DOCSLIB.ORG

The Library's 50Th Year

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Library's 50Th Year Th e Library's 50th Year The uarto -SI; ED Q UA RTERLY F OR T HE CLEMENTS LIB R AR Y ASSO CIATES "UMBER '<>2. SEPTDIRER. 1973 Th e Commodore R eappears suffi cien tly mod est to be purchased from our general fundsl The latest accession includes 67 l·~l I L SE VEN YEARS ago, American scho lars con­ loose letters and document, an order book and cluded that the papers of Oli ver H azard Perry a letter book covering the crucial summer and had been lost or destroyed in the century and a fall campaign on Lake Erie in 1813. and a per­ lulf since the naval hero's dea th in 1819. One of sonal account book exhibiting Pen~ ' s finances th e ma jor contributions of the Clements Library from July, 1815 to November. 1818. The pur­ o historical scholarship in the past decade has chases add imm easurably to the collection 's value been the fillin\'; of this a??arent void with the. as a source for historical research. >.<qui. ition 01 the \' en~ \'apers. Our collecti on . the only Oliver Hazard Perry letters to be found It is probably safe to say that the Perry collec­ in a un ified body in any institution, now n um­ tion is now complete. It is exac tly this sort of bel' 9 12 letters and documents as well as four purchase which so fully justifies the existence of manuscript diaries. a letter book containing 78 our institu tion. Through a combination of de­ letters, an order book, and account books. tective work, loyal financial support, close dealer It was an exciting fall in 1966 when several contacts and patience, we were able to reassemble months of negotiation brough t us the first known an historically vital body of manuscripts that was collection of manu scripts. Perry's career spanned unknown and divided among heir s. T he Oliver me turbulen t era of undeclared naval warfare Hazard Perry papers, in quant ity much as Perry with France in th e Caribbean. \797-98, Tripol i must have lell them at his death . protected, in 1804- 05. the War of 1812. the Med iterranean shelved, and catalogued in accord with the high. after the W ar, and a diplomatic mission to Vene­ est archival sta ndards, are available for future zuela in 1819. Because the en tire Perry famil y generations of historical scholars. figures so prominently in early Ameri can naval h istory, thi s coll ection of 482 letters proved to be a research gold mine. Later, the same owner sent the diary of Perry's last cruise. ' Botany in A merica T o our considerable surprise but unbounded ONE OF THE P RI M E items in the summer's exhibi­ elation, we learned in June of this year that tion, "Botany in America," was the newly ac­ another descenda nt, possessor of 430 additional quired set of A merican M edical Botany by J acob letters dat ed between 1812 and 1819. was willing Bigelow. botanist and professor of materia med­ to part with his collection through a dealer. ica at H arvard. Lavishly illustrated with full \ Vith the simultaneous successful conclusion of page drawings, it was issued in Boston in three the 50th anniversary fund raising campaign, the volu mes, 1817-1 821 under the author's super­ timing of this inte lligen ce could not have been vision. It is genera lly considered to be the earliest better. Exhibiting their characteristic enth usi­ example in th e Uni ted Sta tes of a book with asm, the Board of Governors unhesitatingly made plates prin ted in color. In the first part. the en­ the purchase with funds of th e Clements Library gravings were colored in the usual fashion by Associates. hand, bu t continuation of that slow method Our excitemen t was therefore predictable when seemed impossible to Bigelow. Therefore, in the one more small lot of Perry papers, rich in 'Var remai ning parts, he successfully experimented of 1812 material, surfaced in J ul y at a price wit h adding the colors d irectly to the copper- easte rn Un ited States, and the first Am textbook in botany by Banjamin Smith ""'....L 1803. The exhibi tion was in troduced by the piction of an Indian garden in Carol ina De Bry's 1590 ed ition of Thomas H ariot's R e Organic Farming J o"" T AYLOR (1753--1824) known as "T ayler THE CLEMENTS LIBRARY ASSOCIATES Caroline Couutry" would al so he called a J of The University of Mi chigan sonian Democrat today. Consistently, he es states' rights and agrariani sm whil e in the B OARD OF G OVERNORS gin ia House of Delegates and in the U.S. (Ap pointed b y the Regents of the University) His writings also champion ed these causes a the enlargement of the national government, Ca rl W . Bonbright, Flint Like Thomas Jefferson, he too was deeply Edward W. Bowen , Ba)' City __________ grossed in the managemen t of a country es R ob ert P. Briggs, Elk Rap ids,cHAIRMAN In particular , T aylor was alarmed by the Tale C. E.Frazer Clark, Jr.j ilo01{;/ield Hills wh ich the fertility of th e land was being El y Corning, Flint----' hausted, a condition which necessitated Thom as--N:,6oss, Ann Arbor spread of large plantation s to ever fresher ( ......----J oli'il"R . Dykema, Detroit tory. On his own land he experimented \IIi ­ ----- \Villiam C. Finkenstaedt, Detroit principles of scien tific management which he H arlan H. Hatcher, A rm ArboT would be helpful to others, particularly s David W . Kendall, Detroit landholders. As early as 1803 h e wrote a J ames 1\1 . Klan cnik, Chicago of agricultural essays published in a Georget J am es S. Schoff, N ew York newspaper. T en years later these 6 1 essays w _ J am es Shearer II, Chicago collected and published under th e title of A m t M rs. David F. Up ton, St. Joseph by a "Citizen of Virginia." It is this first editi Lee D. van Antwerp, Northbrook, Ill . published in Georgetown, D.C., which the Howard H . Peckham, Director of th e brary has now acquired. Library. SECRETARY In th e preface the publishers pred ict th is boai of American practices will supplan t Eurc peaa texts which are totall y unsuitable for the Ames-­ plates before printing. never before done on so jean situation. The essays by T aylor which (oJ.. large a scale here. low ed the glowing optimism deal with the spe­ This treatise also signified the wid espread int er­ cifics of crop rotation, fallow land, manurinz est in medical uses of plants. An earlier example plowing under of crops, orchards and livestock, in th e exh ibition arranged by M rs. Haugh was Not th at he neglects the underlyin g philosophies. the first book on plants published in the New There are chapters on the economy of agricul­ W orld , in Mexi co Ci ty in 1615. T he au thor, Dr. ture, the pleasures of agriculture, and the right! Francisco Hernandez, had been sent over from of agric ulture. Two are on the ever present ques.­ Spain in 1570 to investiga te curative plants. A tion of slav er y. Though deploring it, he express<:> more recent example, remarkable for its appear­ more concern at this point about the probl em of ance during the time of early settlemen ts in idle groups of freed slaves for whi ch there is no Michigan , was the Botanic Lum inary, a peri odi­ provision , and recommends their placement in cal p ublished in Saline in 1835-36. the North or in Africa. He devotes several pages Other prize books sho wn from our collections to refu ting views on emancipation in Jefferson's included the first Canadian flora, Jacques Cor­ Noles on the State of Virgi nia . Hut above all nut' s Canadensium Plantarum, 1635; the grea t he a bhors the overseer left in cha rge by an ab­ English Herball by John Gerard, 1597; the mon­ sen tee landlord. Such a manager has little inter­ umental Natural History by Mark Catesby, est in good agricultural practices and leaves after 1731-43, with its vivid examp les from south- impoverishing the land. ) Iovers and Shakers ary rem ains to th e comp u tor. In th e near future the final results of thi s summer's samp ling project E OF THE coun try's leading rar e book for a comp lete ro ster of th e soldiers and sailors ians met at th e Clements Library on May of th e Revolutionary War will be tabulated a t - The group is not organized formally, but has th e Universit y's computing center. (T h is is one meeting annually for severa l years to di s­ of th ree investi gations bein g pursued a t the Li­ common problem s. T h is time th e all-da y brary.) m concerned what appeals, if any. rare libraries can make to foundations. Since Finding out the number of m en who served during the war mi ght seem a simple question, latt er do not want to promote competition but th e more work we do, the more com plicated gran ting funds for acquisitions, what types it becomes. l\fan y m en , of course, served several programs would they support? The wh ole ic was exp lored with several foundation exec- en listments in a number of different re giments.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Seven External Factors That Adversely Influenced Benedict Arnold’S 1775 Expedition to Quebec
    SEVEN EXTERNAL FACTORS THAT ADVERSELY INFLUENCED BENEDICT ARNOLD’S 1775 EXPEDITION TO QUEBEC Stephen Darley Introduction Sometime in August of 1775, less than two months after taking command of the Continental Army, Commander-in-Chief George Washington made the decision to send two distinct detachments to invade Canada with the objective of making it the fourteenth colony and depriving the British of their existing North American base of operations. The first expedition, to be commanded by Major General Philip Schuyler of Albany, New York, was to start in Albany and take the Lake Champlain-Richelieu River route to Montreal and then on to Quebec. The second expedition, which was assigned to go through the unknown Maine wilderness, was to be commanded by Colonel Benedict Arnold of New Haven, Connecticut.1 What is not well understood is just how much the outcome of Arnold’s expedition was affected by seven specific factors each of which will be examined in this article. Sickness, weather and topography were three external factors that adversely affected the detachment despite the exemplary leadership of Arnold. As if the external factors were not enough, the expedition’s food supply became badly depleted as the march went on. The food shortage was directly related to the adverse weather conditions. However, there were two other factors that affected the food supply and the ability of the men to complete the march. These factors were the green wood used to manufacture the boats and the return of the Lieutenant Colonel Roger Enos Division while the expedition was still in the wilderness.
    [Show full text]
  • David Library of the American Revolution Guide to Microform Holdings
    DAVID LIBRARY OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION GUIDE TO MICROFORM HOLDINGS Adams, Samuel (1722-1803). Papers, 1635-1826. 5 reels. Includes papers and correspondence of the Massachusetts patriot, organizer of resistance to British rule, signer of the Declaration of Independence, and Revolutionary statesman. Includes calendar on final reel. Originals are in the New York Public Library. [FILM 674] Adams, Dr. Samuel. Diaries, 1758-1819. 2 reels. Diaries, letters, and anatomy commonplace book of the Massachusetts physician who served in the Continental Artillery during the Revolution. Originals are in the New York Public Library. [FILM 380] Alexander, William (1726-1783). Selected papers, 1767-1782. 1 reel. William Alexander, also known as “Lord Sterling,” first served as colonel of the 1st NJ Regiment. In 1776 he was appointed brigadier general and took command of the defense of New York City as well as serving as an advisor to General Washington. He was promoted to major- general in 1777. Papers consist of correspondence, military orders and reports, and bulletins to the Continental Congress. Originals are in the New York Historical Society. [FILM 404] American Army (Continental, militia, volunteer). See: United States. National Archives. Compiled Service Records of Soldiers Who Served in the American Army During the Revolutionary War. United States. National Archives. General Index to the Compiled Military Service Records of Revolutionary War Soldiers. United States. National Archives. Records of the Adjutant General’s Office. United States. National Archives. Revolutionary War Pension and Bounty and Warrant Application Files. United States. National Archives. Revolutionary War Rolls. 1775-1783. American Periodicals Series I. 33 reels. Accompanied by a guide.
    [Show full text]
  • The 1812 Streets of Cambridgeport
    The 1812 Streets of Cambridgeport The Last Battle of the Revolution Less than a quarter of a century after the close of the American Revolution, Great Britain and the United States were again in conflict. Britain and her allies were engaged in a long war with Napoleonic France. The shipping-related industries of the neutral United States benefited hugely, conducting trade with both sides. Hundreds of ships, built in yards on America’s Atlantic coast and manned by American sailors, carried goods, including foodstuffs and raw materials, to Europe and the West Indies. Merchants and farmers alike reaped the profits. In Cambridge, men made plans to profit from this brisk trade. “[T]he soaring hopes of expansionist-minded promoters and speculators in Cambridge were based solidly on the assumption that the economic future of Cambridge rested on its potential as a shipping center.” The very name, Cambridgeport, reflected “the expectation that several miles of waterfront could be developed into a port with an intricate system of canals.” In January 1805, Congress designated Cambridge as a “port of delivery” and “canal dredging began [and] prices of dock lots soared." [1] Judge Francis Dana, a lawyer, diplomat, and Chief Justice of the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court, was one of the primary investors in the development of Cambridgeport. He and his large family lived in a handsome mansion on what is now Dana Hill. Dana lost heavily when Jefferson declared an embargo in 1807. Britain and France objected to America’s commercial relationship with their respective enemies and took steps to curtail trade with the United States.
    [Show full text]
  • Commodore Perry Farm
    Th r.r, I C. *. 1 4 7. tj,vi:S t,’J !.&:-r;JO v . I / jL. Lii . ; United States Department of the Interior National Park Service For NPS use only National Register of Historic PAaces ...received lnventory-Nomnation Form date entered See instructions in How to Complete National Register Forms Type all entries-complete applicable sections 1. Name historic Commodore Perry Farm and/orcommon Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry Birthplace, "The Commodore" 2. Location street & number 184 Post Road - not for publication #2 - Hon. Claudine Schneider city, town South Kings town N ..A vicinity of Cunt.cnoionnl dist4ot state Rhode Island code 44 county Washington code 009 3. Classification Category Ownership Status Present Use district public i occupied agriculture museum -.JL. buildings .L.. private unoccupied commercial - park structure both work in progress - educational ..._L private residence site Public Acquisition Accessible entertainment religious object ?LAJn process ......X yes: restricted government scientific being considered -- yes: unrestricted industrial transportation no military other: 4. Owner of Property name Mrs. Wisner Townsend street&number 184 Post Road city, town Wake field PLA.vicinity of state Rhode Island 02880 5. Location of Legal Description courthouse, registry of deeds, etc. Town Clerk, South Kingstown Town i-Jail - street & number 111gb Street city, town Wakefield state Rhode is land 02880 6. Representation in Existing Surveys title See Continuation Sheet #1. has this property been determined eligible? yes ç4ç_ no date - federal .... state county - local depository for survey records city, town state NP Form I0.900.h OMEI No.1074-0018 .‘‘‘‘‘.t3.82 Eq, 1031-84 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service For Nt’S use on’y t’lationa! Register of Historic Places received’ lnventory-Nominatñon Form dateentéred Continuation sheet 1 *, item number , Page 2 Historic American Bui ] clings Survey 1956, 1959 Library of Congress Washington, D.C.
    [Show full text]
  • The Impact of Weather on Armies During the American War of Independence, 1775-1781 Jonathan T
    Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2011 The Force of Nature: The Impact of Weather on Armies during the American War of Independence, 1775-1781 Jonathan T. Engel Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES THE FORCE OF NATURE: THE IMPACT OF WEATHER ON ARMIES DURING THE AMERICAN WAR OF INDEPENDENCE, 1775-1781 By JONATHAN T. ENGEL A Thesis submitted to the Department of History in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Degree Awarded: Spring Semester, 2011 The members of the committee approve the thesis of Jonathan T. Engel defended on March 18, 2011. __________________________________ Sally Hadden Professor Directing Thesis __________________________________ Kristine Harper Committee Member __________________________________ James Jones Committee Member The Graduate School has verified and approved the above-named committee members. ii This thesis is dedicated to the glory of God, who made the world and all things in it, and whose word calms storms. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Colonies may fight for political independence, but no human being can be truly independent, and I have benefitted tremendously from the support and aid of many people. My advisor, Professor Sally Hadden, has helped me understand the mysteries of graduate school, guided me through the process of earning an M.A., and offered valuable feedback as I worked on this project. I likewise thank Professors Kristine Harper and James Jones for serving on my committee and sharing their comments and insights.
    [Show full text]
  • Environment and Culture in the Northeastern Americas During the American Revolution Daniel S
    The University of Maine DigitalCommons@UMaine Electronic Theses and Dissertations Fogler Library Spring 5-11-2019 Navigating Wilderness and Borderland: Environment and Culture in the Northeastern Americas during the American Revolution Daniel S. Soucier University of Maine, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/etd Part of the Canadian History Commons, Environmental Studies Commons, Military History Commons, Nature and Society Relations Commons, Other History Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Soucier, Daniel S., "Navigating Wilderness and Borderland: Environment and Culture in the Northeastern Americas during the American Revolution" (2019). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 2992. https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/etd/2992 This Open-Access Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UMaine. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UMaine. For more information, please contact [email protected]. NAVIGATING WILDERNESS AND BORDERLAND: ENVIRONMENT AND CULTURE IN THE NORTHEASTERN AMERICAS DURING THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION By Daniel S. Soucier B.A. University of Maine, 2011 M.A. University of Maine, 2013 C.A.S. University of Maine, 2016 A THESIS Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (in History) The Graduate School University of Maine May, 2019 Advisory Committee: Richard Judd, Professor Emeritus of History, Co-Adviser Liam Riordan, Professor of History, Co-Adviser Stephen Miller, Professor of History Jacques Ferland, Associate Professor of History Stephen Hornsby, Professor of Anthropology and Canadian Studies DISSERTATION ACCEPTANCE STATEMENT On behalf of the Graduate Committee for Daniel S.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix a Detailed Historical Research in Support of the Battle of the Clouds Project
    Appendix A Detailed Historical Research in Support of the Battle of the Clouds Project Detailed Historical Research in Support of the Battle of the Clouds Project Robert Selig, Thomas J. McGuire, and Wade Catts, 2013 American Battlefield Protection Program Grant GA-2255-12-005 Prepared for Chester County Planning. John Milner Associates, Inc., West Chester, PA Compiled August 17, 2013 This document contains a compilation of technical questions posed by the County of Chester as part of a project funded by the American Battlefield Protection Program in 2013 to research and document the Battle of the Clouds which took place September 16, 1777. Nineteen questions were developed in order to produce a technical report containing details of the battle such as order of battle, areas of engagement, avenues of approach and retreat, and encampment areas. Research was conducted by John Milner Associates of West Chester under the guidance of Wade Catts and his research team consisting of Dr. Robert Selig and Thomas J. McGuire. Due to the obscurity of the battle and the lack of detailed first-hand accounts, some of the questions could not be answered conclusively and are so noted. Following is a summary of the questions: Intro Q1 - Were the troop strengths in this battle the same as Brandywine? After Brandywine Q2 - Did George Washington make his headquarters at the Stenton House in Germantown during the Continental encampment on September 13? Q3 - Were any troops left to cover Levering’s Ford or Matson’s Ford after Washington crossed back to the west
    [Show full text]
  • BUSINESS in PHILADELPHIA DURING the BRITISH OCCUPATION, I777~I778
    BUSINESS IN PHILADELPHIA DURING THE BRITISH OCCUPATION, I777~i778 HE USUAL historical narrative passes over the British occupa- tion of Philadelphia, during the winter season of 1777-78, Twith a brief statement of advent and departure, and the occa- sional observation that the royal forces lived comfortably, if not some- what extravagantly, in gross contrast with the sufferings of the con- tinentals nearby at Valley Forge. A pageant and festival, honoring Sir William Howe upon his departure in May, receive frequent men- tion, as do the military exploits of the rebel forces in the vicinity. Actually, the stay of the British troops in the Quaker city revealed the apathy of many inhabitants toward the revolution and pampered the cupidity of those who catered to the military. The presence of a large body of foreign troops profoundly affected the economic life of the community. Shortly after eight o'clock on the morning of September 26, 1777, Lord Cornwallis, commanding a British and Hessian force of grena- diers, dragoons, and artillery, approached the city of Philadelphia,1 and by ten o'clock his staff took formal possession of the rebel capital, as Captain John Montresor, chief engineer, observed, "amidst the acclamation of some thousands of the inhabitants mostly women and children."2 While to many Philadelphians the coming of the British army meant a separation from family, friends, and business, to others it promised relief from irksome exactions and arbitrary restrictions imposed by a Continental Congress whose authority was by no means generally accepted. As the summer of 1777 approached, this body or- dered all private stores of goods, especially flour and iron, to be re- moved beyond the city limits.
    [Show full text]
  • Perry's Victory and International Peace Memorial Jr Ranger Booklet for Ages 10-12
    Perry’s Victory and International Peace Memorial National Park Service Put-in-Bay, Ohio U.S. Department of the Interior Ages 10-12 Name:__________________________ Who Was Oliver Hazard Perry? Commodore Perry was born in Rhode Island in 1785. At the age of thirteen he followed in his father’s footsteps by joining the U.S. Navy. Through hard work and strength of Anchors Aweigh! character Perry was able to gain a position in the navy as the leader of a fleet of American ships. In 1812 war broke out across America between the U.S. and Great Britain. Welcome to Perry’s Victory and International Peace Memorial. Our park has been Perry helped America end the War of 1812 by conquering British naval forces in the Battle of Lake Erie. a part of the National Park Service since 1936. The National Park Service cares for During this battle, Perry’s quick-thinking helped him to lead the United States to one of its first and and protects America’s special places. By becoming a Junior Ranger, you are greatest naval victories. This park memorializes his leadership and bravery under pressure. helping to care for and protect these special places too! To learn more about Perry watch the movie “The Battle of Lake Erie” in the Visitor Center. Listen closely and see if you can answer the questions below. If you need help finding an answer ask a Park Ranger. How To Use This Book 1. Who was the commander of the American fleet? At the top of each page you will find a short overview of the page’s topic.
    [Show full text]
  • THE RATZER MAP in USE: Lord Percy's Map, 1776 the RATZER
    Unlocking Two Revolutionary War Era Maps THE RATZER MAP: New York on the Eve of Revolution THE RATZER MAP IN USE: Lord Percy’s Map, 1776 The RaTzeR Maps aT In the late 1760s, Lieutenant Bernard Ratzer, dangerous conditions, had left out. The Ratzer map BRooklyn hisToRical socieTy Ratzer’s map was put to use during the Battle of On the night of August an engineer and surveyor in the British Army, displayed here was first published in 1770. It depicts The rare first edition of the Ratzer map shown above Brooklyn in August 1776. The portion of the Ratzer 26, 1776, a large British completed a detailed military map of New York Manhattan up to what is today 50th Street, as well was given to the Long Island Historical Society map to the left was marked by Hugh Earl Percy, a column marched eastward (today Brooklyn Historical Society) by Henry Evelyn City and its environs. Ratzer’s Plan of the City as parts of Brooklyn, Queens, and New Jersey. Pierrepont in the late 19th century. Pierrepont, a 34-year old British general who had distinguished across southern Brooklyn of New York, seen above, captures the bustling Across the bottom of the map, Ratzer presents a successful merchant and real estate developer, was a himself during the fighting around Boston the to sweep around the left commercial city and the rural farmland of perspective view of founding member of the Long Island Historical Society previous year. flank of the American Brooklyn on the eve of the American Revolution. New York City as seen and of Green-Wood Cemetery, where he is buried.
    [Show full text]
  • •A Maritime History of the United States
    The Eagle’s Webbed Feet The Eagle’s Webbed Feet •A Maritime History ofA theMaritime United History ofStates the United States A To Defend a New Country (& Creating a “New” Navy) “Don’t give up the ship” “We have met the enemy and they are ours” Barbary Pirates • State sponsored piracy of long standing • Active piracy • Tribute • After 1783, American vessels were subject to capture • However, Portuguese blockade kept them out of the Atlantic • By 1785, US is routinely paying ransom and tribute to the Barbary States • Treaty with Morocco (1783) • Treaty with Algiers (1785) • 15 years of tribute would follow (up to $1M / year) Resurgence • 1789 – New constitution authorizes a Navy (over significant protests) • No action, no money • In 1793, Portugal ends Gibraltar blockade • Algiers then captures 11 American merchant ships in the Atlantic • Demands ever increasing tribute • Causes Congress to finally act in two ways (Diplomacy & a Navy) • Naval Act of 1794 (Passed by 2 votes) • The “Six Frigates” • Manning (incl. marines) • Strong opposition led to cancellation clause • 1796 – Peace accord with Algiers • President Washington forces the issue on three frigates The Six Frigates • Three 44’s, Two 38’s, and one 36 • Arguably the best frigates in the world at the time • Royal Navy report • Achieved that elusive balance that warships strive for: “To outfight anything it USS Constitution couldn’t outrun” Quasi-War with France • 1789- French Revolution • By 1796 several issues erupt between France and the U.S. • Trade deal with England • Stopped paying our debt owed to the crown (not the republic) • French deployed privateers which seized 316 ships in 1796 alone • 1798 – The X,Y,Z affair • Congress authorizes completion of the other three frigates and the procurement of a small fleet • July 7 1798 – Congress authorized the Navy to attack French warships • Big American advantage – British blockade of French warships.
    [Show full text]
  • Guide to the Jewish History of Newport's Historic Washington
    Guide to the Jewish history of Newport’s Historic Washington Square Park at the Gateway Center garage, 23 America’s Cup Avenue, then cross America’s Cup at the stop light by Panera Bread (past the Marriott Hotel). Enjoy these sights on your way to Touro Synagogue. 1. Long Wharf Mall (between America’s Cup and Thames Street). When Touro Synagogue was built, the harbor side of Touro Synagogue this mall was the land end of Long Wharf, colonial Newport’s public wharf. Merchants’ private docks lined the waterfront north and south of Long Wharf. The wharf owned by Aaron Lopez, a wealthy Jewish merchant and founding member of the congregation that built Touro Synagogue, sat just to the south where the Newport Harbor Hotel and Marina is now. 2. Brick Market (Thames Street end of Long Wharf Mall). This 3-story brick building at the Washington Square end of Long Wharf Mall was built around the same time as Touro 7 Synagogue and was designed by the same man, America’s first great architect Peter Harrison. 6 5 3. Horse Trough. This replica of a 19th-century watering 2 trough in the triangle just opposite the Brick Market was made by metal artists Howard and Mary Newman, members of Newport’s current Jewish community who also restored artifacts in Touro Synagogue. Learn more about the 1 Synagogue artifact restoration at http://finemetalrestoration.com/touro-synagogue/. Gateway Center Parking Garage 23 America’s Cup Avenue 4. Washington Square. The area across Thames Street from the Brick Market is Newport’s original town common.
    [Show full text]