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From Eudoxus to Einstein: a History of Mathematical Astronomy C Cambridge University Press 0521827507 - From Eudoxus to Einstein: A History of Mathematical Astronomy C. M. Linton Index More information Index Abel, Niels Henrik (1802–29), 297n Almagest, see Ptolemy, Almagest aberration, 132n, 216n, 307–9, 452n Al-Ma’m¯un(ninth century), 89 Abraham, Max (1875–1922), 455, 460 α Centauri, 357n Ab¯ual-Waf¯a(c.940–97), 92, 98 Altona Observatory, 385 Academie des Sciences, 243, 292, 306, 308n, Al-Zarq¯al¯ı[Azarquiel] (c.1029–1100), 97, 346, 385, 410, 440n, 442 103, 122, 135 prize contests, 289, 295, 296n, 307, 312, Amico, Gianbattista (c.1512–38), 118, 207 314, 319, 323, 327, 333, 334n, 344, 372, Anaximander (c.610 BC–c.545 BC), 16–17 408 Anaximenes (c.585 BC–c.525 BC), 17 Accademia del Cimento, 246n Anaxogoras (c.500 BC–c.428 BC), 20 action-angle variables, 422, 429 angle measure, 12, 52, 347 Adams, John Couch (1819–92), 268n, 334, Apollonius (c.260 BC–c.190 BC), 37, 45–8, 375–90, 443n, 444 51, 76, 88, 109, 117 Adelard of Bath (1075–1160), 89 apparent distance, 3 Airy, George Biddell (1801–92), 281, 311n, Aquinas, St Thomas (c.1225–74), 113, 374–85, 389, 406, 438 127n Al-Batt¯an¯ı[Albategnius] (c.858–c.929), 90–2, Arago, Dominique Fran¸coisJean 98, 100n, 116, 122, 133, 145 (1786–1853), 379, 437 Albert of Saxony (c.1316–1390), 115 Aratus (c.315 BC–c.245 BC), 51 Al-B¯ır¯un¯ı(973–1048), 93, 95 Archimedean solid, 195n Al-Bit.r¯uj¯ı[Alpetragius] (d.1204), 98–9, 112, Archimedes (287 BC–212 BC), 39, 40n, 88, 156 109, 121, 184 alchemy, 155, 250 Archytas (c.428 BC–c.350 BC), 25 Alexander the Great (356 BC–323 BC), ‘arcs of circles’, 314, 327, 331 15, 36 Aristarchus (310 BC–230 BC), 38–44, 120–1, Al-Fargh¯an¯ı[Alfraganus] (c.800–c.870), 89, 217 114, 116 Aristotle (384 BC–322 BC), 16, 32–5, Alfonsine Tables, 98, 111, 119, 122, 124, 138, 88, 95 154, 165, 208 cosmology, 33–5, 97–100, 113, 123, Alfonso X [the Wise] (1221–84), 111, 156 129n, 137, 154, 162, 203, 204, 207, algebra, 88, 110, 111, 148, 195 211, 239 Alhazen, see Ibn al-Hait.h.am Metaphysics, 19, 25, 31 Al-K¯ash¯ı(c.1380–1429), 108 Meteorology, 33, 109 Al-Khw¯arizm¯ı(c.800–c.850), 88–9, 98, 110, on motion, 34, 115, 177, 203, 251 191n On the Heavens, 32, 44, 75, 109, 115 Al-Kind¯ı(c.800–c.873), 228n Arnold, Vladimir Igorevich (b.1937), 430n 503 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521827507 - From Eudoxus to Einstein: A History of Mathematical Astronomy C. M. Linton Index More information 504 Index Aryabhat¯ .a (b.476), 86, 88 bisected eccentricity, 76, 78, 79, 98, 141, 178, asteroids, 363, 372, 399, 428, 435, 440 181, 182, 187 Ceres, 361–3, 365, 369 Bjerknes, Carl Anton (1825–1903), 446 Hildas, 399, 435 black holes, 447n Juno, 363, 369 Blagg, Mary Adela (1858–1944), 397n Pallas, 362–3 Blancan, Joseph [Giuseppe Biancani] Trojans, 326, 399 (1566–1624), 209n Vesta, 363 Blundeville, Thomas (sixteenth century), 147 astrolabe, 7n, 63 Bode, Johann Elert (1747–1826), 356, 359, astrology, 11, 35, 60, 92, 96, 101, 114, 118, 360 138, 153–4, 157, 169, 170, 194 Bode’s law, see Titius–Bode law astronomical unit [AU], see Sun, distance to Boethius (c.480–524), 109 Augustine, St (354–430), 113, 114 Bohlin, Karl Petrus (1860–1939), 429 Autolycus (c.360 BC–c.290 BC), 36 Bologna, University, 113, 120 Avempace, see Ibn B¯ajja Bolzano, Bernhard (1781–1848), 350 Averro¨es, see Ibn Rushd Bonnet, Charles (1720–93), 356 Avicenna see Ibn S¯ın¯a Borelli, Giovanni Alfonso (1608–79), 246–7, Azarquiel, see Al-Zarq¯al¯ı 253 Born, Max (1882–1970), 458 Babbage, Charles (1792–1871), 383n Boˇskovi´c,Rudjer Josip (1711–87), 287, 312n, Babinet, Jacques (1794–1872), 443n 367 Babylonian astronomy, 10–14, 25, 32, 35, 52, Bouguer, Pierre (1698–1758), 289, 368 58, 59, 85, 86, 311 Boulliau, Ismael (1605–94), 72n, 224–7, Bacon, Francis (1561–1626), 209n, 240, 287 233–4, 251, 268, 291n B¨ar, Nicholas Reymers [Ursus] (1551–1600), Bouvard, Alexis (1767–1843), 351, 372–4, 164, 167–8, 174–5 376, 388 Barrow, Isaac (1630–77), 251 Bouvard, Eug`ene(fl. 1840), 375 Bayes’theorem, 343n Bowditch, Nathaniel (1773–1838), 351 Bayes, Thomas (1702–61), 343n Boym, Michael (1612–59), 224n Bede, The Venerable (c.672–735), 109 Bradley, James (1693–1762), 307–9, 346n Bellarmine, Cardinal (1542–1621), 209 Brahe, Tycho (1546–1601), 10, 59, 92, 92n, Benatky castle, 168, 175 108, 122, 146, 151, 153–68, 192, 204, Bentley, Richard (1662–1742), 283n 229, 311, 407 Berlin Academy, 318, 363, 382, 420n, 466, accuracy of observations, 157, 181–2, 468n 195 Berlin Observatory, 317, 382, 405, 464 and Kepler, 174–6 Bernoulli, Daniel (1700–82), 281n, 289, 295, world system, 156, 159–65, 209, 213, 229 312n, 334n, 344, 447n Brahmagupta (598–c.670), 87, 88 Bernoulli, Jakob [Jacques] (1654–1705), 291, Brera Observatory, 361 294n, 344n Briggs, Henry (1561–1630), 223 Bernoulli, Johann [Jean] (1667–1748), 289, Brougham, Henry (1778–1868), 353 291, 293, 294, 295n Brown, Ernest William (1866–1938), 386n, Bessarion, Cardinal (c.1403–72), 117 412 Bessel function, 191n Bruno, Giordano (1548–1600), 150, 209 Bessel, Friedrich Wilhelm (1784–1846), 191n, Bruns, Ernst Heinrich (1848–1919), 432 357n, 375 Buffon, Georges Louis Leclerc Comte de Besso, Michele Angelo (1873–1955), 464, (1707–88), 300 468n Burckhardt, Johann Karl (1773–1825), 405 binomial theorem, 297, 298n Bureau des Longitudes, 346 Birkhoff, George David (1884–1944), B¨urgi, Jost (1552–1632), 164n, 195, 221 424, 427 Buridan, John (c.1300–58), 115 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521827507 - From Eudoxus to Einstein: A History of Mathematical Astronomy C. M. Linton Index More information Index 505 Caetani, Cardinal Bonifacio (1567–1617), Christian IV, King of Denmark and Norway 210n (1577–1648), 167 calculus Christoffel symbol, 465 development of, 184, 193, 193n, 241n, Christoffel, Elwin Bruno (1829–1900), 461 264–5, 291–2, 352 Christy, James W. (b.1938), 394 of variations, 318, 463 circumpolar stars, 4 priority dispute, 265n, 286n Clairaut, Alexis Claude (1713–65), 292–6, calendar reform, 25n, 120, 207, 250 298n, 298–306, 308n, 309, 317, 322, Callippus (c.370 BC–c.310 BC), 31–2 327, 338, 374, 408, 445 Cambridge Observatory, 374, 377, 381 Clairaut’s formula, 338 Cambridge University, 113, 232n, 250, 252, Clarke, Samuel (1675–1729), 282n 265n, 282, 375, 383n Clavius, Christoph (1538–1612), 207–8 Camerarius, Joachim (1500–74), 127 Cleomedes (c. AD first century), 44n Campanus of Novarra (1220–96), 110 clocks, 2n, 247, 249, 272 canonical transformation, 402–3, 411, 414 comets, see also Halley’s comet, 10, 33, 154, Carlini, Francesco (1783–1862), 408 156–7, 160, 163, 179n, 244, 251, 259, Cartesian physics, 240, 242–7, 262, 282n, 288, 286, 329, 330, 338, 344, 353, 355, 357–8, 288–9 361, 363n, 367, 373, 379, 415 Cassini de Thury, C´esar-Fran¸cois(1714–84), complex numbers, 298n 287 computer algebra, 411n Cassini division, 399n computer simulations, 400n, 407n, 435, 470 Cassini, Giovanni Domenico [Cassini I] Conduitt, Catherine (1679–1739), 287 (1625–1712), 206n, 207, 225n, 233n, conic sections, 36–8, 225, 266, 267, 294, 307n, 310n, 315, 320, 323, 399n, 449 326 Cassini, Jacques [Cassini II] (1677–1756), conjunction, 3 286, 289, 307, 312 Jupiter and Saturn, 154, 170, 260, 311–12 Cassini ovals [cassinoids] , 225n convergence of series, 297, 341, 350, 405, 407, Cassiopeia, 154 422, 428–30, 434, 437 Catholic Church, 113, 146, 209–10, 217, Cook, James (1728–79), 317 227, 236 Copenhagen, University, 153, 155 Cauchy, Augustin-Louis (1789–1857), 350 Copernicus, Nicholas (1473–1543), 2, 39, 48, Cavalieri, Bonaventura (c.1598–1647), 193n, 75, 92, 99, 117–22, 156, 209, 245 232n Commentariolus, 122–5, 138, 139 Cavendish, Henry (1731–1810), 446, 460 On the Revolutions, 119–22, 124–46, 158, celestial equator, 4 182, 210 celestial sphere, 3, 4n reception of his theory, 128n, 129, 146–51, centrifugal force, 242, 246–9, 252, 264, 285, 159, 207, 213, 227, 240n 338, 413 triple motion of Earth, 132–3, 150, 155, Challis, James (1803–82), 365, 381–5, 165, 212n 446 Coriolis force, 413 Chandler wobble, 407 cosmological constant, 468n Chandler, Seth Carlo (1846–1913), 407 Cotes, Roger (1682–1716), 261n, 272, 345n chaos, 426–7, 434–6 Coulomb, Charles (1736-1806), 447n Charles II, King of England (1630–85), Coulomb’s law, 447 243 counter-Earth, 20 Chase, Pliny Earle (1820–86), 390 Crabtree, William (1610–44), 232 Chˆatelet,Gabrielle Emelie´ Marquise du Cracow, 119, 124n (1706–49), 287, 293 Cr¨uger, Peter (1580–1639), 224 Chaucer, Geoffrey (c.1343–1400), 7n Curz [Curtius], Albert (1600–71), 225n China, and Tychonic system, 164n cycloid, 268 chord, 52, 64–6, 87, 92, 128 61 cygni, 366n © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521827507 - From Eudoxus to Einstein: A History of Mathematical Astronomy C. M. Linton Index More information 506 Index D’Alembert’s principle, 320 perihelion advance, 470 D’Alembert, Jean-Baptiste Le Rond shape, 16, 18, 19, 34, 249–50, 271–2, (1717–83), 281n, 292–3, 298, 303, 286–7, 308, 333, 335, 338–41, 408 306, 306n, 309, 317–19, 322, 327, 335n, size, 44, 254n, 271 339 theory of, see solar theory Damoiseau, Marie-Charles-Th´eodorede earthshine, 204 (1768–1846), 408 Easter, 120, 362 Dante Alighieri (1265–1321), 89, 114 eccentric anomaly, 189, 190 D’Arcy, Chevalier (1727–79), 324n eclipses, 7–9, 17, 18 D’Arrest, Heinrich (1822–75), 382 lunar, 21, 34, 40 Darwin, George Howard (1845–1912), 421, of moons of Jupiter, 215–16 424, 446, 456 solar, 441, 459 De Sitter, Willem (1872–1934), 456 585 BC, 16 decimal numeration, 11, 87, 88, 110, 117, 128, 1560, 153n 223, 347 1842, 443n declination,
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