DOCSLIB.ORG

The NCMA Holds Representatives from 39 Classes of Algae (All the Major Photosynthetic Groups)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The NCMA Holds Representatives from 39 Classes of Algae (All the Major Photosynthetic Groups) Presentation to ABO 7th Annual Algae Biomass Summit, Orlando, October 2, 2013. Culturing Microalgae at the Small Scale Willie Wilson, Ph.D. Director The Provasoli-Guillard National Center for Marine Algae and Microbiota (NCMA) Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences Culturing Microalgae at the Small Scale A Case of Perpetual Care. Why cultivate (domesticate) algae? What are your objectives? Does the need justify the effort? Are there other means of doing what you need? What facilities are needed? A defined area of controlled temperature to grow cultures. Facilities for making up media. Means of sterilizing the media? What type of media do you need? Simplest to the most complex! Temperature/light regulated growth chamber Laboratory North Facing Window The major control is temparature. Light intensity and duration is next. Alarms or warning controls. Maintenance in tube culture – Small batch mode 30-40 mL of culture Maintained with frequent transfers – ideal is monthly intervals Needs: Sterile glass culture tubes Sterile medium Appropriate growing space Bacteriological sterile technique needed! Handling materials – glass pipettes heat or autoclaved. New curators if the collection becomes of any size. Laminar flow hood Media making do’s and dont’s Defined media - can be made in specified limits the same each time many species will not grow as well as in other media costly since base water is usually highly purified excellent for physiology or where conditions need to be defined within narrow limits Examples: Wilson’s NH15 and Aquil Enriched sea water media (ESW) requires good quality, off shore seawater. Great if you live near the Gulf of Mexico, Sargasso Sea or Eastern Mediterranean Besides having a mode of acquiring the sea water (ships, pumping systems, cold dark storage) you must be aware of seasonal variations. Example of successful sea water enriched media. Oldest and a stabile stand by – Erdschribers Media Problem – soil extract plus N and P Advantage – grows nearly everything (Ask Richard and Maria) The Provasoli variations – Sea water enrich with trace metals tailored to the species Precipitation often a problem The Guillard Series – beginning with f/2, K medium, L1 medium et al. With understanding the need for selenium, many of the problem species have been cultivated. Open ocean species are no longer a problem. Work stations. Think about your culture space, walk-in incubators are convenient, and flexible. Reach-in incubators work well. Note: light level variability. Different culture vessels. Ways to label growth medium. Accurate labeling is paramount. Seaweeds are algae too! ..and they are easy to culture. Cryopreservation save collection managers a small fortune….. A role for bioresource centers (BRCs) in the 21st century. • A Bioresource Center • Mission and Vision • Microbial (Algal) Commodities • An NCMA Snapshot • Leading an Algal Industry Cluster in Maine Practicing the ART OF POSSIBILITY Time to move??? NCMA’s status is a service center of Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, a non-profit 501(c)(3) organization. Income derived from federal grants, culture fees and services support the functions of our mission. NCMA’s mission is to serve as a central bioresource center whose core activity is to receive, maintain and distribute living cultures of marine and freshwater algae, bacteria and viruses; to provide technical expertise and services; and to provide educational resources for culture isolation and curation to scientists, educators, biomedical researchers, and businesses worldwide. NCMA’s vision is to become the global leader in the provision of algae, protozoa, bacteria and viruses, together with related products for academic research and commercial ventures. By 2020 the NCMA brand will be widely recognized for first class customer service and intellectual capability. Microbial ‘Commodities’ Oceanic microbiota (protists, algae,bacteria, archeae, viruses) are the largest untapped biotechnological resource on the planet. Glynn Gorick The NCMA holds representatives from 39 Classes of Algae (all the major photosynthetic groups) Apicomplexa Aurearenophyceae Ulvophyceae undetermined Bacillariophyceae Bicosoecophyceae Synurophyceae Apicomplexa Ciliatea Charophyceae Trebouxiophyceae Chlorarachniophyceae Aurearenophyceae Chlorophyceae Synchromophyceae Chromophyte Bacillariophyceae Chromerida Schizocladiophyceae Bicosoecophyceae Chrysomerophyceae Bolidophyceae Chrysophyceae Charophyceae Rhodophyceae Bolidophyceae Chlorarachniophyceae Raphidophyceae Chlorophyceae Chromerida Chromophyte Prymnesiophyceae Coscinodiscophyceae Chrysomerophyceae Chrysophyceae Ciliatea Prasinophyceae Coscinodiscophyceae Cryptophyceae Cyanophyceae Porphyridiophyceae Cryptophyceae Dictyochophyceae Pinguiophyceae Dinophyceae Phaeothamniophyceae Cyanophyceae Pelagophyceae Dinophyceae Euglenophyceae Glaucophyceae Eustigmatophyceae Phaeophyceae Euglenophyceae Dictyochophyceae Fragilariophyceae Eustigmatophyceae Geographical Location of Strains NCMA: A Snapshot • The world’s largest and most diverse living archive of marine microalgae. • 35 years in the algae business. • Started as a algal seed stock for the aquaculture industry. • A repository for public and private collections of algae. • 2,720 strains of marine, brackish, hypersaline and freshwater algae; including cyanobacteria and macroalgae. • 359 genera and 723 species. • 6 products available for every strain. • 5 growth temperatures (polar to tropical). • On-site & off-site back-up and cryopreservation. • Expansion to include new Bacteria and Virus collections. • New web site to enhance customer experience (Oct 2013). Products and Services • Starter cultures • Nucleic acids from algae • Culturing Techniques Courses • Private collections • International Depository Authority (patent depository) • got algae? T-shirts! • Research services • Isolations/clean up/taxonomic ID • Services through our partners (e.g. powdered algae) • Other service centers at Bigelow – Single Cell Genomics – Flow Cytometry – Analytical Services – Seawater Facility Proposal for an Algal Industry Cluster in Maine VISION To create a complete algal supply chain; from seed cultures to biomass infrastructure, processing, testing, and development of market opportunities; that will allow us to lay a foundation to stimulate algal economic development, and make Maine one of the top states in the U.S. to run an algal-based business. It will be a process driven by innovation, education, collaboration, and branding. NCMA Entrepreneurship The Future is Bright! Because the oceans of the world represent a vast frontier of undiscovered compounds and organisms, the prospect exists for the NCMA to work with numerous private industries to explore commercial opportunities for new products and technologies in a variety of commercial markets. Innovation Gets You Recognized The NCMA Team Questions Dr. Willie Wilson [email protected] https//ncma.bigelow.org 207-315-2567 (x310) .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • RED ALGAE · RHODOPHYTA Rhodophyta Are Cosmopolitan, Found from the Artic to the Tropics
    RED ALGAE · RHODOPHYTA Rhodophyta are cosmopolitan, found from the artic to the tropics. Although they grow in both marine and fresh water, 98% of the 6,500 species of red algae are marine. Most of these species occur in the tropics and sub-tropics, though the greatest number of species is temperate. Along the California coast, the species of red algae far outnumber the species of green and brown algae. In temperate regions such as California, red algae are common in the intertidal zone. In the tropics, however, they are mostly subtidal, growing as epiphytes on seagrasses, within the crevices of rock and coral reefs, or occasionally on dead coral or sand. In some tropical waters, red algae can be found as deep as 200 meters. Because of their unique accessory pigments (phycobiliproteins), the red algae are able to harvest the blue light that reaches deeper waters. Red algae are important economically in many parts of the world. For example, in Japan, the cultivation of Pyropia is a multibillion-dollar industry, used for nori and other algal products. Rhodophyta also provide valuable “gums” or colloidal agents for industrial and food applications. Two extremely important phycocolloids are agar (and the derivative agarose) and carrageenan. The Rhodophyta are the only algae which have “pit plugs” between cells in multicellular thalli. Though their true function is debated, pit plugs are thought to provide stability to the thallus. Also, the red algae are unique in that they have no flagellated stages, which enhance reproduction in other algae. Instead, red algae has a complex life cycle, with three distinct stages.
    [Show full text]
  • University of Oklahoma
    UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA GRADUATE COLLEGE MACRONUTRIENTS SHAPE MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES, GENE EXPRESSION AND PROTEIN EVOLUTION A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE FACULTY in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY By JOSHUA THOMAS COOPER Norman, Oklahoma 2017 MACRONUTRIENTS SHAPE MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES, GENE EXPRESSION AND PROTEIN EVOLUTION A DISSERTATION APPROVED FOR THE DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY AND PLANT BIOLOGY BY ______________________________ Dr. Boris Wawrik, Chair ______________________________ Dr. J. Phil Gibson ______________________________ Dr. Anne K. Dunn ______________________________ Dr. John Paul Masly ______________________________ Dr. K. David Hambright ii © Copyright by JOSHUA THOMAS COOPER 2017 All Rights Reserved. iii Acknowledgments I would like to thank my two advisors Dr. Boris Wawrik and Dr. J. Phil Gibson for helping me become a better scientist and better educator. I would also like to thank my committee members Dr. Anne K. Dunn, Dr. K. David Hambright, and Dr. J.P. Masly for providing valuable inputs that lead me to carefully consider my research questions. I would also like to thank Dr. J.P. Masly for the opportunity to coauthor a book chapter on the speciation of diatoms. It is still such a privilege that you believed in me and my crazy diatom ideas to form a concise chapter in addition to learn your style of writing has been a benefit to my professional development. I’m also thankful for my first undergraduate research mentor, Dr. Miriam Steinitz-Kannan, now retired from Northern Kentucky University, who was the first to show the amazing wonders of pond scum. Who knew that studying diatoms and algae as an undergraduate would lead me all the way to a Ph.D.
    [Show full text]
  • Number of Living Species in Australia and the World
    Numbers of Living Species in Australia and the World 2nd edition Arthur D. Chapman Australian Biodiversity Information Services australia’s nature Toowoomba, Australia there is more still to be discovered… Report for the Australian Biological Resources Study Canberra, Australia September 2009 CONTENTS Foreword 1 Insecta (insects) 23 Plants 43 Viruses 59 Arachnida Magnoliophyta (flowering plants) 43 Protoctista (mainly Introduction 2 (spiders, scorpions, etc) 26 Gymnosperms (Coniferophyta, Protozoa—others included Executive Summary 6 Pycnogonida (sea spiders) 28 Cycadophyta, Gnetophyta under fungi, algae, Myriapoda and Ginkgophyta) 45 Chromista, etc) 60 Detailed discussion by Group 12 (millipedes, centipedes) 29 Ferns and Allies 46 Chordates 13 Acknowledgements 63 Crustacea (crabs, lobsters, etc) 31 Bryophyta Mammalia (mammals) 13 Onychophora (velvet worms) 32 (mosses, liverworts, hornworts) 47 References 66 Aves (birds) 14 Hexapoda (proturans, springtails) 33 Plant Algae (including green Reptilia (reptiles) 15 Mollusca (molluscs, shellfish) 34 algae, red algae, glaucophytes) 49 Amphibia (frogs, etc) 16 Annelida (segmented worms) 35 Fungi 51 Pisces (fishes including Nematoda Fungi (excluding taxa Chondrichthyes and (nematodes, roundworms) 36 treated under Chromista Osteichthyes) 17 and Protoctista) 51 Acanthocephala Agnatha (hagfish, (thorny-headed worms) 37 Lichen-forming fungi 53 lampreys, slime eels) 18 Platyhelminthes (flat worms) 38 Others 54 Cephalochordata (lancelets) 19 Cnidaria (jellyfish, Prokaryota (Bacteria Tunicata or Urochordata sea anenomes, corals) 39 [Monera] of previous report) 54 (sea squirts, doliolids, salps) 20 Porifera (sponges) 40 Cyanophyta (Cyanobacteria) 55 Invertebrates 21 Other Invertebrates 41 Chromista (including some Hemichordata (hemichordates) 21 species previously included Echinodermata (starfish, under either algae or fungi) 56 sea cucumbers, etc) 22 FOREWORD In Australia and around the world, biodiversity is under huge Harnessing core science and knowledge bases, like and growing pressure.
    [Show full text]
  • Biology and Systematics of Heterokont and Haptophyte Algae1
    American Journal of Botany 91(10): 1508±1522. 2004. BIOLOGY AND SYSTEMATICS OF HETEROKONT AND HAPTOPHYTE ALGAE1 ROBERT A. ANDERSEN Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, P.O. Box 475, West Boothbay Harbor, Maine 04575 USA In this paper, I review what is currently known of phylogenetic relationships of heterokont and haptophyte algae. Heterokont algae are a monophyletic group that is classi®ed into 17 classes and represents a diverse group of marine, freshwater, and terrestrial algae. Classes are distinguished by morphology, chloroplast pigments, ultrastructural features, and gene sequence data. Electron microscopy and molecular biology have contributed signi®cantly to our understanding of their evolutionary relationships, but even today class relationships are poorly understood. Haptophyte algae are a second monophyletic group that consists of two classes of predominately marine phytoplankton. The closest relatives of the haptophytes are currently unknown, but recent evidence indicates they may be part of a large assemblage (chromalveolates) that includes heterokont algae and other stramenopiles, alveolates, and cryptophytes. Heter- okont and haptophyte algae are important primary producers in aquatic habitats, and they are probably the primary carbon source for petroleum products (crude oil, natural gas). Key words: chromalveolate; chromist; chromophyte; ¯agella; phylogeny; stramenopile; tree of life. Heterokont algae are a monophyletic group that includes all (Phaeophyceae) by Linnaeus (1753), and shortly thereafter, photosynthetic organisms with tripartite tubular hairs on the microscopic chrysophytes (currently 5 Oikomonas, Anthophy- mature ¯agellum (discussed later; also see Wetherbee et al., sa) were described by MuÈller (1773, 1786). The history of 1988, for de®nitions of mature and immature ¯agella), as well heterokont algae was recently discussed in detail (Andersen, as some nonphotosynthetic relatives and some that have sec- 2004), and four distinct periods were identi®ed.
    [Show full text]
  • Mannitol Biosynthesis in Algae : More Widespread and Diverse Than Previously Thought
    This is a repository copy of Mannitol biosynthesis in algae : more widespread and diverse than previously thought. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/113250/ Version: Accepted Version Article: Tonon, Thierry orcid.org/0000-0002-1454-6018, McQueen Mason, Simon John orcid.org/0000-0002-6781-4768 and Li, Yi (2017) Mannitol biosynthesis in algae : more widespread and diverse than previously thought. New Phytologist. pp. 1573-1579. ISSN 1469-8137 https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.14358 Reuse Items deposited in White Rose Research Online are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved unless indicated otherwise. They may be downloaded and/or printed for private study, or other acts as permitted by national copyright laws. The publisher or other rights holders may allow further reproduction and re-use of the full text version. This is indicated by the licence information on the White Rose Research Online record for the item. Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing [email protected] including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. [email protected] https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ 1 Mannitol biosynthesis in algae: more widespread and diverse than previously thought. Thierry Tonon1,*, Yi Li1 and Simon McQueen-Mason1 1 Department of Biology, Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK. * Author for correspondence: tel +44 1904328785; email [email protected] Key words: Algae, primary metabolism, mannitol biosynthesis, mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase, mannitol-1-phosphatase, haloacid dehalogenase, histidine phosphatase, evolution of metabolic pathways.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparative Genomic View of the Inositol-1, 4, 5-Trisphosphate
    Title Comparative Genomic View of The Inositol-1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptor in Plants Author(s) Mikami, Koji Citation Journal of Plant Biochemistry & Physiology, 02(02) Issue Date 2014-9-15 Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/57862 Type article File Information comparative-genomic-view-of-the-inositoltrisphosphate-receptor.pdf Instructions for use Hokkaido University Collection of Scholarly and Academic Papers : HUSCAP Mikami, J Plant Biochem Physiol 2014, 2:3 Plant Biochemistry & Physiology http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2329-9029.1000132 HypothesisResearch Article OpenOpen Access Access Comparative Genomic View of The Inositol-1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptor in Plants Koji Mikami* Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato-cho, Hakodate 041 - 8611, Japan Abstract 2+ Terrestrial plants lack inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptor regulating transient Ca increase to activate 2+- cellular Ca dependent physiological events. To understand an evolutional route of the loss of the IP3 receptor gene, conservation of the IP3 receptor gene in algae was examined in silico based on the accumulating information of genomes and expression sequence tags. Results clearly demonstrated that the lack of the gene was observed in Rhodophyta, Chlorophyta except for Volvocales and Streptophyta. It was therefore hypothesized that the plant IP3 receptor gene was eliminated from the genome at multiple occasions; after divergence of Chlorophyta and Rhodophyta and of Chlorophyta and Charophyta. Keywords: Alga; Ca2+; Comparative genomics; Gene; Inositol-1,4,5- was probably lost from lineages of red algae and green algae except for trisphosphate receptor Volvocales (Figure 1). In fact, the genomes of unicellular Aureococcus anophagefferrens and multicellular Ectocarpus siliculosus carry an IP3 Abbreviations: DAG: Diacylglycerol; IP3: Inositol-1,4,5- receptor gene homologue (Figure 1).
    [Show full text]
  • The Genome of Prasinoderma Coloniale Unveils the Existence of a Third Phylum Within Green Plants
    Downloaded from orbit.dtu.dk on: Oct 10, 2021 The genome of Prasinoderma coloniale unveils the existence of a third phylum within green plants Li, Linzhou; Wang, Sibo; Wang, Hongli; Sahu, Sunil Kumar; Marin, Birger; Li, Haoyuan; Xu, Yan; Liang, Hongping; Li, Zhen; Cheng, Shifeng Total number of authors: 24 Published in: Nature Ecology & Evolution Link to article, DOI: 10.1038/s41559-020-1221-7 Publication date: 2020 Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link back to DTU Orbit Citation (APA): Li, L., Wang, S., Wang, H., Sahu, S. K., Marin, B., Li, H., Xu, Y., Liang, H., Li, Z., Cheng, S., Reder, T., Çebi, Z., Wittek, S., Petersen, M., Melkonian, B., Du, H., Yang, H., Wang, J., Wong, G. K. S., ... Liu, H. (2020). The genome of Prasinoderma coloniale unveils the existence of a third phylum within green plants. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 4, 1220-1231. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-020-1221-7 General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparative Genomic View of the Inositol-1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptor in Plants
    Title Comparative Genomic View of The Inositol-1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptor in Plants Author(s) Mikami, Koji Journal of Plant Biochemistry & Physiology, 02(02) Citation https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-9029.1000132 Issue Date 2014-9-15 Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/57862 Type article File Information comparative-genomic-view-of-the-inositoltrisphosphate-receptor.pdf Instructions for use Hokkaido University Collection of Scholarly and Academic Papers : HUSCAP Mikami, J Plant Biochem Physiol 2014, 2:3 Plant Biochemistry & Physiology http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2329-9029.1000132 HypothesisResearch Article OpenOpen Access Access Comparative Genomic View of The Inositol-1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptor in Plants Koji Mikami* Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato-cho, Hakodate 041 - 8611, Japan Abstract 2+ Terrestrial plants lack inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptor regulating transient Ca increase to activate 2+- cellular Ca dependent physiological events. To understand an evolutional route of the loss of the IP3 receptor gene, conservation of the IP3 receptor gene in algae was examined in silico based on the accumulating information of genomes and expression sequence tags. Results clearly demonstrated that the lack of the gene was observed in Rhodophyta, Chlorophyta except for Volvocales and Streptophyta. It was therefore hypothesized that the plant IP3 receptor gene was eliminated from the genome at multiple occasions; after divergence of Chlorophyta and Rhodophyta and of Chlorophyta and Charophyta. Keywords: Alga; Ca2+; Comparative genomics; Gene; Inositol-1,4,5- was probably lost from lineages of red algae and green algae except for trisphosphate receptor Volvocales (Figure 1).
    [Show full text]
  • Proposal for Practical Multi-Kingdom Classification of Eukaryotes Based on Monophyly 2 and Comparable Divergence Time Criteria
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/240929; this version posted December 29, 2017. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. 1 Proposal for practical multi-kingdom classification of eukaryotes based on monophyly 2 and comparable divergence time criteria 3 Leho Tedersoo 4 Natural History Museum, University of Tartu, 14a Ravila, 50411 Tartu, Estonia 5 Contact: email: [email protected], tel: +372 56654986, twitter: @tedersoo 6 7 Key words: Taxonomy, Eukaryotes, subdomain, phylum, phylogenetic classification, 8 monophyletic groups, divergence time 9 Summary 10 Much of the ecological, taxonomic and biodiversity research relies on understanding of 11 phylogenetic relationships among organisms. There are multiple available classification 12 systems that all suffer from differences in naming, incompleteness, presence of multiple non- 13 monophyletic entities and poor correspondence of divergence times. These issues render 14 taxonomic comparisons across the main groups of eukaryotes and all life in general difficult 15 at best. By using the monophyly criterion, roughly comparable time of divergence and 16 information from multiple phylogenetic reconstructions, I propose an alternative 17 classification system for the domain Eukarya to improve hierarchical taxonomical 18 comparability for animals, plants, fungi and multiple protist groups. Following this rationale, 19 I propose 32 kingdoms of eukaryotes that are treated in 10 subdomains. These kingdoms are 20 further separated into 43, 115, 140 and 353 taxa at the level of subkingdom, phylum, 21 subphylum and class, respectively (http://dx.doi.org/10.15156/BIO/587483).
    [Show full text]
  • This Thesis Has Been Submitted in Fulfilment of the Requirements for a Postgraduate Degree (E.G
    This thesis has been submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for a postgraduate degree (e.g. PhD, MPhil, DClinPsychol) at the University of Edinburgh. Please note the following terms and conditions of use: This work is protected by copyright and other intellectual property rights, which are retained by the thesis author, unless otherwise stated. A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the author. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the author. When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given. Protein secretion and encystation in Acanthamoeba Alvaro de Obeso Fernández del Valle Doctor of Philosophy The University of Edinburgh 2018 Abstract Free-living amoebae (FLA) are protists of ubiquitous distribution characterised by their changing morphology and their crawling movements. They have no common phylogenetic origin but can be found in most protist evolutionary branches. Acanthamoeba is a common FLA that can be found worldwide and is capable of infecting humans. The main disease is a life altering infection of the cornea named Acanthamoeba keratitis. Additionally, Acanthamoeba has a close relationship to bacteria. Acanthamoeba feeds on bacteria. At the same time, some bacteria have adapted to survive inside Acanthamoeba and use it as transport or protection to increase survival. When conditions are adverse, Acanthamoeba is capable of differentiating into a protective cyst.
    [Show full text]
  • Revisions to the Classification, Nomenclature, and Diversity of Eukaryotes
    University of Rhode Island DigitalCommons@URI Biological Sciences Faculty Publications Biological Sciences 9-26-2018 Revisions to the Classification, Nomenclature, and Diversity of Eukaryotes Christopher E. Lane Et Al Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/bio_facpubs Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology ISSN 1066-5234 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Revisions to the Classification, Nomenclature, and Diversity of Eukaryotes Sina M. Adla,* , David Bassb,c , Christopher E. Laned, Julius Lukese,f , Conrad L. Schochg, Alexey Smirnovh, Sabine Agathai, Cedric Berneyj , Matthew W. Brownk,l, Fabien Burkim,PacoCardenas n , Ivan Cepi cka o, Lyudmila Chistyakovap, Javier del Campoq, Micah Dunthornr,s , Bente Edvardsent , Yana Eglitu, Laure Guillouv, Vladimır Hamplw, Aaron A. Heissx, Mona Hoppenrathy, Timothy Y. Jamesz, Anna Karn- kowskaaa, Sergey Karpovh,ab, Eunsoo Kimx, Martin Koliskoe, Alexander Kudryavtsevh,ab, Daniel J.G. Lahrac, Enrique Laraad,ae , Line Le Gallaf , Denis H. Lynnag,ah , David G. Mannai,aj, Ramon Massanaq, Edward A.D. Mitchellad,ak , Christine Morrowal, Jong Soo Parkam , Jan W. Pawlowskian, Martha J. Powellao, Daniel J. Richterap, Sonja Rueckertaq, Lora Shadwickar, Satoshi Shimanoas, Frederick W. Spiegelar, Guifre Torruellaat , Noha Youssefau, Vasily Zlatogurskyh,av & Qianqian Zhangaw a Department of Soil Sciences, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, S7N 5A8, SK, Canada b Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, United Kingdom
    [Show full text]
  • Read Book Plant Ebook
    PLANT PDF, EPUB, EBOOK David Burnie | 72 pages | 17 Jan 2011 | DK Publishing (Dorling Kindersley) | 9780756660352 | English | New York, NY, United States Plant PDF Book Plant physiology Materials. The integument becomes a seed coat, and the ovule develops into a seed. Hyacinth bulbs planted in pots now will flower early in the spring. Biotic factors also affect plant growth. See also assembly plant. Approximately plants are carnivorous , such as the Venus Flytrap Dionaea muscipula and sundew Drosera species. Retrieved 25 March Categories : Plants Kingdoms biology. Entry 1 of 2 : to put a seed, flower, or plant in the ground to grow : to fill an area with seeds, flowers, or plants : to put or place something in the ground plant. Plant Sale. Candytuft Read More Next. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. The Chinese government banned qat earlier this year, and classified the plant as a dangerous narcotic. Terrorists planted a bomb in the bus station. Monographs in Systematic Botany. Browse planning application. They undergo closed mitosis without centrioles , and typically have mitochondria with flat cristae. The study of plant uses by people is called economic botany or ethnobotany. Mesostigmatophyceae Chlorokybophyceae Spirotaenia. From the Cambridge English Corpus. Translations of plant in Chinese Traditional. Synonyms for plant Synonyms: Verb drill , put in , seed , sow Synonyms: Noun factory , manufactory , mill , shop , works , workshop Visit the Thesaurus for More. Archived from the original on 14 April Historically, plants were treated as one of two kingdoms including all living things that were not animals , and all algae and fungi were treated as plants. Through the process of photosynthesis , most plants use the energy in sunlight to convert carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, plus water , into simple sugars.
    [Show full text]