DOCSLIB.ORG

Covid-19-Situationen I Norrbotten (T.O.M

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Covid-19-Situationen I Norrbotten (T.O.M Covid-19-situationen i Norrbotten (t.o.m. v 2 210118) Anders Nystedt Smittskydd Norrbotten Antalet konstaterade covid-19-fall per dag i Norrbotten. Efter jul- och nyårshelgerna åter ökande och fortsatt ogynnsamt höga smittotal. Här anges fall anmälda enligt Smittskyddslagen per vecka 18 % ökning av antalet konstaterade fall v 2 jämfört v 1 Belastningen på slutenvården är väldigt hög. Behovet för slutenvård av covid-19-patienter är åter väldigt stort – i nivå med situationen i våras. Antal genomförda PCR-analyser (blå) andel positiva (orange) jmfr. antal konstaterade fall (grön) Trend mot lägre frekvens PCR-provtagning i länet har noterats. V 2 provtogs dock 4563 individer med PCR = 1,8 % av länets befolkning (ökning). 14,0 % positiva (minskning) Denna statistik är mer svårtolkad fr.o.m. v 51 i.o.m. att antigen-testning införts i vissa vårdmiljöer = ersätter/kompletterar där PCR. • 1916 PCR (42 %) A23 lab • 2644 PCR (68 %) utförda på SY 638 st* 4563 st 14,0 % *Här anges antalet konstaterat positiva på laboratoriet v 2 – antalet kan ibland skilja jmfr. ex. bild 2-3 bl.a. pga. att anmälningarna inte alltid kommer in samma dag till smittskyddet + fall från utomlänspatienter + dubbelprovtagningar. Patienter med positiva ag-test anmäls som fall men hamnar inte i PCR-statistiken. Totalantalet positiva fall över tid stämmer. Statistik över antal analyserad serologier (antikroppstest) utförda samt andel positiva. Serologisk provtagning har erbjudits allmänheten från och med v 36. Under v 2 har 469 serologier (jmfr. 214 v 1) analyserats • 132 har utfallit positiva • 28,1 % positiva (jmfr. 41,1 % positiva v 1) • Svårtolkade siffror pga sannolik selektion av vilka som provtagits? Mellan veckorna 19-02 har 20933 serologier analyserats (t.o.m. v 35 mest på vård- och omsorgspersonal samt på klinisk indikation). • 1714 har utfallit positiva • 8,2 % positiva Antalet fall + incidens per kommun över hela epidemin *Sverigedata från fredag 15 januari Incidens per kommun (samt hela länet + Sverige) – under hela epidemin jmfr. den senaste/de senaste två veckorna KOMMUN Arjeplog Arvidsjaur Boden Gällivare Haparanda Jokkmokk Kalix Kiruna Luleå Pajala Piteå Älvsbyn Överkalix Övertorneå NORRBOTTEN SVERIGE* INCIDENS per 1000 inv. 9,34 7,07 47,4 44,8 33,8 27,2 33,2 35,2 40,3 13,7 36,5 38,9 19,6 17 36,8 50,7 Antal fall totalt 26 44 1331 785 327 134 527 806 3148 83 1544 314 65 73 9207 523 486 Invånare (31 dec 2019) 2785 6220 28080 17529 9685 4923 15866 22867 78105 6052 42281 8066 3315 4299 250093 10327589 Nya fall v 2 9 2 64 36 80 3 97 35 220 7 50 3 18 15 639 34 015 Incidens per 1000 inv. v 2 3,23 0,32 2,28 2,05 8,26 0,61 6,11 1,53 2,81 1,16 1,18 0,37 5,43 3,49 2,56 3,29 Nya fall v 1+2 11 4 106 56 126 10 146 92 464 16 100 6 25 23 1182 X-incidens/v över 2 veckor 1,97 0,32 1,89 1,6 6,5 1,02 4,6 2,01 2,97 1,32 1,18 0,37 3,77 2,68 2,36 Incidens per vecka markeras: < 0,5‰ > 0,5‰ > 1,5‰ > 3,0 ‰ *Sverigedata från fredag 8 till fredag 15 januari Incidensen i Norrbotten är fortsatt hög och i stigande men lägre än för Sverige i övrigt. I riket dock vikande smittotal. Ingen kommun har högre incidens över hela epidemin jämfört med riksgenomsnittet. Haparanda, Kalix, Överkalix, Övertorneå har högre vecko-incidens än riksgenomsnittet. Även Arjeplog signalerar kraftigt pga. aktuellt utbrott. Fall per vecka per kommun (OBS! Olika skalor). • Fortsatt hög och dessutom ökande incidens i länet. • Kraftig ökning av antalet fall ffa. i östra Norrbotten – Haparanda, Kalix, Överkalix och Övertorneå • I Malmfälten lite divergerande. I Kiruna glädjande minskning efter åtgärder där. I stället liten ökning i Gällivare. Pajala stabilt men höga tal. • I fyrkanten relativt höga smittotal ffa i Luleå och Boden (som ökar på nytt). Piteå oförändrat och Älvsbyn åter på låg nivå. • Inlandskommunerna har fortsatt låg smittspridning förutom Arjeplog som har ett pågående utbrott som även innefattar äldreomsorgen. • Vi ser smittspridning in till äldreomsorgen och särskilda boenden i flera av länets kommuner. Farligt! Nogsam följsamhet till basala hygienrutiner och source control anmodas. • Vaccinationerna i äldreomsorgen har startats upp men det går långsamt pga att få vaccindoser har levererats. Statistiken för antalet avlidna i verifierad covid-19 i Norrbotten följer statistiken för antalet konstaterade fall i samhället. Tidsfördröjning förekommer i rapporteringen. Statistiken uppdateras tisdagar och torsdagar efter samkörning av register. (Avliden i covid-19 = konstaterad covid-19 inom 30 dagar innan dödsfall) Det är ff.a äldre som avlider i covid-19-infektion. .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Annual Report
    Division of Quality & Environmental Management ANNUAL REPORT 2005-2007 1 Background and Overview In January 1, 2003 the Division of Quality & Environmental Management (Avdelningen för kvalitets- & miljöledning) was created through a merger between the Quality Technology group and the Environmental Management group. The establishment of the division, the very first one of this kind in Sweden, was supported both from industry and the public sector in Sweden. Large efforts were spent on a successful merger, partly with financial support from the Development Council Government Sector (Utvecklingsrådet för den statliga sektorn). For instance, efforts have been put on our values and the culture; see Figure 2. In February 2006 the Division of Quality & Environmental Management was merged with several other divisions into a unit named Division of Business Administration and Manage- ment (Avdelningen för företagsekonomi & verksamhetsutveckling). Figure 1 Parts of the staff of our division at Kukkolaforsen, June 16, 2006. Photo: Rickard Garvare. Our four main processes illustrate central activities at Quality & Environmental Management: Undergraduate and Graduate Education, Postgraduate Education, Research, and Links to Society; see Figure 3. Activities are often performed in a close co-operation with business companies, public organizations and other parts of our society and we are convinced that collaboration is of benefit for all parties. This is also emphasized in our vision, which states that “we shall be internationally acknowledged for, to
    [Show full text]
  • We Have Built a Modern New Hospital to Provide the Best Care
    THE NORRBOTTEN COUNTY COUNCIL This is all about the Norrbotten County Council. We Primary care is organized jointly for the whole don’t want to bore you with a lot of big talk about county, which enables rational, goal-oriented efficiency, expertise, resources and all the rest. In development. Norrbotten, we’re not much for boasting. We prefer to get right to the point. SUNDERBY HOSPITAL IN LULEÅ Sunderby Hospital is a centre of excellence for health care in Norrbotten. It functions as both a regional hospital for the entire county and as a district hospital for the people of Luleå and Boden. We have built a modern new About 257,000 people live in Norrbotten, just over 100,000 of whom live in Luleå and Boden. The hospital has more than 400 care places and 17 hospital to provide the best care. operating theatres, as well as a 40-room hotel for IT’S LIKE THIS patients who do not require round-the-clock care. Primary care is the core activity in our big county. Sunderby Hospital has general surgery, urology, Many clinics in locations far from hospitals orthopaedics, child psychiatry, children’s medicine/ function as mini-hospitals according to the so- rehabilitation, gynaecology/obstetrics, internal called rural model. We have built a modern regional medicine, an infection clinic, cardiology, respiratory hospital to be able to provide the best care using medicine, dialysis, haematology, dermatology, the newest methods. In addition, we have four emergency acute care (intensive care unit, surgery county hospitals with different areas of specializa- and ambulance), radiology, clinical physiology, tion in addition to basic care.
    [Show full text]
  • Geology of the Northern Norrbotten Ore Province, Northern Sweden Paper 3 (13) Editor: Stefan Bergman
    Rapporter och meddelanden 141 Geology of the Northern Norrbotten ore province, northern Sweden Paper 3 (13) Editor: Stefan Bergman Rapporter och meddelanden 141 Geology of the Northern Norrbotten ore province, northern Sweden Editor: Stefan Bergman Sveriges geologiska undersökning 2018 ISSN 0349-2176 ISBN 978-91-7403-393-9 Cover photos: Upper left: View of Torneälven, looking north from Sakkara vaara, northeast of Kiruna. Photographer: Stefan Bergman. Upper right: View (looking north-northwest) of the open pit at the Aitik Cu-Au-Ag mine, close to Gällivare. The Nautanen area is seen in the back- ground. Photographer: Edward Lynch. Lower left: Iron oxide-apatite mineralisation occurring close to the Malmberget Fe-mine. Photographer: Edward Lynch. Lower right: View towards the town of Kiruna and Mt. Luossavaara, standing on the footwall of the Kiruna apatite iron ore on Mt. Kiirunavaara, looking north. Photographer: Stefan Bergman. Head of department, Mineral Resources: Kaj Lax Editor: Stefan Bergman Layout: Tone Gellerstedt och Johan Sporrong, SGU Print: Elanders Sverige AB Geological Survey of Sweden Box 670, 751 28 Uppsala phone: 018-17 90 00 fax: 018-17 92 10 e-mail: [email protected] www.sgu.se Table of Contents Introduktion (in Swedish) .................................................................................................................................................. 6 Introduction ..............................................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Torniohaparanda (Finland Sweden) EMBRACE the BORDER
    Europan 14 – TornioHaparanda (Finland Sweden) EMBRACE THE BORDER Tornio Finland N Haparanda Sweden SCALE: L – urban and architectural HOW CAN THE SITE CONTRIBUTE to THE PRODUCTIVE CITY StrateGY LOCATION: TornioHaparanda CITY? TornioHaparanda is located at the north end of the Bothnian Bay in Lap- SITE FAMILY: From Functionalist Infrastructures to Productive City Tornio in Finland and Haparanda in Sweden are developing their city land. Tornio in Finland and Haparanda in Sweden make up an internatio- POPUlation: 32 500 centers to become one commercial and functional entity. The project site nal twin city that has 32 500 inhabitants. The TornioHaparanda area is a STUDY SITE: 60 ha PROJECT SITE: 24 ha at the south end of Suensaari island and the north end of Haparanda centre of cross-border trade and known for its steel industry. The deve- SITE PROPOSED BY: TornioHaparanda twin city downtown is important and visible in the urban structure. It holds poten- lopment for building one joint center for the two cities started already 20 ACTORS INVOLVED: City of Tornio, City of Haparanda tial to unite the two cities, yet it is mainly unbuilt and underutilised at the year ago and the process continues with Europan 14. OWNERS OF THE SITE: City of Tornio, ELY center of Lapland, moment. The busy highway E4 runs through the area separating parts of Orthodox parish of Lapland, City of Haparanda, IKEA the site from Tornio and Haparanda city centers. POST COMPETITION PHASE: Post-competition seminar, selection The objective is to find both functional and urban ideas to connect the of one winning team for an implementation process project site to the city centers and their urban structures.
    [Show full text]
  • U-Pb Zircon Age of a Metaquartz Monzonite in the Type Area of the Haparanda Suite
    U-Pb zircon age of a metaquartz monzonite in the type area of the Haparanda suite Stefan Bergman, Fredrik Hellström January 2015 & Ulf Bergström SGU-rapport 2015:02 Cover: Geologist Ulf Bergström in action during preparation of metaquartz mon- zonite sample STB131001A, documented by geophysicist Mehrdad Bastani at the Kurkijänkkä quarry, near Haparanda. Photo: Stefan Bergman. Recommended reference to this report: Bergman, S., Hellström, F. & Bergström, U., 2015: U-Pb zircon age of a metaquartz monzonite in the type area of the Haparanda suite. SGU-rapport 2015:02, 13 pp. Geological Survey of Sweden Box 670 SE-751 28 Uppsala, Sweden. phone: 018-17 90 00 fax: 018-17 92 10 e-mail: [email protected] www.sgu.se CONTENTS Abstract ............................................................................................................................................................................. 5 Sammanfattning .......................................................................................................................................................... 5 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................... 6 Sample description .................................................................................................................................................... 8 Analytical results and interpretation of geochronological data ........................................................ 9 Discussion and
    [Show full text]
  • Site Code Område Kommun Uppdaterad Bevarandeplan
    UPPDATERAD BEVARANDEPLAN SITE_CODE OMRÅDE KOMMUN (JA/NEJ) ÖVRIGT SKYDD SE0820063 Akkelis Arjeplog Ja Naturreservat SE0820066 Björknäs Arjeplog Ja Naturreservat SE0820129 Daita Arjeplog Ja SE0820151 Granberget Arjeplog Ja Naturreservat Hornavan-Sädvajaure SE0820123 fjällurskog Arjeplog Ja Naturreservat SE0820056 Laisdalens fjällurskog Arjeplog Ja Naturreservat SE0820126 Långsjön-Gåbrek fjällurskog Arjeplog Ja Naturreservat SE0820057 Märkberget Arjeplog Ja Naturreservat SE0820120 Pieljekaise Arjeplog Ja Nationalpark SE0820070 Rakåive Arjeplog Ja SE0820125 Ramanj Arjeplog Ja SE0820074 Ståkke-Bårgå fjällurskog Arjeplog Ja Naturreservat SE0820124 Tjeggelvas Arjeplog Ja Naturreservat Naturreservat & SE0820714 Tjålmejaure Arjeplog Ja fågelskyddsområde SE0820061 Veddek Arjeplog Ja Naturreservat SE0820294 Yraft Arjeplog Nej Naturreservat SE0820334 Sulitelma Arjeplog/Jokkmokk Ja SE0820130 Udtja Arjeplog/Jokkmokk Ja Naturreservat SE0820013 Bergmyrberget Arvidsjaur Ja Naturreservat SE0820010 Döttrenåive Arvidsjaur Ja Naturreservat SE0820067 Fettjärn Arvidsjaur Ja Naturreservat SE0820021 Gaddaberget Arvidsjaur Ja Naturreservat SE0820740 Gallejaur Arvidsjaur Nej Kulturreservat SE0820020 Hedvallen Arvidsjaur Ja Naturreservat SE0820007 Jan-Svensamössan Arvidsjaur Ja Naturreservat SE0820078 Kimkatjåkko Arvidsjaur Ja Naturreservat SE0820018 Lamburträsk Arvidsjaur Nej Naturreservat SE0820421 Lappträsket Arvidsjaur Ja Biotopskydd SE0820071 Lehatt Arvidsjaur Ja Naturreservat SE0820079 Lomträskvattnet Arvidsjaur Ja Naturreservat SE0820077 Nilasjåkk Arvidsjaur
    [Show full text]
  • A Tularemia Outbreak of Historical Proportions in the Norrbotten County, Sweden (Nr
    A Tularemia Outbreak of Historical Proportions in the Norrbotten County, Sweden (nr. 1434) Tomas N Gustafsson, MD, PhD (1,2)*, Anders Nystedt, MD (1,3) (1)Infectious Disease Clinic, Sunderby Hospital, Luleå, Sweden, (2) Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden, (3) Unit for Disease Prevention and Control, Sunderby Hospital, Luleå, Sweden (*)Presenting and corresponding author ([email protected]) Introduction Results Distribution of clinical forms – the ulceroglandular form was predominant Tularemia, which is caused by the bacterium Francisella tularensis, exist in The largest outbreak in the Norrbotten County. several different forms; ulceroglandular, occuloglandular, typhoid (septic), r 450 pulmonary and oropharyngeal. Sweden experiences recurrent outbreaks with a 3 Oropharyngeal e The incidence varies widely As expected, the y 400 irregular intervals and geographical localizations. Although infections with 32 Pulmonary r between years as illustrated e 350 47 Typhoid ulceroglandular form the type B strains found in Sweden does not normally result in fatalaties, they p 300 for the last 20 years. The 406 324 Ulceroglandular dominted with almost 80% s cause significant morbidity unless treated early. Infections are normally e cases of 2015 is a doubling of s 250 of reported cases. There treated with ciprofloxacin or doxycycline although aminoglycosides can be a c 200 the previous high in the year were no reported used. The infection is classified as notifiable under the Swedish f o of 2012 and puts it amongst 150 occuloglandular cases. Communicable Diseases Act. r e 100 the largest outbreaks in b The Norrbotten County is the largest and northernmost county in Sweden m 50 Sweden during the period for u and is situated around the arctic circle.
    [Show full text]
  • The Outcome of the Minority and Language Policy in Sweden
    170 Project Day Session The Outcome of the Minority and Language Policy in Sweden Lars Elenius, Assoc. Prof. in History Department of Social Sciences Luleå University of Technology Sweden An important aspect of democracy concerns the treat- largest group, followed by the Torne Valley people, see ment of national minorities and their position in soci- Table 1. This is also refl ects the diff erent minority back- ety. It raises questions about their citizenship, infl uence grounds within the nation state project of Sweden. In in society, right to be treated in the same way, positive this article the Swedish case of the implementation of kind of favouritism and legal security, all examples of the European minority language legislation will be in- basic democratic values. The rights of minorities, as part vestigated. This will be done by taking a closer look at of basic democratic values, is a relatively new issue to the infl uence that Swedish minority policy had on the which there is no political agreement; neither concern- implementation of minority legislation. ing the principal issue of minority policy, nor concern- Minority Estimated pop. ing its implementation (Rawls 1971 & 1993; Dworkin Territorial minorities 1977; Walzer 1983; Taylor 1985 & 1999; Kymlicka 1998). Sami people 17 000–20 000 From the middle of the 70s there was a radical change Sweden-Finns 450 000 in the minority policy of Sweden, which followed in Torne Valley people 50 000 the wake of corresponding international changes.This Non-territorial minorities change infl uenced the ethnic minorities in diff erent Jews 15 000–20 000 ways.
    [Show full text]
  • Hälso- Och Sjukvårdsbarometern 2018, Resultat För Norrbotten
    Hälso- och sjukvårdsbarometern 2018 Resultat Norrbotten Förtroende och attityder till hälso- och sjukvården bland invånare 18 år och uppåt ”Förtroende är framåtsyftande, nöjdhet bakåtsyftande” (Vårdanalys, 2018:4) 4 huvudresultat 1. Norrbotten ligger överlag sämre till än riket. 2. Trenderna är samma i länet som i riket med några få undantag (ex vis en fortsatt positiv utveckling i länet av förtroende för 1177-telefoni) 3. Stora skillnader inom länet vad gäller de flesta resultat. (Syd utmärker sig med mer positiv utveckling överlag och framförallt vad gäller förtroende) 4. Små skillnader mellan män och kvinnor (män har dock högre förtroende för hälsocentraler (HC) och samt fler män som anser att vården ges på lika villkor, kvinnor har större förtroende för 1177.) Jag har tillgång till den hälso- och sjukvård jag behöver Andel i befolkningen som upplever att de har tillgång till den hälso- och sjukvård som de behöver fördelat på närsjukvårdsområden åren 2016, 2017 samt 2018 (%) 100% 87%87% 90% 84%84% 82% 81% 80%78% 79%80%79% 80% 77% 75% 69%71% 70% 70% 65%66% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Norrbotten Region Norrbotten Region Norrbotten Region Norrbotten Region Norrbotten Riket Öst Syd Nord Mitt 2016 2017 2018 Region Norrbotten Mitt: Luleå-Boden kommuner Region Norrbotten Syd: Piteå, Älvsbyn, Arvidsjaur samt Arjeplogs kommuner Region Norrbotten Öst: Kalix, Övertorneå, Överkalix samt Haparanda kommuner Region Norrbotten Nord: Gällivare, Pajala, Kiruna samt Jokkmokks kommuner Förtroende för... Andel i befolkningen med mycket eller ganska stort
    [Show full text]
  • Arjeplog Winter Car Testing Emergence of a Cluster
    Case Arjeplog Winter Car Testing Emergence of a Cluster ____________________________________________________________________ Professor Örjan Sölvell at the Stockholm School of Economics (SSE), Center for Strategy and Competitiveness (CSC), prepared this case based on public sources and interviews, assisted by MSc students Karin Larsson and Martin Lindén. The case is developed for class discussions in the course “On Strategy and Competitiveness”. First published by CSC in Sweden 2016. All parts of this case may be reproduced, stored in at retrieval system and transmitted in all forms: electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or other. The case may be lent, resold, or hired out without the publisher’s consent. An accompanying textbook can be downloaded for free at: http://www.clusterobservatory.eu/index.html#!view=documents;mode=one;sort=name;uid=77c78ae7-ec99-45a8-bfbf- ad89640f250b;id= . Arjeplog Winter Car Testing – Emergence of a Cluster “At that time, the atmosphere in the region was quite depressed. But when the car testing business emerged and absorbed many of the employees, who had lost their jobs following the shutdown of the sawmill, most people realized that there was something else to do after all. A sort of flexibility was imbedded in the mentality.” Bengt-Urban Fransson, Mayor of Arjeplog Arjeplog, a municipality with around 3,000 inhabitants and located in the very northern part of Sweden, had been struggling for years. It had experienced the shutdown of both the local sawmill and the mine, and the population was decreasing as younger people moved to the southern parts of Sweden. By the 1980s and 1990s, a new industry began to emerge.
    [Show full text]
  • Remote On-Call Support in Rural Areas Summary
    Distance meeting — Sweden Remote on-call support in rural areas Summary Remote on-call support from Kalix hospital to the health centres in Övertorneå and Överkalix has been a routine practice for three years. During the evening, at night and at weekends there is no doctor at the health centre in Övertorneå. Emergency cases, where appropriate, are handled re- motely via video conference. People who contact the healthcare hotline on 1177 (a national service for healthcare counselling) are prioritized based on their symptoms and also the acuteness of their situation. The cases that are deemed most acute – priority level 1 – are transported directly to Kalix hospital, while other less acute cases are handled at the health centre in Övertorneå. The patient is examined by a nurse at the health centre. The nurse takes samples, carries out ECGs, etc. If required, the on-call doctor at Kalix hospital will be contacted. The doctor will carry out an assessment and, if necessary, can prescribe medication and admit the patient to a bed at the health centre. This working model has currently been established at the health centres in Övertorneå and Överkalix and will shortly be extended to the health centres in Pajala and Jokkmokk. Övertorneå health centre also works with skills transfer in which it educates AKS nurses (advanced clinical specialist nurses) who can relieve doctors by handling a higher number of patients. Education for AKS nurses will start in both Luleå and Östersund. Main effects of the solution This working model enables patients to receive health care closer to their homes to a greater extent.
    [Show full text]
  • American Scientist the Magazine of Sigma Xi, the Scientific Research Society
    A reprint from American Scientist the magazine of Sigma Xi, The Scientific Research Society This reprint is provided for personal and noncommercial use. For any other use, please send a request to Permissions, American Scientist, P.O. Box 13975, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, U.S.A., or by electronic mail to [email protected]. ©Sigma Xi, The Scientific Research Society and other rightsholders Marginalia Mining the Boreal North Nancy Langston few days after Christmas, have thrived in the boreal forest. With- A I took the train south from Resource extraction out people, reindeer might not have Kiruna, a small mining town 200 ki- thrived as well. lometers above the Arctic Circle in Reindeer are well suited to the tai- Sweden. All three train cars were filled decisions are not ga’s frigid winters. They can maintain a with Asian tourists drawn to Kiruna thermogradient between body core and by the promises of shiny brochures: simply about the environment of up to 100 degrees, “See the Aurora Borealis in the last in part because of insulation provid- pristine wilderness in Europe! Come wilderness ed by their fur, and in part because of to Sweden’s pure nature!” counter-current vascular heat exchange I stood at the window and watched preservation or systems in their legs and nasal passag- the taiga—the boreal forest—slip by es. Cold is little problem; the challenge through the polar night. The moon rose development is finding food. Reindeer migration pat- over stunted spruce and birch trees terns reduce some, but not all, of their bent beneath drifts of snow.
    [Show full text]