Agricultural Technology and Agro-Eco Tourism Dissemination Centre, ICAR Research Complex for Technical Bulletin No.: 46

Agro-Eco-Tourism: A New Dimension to Agriculture

S. B. Barbuddhe and N.P. Singh

Agricultural Technology and Agro-Eco-Tourism Dissemination Centre Yeeke=âDevegheghe -- ieesJee kesâ efueS Yee.ke=â.Deveg.he.g.he. kkeâe DevegmebOeegmebOeeve heefjmej (YeejleerÙe ke=âef

Technical Bulletin No. 46

Agro-Eco-Tourism: A New Dimension to Agriculture

S. B. Barbuddhe and Narendra Pratap Singh

Agricultural Technology and Agro-Eco Tourism Dissemination Centre ICAR - ICAR Research Complex for Goa. Old Goa, 403402

ii Agro-Eco-Tourism: A New Dimension to Agriculture Agricultural Technology and Agro-Eco Tourism Dissemination Centre, ICAR Research Complex for Goa

Published by Dr. Narendra Pratap Singh Director ICAR Research Complex for Goa, Old Goa 403 402 u

Fax : 0832 2285649 Telephone : 0832 2284677, 2284678 E.mail : [email protected] u

Copyright © 2014, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) All Rights reserved. For reproduction of this document or any part thereof, permission of Indian Council of Agricultural Reserach (ICAR), New Delhi must be obtained.

Correct Citation: Barbuddhe S.B. and Narendra Pratap Singh 2014. Agro-Eco Tourism: A New Dimension to Agriculture. Technical Bulletin No. 46, ICAR Research Complex for Goa, Old Goa 403 402. u

Text Compiled by S. B. Barbuddhe and Narendra Pratap Singh

u

Technical Assistance Sanjeev Kumar Singh Yeshwant K. Gawas Sidharth K. Marathe

Agro-Eco-Tourism: A New Dimension to Agriculture iii Agricultural Technology and Agro-Eco Tourism Dissemination Centre, ICAR Research Complex for Goa

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Foreword

ndia exhibits diverse form of art and culture entrenched through a rich heritage, which makes India a hot global tourist destination. India has a thriving tourism industry, which contributes over 6% to Ithe national GDP and 8% of the total employment. Goa is a paradise for international as well as domestic tourists due to its scenic beauty with lush green mountains, blue waters and white sands, winding rivers and picturesque villages with local flora and fauna. It is thus capable of offering a wide variety of entertainment for the disceming tourists and has the capacity to diversify into new arena of agro-eco-tourism.

Agro-eco-tourism offers an opportunity to experience the real enchanting and authentic contact with the rural life, taste the local genuine food and get familiar with the various farming tasks. It also provides the welcome escape from the daily hectic life in the peaceful rural environment and to relax and revitalize in the pure natural environment, surrounded by magnificent landscape.

Agro-eco-tourism can contribute towards a green economy transition through investments leading to energy and water efficiency, waste reduction, biodiversity and cultural heritage conservation, and the strengthening of linkages with local communities. The publication of technical bulletin on “Agro-Eco-Tourism - A new Dimension to Agriculture” by the ICAR Research Complex for Goa, will be a treat to those who wish to experience the nature closely.

September, 2014 (Alok K. Sikka)

iv Agro-Eco-Tourism: A New Dimension to Agriculture Agricultural Technology and Agro-Eco Tourism Dissemination Centre, ICAR Research Complex for Goa

Agro-Eco-Tourism: A New Dimension to Agriculture v Agricultural Technology and Agro-Eco Tourism Dissemination Centre, ICAR Research Complex for Goa

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Preface

grO-tourism is the form of tourism which capitalizes on rural culture as a tourist attraction. It has gained a new dimension as a potential income and job generating activity. AThe symbiosis between tourism and agriculture that can be found in agro-tourism is a key element of an environmentally and socially responsible tourism.

Travel and tourism are human-resource intensive, employing directly and indirectly 8 per cent of the global workforce. It is estimated that one job in the core tourism industry creates about one and a half additional or indirect jobs in the tourism-related economy. The diversion of core tourism to agri-tourism is expected to reinforce the employment potential of the sector with increased local hiring and sourcing and significant opportunities in tourism oriented toward local culture and the natural environment.

In agri-tourism sector increasing the involvement of local communities, especially the poor, in the tourism value chain can contribute to the development of local economy and poverty reduction. This can include the local supply of products, labour, and tourism services. There is increasing evidence that more sustainable tourism in rural areas can lead to more positive poverty-reducing effects.

Nowadays more and more travellers are found to favour environmentally-friendly tourism and be willing to pay for related experiences. Traditional mass tourism has reached a stage of steady growth. In contrast, agro-eco-tourism, nature, heritage, cultural, and “soft adventure” tourism are taking the lead and are predicted to grow rapidly over the next two decades. vi Agro-Eco-Tourism: A New Dimension to Agriculture Agricultural Technology and Agro-Eco Tourism Dissemination Centre, ICAR Research Complex for Goa

Agro-tourism is similar to eco-tourism except that its primary appeal is not the natural landscape but a cultural landscape. Agro-tourism can promote regional development and helps to conserve diversity. Agro-tourism can help in in situ conservation of plant and animal genetic resources. An advantage of this approach is that rural areas are popular destinations for holidays and excursions, particularly cultural landscapes which still give a glimpse of how past generations lived and worked. The agro-tourism can generate additional income for farmers and contribute to the conservation and development of the whole region.

Specific plans, mechanisms and tools to educate small and medium sized tourism related enterprises are critical. The promotion and widespread use of internationally recognised standards for sustainable tourism can help businesses understand the practical aspects of sustainable tourism and assist with mobilising investment.

Authors

Agro-Eco-Tourism: A New Dimension to Agriculture vii Agricultural Technology and Agro-Eco Tourism Dissemination Centre, ICAR Research Complex for Goa

Contents Foreward ... Preface ... Agro-eco-tourism : 1 Ø Objectives of Agro-eco-tourism 7 Ø Basic principles of Agri-Tourism 9 Ø Why Agro Tourism? 9 Ø Reasons for popularity 11 Ø Agro-eco-tourism as an enterprise 11 Ø Concept of Agro-eco tourism 12 Ø Agro-Eco-Tourism -Benefits 12 Ø Components of agro eco tourism 13 1. Agro eco tourism centre 14 2. Agro eco tourism sight 14 3. Agro technology park 14 Ø Development of agro-eco tourism 15 Ø Agro eco tourism development stake holders 16 Ø Socio economic prospects of agro eco tourism 16 Ø Difference between Agro Tourism and Eco-Tourism 17 Ø Role of agriculture institutes in promotion of agro-eco-tourism 17 Ø Role of NGOs 18 Ø Scope for Agro-eco Tourism 18 a) Agro-Eco-Tourism Farms as Knowledge Centres on Biodiversity 19 b) Scope for horticultural crops 20 c) Scope : Ecology and education 22 d) Scope : Aesthetic Pleasure 22 e) Scope for Policy interventions 23 Ø Agro-eco and Some case studies 23 Ø Promoting agro-eco-tourism 26 Ø Services offered by Agro-Eco-Tourism centres 27 Ø Constraints 29 Ø People’s Involvement 30 Ø Perspective 30 Ø Agro-Eco Tourism Centers in Goa and Maharashtra 36

viii Agro-Eco-Tourism: A New Dimension to Agriculture Agricultural Technology and Agro-Eco Tourism Dissemination Centre, ICAR Research Complex for Goa

Agro-Eco-Tourism: A New Dimension to Agriculture ix Agricultural Technology and Agro-Eco Tourism Dissemination Centre, ICAR Research Complex for Goa

Agro-eco-tourism : A new dimension to Agriculture

ourism has emerged as one of the additional income generating activities largest global economic activities. to existing Agriculture would certainly As per the estimate of World increase contribution of Agriculture to TTravel and Tourism Council (W.T.T.C), national GDP. Serious efforts need to be tourism generated more than worth $5 Goa falls into three distinct categories trillion of output equivalent to about in terms of topography, , 8% of total world G.N.P. India’s share the midland region and the coastal belt. of world tourist arrival has been merely However, the coastal region, even though 4%. W.T.T.O. in its Tourism vision it occupies very small portion of the total 2020 has projected that there would be geographical spread of the state, it has about 1.6 billion international tourists been the most popular tourist destination in all countries of the world by the year especially those coming from abroad. 2020. As per the same estimation India As a result, the entire concentration is expected to fuel 4.5 times growth in of touristic activities has mainly been international tourists’ destination thus confined along beaches. playing a major role in the economy of the states. This has resulted into un-even and haphazard growth of tourism in the State Agriculture is backbone of Indian depriving a large section of the people Economy. Eighty five percent of the living in interior and hinterland areas population is directly or indirectly from taking benefit of the growth of dependent on Agriculture where as 26 tourism activities in Goa. percent of GDP comes from agriculture, 110 million farmers are dwelling in Some of the types of tourism that are 6.25 lakh villages producing more than prevalent in this region are as follows: 200 MT of food grains feeding the 1. Beach Tourism: As Goa has a 105 country. More than profession, business, km coast line, the beaches of Goa are agriculture is culture. Hence, adding a very important tourist attraction.

Agro-Eco-Tourism: A New Dimension to Agriculture 1 Agricultural Technology and Agro-Eco Tourism Dissemination Centre, ICAR Research Complex for Goa

From Keri in the north to Palolem in the south, Goa has many world famous beaches like Arambol, Colva (longest beach in Goa), Anjuna, Calangute, Palolem and many other small lesser known beaches where the tourists can relax, soak up the sun and feast on the local cuisine.

2. Eco Tourism: Goa has a very good A view of beach in Goa potential for activities like trekking, area is protected area. Around 1.25 lakhs paragliding, dolphin sighting, tourist visit these sanctuaries every year. boating, and mountain climbing. Goa has a variety of flora and fauna which could be used to attract tourists to Goa has four wild life sanctuaries, one these places. Goa also has two beautiful wild life national park and one bird lakes, at Mayem and Carambolim, where sanctuary. Almost 60 % of the Goan migratory birds are sighted in large numbers.

3. Health Tourism: Medical tourism is a recent phenomenon in Goa. Many world class medical hospitals like Apollo have been started in Goa, which provide world class facilities at a fraction of the corresponding

Dudhsagar falls Mayem lake

2 Agro-Eco-Tourism: A New Dimension to Agriculture Agricultural Technology and Agro-Eco Tourism Dissemination Centre, ICAR Research Complex for Goa

cost abroad. Foreigners from many developed countries prefer to come to Goa for a variety of treatment ranging from dental surgery, hearing problems, knee replacements to even heart surgery. This is a market where Goa has potential for further development and the government should take steps to see that this market can be sustained and increased medical tourism can be promoted in the future. Mangeshi Temple world come to these places to visit Goa is a land of peace and tranquility. The them. The World Heritage Site at hinterlands of Goa, far from the noise of the Old Goa is a major tourist attraction city, are perfect for yoga and meditations. with a large number of churches The peaceful villages, where the occasional such as St Cajetan, Our Lady of the lowing of a cow is the only likely pleasant Mount, St Francis of Assisi Church attraction, are a perfect backdrop for such a and Convent, Basilica of Bom Jesus, type of tourism. Goa has not concentrated Se Cathedral, Church of Our Lady of on this at present, but there is a huge Rosary, the Archaeological Museum, potential for this type of activity. the Christian Art Museum, the ruins of the Church and Monastery 4. Heritage Tourism: As with the rest of St Augustine, The Chapel of of India, Goa too is famous for its St Catherine, the Viceroy’s Arch, religious places and it is a major Chapel of St Anthony Convent of reason why tourists all over the Santa Monica. Besides this there

Fort Aguada Basilica of Bom Jesus

Agro-Eco-Tourism: A New Dimension to Agriculture 3 Agricultural Technology and Agro-Eco Tourism Dissemination Centre, ICAR Research Complex for Goa

Tambadi Surla Temple Mangroves and backwater

are many other beautiful churches songs (Mandos, Fugddies, Goff, and temples all over Goa. A few Godemodni and many others). kilometers away from Of late Goa has been the permanent Old Goa, we have the famous Mangueshi venue for International Film Festival of and Mardol temples as well as the India (IFFI). This particular event draws Saptakoteshwar temples at Narve. tourists from various parts the world. Goa has an architecturally rich heritage which could be projected by the 6. Backwater Tourism: Goa is government as tourist places. Goa has crisscrossed with rivers flowing many forts like Chapora, Teracol and from the eastern Sahyadri Range Alorna which can be used to attract the to the western Arabian Sea. From tourists. north to south, the following rivers, Tiracol, Chapora, Mandovi, Zuari, 5. Cultural Tourism: Goa is a land of rich and diverse culture and people of different religions and faith (Hindus, Muslims and Christians) live peacefully together in harmony and they are famous for their own traditions and culture. Goa is famous for the Carnival, Shigmo and the IFFI. Besides, Bonderam (Divar), Sangod (Boat festival) and Taranga are also famous. Goa is known for traditional cultural dances and Carnival in Goa: A tourist attraction

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Agro-eco-tourism or Farm tourism is the latest addition to this list which has a tremendous potential in Goa.

Agro-eco--tourism Agro-eco-tourism is the latest concept in the Indian tourism industry, which normally occurs on farms. It is the symbiotic association of farming sector, Shigmo: A popular festival in Goa tourism industry and farm business. It is Sal and Talpona, flow windingly indeed, the economic activity that occurs through villages and give support when people link travel with agricultural to the local economy, either for products, services or experiences to cater agriculture or for fishing. Sight to the needs of mutual demands. seeing can be done from the water It gives you the opportunity to experience instead of the road. The inland the real enchanting and authentic contact cruises could have landing points with the rural life, taste the local genuine near the spice gardens, churches and food and get familiar with the various temples so that the tourist can see farming tasks during the visit. It provides the important places too along with you the escape from the daily hectic life in the scenic river trip. the peaceful rural environment. It gives

A view of bamboo bridge at agro-tourism centre

Agro-Eco-Tourism: A New Dimension to Agriculture 5 Agricultural Technology and Agro-Eco Tourism Dissemination Centre, ICAR Research Complex for Goa the chance to relax and revitalize in the pure natural environment, surrounded by magnificent setting. Agri-tourism would also provide tourists with an opportunity to be close to where the 75% of Indians live. Real India, as we know, resides in the villages. A concept, agri-eco-tourism entails visiting a working farm or any agriculture, horticulture or agribusiness operation, for the purpose of enjoyment, education or active involvement in the activities of the farm or operation. If the Multistoreyed cropping in agro-tourism unit first indications of the joint ongoing study by the Confederation of Indian Industries Agro-eco-tourism would secure a (CII) and Yes Bank are taken into multifunctional, sustainable and consideration, the scope of agri-tourism is competitive agriculture, maintain the very promising. The concept is to tap the landscape and the countryside, contribute vast market of inland urban tourists who to the vitality of rural communities, want to take a break from a mechanical respond to consumer concerns and life and enjoy the peace and tranquility of demands regarding food quality and rural life in its natural abundance. safety, environmental protection, animal welfare, etc. Agro-eco-tourism is the new value added agricultural business, for The societal demands include improving the incomes and potential contribution to agricultural employment, economic viability of small farms and viability of the rural country side and rural communities. Agri-tourism can regional development, agricultural take many forms like roadside stands or on farm direct sales, which can offer landscape and cultural heritage values, farm-fresh produce to travelers as well as good farming technologies and practices interaction with growers. Agri-tourism that respect animal welfare, environment ends farmers’ isolation and offers the protection and food security. Tourism and opportunity to make new friends and agriculture are usually far from people’s build stronger links to the community. mind when they go on their holidays. Social skills and a scenic, clean, attractive Yet the relationship between tourism and farm are crucial for success in agri- agriculture can be important and far- tourism and can make the farms more reaching for local communities. Impacts ideal location for tourists. of Agro-eco tourism can be greatest

6 Agro-Eco-Tourism: A New Dimension to Agriculture Agricultural Technology and Agro-Eco Tourism Dissemination Centre, ICAR Research Complex for Goa

dimension of Agro-eco-tourism is the agriculture. Agriculture, earlier in the broadest sense, included activities aimed at the use of natural resources for welfare of the human being and it included all primary activities of production. However, agriculture generally means the growing and raising crops and livestock. Over the years it has emerged as an enterprise that encompasses all production activities integrated on A view of ancenstral Goa commercial lines to maximize profits at in locations where tourism is growing minimum costs on bases. rapidly, and where tourism offers an The second dimension of the concept in alternative source of income to traditional agro-eco-tourism is related to Ecosystem cultivation of crops and allied activities. which include biodiversity, organic farming systems, and ecological systems, Objectives of Agro-eco-tourism Hence eco-tourism means making For implementing Agro-eco tourism little environmental impacts as far as into an area, the objectives should possible, help to sustain the indigenous include: Harmonious integration of populace, thinking and encouraging the diversified farming activities with preservation of wild life and habitats tourism for sustainable economic when visiting the places. returns and ecology, local employment generation, delivering aesthetic goods The third dimension, in the agro-eco- and services, environmental protection tourism, is the tourism. The International and management, eco-tourism industry development, infrastructure development and community development leading to socio-economic transformation.

Meaning and Scope Agro-eco-tourism is a new concept tied up with agriculture, ecosystem and tourism. It is necessary to treat these concepts independently to arrive at a meaningful definition of Agro-eco-tourism. The first Model displaying rural activities

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Union of Official Travel Organization defines tourist as a person who undertakes a journey for pleasure, recreation, and temporary sojourn of not less than 24 hours and spend the money which he has brought, without seeking or taking up work or employment in the country or place of his visit. In agro-tourism, tourism is centered around agriculture which encompasses living with nature, Rural artisans at display diversity of life, enjoying the blessings of nature, agriculture production, service small scale enterprises as compared skills and their awareness program, the to resorts. Similarly the agriculture in traditional rural folk life, organic farming rural areas having typical characters plantations such as herbal, medicinal such as plantations, silkworm areas, species, aquaria food, rearing high-tech horticulture products, nurseries, typical agriculture practices, etc. houses, reservoirs, lakes, dams, tanks, sprinkler irrigations etc., handicrafts The agro-eco-tourism is centered and cottage industries, weekly markets, around the ecosystem, which relates rural bankers, deserts, trekking etc. to environment friendly, community which attract the tourists and does not friendly, and market friendly nature of lead to destruction of environment. In the tourism. The main value in the eco- view of these characteristic features of tourism is its potential for promoting agro-eco-tourism, it has wide scope. alliance, among environment and nature These agro-eco-tourism centers are and conserving and developing this. Eco- expected to provide peace and relief from tourism conserves nature, environment stress at less expense, less travel, food, and sustains well being of people in accommodation, and recreation costs. rural areas. The mass tourism may not These centers provide unique farming lead to ecotourism objectives. But agro industry and life style with respect to tourism definitely leads to sustainable culture, tradition etc. development of agro-entrepreneurs and The agro-eco-tourism can be organized agriculture. This is because agro-tourism in a more integrated way by using the spots are generally in rural areas embodied local resources and local folklore in the by rural life with natural resources such agriculture farms to attract the tourists. as forests, waterfalls, aquaculture, forest Some agricultural activities have the orchids etc with historical monuments capacity to absorb the tourists to the and religious places. These are of countryside and agro-eco-tourism has

8 Agro-Eco-Tourism: A New Dimension to Agriculture Agricultural Technology and Agro-Eco Tourism Dissemination Centre, ICAR Research Complex for Goa scope to expand in the days to come. buffalo riding, cooking and participating This industry provides the market for the in the rural games are the few activities products of farmer in the countryside. It to quote in which tourist can take part generates employment during the off- and enjoy. season. It is very much suited to low and middle income group tourists. It satisfies Something for visitors to buy: Rural both farmer and tourists. This business crafts, dress materials, farm gate fresh provides high rate of returns to the agriculture products, processed foods investment and recognition. Each region are the few items which tourist can buy is having unique culture heritage folks as momento for remembrance. etc. Hence, agro-eco- tourism activity can be undertaken in all the regions. Why Agro Tourism? We all know majority of our country Basic principles of Agri-Tourism lives in the rural areas. And in these rural Agri-tourism should ensure the following areas the activities such as agriculture, three basic principles. forestry, and fishery are the means of livelihood. According to Dr. M.S. Something for visitors to see: Animals, Swaminathan agrarian activities will be birds, farms and nature are the few things the only sector for this country which which agri-tourism could offer to the will provide major job opportunities tourist to see. Apart from these, culture, for youth. We all have noticed that dress, festivals and rural games could the outlook of the present policy on create enough interest among tourists in Agriculture by the central government Agri-tourism. is focused on these areas. At the same time we all have observed excesses of Something for visitors to do: modern agriculture technologies causing Participating in agricultural operations damages to the local ecology. The returns and swimming, bullock cart riding, from farming are slow and low of which

Agro-tourism centres can be source of quality plating material

Agro-Eco-Tourism: A New Dimension to Agriculture 9 Agricultural Technology and Agro-Eco Tourism Dissemination Centre, ICAR Research Complex for Goa the price is determined not by the farmer but somebody else. Hence, the existing generation guides their next generation to undertake any other profession but agriculture; which has potential of quick and assured income along with dignity. The outcome of this is that the rural areas are still fumbling for survival and our ecosystems are in deserted condition.

Tourist enjoying peddle boating If Agro Rural Tourism (ART) centers would come up they will automatically / towns and communities. But the protect the ecology by avoiding plastics, integration of tourism and agriculture by promoting greenery and biodiversity activities will open up a new horizon and by creating water bodies; protecting and can play the key role as new employment highlighting medicinal plants and flora partners for rural communities thereby and fauna. Thus, these centers will be the improve the economic status. Besides strong pillars of the rural India. this, agro-eco tourism forms a potential “Alternative to routine tourism” which The constant instability of net farm is “Farm based and Harmonious with incomes and the loss of jobs in rural areas nature. have led to a human and financial capital drain from many rural areas, leaving Further, agro-eco-tourism can bring many farming families and businesses about many more added benefits in rural under economic stress. As has been areas by way of assisting farming and other realized already, agriculture alone can rural families to use existing resources no longer be dependent upon to provide better in order to improve income the economic stability for rural villages and the viability of the farm business, providing interactive opportunities to the villagers with national and international tourists right in their own places thereby enhancing understanding of the outside world, improving the infrastructure facilities and standards for tourists and local people, enriching the heritage and culture of the region, and bringing about overall transformation of rural sectors A watch tower at agro-tourism unit into active functional centres.

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need for it in our contemporary society. Agri-tourism projects re-enforce the need to support local growers and sources and allow the visitor to experience what it is to be part of the land.

Agro-eco-tourism as an enterprise It can be: A supplementary enterprise. As a supplementary enterprise, agri-tourism could be a minor activity that would Spice products for sale at agro-tourism unit support the other products on your farm. For instance, if your primary enterprise is Reasons for popularity livestock production, you may decide to People are more interested in how their food invite school groups to your farm several is produced and want to meet the producers days a month to learn about your animals and talk with them about what goes into food and your occupation. Occasionally production. Children who visit the farms hosting guests on your farm would make often have not seen a live duck, or pig, and agri-tourism a supplementary enterprise have not picked a mango right off the tree. to your primary enterprise as long as the agri-tourism activities were a minor part This form of expanded agri-tourism of your farm product mix. has given birth to what are often called “entertainment farms”. These farms A complementary enterprise. As a cater to the pick-your-own crowd, complementary enterprise, agri-tourism offering not only regular farm products, activities would share equal footing but also food, open-pen animals, train with other enterprises in your farm rides, picnic facilities and pick-your- product mix. For example, you may own produce. have an mango production enterprise on your farm. If you were to sell half of Whether it be called it agri-tourism or rural your mangoes to a wholesaler and the tourism, this niche market not only assists remainder to “pick-your-own” guests on communities with solutions to help diversify your farm, then the two enterprises (the their economic base, but it also helps our wholesale market and the direct market) regional urban centers and increasingly would be complementary enterprises. suburban populations to understand the important role that farming and rural life The primary enterprise. As the primary plays in our history, by highlighting the enterprise, agri-tourism would be the

Agro-Eco-Tourism: A New Dimension to Agriculture 11 Agricultural Technology and Agro-Eco Tourism Dissemination Centre, ICAR Research Complex for Goa dominant activity on your farm. However, advantage of getting broad vision on the because agri-tourism is the main part of production and management aspect of your farm product mix, it becomes your agro products parallel to enjoyment of primary enterprise. It is important for you, natural environment or other tourist as a farmer, to realize that agri-tourism activity. This will create a positive impact has the potential to become whatever on the socio economic condition of you want it to be on your farm. Whether farmers and farm workers. you use agri-tourism as a supplementary, complementary, or primary enterprise, Agro-Eco-Tourism -Benefits you must be ready to think creatively l minimizes the negative impact of and plan effectively in order for your new present day tourism upon the natural enterprise to be successful. and socio cultural environment l Maintains the ecological balance Concept of Agro-eco tourism l Conserves the traditional cultures Basic concepts behind agro-eco tourism prevailing in the natural rural areas are the economic diversification and l Provides a concurrent employment technological improvement and its opportunities for local extension with preservation of art, communities as a family business - culture, wild life, natural resources in an Entrepreneurship Development integrated manner. Agro-eco tourism will l Rural development provide an opportunity to develop tourism in ways that provide agro based products l Reduces the gap of development, among the consumers of the nation as income etc between the rural and urban areas well overseas. Travel by individual or Cashew based Cropping Systems small groups to the agro farms and agro l Accords dignity to the farming technology parks will give an additional profession

Coconut based cropping systems Cashew based cropping systems

12 Agro-Eco-Tourism: A New Dimension to Agriculture Agricultural Technology and Agro-Eco Tourism Dissemination Centre, ICAR Research Complex for Goa

Arecanut based Cropping Systems urban areas. Agro-eco tourism is an unobtrusive development reflecting environmental values and provides the opportunity for economic growth across other community based service providers. This has the potential to contribute significantly to the local, state and regional economies on a sustainable ecologically sound approach. Arecanut based cropping systems l Multifarious range of tourism Components of agro eco tourism products: Agro-eco tourism has the potential of being an active l People : Agro-eco tourism includes participant and contributor to the mutual interaction of local farmers tourism product range. and people paying visit and/or staying on farms to experience rural l Complementary functions: life and or learn about different It can complement existing farming activities. tourism products and link with l Nature and education: This is accommodation, transport and nature-based tourism that involves other tourism related activities and education and interpretation of the service providers. natural environment and is managed to be ecologically sustainable. In order to make tourism more attractive, appealing, natural, aesthetic, l Cultural Products: Agro-eco nutritionally sound reflection of natural Tourism focuses on natural and resources with various technological cultural products while striving to achieve sustainability. l Social relations: It is a relationship between tourism, the natural environment and the local community. l Fiscal components : It is labour and knowledge intensive and encourages dispersion of income directly to regional areas rather than to larger Elephant ride for amusement

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3. Agro technology park The state governments are encouraging the enterprisers for agro business of different kind as cluster approach with several incentives and facility for development of agro technology parks for quality production on commercial scale, preferably for export promotion. Many private entrepreneurs are also engaged in commercial activities related to agriculture, horticulture and animal Trail in spice garden production which are very innovative, aspects of agriculture will be important attractive and remunerative and may components of agro-eco-tourism. These serve as a good source of learning and components will require developing experience to the tourists of varied either as main center or as sight scene interest. The potential agro parks or of tourism activities. The following centers could be as follow: potential technological components are identified suitable for establishment as a Food processing park new unit or to exploit existing unit with Bio-technology park some essential alteration or improvement Organic food centers in the agro-eco-tourism programme. Dairy cattle farms Poultry farm 1. Agro eco tourism centre Vegetable farms The main feature of this center will be Green house farming to establish with lodging and boarding Spice agro-farms facility alongwith wild life parks Bee keeping or sanctuaries, esthetic ecology or Arts & Crafts Demonstrations mountains hill, lakes, river with suitable Fee fishing / hunting agro technology suited to the area. Collection of old farm machinery Biodiversity park 2. Agro eco tourism sight Agro-export zones Agro-eco-tourism sight will be referred Watershed farming models as a tourist sight of agro technology on Goat/sheep farms commercial scale or as cottage industry High Tech Crop production center or practices for livelihood support located Commercial floriculture very near to the main eco-tourism center Vermicomposing or the road side of the main tourism centre. Horticulture/Forest Nursery

14 Agro-Eco-Tourism: A New Dimension to Agriculture Agricultural Technology and Agro-Eco Tourism Dissemination Centre, ICAR Research Complex for Goa

Wineries l Animal based farming system Roadside stand selling fresh farm l Fish based integrated farming system products and craft items Herb walks Development of agro-eco tourism Miniature village Educational Tours for school children, To promote agro-eco tourism in any officers and progressive farmers. place of interest, a systematic approach of Workshops on interesting, emerging collective effort involving all stakeholders agriculture topics. shall be required to achieve the purpose. Festivals with wide publicity and These will include: sponsorship. Antique Villages. 1. Survey of existing tourism centers and sights The agro-technology parks can be 2. Analysis of forest area and its identified either alone or in combination. mapping For instance, orchard based bee keeping farm, green house based, floriculture or 3. Identification of sound ecological vegetable production. Likewise Horti- situation rich in wild life fauna and Silvi-Pastoral or Agri-Horti-Silvi Culture flora System may also be a good project for agro-eco tourism. 4. Identification of plant biodiversity rich location. The important farming systems covered 5. Analysis of agro ecological situation in most of the agro-eco-tourism centres of the area. promoted and operated by interested farmers who have been blessed with strong 6. Comprehensive study on the time, natural resource base and enchanting period and location of various fair, scenic beauty in the hinterlands of Goa cultural and religious festivals of the are as follows: states 7. Preparation of ecological resource l Rice based farming systems map of the area. l Coconut based cropping/farming system 8. Formulation of suitable project with reference to agro-technology l Arecanut based cropping/farming keeping in view its techno economic system feasibility either as main tourism l Cashew based cropping/farming center or as tourist sight of the system tourism activities.

Agro-Eco-Tourism: A New Dimension to Agriculture 15 Agricultural Technology and Agro-Eco Tourism Dissemination Centre, ICAR Research Complex for Goa

Agro eco tourism development stake 8. Private entrepreneurs. holders 9. Farmers, farmers cooperatives/ Promotion of Agri-tourism involves association some more important stakeholders 10. Financial institutions namely Ministry of Agriculture and line departments at state and central Agri-Tourism Development Corporation governments and farmers. Promotion (ATDC) has been established in of Agri-Tourism needs conceptual Maharashtra to aggressively promote convergence with Rural Tourism, Eco- agri-tourism in the state. ATDC would Tourism, Health Tourism, Adventure facilitate agri-tourism initiatives by Tourism and culinary adventures. individual farmers, various private and public organizations. ATDC will The efforts of a single body or agency provide its banner for such initiatives will not be enough to achieve the so that the individual farmer or various successful venture of agro eco tourism organizations can later expand their in the state. There will be need of activity in this field and thereby attract cooperation, support and involvement of more tourists. ATDC is promoting the the following agencies to make agro eco initiative launched by Pune-based Agri tourism economically and commercially Tourism Development Organization viable on sustainable basis. (ATDO). Agri-tourism envisages involvement of the private sector, farmers or agri-tourism service providers, based 1. Tourism department of state and on public-private partnership. The central government. service providers will act both as hosts 2. State department of forest and wild and guides to the visiting tourist. In the life conservations coming years, agri-tourism would evolve 3. Public works department for necessary as one of the fastest growing segments. Tourists are also provided with the facility of main or link roads knowledge about the best agriculture 4. State department of agriculture, practices in areas like floriculture, horticulture and animal husbandry harvesting, bee-keeping and dairying. 5. Department of industry Socio economic prospects of agro 6. Stage Agricultural University eco tourism 7. Central Institutes of Agriculture, Agro-eco tourism is the economic Horticulture and Animal Science activity that occurs when people link located in the State. travel with agricultural products, services

16 Agro-Eco-Tourism: A New Dimension to Agriculture Agricultural Technology and Agro-Eco Tourism Dissemination Centre, ICAR Research Complex for Goa or experiences. The prospects of agro eco as well as advanced agro technology. It is tourism depend on the agriculture and also expected that agro eco tourism center allied sectors. Agro eco tourism will be or sight will serve as a potential source of an important source of income raising to new technology development adaptation the farmers and farm workers by creating and extension among the local people, enhanced opportunity of employment national and international tourists. and quality production. It will be a potential business to improve the socio- Difference between Agro Tourism economic status of the rural people of and Eco-Tourism all levels whether they are engaged in Agro-Eco tourism concept has developed farming, cattle rearing, traditional food due to the negative fallout of existing processing, preservation of local culture Tourism. and tradition, specialist in art, craft and other indigenous skill or expert of local Agro-tourism includes, having people folk, dances and music etc. Further pay to visit and / or learn about different economics of local transporters and other farming activities. The impact of Agro people linked with tourism activities will Tourism can be greatest in locations also get additional benefit. where tourism is growing rapidly and where tourism offers a concurrent Agro eco tourism will give an opportunity source of income to traditional to rural people for quick and good cultivation of crops for a farmer. On return for their product and services. It the other hand eco-tourism is nature- will check migration of rural people to based tourism that involves education cities for finding job opportunities, by and interpretation of the natural providing employment and agro business environment and is managed to be opportunity. It will give to rural people sustained the ecology. It enhances the and farmers to charge a good amount awareness and appreciation of nature. of money for the visit and experience of In short there are some common their work and culture. features like rural development and agriculture development in between Agro eco tourism will create a positive the two concepts, but the borderline impact on the understanding of local being blurred or - with a slight overlap. people as well as of tourists both domestic and international regarding importance of Role of agriculture institutes in wild life, natural resources, ecology wild promotion of agro-eco-tourism flora and agro biodiversity and concept There are around 1000 agriculture of its conservation and its economic teaching, training, research and utilization in combination of traditional marketing organizations in the

Agro-Eco-Tourism: A New Dimension to Agriculture 17 Agricultural Technology and Agro-Eco Tourism Dissemination Centre, ICAR Research Complex for Goa country. Each institute is equipped tourists and increasing India’s share with technically trained manpower in the World Tourism market by their infrastructure for lodging, boarding, innovativeness. The social responsibility fields and other necessary facilities attached with an NGO will not allow which could be used for promotion them to ignore this social aspect which of agro-eco-tourism concept. The is very important in the concept of Agro- same facility could be used for further Eco-Tourism. In fact all the efforts of promotion of the concept by building the Government will not provide the the capacity of the farmers, agripreneurs desired results unless NGOs also actively in agro-eco-tourism. Thus, these participate in the activities concerned centres could serve as nodal centres with Agro-Eco-Tourism. This can be for promotion of agro-eco-tourism possible only if the government as well as concept. All the state agricultural the NGOs work hand in hand for mutual universities, veterinary and fisheries benefit and for promoting Agro-Eco- universities, ICAR institutes, Krishi Tourism. Vigyan Kendras, state, district level farmers training centres, demonstration Scope for Agro-eco Tourism farms and seed production farms could There is a great scope to develop and be brought under this concept. This promote agro-eco tourism. The earlier would bring down economic burden of thinking of beach based tourism is now the government, efficient utilization of fast changing with pressure on land (ON resources and promotion of agro-eco- SHORE). The vast forest areas are being tourism concept. brought under cultivation of various agricultural/ horticultural crops due Role of NGOs to alarming pressure on land in recent The Government definitely has to play its years. part in providing facilities to the tourists by integrating with other Ministries. It also cannot shirk from the responsibility of not only framing rules and regulations for protecting the environment but also in implementing them strictly. Schemes should be formulated so that NGOs come forward and enter into areas where the government cannot due to its various limitations. NGOs have to come forward and take the responsibility of making India a more attractive destination for Intercropping in coconut garden

18 Agro-Eco-Tourism: A New Dimension to Agriculture Agricultural Technology and Agro-Eco Tourism Dissemination Centre, ICAR Research Complex for Goa a) Agro-Eco-Tourism Farms as Knowledge Centres on Biodiversity Organic farming or natural farming is the principle of all these gardens. Such gardens are invariably located in valleys with perennial water streams or in the areas adjoining the rivulets and aim at taking the visitors to the natural destinations. Spice crops are the destinations in these Agro-eco farms Vegetables grown at agro-tourism unit for the visitors especially the Western to see, observe, and aesthetically enjoy or European tourists in Goa. Visitors the wealth of spices in their natural include school children as well, for habitat in the back drop of lush- green- whom these gardens offer opportunity forest covers with natural scenic beauty. to learn and enrich the knowledge about Here visitors can not only breathe fresh spices and their importance. Tropical air but also feel the fresh aroma of spices spice crops as Kokum, black pepper, in their natural forms and can get the clove, nutmeg, cinnamon, cardamom, fresh, pure, organically grown spices allspice, vanilla, etc coupled with native and spice products. These gardens also fruit crops like mango, banana, jack function as health resorts for which fruit, bread fruit, etc., are incorporated visitors attach utmost importance, in palm based farming systems or especially, those who come from the agro-forestry systems with specific hustle and bustle of the metropolitan orientation towards agro-eco tourism. / cosmopolitan mechanical urban life. These gardens provide the tourists or Curative function to overcome the the visitors single window opportunity

Orchids for display and sale Banana plantation

Agro-Eco-Tourism: A New Dimension to Agriculture 19 Agricultural Technology and Agro-Eco Tourism Dissemination Centre, ICAR Research Complex for Goa

Various facilities available at Agro-Tourism centres Name of agro tourism Facilities available center Sahakari Spice Farm Food, Elephant bath, Elephant ride, Spice trip, Spice Shoppe, cashew processing unit etc Pascoal spice village Food, Accommodation, Boating, rafting, Elephant bath, elephant ride, cashew processing unit, Nursery, Vanilla processing, Flower production Tropical Spice plantation Food, Boating, Elephant bath, Elephant ride, Spice trip, Spice Shoppe, cashew processing unit, Rural artesian etc Sahyadri Spice farm Food, Accommodation, Massage, Spice farm trip, Rural artesian, Yoga , swimming etc Godfreys Indian Retreat Food, Accommodation, Elephant bath, Elephant ride, Spice trip, Boating, Bird watching, Emu farming etc Tanshikar spice farm Food, Accommodation, Spice trip, farm products, etc Savoi Plantations Food, Spice trip, Farm products, etc mental melancholy is another feature of aroma gardens – a predominant of such Agro-eco-tourism gardens philosophy of the Agro-eco-tourism, for which also visitors throng to these wherein the spice components play destinations. Cottages admixtured key role. Agro-eco tourism manifests with natural habitats of crops, fishes, multiple functions by way of bringing livestocks and herbal health care units eco-friendly (natural) farming for coupled with , provide the sustainable production and tourism visitors comfortable stay in the midst industry together for deriving dual flow of economic benefits.

b) Scope for horticultural crops Eco-friendly plantations like coffee, tea, coconut, areca nut, cashew nut and spices have emerged as most sought after tourist destinations with natural scenic beauty. From historical times India is regarded as the ‘House of spices’. Coffee based cropping systems comprising of spices like cardamom and Kokum

20 Agro-Eco-Tourism: A New Dimension to Agriculture Agricultural Technology and Agro-Eco Tourism Dissemination Centre, ICAR Research Complex for Goa

Tree hut at agro-eco-tourism unit View of restaurant

Swimming pool at agro-eco-tourism unit Relaxing by riverside

Making agro-tourism attracting with artisans Accommodation at agro-tourism centre

Agro-Eco-Tourism: A New Dimension to Agriculture 21 Agricultural Technology and Agro-Eco Tourism Dissemination Centre, ICAR Research Complex for Goa pepper are envisaged as potential agro- eco tourism destinations in Kodagu of . Similarly, coconut and areca nut based cropping systems comprising of pepper, clove, nutmeg, cinnamon, kokum (Garcinia indica), Kodampulli (Garcania gummigutta), vanilla, ginger and turmeric, etc are gaining increasing importance in coastal states as are the Tea based cropping systems (Tea + Pepper) Rubber plantation else where in the country. Organic cultivation and organic recycling of farm kinds, besides their utilization for waste for raising organic spices, Vermi- agricultural/ horticultural production. composting and livestock components These farms can be powerful centres for are the vital activities in providing creating awareness among the people the most sought after commodities about conservation of soil and water to the visitors. Climbing of arecanut resources and their legitimate use. and coconut palms is a great skill that Avenues and opportunities are also being imparts a rare amusement for tourists. provided to tourists for educating them In fact, climbing palms is a community on ecological farming of various agro based profession for earning livelihood based enterprises. and is fast dwindling due to social transformation. d) Scope : Aesthetic Pleasure Within this context, agro-eco tourism has Similarly, other crops like banana, gained a new level of importance as there jack fruit, aonla, pineapple, citrus, is a growing demand from the city-based mango, cashew, various indigenous urban population to enjoy and participate vegetables an array of flower crops in country living with expectations for like Champak (Michelia champaka), physical outdoor recreation, fresh air, ashoka (Saraca indica), Cassia (Cassia mental peace and tranquility. Tourists fistula), jasmine, lotus and lilies etc add would be most delighted to enjoy the specialty appearance, besides providing handpicked delicious fruits, vegetables, commodity services. fish, prawn etc. of their choice. c) Scope : Ecology and education This has resulted in more and more Interspersed with waterfalls, natural people seeking information and ‘know streams, lakes, agro-eco farms provide how’ on how to establish farm based opportunities for water sports of different tourism businesses.

22 Agro-Eco-Tourism: A New Dimension to Agriculture Agricultural Technology and Agro-Eco Tourism Dissemination Centre, ICAR Research Complex for Goa e) Scope for Policy interventions type of tourists visiting, type of cropping It will also facilitate the policy makers to system, services offered, constraints and produce strategic Agro-eco tourism schemes expectations from the government and and plans incorporating agriculture and ICAR institutes was collected. nature eco-tourism for the region. Drawing of exclusive banking policies for supporting Since Goa has carved a niche as agro-eco tourism projects open up new vista internationally renowned tourist and has vast scope. destination, the Agricultural Technology Dissemination Centre (ATDC) of this Agro-eco Tourism in Goa and Some institute has taken up the promotion of case studies agro-eco-tourism on top most priority, It is expected that by the year 2020, about besides rendering the services mentioned 27 lakhs tourists may be visiting Goa and as above. It is the endeavor of this this number might go up by the year institute to promote agro-eco-tourism in 2030. Considering the expected rise in the backdrop of main stream tourism in number of tourists, it therefore offers a Goa and adjoining regions. vast scope of economic opportunities for people of Goa having it’s direct and Services offered by ATDC for indirect linkages with other sectors of promoting Agro-Eco-Tourism the economy of the State. 1. Sensitizing interested farmers and formulations of norms for Paradigm shift from “on shore tourism” establishing Agro- tourism units. to “off shore tourism” is a key turning 2. Providing new technology, new point in Goan Tourism industry that has package, and innovation to farmers. envisaged a tremendous potential. As the carrying capacity of most of the famous 3. Promote the existing well reputed beaches has reached maximum threshold farms/plantations in Goa level, it is imperative to shift the attention 4. Formulating priorities and of tourists to the hinterlands which have reorienting research programmes to been blessed with enchanting scenic promote Agro- Eco- tourism. beauty of natural forest. 5. Involving local people for A detailed survey of the existing agro- development of rural areas as hub of eco-tourism centers using a non- agro-eco-tourism. validated survey proforma was carried 6. Offering guidance and helping by the institute. A total of eight centers farmers for developing spice were visited on information on various gardens/plantations, herb garden, aspects including the facilities available, floriculture, biogas plant, vermin-

Agro-Eco-Tourism: A New Dimension to Agriculture 23 Agricultural Technology and Agro-Eco Tourism Dissemination Centre, ICAR Research Complex for Goa

compost unit, rabbitry, poultry units, goatery, piggery and integrated farming units 7. making efforts to include agro- eco-tourism centres of Goa and adjoining areas in the world tourist map.

Agro-Eco tourism centers in Goa Name of enterprise Location Sahakari Spice Farm Curti-Ponda Local cuisine is an attraction Pascoal Spice Village Khandepar, Ponda as well as other useful aspects in which Tropical Spice farm Arla Keri -Ponda visitors interested the most. On the other hand their yield contributes for Savoi Plantation Savoi-Verem, direct income generation to farmers or Ponda entrepreneurs’. Sahyadri Spice farm Pikalewadi Mollem Sanguem Subsidiary Unit Godfreys Indian Sal-Bicholim Along with crops these entrepreneurs’ Retreat have other units like Nursery, dairy, Tanshikar Spice Netravalim poultry, piggery, vermicompost, spice Farm Sanguem processing unit, cashew processing units Raut Farm Sal, Bicholim earn monitory benefits. It also makes available the manures for nourishment Major plantation and spice crops : of crops available in farm. Nursery as The major crop of the enterprise is well as other products of subsidiary units coconut and coconut based multistoried are sold at the farm which generates cropping system. banana, areca nut, additional income to the farmer. cashew, vanilla, black pepper, nutmeg, cinnamon, mango and other fruit Infrastructure availability crops like Sapota, Jackfruit Pineapple Spending some time with nature is the as well as medicinal plants were ideal way to enjoy few moment in busy predominant. These crops primarily life. People are experiencing cool and used as the sight for visitors to visit calm nature by staying at these agro- and get acquainted with its production tourism centers which provide them

24 Agro-Eco-Tourism: A New Dimension to Agriculture Agricultural Technology and Agro-Eco Tourism Dissemination Centre, ICAR Research Complex for Goa to enjoy nature. Infrastructure such as restaurant are made with the coconut leaves, bamboo and other material available at farm. Residential building are constructed with all facilities inside it. Enough care has been taken to bring rural culture in and around the building to create a typical rural background.

Food availability Food is one of the special interest of the Old houses can be a part rural heritage visitors visiting agro tourism centers. As food is prepared is typical Goan village generated at agro-tourism centers for style and cooked in mud pots, it has taste daily routine works. of its own. Food includes large varieties of delicious Goan dishes like Fish, Kinds of tourist visited: Varieties Chicken, Vegetables and others as per of tourist visits to these agro-tourism demand of the visitors. Seasonal fruits centers which includes domestic, foreign can be plucked from the tree itself during tourist as well as students from various the particular season . Institutes for their academics.

Special adventure:- Elephant ride, Hurdles in business: As there are no fix elephant bath, boating, rafting, fishing, norms as in some other state of India for visit to historical places, swimming, bird- agro tourism due to which some people watching, yoga, massage, meditation, without having proper infra structure buffalo ride, etc. which can be only practicing agro-eco tourism centre spoils enjoyed at agro-tourism centre. the reputation of agro-eco tourism.

Monitory returns: Profit margin is excellent as this activity provides additional income besides regular farm income.

Employment generation: As people are required for maintenance of these agro eco tourism enterprises it has also generated some employment to locals. On an average twenty employments are Old machinery at display

Agro-Eco-Tourism: A New Dimension to Agriculture 25 Agricultural Technology and Agro-Eco Tourism Dissemination Centre, ICAR Research Complex for Goa

Availability of labour and marketing of farm produce is also one of the problems of entrepreneurs. As maximum farm are located in villages the lack of facilities like health, transport, proper publicity to agro- tourism also affect the growth of business. Natural calamities also sometimes affect the farms making loss to the centres.

Assistance from the Government: Rural artisans at display Farmers from time to time approach the various Institutes viz. ICAR Research areas have led to a human and financial Complex for Goa, Department of capital drain from many rural areas, Agriculture for their queries related leaving many farming families and to agriculture and for other technical businesses under economic stress. As guidance for development and has been realized already, agriculture maintenance of agro-eco tourism centres. alone can no longer be dependent upon to provide the economic stability for Preferences of visitors: Visitors are rural villages and communities. But the mostly preferring farm visits, Goan integration of tourism and agriculture foods, peace and silence at centres, old activities will open up new vistas and monuments, rural culture, adventure like can play key role as new employment boating, rafting, elephant ride, elephant partners for rural communities thereby bath, and yoga. improving the economic status. Besides this, Agro-eco tourism forms a potential Promoting agro-eco-tourism “Alternative to routine tourism” which The constant instability of net farm is “Farm based and harmonious with incomes and the loss of jobs in rural n a t u r e”.

Folk dance being played Place for meetings and paries

26 Agro-Eco-Tourism: A New Dimension to Agriculture Agricultural Technology and Agro-Eco Tourism Dissemination Centre, ICAR Research Complex for Goa

Sahakari Spice Farm, while abundant tropical orchids, Bimla (Averrhoa carambola) avenues, picturesque riverside location, rafter water sports, fishing pleasure, availability of quality planting material of orchids, anthriums and other ornamental plants, bird watching opportunity, swing hangs on river bank, etc offer real eco-farm pleasure at “Spice Village”. On the other hand, “Tropical Spice Plantations” Restaurant at an agro-tourism unit has such special features as display of Agro-eco tourism can bring about many rural artisan and coconut handicrafts, more added benefits in rural areas by majestic entry on bamboo bridge across way of assisting farming and other the rivulet, elephant shower bath and rural families to use existing resources elephant riding, organic spices, etc for effectively in order to improve income the visitors. One can enjoy the hill side and the viability of the farm business, location of “Savoi Plantations” adjoining providing interactive opportunities to the the traditional rice fields in valleys and villagers with national and international Crocodiles ponds in the farm besides tourists right in their own places thereby cool hill side breeze under palm thatchet. enhance understanding of the outside Traditional welcome is a pleasant moment in all these farms and makes a world, improving the infrastructure total departure from urban style. facilities and standards for tourists and local people, enriching the heritage Spice crops are the destinations in these and culture of the region, increasing Agro-eco farms for the visitors especially foreign currency earning through “Rural the Western or European tourists in Goa. Windows” and bringing about overall Visitors include school children as well, transformation of rural sectors into for whom these gardens offer opportunity active functional centres. to learn and enrich the knowledge about spices and their importance. Tropical Services offered by spice crops as Kokum, black pepper, clove, Agro-Eco-Tourism centres nutmeg, cinnamon, cardamom, allspice, Organic production of vanilla, pepper, vanilla, etc coupled with native fruit etc., use of dung slurry for plastering crops like banana, jack fruit, bread fruit, the dining arena, coconut and areca mango, cashew, etc., are incorporated nut thatches are the special features of in palm based farming systems or

Agro-Eco-Tourism: A New Dimension to Agriculture 27 Agricultural Technology and Agro-Eco Tourism Dissemination Centre, ICAR Research Complex for Goa agroforestry systems with specific throng to these destinations. Cottages orientation towards Agro-eco tourism. admixtured with natural habitats of These gardens provide the tourists or the crops, fishes, live-stocks and herbal visitors single window opportunity to health care units coupled with Goan see, observe, and aesthetically enjoy the cuisine, provide the visitors comfortable wealth of spices in their natural habitat stay in the midst of aroma gardens – a in the back drop of lush- green-forest predominant philosophy of the Agro-eco covers with natural scenic beauty. Here tourism, where in the spice components visitors can not only breath fresh air play key role. Agro-eco tourism but also feel the fresh aroma of spices in manifests multiple functions by way of their fresh forms and can get the fresh, bringing eco-friendly (natural) farming pure, organically grown spices and spice for sustainable production and tourism products. These gardens also function as industry together for deriving dual health gardens for which visitors attach flow of economic benefits. This is very utmost importance, especially, those much required in states like Goa where who come from the hustle and bustle Agrarian practices have to withstand the of the metropolitan / cosmopolitan onslaught of Tourism industry. mechanical urban life. Curative function to overcome the mental melancholy Constraints is another feature of such Agro-eco The survey of the existing units revealed tourism gardens for which also visitors critical aspects of looking at agro-eco

Guided tour to the farm

28 Agro-Eco-Tourism: A New Dimension to Agriculture Agricultural Technology and Agro-Eco Tourism Dissemination Centre, ICAR Research Complex for Goa tourism include unclear definition, units. Hence, either collectively since different components make up the such agro-eco-tourism operators can agro-tourism products. Definition needs provide publicity or organizations to be endorsed at a national tourism like ITDC, State tourism development level. Agro-eco-tourism destinations corporations, NGOs, press and are not always convenient and at times tour operators can take up this conducted in isolated areas. In such responsibility cases, lack of transport and back up services, lack of awareness among both Transport – Reaching the remote agro- farmers and tourists about the potential eco-tourism units is the greatest challenge benefits, lack of basic information for due to lack of approach roads and poor financing such projects /entrepreneurs, transportation facilities in rural areas. lack of integration into the whole tourism economy, lack of market intelligence Accommodation – Safe and clean research on agro-eco-tourism, etc are the accommodation is must in agro-eco- major impediments. Another bottleneck tourism. is lack of co-ordination between main stream tourism and agro-eco tourism Networking – Networking public and in respect of the different components private stakeholders at national and making up an agro-eco-tourism industry state level to assist the agro-eco-tourism in a region. Hither to, the absence of any operator at remote places is necessary. formal training programmes pertinent This network can get policy support, to agro-eco-tourism sector has been infrastructure and publicity to agro-eco- cause for the slow percolation of its tourism units. potent results among both marketers and consumers alike. The present status of Capacity building of farmers – Farmer agro-eco-tourism is the result of some need to be oriented on maintenance of enthusiastic farmers who have faced facilities, hospitality and public relation lots of initial hurdles in encashing the which he may not be aware. economic and ecological benefits while delivering goods and services to agro- Safety of tourists – Agro-eco-tourism eco tourists. units are located in remote areas which lack roads, medical facilities, The issues which need attention for the telecommunication and sometimes promotion of agro-eco-tourism are : threat from theft and wild animals. Hence, support of local population is Publicity – It is difficult to provide must besides facilities for emergency publicity to a remote agro-eco-tourism medical care.

Agro-Eco-Tourism: A New Dimension to Agriculture 29 Agricultural Technology and Agro-Eco Tourism Dissemination Centre, ICAR Research Complex for Goa

Private – pubic partnership – in promoting agro-eco-tourism activities. Agripreneurs, farmers’ organizations, Moreover, besides visiting the places, co-operatives, NGOs and agribusiness people are also interested in knowing companies can take up these ventures local customs and practices so as to have with the help of farmers and government a glimpse into social fabric of people as agencies tour operators. Transporters a part of touristic experience. This can and hospitality industry would also best be facilitated only by locals. Eco benefit in the process. tourism can be very well linked to village tourism, by providing a village ambience People’s Involvement and familiarization with local art and One of the foremost advantages of eco- culture, rural artisans etc. Locals acting tourism is to involve local people in this as guide and promotions of eco-tourism venture. As all the activities envisaged would act as interface between visitors therein relate to outdoors, basic services and locals. Local art and craft also get a for the same are to be provided locally. boost due to increased tourists interest. This throws open good opportunity for Thus ecotourism offers vast potential for the people to engage themselves in self involving people and contributing to the employment be in form of providing local local economy in a big way. transport, eateries, and other provisions or even to act as guides and conductors Perspective for field excursions. It is a common Imperatives for promoting agro-eco- observation in Goa as elsewhere that tourism in state like Goa are too many local economy improves significantly due and urgently call for sustained efforts on to increased tourism activities. Many the part of local government. Leads from a youths can be given basic training by department in promoting the activities authorities to act as eco-tourist guides in a time bound manner, facilitation of and also provided with necessary visitor friendly amenities in protected literature etc to pass on information area, a perfect information center with about park to the visitors. In the entire committed wild life staff and launch of venture, the locals can develop vital good publicity blitz are the essential stake in the protection and management pre-requisites to be put in place at the of areas thus helping create a pro-active moment. A good co-ordination with friendly buffer around protected areas. GTDC, Tourism Deptt, tours and travel Since local people have thorough operators and involving right minded knowledge and understanding of terrain, youths drawn from the villages around landscape, local routes, cultural practices the park/sanctuary area equipping them etc, given the adequate training and with essential ingredients of training motivation they can act as good partners to act as effective eco-guides should

30 Agro-Eco-Tourism: A New Dimension to Agriculture Agricultural Technology and Agro-Eco Tourism Dissemination Centre, ICAR Research Complex for Goa be the foremost step taken in this Agrotourism can help in in-situ direction. As India marches faster on conservation of animal and plant the path of development in the coming genetic resources. Concerted efforts are years, the intrinsic values of our natural therefore needed to identify interesting endowments such as forestry and wildlife animal breeds and plant varieties and would go up significantly and societies explore their potential for agro-tourism. would begin to put a premium on the Ttraditional knowledge need to be same. In fact India with it’s uniquely gathered on the management and use rich-bio-cultural diversity heritage, and of these breeds and varieties. This will varied eco-systems in all poised to take help to raise the population's awareness to altogether new dimension in coming of the value of agrobiodiversity, and years and we should be ready to gear our will be indispensable for the long-term commands to meet such expectations conservation of diversity. from the sector. Government has to play a very important There is great scope to harness role if it really wants to promote Agro- agricultural activities to promote eco-tourism and at the same time improve Agro-eco tourism in harmony with the ecology. Its role in formulating nature and promote enhanced income regulations for wild life, forests and generation in rural areas. There is coastal line, preventing the exploitation a need to fast track agriculture and of local residents by big business nature (eco) tourism products to the houses, seed certifications, funding market to demonstrate to regional R&D, providing subsidies, conforming to communities, the potential benefits of minimum standards and dealing with the these products. More emphasis needs to negative impacts of tourism expansion be given for creating awareness in the (social and environmental) will determine regional communities of opportunities the future path of agro-eco-tourism. and avenues for entering the tourism Although academic and research institutes industry and develop resources for training, education and promotion. have not fully analysed the agro-eco- Encouraging partnerships between tourism concept, it is imperative to utilize tourism associations, cooperatives, this tool to conserve, develop, research, non-governmental organisations and educate and market the agro-biodiversity, others who wish to be involved with technology development and sustainable agriculture and nature (eco) tourism issues. Non-governmental organizations will go a long way in the development have a role to assist the government, this field thereby realizing the potential private sector and communities in economic and ecological benefits in implementing, monitoring and evaluating future. responsible tourism.

Agro-Eco-Tourism: A New Dimension to Agriculture 31 Agricultural Technology and Agro-Eco Tourism Dissemination Centre, ICAR Research Complex for Goa

Agro-tourism initiatives at the Institute

ATDC building at Institute premises View of Agro-Eco-tourism cell

View of Agro-tourism unit at the Institute

Facilities for Agro-tourism promotion Vegetables grown at the at the Institute Institute

32 Agro-Eco-Tourism: A New Dimension to Agriculture Agricultural Technology and Agro-Eco Tourism Dissemination Centre, ICAR Research Complex for Goa

Suggested Tourist Routes in Goa incorporating Agri-eco-tourism sites with main stream tourism (Starting point)

Old Goa churches Diwar Island Dr St Augustine Tower Viceroy palace Chodan Archeological museum Norway temple Mangrove areas ICAR Research Complex for Goa Paddy fields Mangeshi Mayem lake Mardol Farmagudi Fort, Temples Old Goa churches Shantadurga Temple Marcel Goa Dairy Ganapati temple, Khandola Sahakari Spice Farm Laxmi Narayan Temple Pascoal Spice Village Savoi Plantation Anant Temple Sahyadri Spice Farm Tropical Spice Plantation Bhagwan Mahavir Sanctuary Goa Dairy Dudhsagar falls Ponda Tambdi Surla Temple

Panaji (Starting point) Panaji (Starting point) Mapusa (Friday sandy) Bicholim Cashew processing factory, Pottary, Brass Lamp making Sanquelim Vithal temple, Datta Temple Harwalem falls, Caves River Valpoi

Agro-Eco-Tourism: A New Dimension to Agriculture 33 Agricultural Technology and Agro-Eco Tourism Dissemination Centre, ICAR Research Complex for Goa

Margaon (Starting point) Ancestral Goa, Lotoulim Chandor Sanguem Ponda Biggest house in Goa Jambavalim Botanical garden Damodar temple Neturlim Wildlife sanctuary Bubble tank

Some useful information In order to establish agricultural enterprises information may be sought from the following:

Bee Keeping l Central Bee Research Institute Directorate of Beekeeping Khadi and Village Industries Commission 1153, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune 411 016. 020 25655351 / 020 25675865 020 27170770 Butterfly gardens 1. Shillong Butterfly Museum Jaiaw Road Shillong, Meghalaya Website: http://www.india9.com/ i9show/Butterfly- Museum-28471.htm

2. Butterfly Park, Bannerghatta National Park Bangalore Karnataka

Mushroom l Directorate of Mushroom Research (Indian Council for Agricultural Research) Chambaghat, Solan – (HP) 173213 India

34 Agro-Eco-Tourism: A New Dimension to Agriculture Agricultural Technology and Agro-Eco Tourism Dissemination Centre, ICAR Research Complex for Goa

Sericulture l Director, Directorate of Sericulture, Govt. of Maharashtra, m.S. Handloom Corporation, Administrative Bldg, 1st Floor, Behind St. Gini, umred Rd. Nagpur-440 009 Maharashtra. Off:0712-2714334/2711353. l Commissioner of Cottage & Rural Industries, Govt. of Gujarat, udyog Bhavan, Block No.6, Gandhi Nagar-382 011, Gujarat, Off:079-23250700, Fax:0172-2582595 l Commissioner for Sericulture Development & Director of Sericulture, Govt. of Karnataka, 5th floor, m.S. Bldg., Dr. Ambedkar Veedhi, Banbgalore-560 001, Karnataka Off:080-22323477, Fax:080-22353881

Training on Agribusiness l Co-ordinator, Agriclinics and Agribusiness Centres Cell National Institute of Agricultural Extension Management (MANAGE) Rajendranagar, Hyderabad – 500 030 Andhra Pradesh, India Telephone (Direct):40 – 24015399 (Office) :40 – 24001266 (Fax) :40 – 24001267 E-Mail: [email protected]

Agro-Eco-Tourism: A New Dimension to Agriculture 35 Agricultural Technology and Agro-Eco Tourism Dissemination Centre, ICAR Research Complex for Goa

Agro-Eco Tourism Centers in Goa and Maharashtra Sahakari Spice Farm Savoi Plantation Sahakari Brothers 50, Mardol Ponda Road, Curti, Ponda, Goa Savoi-Verem, Phone : (0832) 2312394 Ponda-403401, Goa 403115 Fax : (0832) 2319826 Phone : (0832) 2340272 Mobile : 9822121636 Mobile : 09423888899 / 09823340272 [email protected] Telefax: 0832 2340561 www.sahakarifarms.com Sahyadri Spice Farm Pascoal Spice Village (Canara Food Processors Pvt. Ltd.) Mr. Milagris Fernandes Shri. S. V. Pikale, Khandepar, Ponda, Goa Pickalewadi, Mollem, Goa Phone : (0832) 2344268 Phone : (0832) 2612227 Mobile : 9422055455 / 9923749059 [email protected] www.pascoalfarm.com Raut Farms Dodamarg, Goa Mobile : 09423322981 Tanshikar Spice Farm Mr. Chinmay Tanshikar Netravali, Sanguem, Goa Godfrey’s Indian Retreat Phone : (0832) 2608358 Mr. Godfrey Lawrence Mobile : 09421184114 Sal Village, Assanora P.O, , GOA [email protected] Mobile : 09011653338 www.tanshikarspicefarm.com [email protected] www.goaecoretreat.com Tropical spice Plantation Mr. Rohidas alias Anna B Satarkar Saguna Baug H.No - A- 14 Arla bazaar, Mr. C.H. Bhadsavle Keri, Ponda, Goa Malegaon, Taluka - Karjat, District - Phone : (0832) 2340329 Raigad, Neral, Maharashtra 410101 Mobile : 8007382590 Phone : (02148) 238 438 [email protected] Mobile : 09370702932 / 09209313174 www.tropicalspiceplantation.com [email protected]

36 Agro-Eco-Tourism: A New Dimension to Agriculture Agricultural Technology and Agro-Eco Tourism Dissemination Centre, ICAR Research Complex for Goa

Heera Recreation and Entertainment Rustic Farm Vazri, Dhargal, Pernem, Goa. Dongruli Village, Phone : (0832) 2263229 Thane, Valpoi, , Goa Mobile : 9822102849 Phone : (0832) - 2379191/92 www.heerafarmgoa.com Mobile : 9405181123 http://www.rusticretreat.co.in

Atreya Vedic Farm Jungle Village Bondumol, Mollem, Goa. Collem Market, Collem, Goa. Phone : (0832) 2340272 Phone : (0832) 2600196 Mobile : 7350012000 [email protected]

Parvati Madhav Park Plantation Sai Organic Farm and Herbarium Keri Village, Savoi-Verem, Ponda, Goa. Ponda, Goa. Phone: (0832) 2340308 www. tropicalspiceplantation.com

Agro-Eco-Tourism: A New Dimension to Agriculture 37 Agricultural Technology and Agro-Eco Tourism Dissemination Centre, ICAR Research Complex for Goa

38 Agro-Eco-Tourism: A New Dimension to Agriculture