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Continue Nazev Poloszek on str'nce: 10 20 50 100 z'znamy 1 - 50 (celkem 58) Order of Monks Small CapuchinCommon Capuchin logoFormation1528; 492 years ago (1528)FounderMatteo Serafini of BascioTypeMendicant Order of Papal Law (for men)HeadquartersVia Piemonte 70, , ItalyMembers (2017) 10,495 (6,932 priests)Minister GeneralFr.Roberto Genoin, OFM CapPost-nominal initialsO.F.M. Cap.Websiteofmcap.org The Order of monks Little Capuchin (Latin: Ordo Fratrum Minorum Capuccinorum; post-number abbot. O.F.M.Cap.) is a religious order of Franciscan monks in the , one of the two First Orders that originated from the Franciscan monks of the Small Obs., now OFM), the other is conventuals (OFM Conv.). Capuchins emerged in 1525 with the aim of returning to stricter compliance with the rule established by Francisco in 1209. The Origin of Matteo Bassi (1495-1552), co-founder of the Order of monks Little Capuchin Bernardino Ocino (1487-1564), co-founder of the Order of capuchins Order arose in 1525, when Matteo da Bacio, an Observant Franciscan monk, a native of the Italian region of Marche, said he was inspired by God with the idea that the way of life led by the monks of his time is not the one that their founder, St. , envisioned. He sought to return to a primitive way of life of solitude and repentance, as practiced by the founder of their Order. His religious superiors tried to suppress these innovations, and the monk Matteo and his first comrades were forced to hide from the church authorities, who tried to arrest them for abandoning their religious duties. They were granted refuge from the monks of Camaldoles, for which they later accepted the hood (or cappuccio, capuche) that wore this Order, which was a sign of the hermit in this region of , and the practice of wearing a beard. The popular name of their Order comes from this particular of their . In 1528, the monk Matteo received the approval of Pope Clement VII and was allowed to live as a hermit and walk everywhere preaching to the poor. These permits were not only for him, but for all those who could join him in trying to restore the most literal observance of the possible rule of St. Francis. Matteo and the original band soon joined others. Matteo and his comrades were formed into a separate province called the Hermit Monks of Minor as a branch of the conventual , but with the vicar of the province of their own, under the jurisdiction of the General Minister of conventuals. The Observer, another branch of the Franciscan order at the time, continued to oppose the movement. The rules of the Order In 1529 they had four houses and held their first General Chapter, on which their specific rules were drawn up. Teh the idea was abandoned, but life had to be one of extreme rigor, simplicity and poverty - in all things, as close to the ideals of St. Francis as it was feasible. Neither the monasteries nor the province should have anything left, nor are there any loopholes left to evade this law. No large provisions against temporary wants should be made, and deliveries in the house should never exceed what was needed for a few days. Everything had to be obtained by begging, and the monks were not even allowed to touch the money. Communities had to be small, eight of them were enshrined as a normal number and twelve as a limit. In furniture and clothing extreme simplicity was prescribed and the monks were discalced, required to go barefoot, even sandals. Like the Observer, the capuchins wore a brown habit, but the simplest form, i.e. only a tunic, with a characteristic large, pointed hood reaching the waist attached to it, is surrounded by a traditional wool cord with three knots. By a visual analogy, capuchin monkeys and cappuccino-style coffee are both named after the shade of brown used for their habits. In addition to the canonical choral celebration of the Divine Office, part of which was read at midnight, there were two hours of private prayer every day. Posts and disciplines were strict and frequent. Their main external work was preaching and spiritual ances eels among the poor. In theology, the Capuchins left the younger Franciscan school of Scotus and returned to the earlier school of St. Bonaventure. Early failures At the beginning of its history capuchins were subjected to a series of heavy blows. Two founders left him: Matteo Serafini of Bascio (Matteo Bassi), who returned to the Observer, while his first companion, after being replaced in the office of the vicar of the province, became so insubordinated that he had to be expelled from the Order. Even more scandalously, the third vicar general, Bernardino Ocino, left the Catholic faith in 1543 after fleeing to Switzerland, where he was met by John Calvin, became a Calvinist pastor in zurich, and married. Years later, claims that he wrote in favor of polygamy and unitarism caused him to be expelled from this city, and he fled again, first to Poland and then to Moravia, where he died. As a result, the whole province came under suspicion of etic trends, and the Pope decided to suppress it. He was dissuaded with difficulty, but the Capuchins were forbidden to preach. Expansion Despite previous failures, the authorities were eventually satisfied with the sonority of the common body of the Capuchin monks and permission to preach was restored. Then the movement began to multiply rapidly, and by the end of the 16th century capuchins had spread throughout the Catholic part of Europe, so that in 1619 they were freed from their dependence on Franciscans and became an independent order. At that time, they reportedly had 1,500 houses divided into fifty provinces. They were one of the main tools in Catholic counter-reformation, whose purpose was to work among the poor, impressing the minds of ordinary people with poverty and austerity of their lives, and sometimes sensational sermons, such as their use of the supposedly obsessed Martha Brossier to excite Paris against the Huguenots. Capuchin's activities were not limited to Europe. From the very beginning, they had been on missions for non-Catholics in America, Asia and Africa, and a college was established in Rome to prepare its members for foreign missions. Because of this strong missionary traction, a large number of capuchins have suffered martyrdom for centuries. Activities in Europe and other countries continued until the end of the 18th century, when the number of Capuchin monks was estimated at 31,000. Cimitero dei Cappuccini: Capuchin Crypt Remains of 4,000 monks adorn the ossuary of Santa Maria della Concesion Crypt located near the Church of Santa Maria della Concecione in Rome, a church commissioned by Pope Urban VIII in 1626. The Pope's , Cardinal Antonio Barberini, who was of the Order of the Capuchins, in 1631 ordered the exhumation of the remains of thousands of capuchin monks and moved from the monk to the Nia dei Lucchesi in the crypt. The bones were arranged along the walls in various designs, and the monks began to bury their dead here, as well as the bodies of the poor Romans, whose tomb was under the floor of the current mass chapel. Here the capuchins come to pray and reflect every evening before retiring for the night. In the crypt, or ossuary, there are now the remains of 4,000 monks buried between 1500-1870, during which time the Roman Catholic Church allowed burials in and under churches. The underground crypt is divided into five chapels, illuminated only by dim natural light, seeping through cracks, and small fluorescent lamps. The walls of the crypt are widely decorated with remains depicting various religious themes. Some of the skeletons are intact and draped with Franciscan habits, but for the most part, individual bones are used to create intricate decorative designs. The plaque in the chapel reads: What are you now, we are used to being. What we are now, you will. Mark Twain visited the crypt in the summer of 1867 and begins Volume 2, Chapter 1, of Innocents Abroad with five pages of his observations. Modern era of Capuchin monk/priest, ready for the sacrament of reconciliation (confession). Like all other orders, the Capuchins suffered greatly from the secularization and revolutions of the late 18th and first half of the 19th century; but they survived the tension, and in the second half of the 19th the earth quickly recovered. At the beginning of the 20th century there were fifty provinces with about 500 monks and 300 hospices or fewer houses; and the number of Capuchin monks, including the lay brothers, was 9,500. The Capuchins continue their missionary work and have about 200 missionary stations in all parts of the world, particularly in India, Ethiopia and parts of the former Ottoman Empire. Despite the fact that he is the poorest of all orders, he attracts an extraordinary number of the highest nobility and even the royal family. The famous Theobald Matthew, the Apostle of Temperans in Ireland, was a capuchin monk. More than 140 members of the Habsburg dynasty are buried in the Imperial Crypt, under the Capuchin Church in Vienna. The last burial in the crypt was in 2011 for Otto von Habsburg, the last crown prince of Austria-Hungary and the eldest son of the last Austrian emperor, Blessed Charles of Austria. By June 2018, there were 10,480 capuchins in the world, of which 7,070 were priests living and working in 108 countries: Africa: 1,357; South America: 1657; North America: 664; Asia Oceania: 2339; Western Europe: 3500; Central-Eastern Europe: 769. There are currently five capuchins in the UK and eight in Ireland. The monk Roberto Genoin is now the head of the Order, called the Minister-General, worldwide. United States Capuchin monks in Paraguay, wear traditional Franciscan habits. The United States has six provinces across the country. Together with two provinces in Canada, the Province of Australia and the Guardians of the Mariana Islands/Hawaii, they form the North American-Pacific Capuchin Conference (NAPC). The St. Joseph's Province Foundation, originally Calvary Province, headquartered in Detroit, Michigan, was one of the first two Capuchin provinces to be established in the country in 1882. It was founded by Francis Haas (1826- 1895) and Bonaventure Frey (1831-1912), two Swiss diocesan priests who arrived in the United States in September 1856, and were admitted to the then diocese of Milwaukee by Bishop John Henney, also a Swiss immigrant, and received the charge of the parish of St. Nicholas, which they renamed in the then diocese of Milwaukee by Bishop John Henney, also a Swiss immigrant, and received the charge of the parish of St. Nicholas, which they renamed in the diocese of Calvari. Later on December 2, 1857, Antoine Gauche of the Swiss province was admitted to the Order of capuchins, who were sent to meet them with the Order in the United States. The monks founded St. Lawrence Seminary High School in 1861 on Mount Calvary, Wisconsin, at a school that is still owned and operated by the Order of the Capuchins. One of the monks in this province, Solanus Casey, was the father of the sanctity of his life, serving as a porter for several Capuchin monks in both Michigan and New York for decades. How miraculous the healing attributed to him was approved by Pope Francis in He was beatified in Detroit at Ford Field on November 18, 2017. This is important because Casey could become the first male American-born Saint in the history of the Catholic Church. It was previously declared venerable in 1995 by Pope John Paul II. His tomb is in the monastery of St. Bonaventure in Detroit, and it is visited by thousands of people every year. As of 2011, the province has 23 communities scattered across the U.S. Midwest, reaching from Michigan to Arizona. There are also monks in the province in Central America, and a community works in the Middle East. Other jurisdictions of St. Francis of Freery are Capuchin College in Washington, D.C. (St. Augustine Province) Of St. Joseph or Calvary (1882), based in Detroit, Michigan, covering the Upper Midwest, from Detroit to Montana and from which came Blessed Solanus Casey. St. Augustine (1882), based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, to which Cardinal Sean O'Malley belongs. Stigmata (circa 1925), based in Union City, New Jersey, founded by monks from the Tuscan region of Italy to the Minister of Italian Immigrants, with 9 communities on the East Coast, primarily in New Jersey, with parishes also in the Bronx, Hendersonville, North Carolina, Wilmington, Delaware and Fort Lauderdale, Florida. St. Mary's of New York and New England (1952), based in White Plains, New York, with 18 fraternities on the East Coast, from Vermont to Florida. They oversee detention in Japan and the detention of Guam. St. Conrad or Mid America (1977), based in Denver, Colorado, serving Illinois, Colorado, Kansas, Missouri and Texas, with missionaries in Papua New Guinea; Charles Chaput, a monk in the province, was appointed Archbishop of Philadelphia on September 8, 2011. Our Lady of Angels (1979), West America, based in Burlingam, California. Seven communities in California, with four communities in Mexico, which became the guardian of St. Juan Diego in December 2011. Star Marine Custody (1982), Hawaii and Guam, this division depends on the province of St. Mary. Capuchin Capuchin Poor Clares are the imprisoned of the Order of St. Clare who form the female branch of the Order of capuchins. They were founded in 1538 in Naples by the Honourable Maria Laurentia Longo, who was the abbot of the monastery of Poor Clare of this city. She and the other nuns of this community embraced the then-new movement for the reform of the Capuchins, and life was so harsh that they were called the Sisters of Suffering. The Order soon spread to France, Spain and beyond. They live in accordance with the same rules and regulations as the Capuchin monks and are considered members of the monks' provinces. There were five monasteries of this Order in the United States in 2012. There are about 50 nuns in these communities that are located in: Denver and Colorado, The Alamo and Amarillo (first, founded in 1981) in and Wilmington, Delaware. The monasteries were founded almost all from Mexico, where there are about 1,350 Capuchin nuns in 73 monasteries. The monastery in Pueblo is the foundation of the monastery in Amarillo. Together they form the Federation of Our Lady of Angels. The appearance of capuchins is unique to the Catholic religious order in that the cultivation of natural, non-romanmable beards is part of its first Constitution, which states that the beard is courageous, strict, natural, imitation of Christ and the saints of our Order, and despised. This singles out the Capuchin monks, particularly from the secular clergy of the Latin Church, who do not have rules on such matters. Recently, since the Second Vatican Council, the beard has no longer been mandatory, but is still common. Like other Franciscans, the monks wear a simple brown hooded tunic, a cord fastened around the waist, and sandals (or shoes). Saints and Blessed Felix Cantalis, the first Capuchin declared holy by the Catholic Church of , Capuchin Poor Clares and mystical Saints Angelo d'Acre (Angelo d'Acrycry) Bernard of Corleone ( Corleone) Conrad of Parjam (14) Crispin of (Sig Sig) Federico da Berga (15) 25 Companions Felix Cantalis Felix of Nicosia , Francis Maria Camporos (Joseph Leonessa, Ignatius Laconi 16) Ignatius Santia Leopoldo Mandis da Castelvo Lawrence Brindisi Pad Pietrelcina Serafin Montegranaro Luca Antonio Falcone Blessed Aniset Coplinski Arsenio da Trigolo Benedetto da Urbino Bernard of Thesida Diego Jose de Cadiz Tous Soler (Innocenzo da Berzo Leopold) of Alpandeire Marco d'Aviano Maria Maddalena Martinengo Nicola da Gesuri Onarat da Binya Pietro da Belias Sonicia Casey Tommaso da Olera Capuchin Poor Clares Veronica Giuliani Giuliani Maria Angela Astorch Florida Seviloli Maria Teresa Kovalska , other famous Capuchina Jeremiah Benettis, 18th century Italian writer Cesare Bonizzi , leader of heavy metal bands and singer Raniero Cantalamessa, author, speaker and preacher of the papal house Charles Chaput, Archbishop of Philadelphia (2011-2020), Archbishop of Denver (1997-2011) Patri Fidiel, Maltese poet Ceon Patrick O'Malley, Cardinal, Archbishop of Boston (2003-present) Winkenty Peev, Bulgarian priest Lucian Pulvermacher, divisive-sedemacist Antonio de Cedella, chief of the Spanish Inquisition in Louisiana (1788), abbot of St. Louis Cathedral (1795-1829) Emeritah Sinelli, Prince-Prince of The Bishop (1681-1685) , Archbishop of Corfu (2003-present) David Bartimei Tenser, Bishop of Reykjavik (2015-present) Francois Leclerc du Tremblay, monk and politician, referred to as Grey Preosviusim (1577-1638) Sebastian Englert, Freer, and the ethnographer of Easter Island (1888-1969) There is no such thing as any modern general history of capuchin order in general, although there are stories of various provinces and foreign missions. References to this literature can be found in Kapuzinerorden's article in Wetzer und Welte, Kirchenlexicon( Shorter sketches, with needy references, are given in Max Heimbuher, Order and Congregatien (1896), i.e. 4j and in Herzog-Hauk, Realencyklopedie (3rd century), Capuziner. Helyot's Hist. des ordres religieux (1792), vii. c. 24 and c. 27, gives a report on capuchins until the end of the 17th century. Citations : b c d e Chisholm, Hugh, ed. Capuchins . Encyclopedia Britannica (11th place). Cambridge University Press. Fragashi; et al. (2004). Full capuchin : biology of the genus Cebus. Cambridge University Press. page 5. ISBN 978-0-521-66116-4. OCLC 55875701. Capuchin monkeys also have hood-like bundles of hair on their heads. Recording, Capuchin in the American English Heritage Dictionary (1976), Boston: Houghton Mifflin. The culture of Italian coffee. Archive from the original 2011-03-05. Received 2011-01-18. Crime crimes: Demonology and Politics in France, 1560-1620, Jonathan L. Pearl, Wilfrid Laurier Univ. Press, 1999 ISBN 0-88920-296-6, ISBN 978-0-88920-296-2 - Capuchin Crypt Poster Archive 2008-10-22 on Wayback machine, Crypto Archeologico: Capuchin Crypts - statistics from 'Analecta Ordinis Fratrumum Minor Capuccinorum, Introduction of the Roma Order of Capuchins in the United States (PDF). The New York Times. June 28, 1895. Capuchin Franciscan province of St. Joseph. Received 2016-06-17. Franciscan capuchins, St. Conrad's Province. Received 2016-06-17. Franciscan capuchins, West America. Received 2016-06- 17. Capuchin poor clares. Received 2016-06-17. a b c Saints and Blessed, Kuria Generalis Ordinis Fratrum Minorum Cappuccinorum - b c Liturgical Calendar, Capuchin Franciscan monks, Stigmata province - b c Capuchin saints and blessed, Capuchin Franciscans, St. Mary's Province, www.capuchinpoorclares.org. 2020-05-04. External references to the Commons have media related to the Order of the Monks of Little Capuchin. Ordo Fratrum Minorum Cappuccinorum, official website of the International Religious Order of Capuchins in Canada - Mary, Mother of the Good Shepherd of the Province, official website of the Capuchins of Ireland - Province of St. Patrick and St. Francis, official site of capuchins in Great Britain - The Province of Our Lady is supposed to heaven and St. Lawrence Brindisidin of The Order of America - Our Angels Province, the official site of the Capuchin Franciscan Order in West America, Capuchin-Franciscan Province of St. Joseph (Mid-West USA), the official website of the province of St. Joseph, the official website of the province of St. Conrad, the official website of the Capuchin Franciscans of the province of St. Augustine, the official website of Capuchin Fritz Minor. Catholic encyclopedia. Extracted from the

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