legume accessions. Based on the resulted, it became possible to proceed to the selection, in­ duce mutations and breed several legume varieties and lines that can meet various require­ ments of production and environmental protection. Despite the great success in their utilization, since many legume species have not been properly studied, they remain non-or under-utilized. To preserve and use the legume genetic resources in Vietnam, more concerted efforts on the part of the researchers, as well as close cooperation and collaboration with various organizations in the world are required. Natural conditions and economic importance of legume development in Vietnam Vietnam is a small country. With 330,000 km' of territory curving as an S letter stretching over 1,600 km from 8° 23' to 23' 22' North there are diverse climatic conditions : tropical, subtropical as well as tem­ perate in the high mountains of the northern, central and southern parts of the country. In general Viet­ nam is typically a tropical and monsoon country, where winter is distinctly a dry season. In the northern plains the cold winter lasts from November to April, the average temperature being l6°C.
    [Show full text]
  • A Review on an Underutilized Legume Canavalia Gladiata
    Vidyodaya 1. of Sci., (1999) Vol, 8, pp 1-25 A Review on an underutilized legume Canavalia gladiata Sagarika Ekanayake 1,2 E. R. Jansz 1 Baboo M. Nair and A. M. Abeysekera" 1Dept. of Biochemistry Faculty of Medical Sciences University of Sri Jayawardenapura Nugegoda, SrlLanka 2 Dept of Applied Nutrition and Food Chemistry Chemical Centre University of Lund P. O. Box 124 S 221 00 Lund, Sweden -'Dept. of Chemistry Faculty of Science University of Sri Jayawardenapura Nugegoda, Sri Lanka Received on 98.06.18 Accepted on 99.05.24 1. Introduction With the high rate at which the world population is growing, the world' food supply should grow at the same rate if not faster. The most affected from these will be the people in the so called third world countries. Under- nourishment in these countries is largely related to the availability of food in the markets, the purchasing power of the households, food distribution among family members as well as the living conditions of the people. Therefore it is essential to produce or introduce new foods that have high nutritional quality, and also are easy for people with a low income to purchase, this by being less costly to produce and being suitable to the environment by having desirable agronomic features to be cultivated. This could be obtained from the plant materials in abundance, most of which are underutilized. Leguminous seeds which are said to have as much good quality protein as animal proteins should be given priority in this quest. The bean Canavalia gladiata, a leguminous plant though eaten not very frequently, but with a potential to become a plant with above desirable features is studied in this paper.
    [Show full text]
  • Lambdastar 1G ETL.Qxp Layout 1 9/21/15 2:29 PM Page 1
    LambdaStar 1G_ETL.qxp_Layout 1 9/21/15 2:29 PM Page 1 RESTRICTED USE PESTICIDE Due to Toxicity to Fish and Aquatic Organisms For retail sale to and use only by Certified Applicators, or persons under their direct supervision, and only for those uses covered by the Certified Applicator’s certification. GROU PINSE3 CTICI DE For the Control of a Variety of Insect Pests on Selected Crops Active Ingredient: Lambda-cyhalothrin . .13.1% Inert Ingredients: . .86.9% Total . .100.0% Contains petroleum distillates. Contains 1 lb. of active ingredient per gallon. LambdaStar Insecticide is an emulsifiable concentrate. Keep Out of Reach of Children DANGER / PELIGRO Si usted no entiende la etiqueta, busque a alguien para que se la explique a usted en detalle. (If you do not understand the label, find someone to explain it to you in detail.) See inside booklet for additional Precautionary Statements and Directions for Use. EPA Reg. No. 71532-20-91026 EPA Est. No. indicated by the first letter of the batch number Distributed By: on this package: (A) 71532-KOR-001, (B) 91217-ND-001, LG Life Sciences America Inc. 910 Sylvan Avenue (C) 44616-MO-01, (D) 73079-MO-001, (E) 1386-OH-001 Englewood Cliffs, NJ 07632 Net Contents: 1 gal. LambdaStar 1G_ETL.qxp_Layout 1 9/21/15 2:29 PM Page 2 FIRST AID If on skin • Take off contaminated clothing. or clothing • Rinse skin immediately with plenty of water for 15-20 minutes. • Call a poison control center or doctor for treatment advice. If in eyes • Hold eye open and rinse slowly and gently with water 15-20 minutes.
    [Show full text]
  • Andaman & Nicobar Islands, India
    RESEARCH Vol. 21, Issue 68, 2020 RESEARCH ARTICLE ISSN 2319–5746 EISSN 2319–5754 Species Floristic Diversity and Analysis of South Andaman Islands (South Andaman District), Andaman & Nicobar Islands, India Mudavath Chennakesavulu Naik1, Lal Ji Singh1, Ganeshaiah KN2 1Botanical Survey of India, Andaman & Nicobar Regional Centre, Port Blair-744102, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, India 2Dept of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, School of Ecology and Conservation, G.K.V.K, UASB, Bangalore-560065, India Corresponding author: Botanical Survey of India, Andaman & Nicobar Regional Centre, Port Blair-744102, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, India Email: [email protected] Article History Received: 01 October 2020 Accepted: 17 November 2020 Published: November 2020 Citation Mudavath Chennakesavulu Naik, Lal Ji Singh, Ganeshaiah KN. Floristic Diversity and Analysis of South Andaman Islands (South Andaman District), Andaman & Nicobar Islands, India. Species, 2020, 21(68), 343-409 Publication License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. General Note Article is recommended to print as color digital version in recycled paper. ABSTRACT After 7 years of intensive explorations during 2013-2020 in South Andaman Islands, we recorded a total of 1376 wild and naturalized vascular plant taxa representing 1364 species belonging to 701 genera and 153 families, of which 95% of the taxa are based on primary collections. Of the 319 endemic species of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, 111 species are located in South Andaman Islands and 35 of them strict endemics to this region. 343 Page Key words: Vascular Plant Diversity, Floristic Analysis, Endemcity. © 2020 Discovery Publication. All Rights Reserved. www.discoveryjournals.org OPEN ACCESS RESEARCH ARTICLE 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Canavalia Gladiata Regulates the Immune Responses of Macrophages Differently Depending on the Extraction Method
    KOREAN J. FOOD SCI. TECHNOL. Vol. 52, No. 6, pp. 622~626 (2020) https://doi.org/10.9721/KJFST.2020.52.6.622 ©The Korean Society of Food Science and Technology Canavalia gladiata regulates the immune responses of macrophages differently depending on the extraction method Ha-Nul Lee1,#, Young-Min Kim1,#, Ah-Ra Jang2, Young Ran Kim3, and Jong-Hwan Park2,* 1Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University 2Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Medical Institute, Chonnam National University 3College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Drug Development, Chonnam National University Abstract Recent studies have suggested that Canavalia gladiate, a dietary food and traditional folk medicine, has promising pharmaceutical potential, but the effects have mostly been demonstrated using its organo-soluble extract. To date, its immunomodulatory effect depending on the extraction method is unclear. Here, the immune responses of macrophages to C. gladiate and the underlying mechanisms were studied. C. gladiate hot water extract (CGW) induced cytokine production in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) in a dose-dependent manner, whereas its ethanolic extract (CGE) did not. Immunoblotting analysis also showed that CGW activated nuclear factor (NF)-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Moreover, an inhibitor assay revealed the involvement of NF-κB, p38, and JNK, but not ERK, in CGW-induced cytokine production. CGE inhibited lipopolysaccharide-stimulated production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and activation of NF-κB and MAPKs in BMDMs. The results suggest that C. gladiate regulates the immune responses of macrophages differently depending on the extraction method. Keywords: Canavalia gladiate, cytokine, nuclear factor-κB, mitogen-activated protein kinase, macrophage Introduction many studies have suggested that it has promising pharmaceutical properties.
    [Show full text]