Chovatelé opic capuchin v usa Continue Nazev Poloszek on str'nce: 10 20 50 100 z'znamy 1 - 50 (celkem 58) Order of Monks Small CapuchinCommon Capuchin logoFormation1528; 492 years ago (1528)FounderMatteo Serafini of BascioTypeMendicant Order of Papal Law (for men)HeadquartersVia Piemonte 70, Rome, ItalyMembers (2017) 10,495 (6,932 priests)Minister GeneralFr.Roberto Genoin, OFM CapPost-nominal initialsO.F.M. Cap.Websiteofmcap.org The Order of monks Little Capuchin (Latin: Ordo Fratrum Minorum Capuccinorum; post-number abbot. O.F.M.Cap.) is a religious order of Franciscan monks in the Catholic Church, one of the two First Orders that originated from the Franciscan monks of the Small Obs., now OFM), the other is conventuals (OFM Conv.). Capuchins emerged in 1525 with the aim of returning to stricter compliance with the rule established by Francisco assisi in 1209. The Origin of Matteo Bassi (1495-1552), co-founder of the Order of monks Little Capuchin Bernardino Ocino (1487-1564), co-founder of the Order of capuchins Order arose in 1525, when Matteo da Bacio, an Observant Franciscan monk, a native of the Italian region of Marche, said he was inspired by God with the idea that the way of life led by the monks of his time is not the one that their founder, St. Francis of Assisi, envisioned. He sought to return to a primitive way of life of solitude and repentance, as practiced by the founder of their Order. His religious superiors tried to suppress these innovations, and the monk Matteo and his first comrades were forced to hide from the church authorities, who tried to arrest them for abandoning their religious duties. They were granted refuge from the monks of Camaldoles, for which they later accepted the hood (or cappuccio, capuche) that wore this Order, which was a sign of the hermit in this region of Italy, and the practice of wearing a beard. The popular name of their Order comes from this particular of their religious habit. In 1528, the monk Matteo received the approval of Pope Clement VII and was allowed to live as a hermit and walk everywhere preaching to the poor. These permits were not only for him, but for all those who could join him in trying to restore the most literal observance of the possible rule of St. Francis. Matteo and the original band soon joined others. Matteo and his comrades were formed into a separate province called the Hermit Monks of Minor as a branch of the conventual Franciscans, but with the vicar of the province of their own, under the jurisdiction of the General Minister of conventuals. The Observer, another branch of the Franciscan order at the time, continued to oppose the movement. The rules of the Order In 1529 they had four houses and held their first General Chapter, on which their specific rules were drawn up. Teh the idea was abandoned, but life had to be one of extreme rigor, simplicity and poverty - in all things, as close to the ideals of St. Francis as it was feasible. Neither the monasteries nor the province should have anything left, nor are there any loopholes left to evade this law. No large provisions against temporary wants should be made, and deliveries in the house should never exceed what was needed for a few days. Everything had to be obtained by begging, and the monks were not even allowed to touch the money. Communities had to be small, eight of them were enshrined as a normal number and twelve as a limit. In furniture and clothing extreme simplicity was prescribed and the monks were discalced, required to go barefoot, even sandals. Like the Observer, the capuchins wore a brown habit, but the simplest form, i.e. only a tunic, with a characteristic large, pointed hood reaching the waist attached to it, is surrounded by a traditional wool cord with three knots. By a visual analogy, capuchin monkeys and cappuccino-style coffee are both named after the shade of brown used for their habits. In addition to the canonical choral celebration of the Divine Office, part of which was read at midnight, there were two hours of private prayer every day. Posts and disciplines were strict and frequent. Their main external work was preaching and spiritual ances eels among the poor. In theology, the Capuchins left the younger Franciscan school of Scotus and returned to the earlier school of St. Bonaventure. Early failures At the beginning of its history capuchins were subjected to a series of heavy blows. Two founders left him: Matteo Serafini of Bascio (Matteo Bassi), who returned to the Observer, while his first companion, after being replaced in the office of the vicar of the province, became so insubordinated that he had to be expelled from the Order. Even more scandalously, the third vicar general, Bernardino Ocino, left the Catholic faith in 1543 after fleeing to Switzerland, where he was met by John Calvin, became a Calvinist pastor in zurich, and married. Years later, claims that he wrote in favor of polygamy and unitarism caused him to be expelled from this city, and he fled again, first to Poland and then to Moravia, where he died. As a result, the whole province came under suspicion of etic trends, and the Pope decided to suppress it. He was dissuaded with difficulty, but the Capuchins were forbidden to preach. Expansion Despite previous failures, the authorities were eventually satisfied with the sonority of the common body of the Capuchin monks and permission to preach was restored. Then the movement began to multiply rapidly, and by the end of the 16th century capuchins had spread throughout the Catholic part of Europe, so that in 1619 they were freed from their dependence on Franciscans and became an independent order. At that time, they reportedly had 1,500 houses divided into fifty provinces. They were one of the main tools in Catholic counter-reformation, whose purpose was to work among the poor, impressing the minds of ordinary people with poverty and austerity of their lives, and sometimes sensational sermons, such as their use of the supposedly obsessed Martha Brossier to excite Paris against the Huguenots. Capuchin's activities were not limited to Europe. From the very beginning, they had been on missions for non-Catholics in America, Asia and Africa, and a college was established in Rome to prepare its members for foreign missions. Because of this strong missionary traction, a large number of capuchins have suffered martyrdom for centuries. Activities in Europe and other countries continued until the end of the 18th century, when the number of Capuchin monks was estimated at 31,000. Cimitero dei Cappuccini: Capuchin Crypt Remains of 4,000 monks adorn the ossuary of Santa Maria della Concesion Crypt located near the Church of Santa Maria della Concecione in Rome, a church commissioned by Pope Urban VIII in 1626. The Pope's brother, Cardinal Antonio Barberini, who was of the Order of the Capuchins, in 1631 ordered the exhumation of the remains of thousands of capuchin monks and moved from the monk to the Nia dei Lucchesi in the crypt. The bones were arranged along the walls in various designs, and the monks began to bury their dead here, as well as the bodies of the poor Romans, whose tomb was under the floor of the current mass chapel. Here the capuchins come to pray and reflect every evening before retiring for the night. In the crypt, or ossuary, there are now the remains of 4,000 monks buried between 1500-1870, during which time the Roman Catholic Church allowed burials in and under churches. The underground crypt is divided into five chapels, illuminated only by dim natural light, seeping through cracks, and small fluorescent lamps. The walls of the crypt are widely decorated with remains depicting various religious themes. Some of the skeletons are intact and draped with Franciscan habits, but for the most part, individual bones are used to create intricate decorative designs. The plaque in the chapel reads: What are you now, we are used to being. What we are now, you will. Mark Twain visited the crypt in the summer of 1867 and begins Volume 2, Chapter 1, of Innocents Abroad with five pages of his observations. Modern era of Capuchin monk/priest, ready for the sacrament of reconciliation (confession). Like all other orders, the Capuchins suffered greatly from the secularization and revolutions of the late 18th and first half of the 19th century; but they survived the tension, and in the second half of the 19th the earth quickly recovered. At the beginning of the 20th century there were fifty provinces with about 500 monks and 300 hospices or fewer houses; and the number of Capuchin monks, including the lay brothers, was 9,500. The Capuchins continue their missionary work and have about 200 missionary stations in all parts of the world, particularly in India, Ethiopia and parts of the former Ottoman Empire. Despite the fact that he is the poorest of all orders, he attracts an extraordinary number of the highest nobility and even the royal family. The famous Theobald Matthew, the Apostle of Temperans in Ireland, was a capuchin monk. More than 140 members of the Habsburg dynasty are buried in the Imperial Crypt, under the Capuchin Church in Vienna. The last burial in the crypt was in 2011 for Otto von Habsburg, the last crown prince of Austria-Hungary and the eldest son of the last Austrian emperor, Blessed Charles of Austria. By June 2018, there were 10,480 capuchins in the world, of which 7,070 were priests living and working in 108 countries: Africa: 1,357; South America: 1657; North America: 664; Asia Oceania: 2339; Western Europe: 3500; Central-Eastern Europe: 769.