9582· CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JUNE· 3(} We have·Iistened here on the floor of Mr. DOUGLAS. Mr. President, I ask Servicemen's Readjustment Act (Public Law this body for long hours at this session unanimous consent that the order for a 346, 78th Cong., June 22, 1944); and of the Congress to charges and counter­ S. 3571. An act to continue the au t hority quorum call be rescinded, and that fur­ of the Maritime Commission under the charges, explanations, and alibis con­ ther proceedings under the call be sus­ Merchant Ship Sales Act of 1946, and for cerning what has been done in this cotm­ pended. other purposes. try at home by this same godless force The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without of communism ehdeavoring to work its objection, it is so ordered. MESSAGES FROM THE PRESIDENT agents into our Government-the same ADJOURNMENT Sundry messages in writing from the conspiracy which has caused us to. take President of the United States were com­ these highly unusual and unprecedented Mr. LUCAS. Mr. President, I move municated to the House by Mr. Miller, steps this week to meet it abroad. We that the Senate adjourn until f2 o'cloclc one of his secretaries, who also informed have heard much, but we have taken no. noon tomorrow. · · · · the House that on the follO\ving dates the action. We have had a special investi- . . The motion \vas agreed to; and

I might state with respect to the Sixth. Authorizes the Postmaster Gen­ STATEMENT Hoover Commission recommendations eral to designate the places where ad­ The managers on the part of the House at that the Po~t Office and Civil Service ministrative examination of accounts the conference on the disagreeing votes of Committee in the Eightieth Congress, in will be made; the two Houses on the amendment of the its study, made many recommendations Senate to the bill (H. R. 1169)' for the relief Seventh. Authorizes and directs the of Mrs. Marion T. Schwartz, submit the fol- which later also appeared in the Hoover Comptroller General to audit the finan­ 11..wing statement in explanation of the effect Commission report and its task force re­ cial transactions of the Post omce De­ of the action agreed upon and recommended port. Many of these recommendations partment; in the accompanying conference report: have been placed into effect and econ­ Eighth. Provides for separately set­ The bill as passed the House appropriated omies are being made in the postal serv­ ting out in appropriate reports of the the sum of $4,000 to Mrs. Marion T. ice as a result of them. Post Office Department amounts repre­ Schwartz for damages on account of the per­ R. sonal injuries sustained by her late husband, The administration's bill, H. 5775, senting certain services which the De­ Leo Schwartz, as the result of an accident which was sent to the Congress on this partment performs free or at special involving an Army vehicle at the Oakland same subject, is a good example of what rates; Army Base, Oakland, Calif., on September 1, has occurred in many legislative pro­ Ninth. Transfers to the Post Office 1944. posals purporting to carry out the Hoover Department such records, property, per­ The Senate reduced the sum to $1,671 and Commission report. The bill was sonnel, appropriations, and so forth, pri­ at the conference a compromise of $3,000 was weighed down with many provisions marily connected with functions t~ans­ agreed upon. which were not related to the financial ferred under the bill; · WILLIAM T. BYRNE, WINFIELD K. DENTON, control of the postal service. For ex­ Tenth. Removes certain restrictions JOHN JENNINGS, Jr., ample, under the administration pro­ with regard to leases of real property; Managers on the Part of the House. posal, there would have been an unlim­ and ited authority for the Postmaster Gen­ Eleventh. Repeals certain laws relat­ The conference report was agreed to. eral to appoint specialists without regard ing to financial control of the Post Office A motion to reconsider was laid on the to the Classification Act or to n.ny other Department which are no longer neces­ table. governmental ceilings and without any sary if this bill is enacted. restrictions on the number that might PERSONNEL AND COMPOSITION OF THE The bill will take effect 90 days after ARMY AND AIR FORCE be appointed. The Postmaster General enactment unless postponed in whole or would .have had practically unlimited in part by the President, but such post­ Mr. KILDAY. Mr. Speaker, I call up authority with regard to contracts, ponement may not exceed 2 years. the conference report on the bill

In lieu of the matter proposed to be inserted "LIMITATION OF AUTHORITY missioned officers of the Women's Army by the Senate amendment insert the fol­ "SEC. 304. Nothing contained in this Act Corps and added to the exclusions proposed lowing: "Army (exclusive of the numbers­ shall be construed to authorize the .Depart­ ip. the Hot!se bill ( 1) professors of t~e United. authorized by law for the Army Nurse Corps,. ment of Defense to expend any money ap~ States Military Ac~demy, and (2) any num­ the Women's Medical Specialist Corps, pro­ propriated pursuant to authority conferred bers authorized by special provisions of law fessors of the United Stat.es Military Acad­ by this Act for the design or development providing for officers in designated categories emy, and any ~umbers authorized by special of any prototype aircraft intended primarily as additional numbers. The conference provisions of law providl.ng for , officers in for commercial use." agreement authorizes 30,600 active-list com­ designated categories as additional num­ And the Senate.agree to the same. missioned officers in the Regular ~rmy, de-. bers)"; and the. Senate agree to the same. CARL VINSON, let es the Senate reference to the Women's' Amendment numbered 15: That the House· OVERTON BROOKS, Army Corps, and accepts the additional Sen-· recede from its disagreement to the amend­ PAUL J. KILDAY, ate exclusions of professors of the United ment of the Senate numbered 15, and agree DEWEY SHORT, States Military Academy and additional num­ to the same with an amendment as follows: LESLIE C. ARENDS, bers officers. In lieu of the matter proposed to be stricken. Managers on the Part of the House. NATIONAL GUARD AUTHORIZED PERSONNEL out by the Senate amendment insert the STRENGTH· following: VIRGIL M. CHAPMAN, HARRY FLOOD BYRD, The House bill authorized a personnel "(b) Effective on the date of enactment LYNDON B. JOHNSON, strength of 750,000 for the National Guard of this Act, and subject to the limita­ CHAN GURNEY, and National Guard ·of the United States. tions imposed by· sections 202 and 203 of LEVERETT SALTONSTALL, The Senate amendment reduced the House ·this Act, the Air Force of the United States Managers O?J. the Part of the Senate. figure to 600,000. The conference agreement shall have an authorized strength of not to accepts the Senate amendment. exceed seventy United States Air Force STATEMENT groups and such separate United States Air ORGANIZED RESERVE CORPS A-qTHORIZ~ Force squadrons, reserve groups, arid sup­ The managers on the part of the House PERSONNEL STRENGTH porting and auxiliary United States Air Force at the conference on the disagreeing votes The House bill authorized. a personnel and reserve units as may be required." of the two Houses on the amendments of the strength of 980,000 for the Army Organized And the Senate agree to the same. Senate to the bill (H. R. 1437) to authorize Reserve Corps. The Senate amendment au­ Amendment numbered 18: That the House the composition. of the Army of the United thorized such personnel strength as is nec­ recede from its disagreement to the amend­ States and the Air Force of the United States, essary to form the basis for complete and _ ment of the Senate numbered 18, and agree and for other purposes, submit the following immediate mobilization for the national de­ r..tatement in explanation of the action fense in the event of a national emergency to the same with ·an amendment as follows: figreed upon by the conferees and recom­ In lieu of the matter proposed to be inserted and removed the House numerical limit. by the Senate amendment insert the fol-· mended in the accompanying conference re­ The conference agreement accepts the House lowing: "twenty-seven thousand five hun­ port: language. · LEGISLATION IN CONFERENCE dred, exclusive of any numbers authorized by ARMY MATERIALS AND PROCUREMENT special provision of law providing for officers On Mai-ch 22, 1949, the House passed H. R. AUTHORIZATION 1437, which was designed to create a stat­ in designated categories as additional num­ The House bill specifically authorized the bers,"; and the Senate agree to the same. utory charter for ·Army and Air Force size and composition. The purpose of the legis­ Army to procure guided missiles. The Sen­ Amendment numbered 23: That the House ate amendment deleted the House reference recede from its disagreement to the amend­ lation was to create a legal framework for these two armed services as regards their to guided missileE;. The conference agree­ ment of the Senate numbered 23, and agree ment accepts the House language. to the same with an amendment as follows: . military strengths, the composition of the In lieu of the matter proposed to be striken. military forces, their procurement authority, _ AUTHORIZED COMPOSITION OF THE AIR FORCE otit by the Senate amendment insert the their re~earch and develop.ment authority, The House bill authorized an Air Force following: "(1) "; and ·the Senate ' agree to and their appropriation authority. On Au­ strength of 70 Regular Air Force groups, 22 · the same. gust 27, 1949, the Senate passed H. R. 1437 separate Regular Air Force squadrons, and 61 · but with numerous amendments which, to­ Amendment numbered 25: That the House Air Force Reserve groups, together with sup- · gether with the action of the conferees in porting auxiliary Regular Air Force and Re­ recede from its disagreement to the amend-· respect thereto, are explained below. ment of the Senate numbered 25, and agree serve units. The Senate amendment deleted to the same with an amendment as follows: SHORT TITLE these provisions of the House b1U. The con­ In lieu of the matter proposed to be Jnserted The House bill prescribed a short title for ference agreement provides that the Air Force by the Senate amendment insert the follow­ t:tie legislation, as follows: "Army and Air of the United States shall have an authorized ing: "guided missiles, and (3) "; and the· Force Act of 1949.'' The Senate amendment strength of not to exceed 70 Regular Air Force Senate agree to the same. · modified the short title to read "Army and · groups and such separate Regular and Re- . Amendment numbered 34: That the House Air Force Authorization Act of 1949.'' The serve squadrons and units1 and Reserve recede from its disagreement to the amend­ conference agreement accepts the Senate groups as may be required. ment of the Senate numbered 34, and agree amendment. AUTHORIZED ACTIVE DUTY PERSONNEL STRENGTH to the same with an amendment as follows: AUTHORIZED ACTIVE DUTY PERSONNEL STRENGTH OF THE AIR FORCE In lieu of the matter proposed to be inserted OF THE ARMY The House bill authorized an active duty by the Senate amendment insert the fol­ The House bill authorized an active duty strength of 502,000 officers, warrant officers, lowing: personnel strength of 837,000 officers, warrant a.nd enlisted persons in the Air Force. This "APPROPRIATIONS officers, and enlisted persons for the Army of was exclusive of (1) ·1-year enlistees, (2) "SEC. 303. (a) There are hereby authorized the United States. This total figure was ex­ officer candidates, (3) aviation cadets, (4) to be appropriated, out of any moneys in clusive of (1) 1-year enlistees, (2) officer · personnel of the Reserve components on ac­ the Treasury of the United States not other­ candidates, (3) personnel of the Reserve tive duty for training purposes only, (5) per­ wise appropriated, such sums as may be x: ec­ components on active duty for training pur-· sons paid under the appropriations for the essary to carry out the purposes of this Act. poses only, ( 4) persons paid under the ap- . Air National Guard and the United States . "(b) Moneys appropriated to the Depart­ propriations for the National Guard and Or­ Air Force Reserve, and ( 6) personnel and ments of the Army, Navy, or Air Force for ganized Reserve Corps, and ( 5) personnel and units of the Reserve components ordered to · procurement of technical military equipment units of the Reserve components ordered to active duty in an emergency. The Senate and supplies, the construction of public active duty in an emergency hereafter de­ amendment deleted exclusion (5) above and works, and for research and development, clared. The Senate amendment deleted ex­ also the words "and units" in exclusion (6) · including moneys appropriated to the De-. clusion (4) above, and also deleted the words above. The conference agreement accepts partment of the Navy for the procurement, "and units" in exclusion (5) above. The . the deletion of the words "and units" but construction, and research and development conference agreement restores exclusion (4) r~tains the House exclusion ( 5) a'Qove. of guided missiles, which are hereby au­ above, which had been deleted by the Senate, AUTHORIZED AIR FORCE REGULAR OFFICER thorized for the Department of the Navy, and accepts the deletion of the words "and S~ENGTH shall remain available until expended unless units" in exclusion ( 5) above. The House bill authorized an Air Force otherwise provided in the appropriation Act AUTHORIZED REGULAR . ARMY OFFICER STRENGTH . Regular officer strength of 27,500. The Sen­ concerned." The House blll authqrized 33,500 active-list ate amendment reduced the House figure to And the Senate agre·e to the same. commissioned officers in the Regular Army, _ 22,400 and excluded from that figure (1) . · Amendment numbered 35:' That the House from wliich total figure there were excluded numbers authorized for the Air Force Nurse recede from its disagreement to the amend­ numbers authorized by law for (1) the Army Corps, (2) numbers authorized for the Air ment of the Sen·ate numbered 35, and agree Nurse Corps and (2) the Women's Medical Force Women's. Medicar Specialist Corps, and to the same with an amendment as follows: Specialist Corps. The Senate amendment re- . (3) any numbers authorized by special pro­ In lieu of the matter proposed to be in­ duced the authorization trom 33,500 to 30,600. visions of law providing for officers in desig• · serted by the Senate amendment insert the The Senate amendment also specifically in­ nated categories as additional numbers. The following: cluded in the Regular office1· strength com- conference agreement accepts the HoUflO XCVI-606 9624 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JUNE . 30 Regular officer .figure of 27,500 and deletes agreement substitutes for the Senate amend­ ferred fo anci known as target s'ite number exclusions (1) and (2) above. ment language providing that nothing con­ twelve and located approximately one mile Am NATIONAL GUARD AUTHORIZED PERSONNEL tained in the proposed act shall be con­ north of Duck, North Carolina, and 'to accept STRENGTH ~trued to authorize the Department of De­ in exchange therefor from Ray T. Adams, the fense to expend money appropriated pur­ conveyance of a leasehold interest in one · The House b111 authorized a person nel suant to the proposed act for the design or hundred seventy-four acres of land which strength of 100,000 for the Ail' Nat ional Guard development of any prototype transport or is a part of a larger parcel of land located and t h e Air National Guard of the United cargo aircraft intended primarily for com­ at Corolla, North Carolina, and owned by States. The Senate amendment increased mercial use. the said Ray T. Adams, at such location upon the House figure to 150,000. The conference CARL VINSON, said larger parcel of land and under such agreement accepts the Senate amendment. OVERTON BROOKS, terms and conditions as may be determined UNITED STATES AIR FORCE RESERVE AUTHORIZED PAUL J . KILDAY, and agreed upon by the Secretary of the PERSONNEL STRENGTH ..J)EWEY SHORT, Navy and the said Ray T. Adams: Provided, The House bill authorized a personnel LESLIE C. ARENDS, That the said Ray T. Adams shall erect, or strength of 500,000 for the United States Managers on the Part of the House. shall have erected, at the option of the Sec­ Air Force Reserve. The Senate amendment retary of the Navy, adequate substitute facil­ deleted the House numerical limit and au­ The SPEAKER pro tempore. The ities without cost to the United States on thorized the United States Air Force Re­ question is on agreeing to the conference such leasehold site as may be determined and serve to have such personnel strength as is report. approved by the Secretary of the Navy." necessary to form the basis for complete mo­ The conference report was agreed to. And the Senate agree to the same. biiization . for the national defense in the CARL VINSON, event of a national emergency. The confer­ A motion to reconsider was laid on the PAUL J. KILDAY, ence agreement accepts the provisions of table. DEWEY SHORT, the House bill. NATIONAL MILITARY ESTABLISHMENT LESLIE ARENDS, Managers on the Part of the House. AIR FORCE PROCUREMENT AUTHORIZATION LANDS ACT OF 1949 HARRY F. BYRD, The House bill authorized the Alr Force Mr. KILDAY. Mr. Speaker, I call up RICHARD B. RUSSELL, to procure 5,200 aircraft or 42,500 airframe up the conference report on the bill lina corporation. This pro-­ judgment and a temperate tone. The preparing and equipping troops to move posed transfer would have given the Navy entire Nation-except only a small col­ from the tropics into a rugged climate. fee simple title to another plot of 174 acres of 1and of equal value and equally desirable lection at the extreme left and the far The wonder is not that it took so long to the Navy for an aerial gunnery range, and right-has responded with overwhelm­ but that it was done so quickly. would have given Ray T. Adams fee simple ing support to the President's wise and What was not then foreseen, and no title to the present gunnery range of the courageous action in stopping aggression one here did foresee it, was that the Navy, thereby enabling the said Ray T. Adams in Korea. This demonstrates, as nothing Russians who entered Korea to accept a to convey a 100-foot right-of-way across the else could, the underlying vigor and Japanese surrender would stay on as property and making it possible to construct sound sense of direction of our people. overlords. The military administ:rative a toll road. It must come as a rude surprise to those The House committee is aware of the fact limit became a boundary of totalitarian­ that the area to be traversed by the proposed at home and abroad who have counted ism. The iron curtain was rung down toll road is presently isolated, very sparsely upon a schism within the American across Korea. settled, and of little value in its present nation to further their own advantages. The second point I want to malte is condition. The committee ls further aware The importance of this situation in that the United States' stay in Korea of the fact that the development of this area Korea rises over all partisan considera­ was prolonged because of a principle. for tourists and recreational purposes, the tions-as it should. We had pledged that country's inde­ revenue . from which source· constitutes 95 It is timely for us to look back and to pendence. Russia obduracy could not be percent of the business realized in Dare look ahead to find the essential truths of County, N. C., in which the greater portion . niade the excuse for defaulting on that of this road is to be located, wm be highly the developments in Korea and their re­ pledge. Had we abandoned the South beneficial to both the State of North Carolina lation to our national policy. Koreans to Communist conquest from and the Commonwealth of Virginia. The The first thing I want to emphasize, the north, every people everywhere committee wishes to expedite the develop­ is that we got into Korea purely by the would have been made aware that the ment of this area; however, the committee accident of wartime circumstances. In United States would not honor its word. likewise feels that it is mandatory that in the past few days I have read statements Our potential allies throughout th~ doing so it adequately protect the interests and have heard comments attempting to world would have been alienated and of the Government. In this connection, it link our position in Korea with some al­ is a foregone conclusion that the 174 acres discouraged. In that indirect way our of land which comprise the present aerial leged design conceived in .the wartime security was involved in Korea. So, not­ gunnery range will be greatly enhanced in conferences between ourselves and our withstanding that Korea was to us a value as a result of the construction of the. wartime allies. No facts support these militazy liability, we were obliged to re­ toll r.o~d by the two State authorities. It ls allegations. The story was laid before main there~- to carry out our responsi­ the intent of the committee that any in­ the Committee on Foreign Affairs a year bilities. crease in value of this property now owned ago in its hearing on the Korean aid bill When arrangements between the local by the Government be recovered to the Gov­ and has been published in a committee ernment. report on that legislation; commanders proved futile as a means With the foregoing premises in mind and of getting the Russians out of North acting under Instructions of the House Com­ Let us review the essential facts. Korea in keeping with their pledge, we mittee on Armed ·services, the House con­ Korea had been a protectorate of · sought the same end through diplomatic ferees offered substitute language for that Japan in 1905. It became a puppet of action. Starting in December, 1945, we presently contained in section 305. The new Japan in 1907. It was formally annexed sought vainly for two years to bring language would authorize the Secretary of by Japan in 1910. It was one of the con­ about agreement between Washington the Navy to convey a perpetual easement quered areas of the Japanese Empire and Moscow to redeem the pledges made 100 feet wide across the present Navy aerial awaiting liberation in World War II. gunnery range, retaining the fee In the Korea's independence was pledged at the at Cairo and reaffirmed at Potsdam. United States. This conveyance will neces­ Cairo Conference on December 1, 1943. Finally, on September 17, 1947, the sarily make the land unusable as a Navy United States laid the problem before aerial gunnery range. Therefore, the au­ China, Great Britain, and the United States were parties to the pledge. The the General Assembly of the United Na­ thorization further provides that Ray T. tions. Actually, under article 107 of the Adams shall lease to the Navy, under such pledge was later underwritten by Russia conditions as he and the Secretary of the at the Potsdam Conference on July 26, Charter, the matter might have been Navy shall agree to, a tract of 174 acres ap­ 1945. kept as an issue of contention between proximately 6 mlles north of the present Immediately after the Japanese ended the two major victor powers. Such a gunnery range, which tract can be used hostilities, Korea was occupied by forces thing was completely beyond the inten­ equally well by the Navy as its aerial tion of this Government. We sought in­ gunnery range. In addition, the said Ray of the United States and of the Soviet Union. That occupation was understood stead the interposition of the United T. Adams agrees to erect adequate substitute Nations because, in Secretary Marshall's facllities, on the leasehold site to be selected, to be solely for the purpose of receiving phrase- without cost · to the United States. The and administering the capitulation of Senate agrees to same. Japanese forces. We do not wish to have the lnabllity of CARL VINSON, To meet the immediate problem of co­ two powers to reach agreement delay any PAUL J. KILDAY, further the urgent and rightful claims of ordinating the acceptance of the Jap­ the Korean people to Independence. DEWEY SHORT, anese surrender in Korea, military au­ LESLIE ARENDS, thorities had agreed on August 11, 1945, ·That development brings me to the Managers on the Part of the House. on the thirty-eighth parallel as the. ad.. third point.I wish to emphasize. For· 3 The SPEAKER pro tempore. The ministrative line between the two forces. years the United States has acted in question is on agreeing to the conference It approximately divided the country. Korea as the servant of the United Na­ report. · It was a clear line on the map. That is tions. The conference report was agreed to. the simple explanation for the ·line In November, 1947, the United Nations A motion to reconsider was laid on the drawn along the thirty-eighth parallel. General Assembly called for a free elec­ The Russians entered first. That was tion in Korea under observance of a table. · . c _ • .. .. The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under on August 12, 1945. They were already United Nations Commission. This elec­ previous order of the House, the gentle­ just over the border in eastern Siberia. tion was to choose a constituent assem­ woman from California [Mrs. DOUGLAS] Our nearest forces were in Okinawa. bly to draft a constitution and establish is recognized for 30 minutes. AIJlerican troops had to be brought from a national government. that point and from the farther dis­ The Soviet government turned its KOREA AND WORLD PEACE tant Philippines. They got to Korea on back on this undertaking. It refused Mrs. DOUGLAS-. Mr. Speaker, at this September 8, almost 4 weeks after the the commission access to its zone. It critical juncture when so much affecting Russians. withheld cooperation in the electoral 9626 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JUNE 30 procedures. Only Koreans in the Amer­ prize they are seeking in their present the Far East and in Europe, and per­ ican zone were allowed a voice in this invasion. Our position in the Far East, haps some large ones too, would today effort to bring about a new state and a our reputation in the whole world, would be sending notes of appeasement to the new government under the principles of have been undermined. Russian Government. freedom expressed in the UN Charter. Besides economic aid, the Congress had If the President had not taken the This new government, exercising au­ enacted legislation for · limited military needed action in Korea, the United Na­ thority in the southern portion, was assistance to the Republic of Korea. tions would have become a thing of the established formally on August 15, 1948. Though our forces were withdrawn, a past and any hope of outlawing aggres­ This did not bring an end to our re­ small staff of advisers and instructors sion and maintaining peace in the world sponsibilities. This new government had remained there to help the small would have vanished with it. had to be given a chance for economic native defense force in developing its skill But the President has acted. The survival as well as juridical independ­ at arms. The Mutual Defense Assistance power of this Nation and of the entire ence. Act passed last fall authorized a small United Nations, with the overwhelming Under our military government and, amount of weapons for defense. support of free people everywhere, has after January 1, 1949, under the Eco­ The policies worked. Though beset by been placed behind the right of one nomic Cooperation Administration, we inflationary pressures last year and the small nation to live independently and planned in concert with the government earlier part of this year, the economy of without fear. of the young republic to bring about a the Republic began to respond satisfac­ Freedom and security must be based replenishment of its economy, develop­ torily to the assistance program. The on strength. But they must be the right ing new sources of materials at home and small Korean force, designed and not only of the strong. They must be new markets abroad, and restoring and equipped only for limited defense, showed the right of the weakest as well. With­ modernizing its productive resources. increasingly good morale. out that, there can be no real peace and Gradually, as talent was developed That measure of success achieved by freedom in the world. It is the same in among the Koreans and as their own gov­ the Republic may have been a large fac­ the world as within our own Nation, ernmental agencies were set up; our au­ tor in the decision to launch the invasion where the rights of the weakest are as thorities transferred functions to them. from the North. sacred as the rights of the strongest. Finally, a year ago, the last of our We had helped set up the Korean Re­ The rule of law can tolerate no other military units were withdrawn. The oc­ public in pursuance of a policy sponsored basis. cupation was over. The Republic of by the United Nations. We had nur­ Finally, let us take note of an old Korea stood on its own legs-still de­ tured that republic from our own re­ American habit of linking the words ·pending, however, on the United States sources as part of our obligation to un­ "peace" and "freedom." I trust that for assistance in making its way for its derwrite its independence in keeping with Americans will always insist on thinking first few years of independence. the principles of the Charter. of them as inseparable and speaking of There have been mariy false analogies From the moment of the invasion, them in the same breath. between the Russian position in Korea however, another facet of the ·charter The contention between the totali­ and our own up to this point. Soviet became involved. Not simply the right to tarian forces and the forces on our side forces were formally withdrawn from freedom and independence as a passive is not over the issue of peace alone. Northern Korea· before ours were with­ thing, but the security of a people against The Communists, too, want peace-but drawn from the Republic of Korea. How­ wanton aggression was now at issue. for them it must be peace according to ever, we should permit no one to lead us The situation was laid immediately be­ Communist specifications, with commu­ to false conclusions on this point, for fore the United Nations. The Security nism in the saddle and freedom put to the Northern Korean regime remained Council immediately called upon the par­ rout. In that respect they are precisely in every sense a satellite of Russia. ties concerned to cease fire. When this like the Nazis and Fascists, who also It is pointless to attempt to equate the call was disregarded, the Security Coun­ wanted peace in their fashion. actions of the two great powers, one striv­ cil then called for appropriate action by By its very nature, communism denies ing to establish freedom and the other the member nations which were in a po­ freedom to the individual human being trying to blot out freedom in Korea. sition to give assistance. and to the human spirit. Freedom is At the same time that the withdrawal That meant us. But it did not mean what we can off er and the Communists of our forces was being completed, the us exclusively. The British and the can never- offer. Congress faced the task of legislating a Dutch, also having forc_es in that general We must conceive of freedom not as a basis for our policy to make a going area, joined with the United States in negative thing-not as simply an absence nation out of the Republic of Korea. Up carrying out the principles of the Char­ of restraint. In Matthew Arnold's to that time policy making in Korea had ter. Offers of assistance were also made phrase-"freedom is a goode horse, but been exclusively in executive hands. TVer for services rendered the Army of tP.e and Civil Service. Report pursuant to House Mr. WALTER: Committee on the Judiciary. United Stat.es; with amendment (Rept. No. Resolution 114, Eighty-first Congress. Reso­ S. 1792. An act for the relief of Thomas Ni­ 2·451). Referred to the Committee of tp.e lution authorizing and directing the Com­ cholas Epiphaniades and Wanda Julia Epi­ Whole House. · mittee on Post Office and Civil Service to con­ phaniades; with amendment (Rept. No. Mr. FRAZIER: Committee on the Judici­ duct thorough studies and investigations re­ 2440). Referred to the Committee of the ary. H. R. 5981. A bill for the relief of lating to matters coming within the juris­ Whole House. Clayborne V. Wagley; without amendment diction of such committee under rule XI (1) Mr. WALTER: Committee on the Judiciary, (Rept. No. 2462). Referred to the Commit­ (e) of the ~ules of the House of Representa­ S. 1869. An act for the relief of Marcantonio tee of the Whole House. tives; without amendment (Rept. No. 2457). Doria d'Angri and his wife, Sonia Stampa. Mr. LANE: Committee ·on the Judiciary. Referred to the Committee of the Whole Doria d'Angri; without amendment (Rept. H. R. 6095. A bill for the relief of Univer­ House on the State of the Union. No. 2441). Referred to the Committee of sal Corp., James Stewart Corp., ·and James Mr. ENGLE of California: Committee on the Whole House. Stewart & Co., Ine.; w.ith amendment (Rept. Public Lands. H. R. 7059. A bill to create a. Mr. WALTER: Committee on the Judiciary. No. 2463) . Referred to the Committee of National Cemetery Commission for the con­ S. 2231. An act for the relief of Marco the Whole House. solidation of national cemetery activities Murolo, and his wife, Romana Pellis Murolo; Mr. KEATING: Committee on the Judici­ within one civilian commission, and for other without amendment (Rept. No. 2442) . Re­ ary. H. R. 7921. A bill for the relief of purposes; with amendment (Rept. No. 2458). ferred to the Committee of the Whole House. Eva T. Ross; without amendment (Rept. No. Referred to the Committee of the Whole Mr. WALTER: Committee on the Judiciary. 2.464). Referred to the Committee of the House on the State of the Union. S. 2243. An act for the relief of Tevfik Kami! Whole House. Mr. HART: Committee on Merchant Ma­ Kutay; with amendment (Rept, No. 2443). Mr. BYRNE of New York: Committee on rine and Fisheries. H. R. 7954. ·A bill to Referred to the Committee of the Whole the Judiciary. H. R. 8929. A bill for the authorize the commercial operation of cer­ House. relief of Vincent F. Leslie; with amendment tain vessels on the Great Lakes; with amend­ Mr. WALTER: Committee on the Judiciary. · (Rept. No. 2465). Referred to the Commit­ ment (Rept. No. 2459). Referred to the Com­ S. 2349. An act for the relief of Ho Paak­ tee of the Whole House. mittee of the Whole House on the State of Sui; witho·ut amendment (Rept. No. 2444). the Union. Referred to the Committee of the Whole Mr. BYRNE of New York: Committee on House. PUBLIC BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS the Judiciary. H. R. 6606. A bill to provide Mr. WALTER: Committee on the Judiciary. Under clause 3 of rule XXII, public that the district judge for the eastern,· mid­ S. 2462. An act for the relief of Ruzina bills and resolutions were introduced and dle, and western districts of Pennsylvania Skalova; without amendment (Rept. No. severally referred as follows: shall become a district judge for the middle 2445) . Referred to the Committee of the district of Pennsylvania alone when the first Whole House. By Mrs. BOSONE: vacancy occurs in that district ; without Mr. WALTER: Committee on the Judiciary. H. R. 9014. A bill to authorize the construc­ amendment (Rept. No. 2466). Referred to S. 2575. An act for the relief of 'Yayoko tion, operation, and maintenance of.the Colo­ the Committee of the Whole House on the Kobayashi and June Kobayashi, and for other rado River storage project and of certain State of t h e Union. purposes; without amendment (Rept. No. other reclamation projects, and for other Mr. CELLER: Committee on the Judiciary. purposes; to the Committee on Public Lands. H. R. 8763. A bill to amend the Clayton Act 2446). Referred to the Committee of the By Mr. COMBS: wit h respect to the recovery of triple dam­ :Whole House. H. R. 9015. A bill granting the consent of ages under the antitrust laws, and for other Mr. WALTER: Committee on the Judiciary. the Congress to the negotiat ion of a compact purposes; with amendment (Rept. No. 2467). S. 2662. An act for the relief of Evzen relating to the waters of the Sabine River Referred to the Committee of the Whole Syrovatka and his wife; without amendment by the States of------· Texas, and Louisiana; House on the State of the Union. (Rept. No. 2447). Referred to the Committee to the Committee on Public Lands. Mr. JONES of Alabama: Committee on the of the Whole House. By Mr. DENTON: District of Columbia. H. R. 7670. A bill to Mr. WALTER: Committee on the Judiciary. H. R. 9016. A bill to provide for the elim­ regulate the height, exter1or design, and con­ S. 2682. An act for the relief of Naum ination of the erosion of the banks of the structjon of private and semipublic build­ Ionescu and his wife; without amendment Ohio River in the vicinity of Mount ·vernon, ings in the Georgetown area of the National (Rept. No. 2448). Referred to the Committee Ind.; to the Committee on Public Works. Capital; with amendment (Rept. No. 2468). of the Whole House. ~ By Mr. HAGEN: Referred to the Committee of the Whole Mr. WALTER: Committee on the Judiciary. H. R..9017. A bill to promote the rehab111- House on the State of the Union. B. 2735. An act for the relief of Mrs. Vernon tation of the bands of Chippewa Indians in Mr . McMILLAN of South Carolina: Com­ B. Rasmussen; without amendment (Rept. the State of Minnesota, located on the Red mittee on t he District of Columbia. H. R. No. 2449). Referred to the Committee of the Lake, White Earth, Greater Leech Lake, Bois 8909. A bill to authorize the District of :Whole House. Fort or Nett Lake, Mille Lac, Fon du Lac, 1950 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 9629

Grand Portage, and Vermillion Lake Indian By Mr. O'KONSKI: DESIGNATION OF ACTING P~ESIDENT ~eservations, and for other purposes; to the H. R. 9034. A bill for tlie relief of Ryma. PRO TEMPORE - Committee on Public Lands. Adele Zilinskaite; to the Committee on the By Mr. VINSON: Judiciary. The legislative clerk read the follow· H. R. 9018. A bill to provide that personnel ing letter: of the Reserve components of the Army of PETITIONS, ETC. UNITED STATES f:iENATE, the United States· and the Air Force of the PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE, United States shall have common Federal ap­ Under clause 1 of rule XXII, petitions Washington, D. C., July 1, 1950. pointments or enlistments as reserves in their and papers were laid on the Clerk's desk To the Senate: respective services, to equalize disability and referred as follows: I appoint Hon. CARL HAYDEN, a Senator benefits applicable to such personnel, and from the State of Arizona, to perform the du. for other purposes; to the Committee on 2237. By Mr. GOODWIN: Resolutions me­ ties of the Chair. Armed Services. morializing Congress to take immediate ac­ KENNETH MCKELLAR, H. R. 9019. A bill to provide for a Reserve tion to prevent the complete liquidation of President pro tempore. omcers' Training Corps, and for other pur­ the shipbuilding industry in Massachusetts; poses; to the Committee on Armed Services. to the Committee on Merchant Marine and Thereupon Mr. HAYDEN took the chair By Mr. BIEMILLER: · Fisheries. as Acting President pro tempore. H. R. 9020. A bill to amend the Hatch Act; 2238. By Mr. MILLER of Maryland: Reso­ to the Committee on House Administration. lution of Dorchester Unit, No. 91, American THE JOURNAL By Mr. CELLER: Legion Auxiliary, Cambridge, Md., opposing On request of Mr. LUCAS, and by unani­ H. R. 9021. A b111 to provide for the ap­ any form of compulsory health insurance or pointment and compensation of an Assistant any system of political medicine designed mous consent, the reading of the Journal Solicitor General and two assistants to the for national bureaucratic control; to the of the proceedings of Friday, June 30, Solicitor General; to the Committee on the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Com­ · 1950, was dispensed with. Judiciary. merce. MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE By Mr. JOHNSON: 2239. By Mr. RICH: Resolution of Lycoming H. R. 9022. A bill to provide for the es­ County Medical Society, Williamsport, Pa., A message from the House of Repre­ tablishment of summer training installations in opposition to Reorganization Plan No. 27 to offer basic mllita.ry training for certain sentatives, by Mr. Swanson, one of its of 1950; to the Committee on Expenditures reading clerks, announced that the civilian volunteers, and for other purposes; in the Executive Departments. to the Committee on Armed Services. 2240. By the SPEAKER: Petition of Carlton House had agreed to the report of the By Mr. McCORMACK: Skinner, Governor, Guam, Marianas Islands, committee of conference on the disa­ H. R. 9023. A bill to amend the Hatch Act; greeing votes of the two Houses on the to the Committee on House Administration. transmitting Guam Congress Resolution 5, By Mrs. WOODHOUSE: relative to expressing its deep grief and sor­ amendment of the Senate to the bill H. R. 9024. A bill to amend the Hatch Act; row at the untimely death of Representa­ to authorize the composi­ MEMORIALS the complete liquidation of the shipbuilding tion of the Army of the United States Under clause 3 of rule XXII, memorials industry in Massachusetts; to the Committee and the Air Force of the United States, were presented and ref erred as follows: on Merchant Marine and Fisheries. and for other purposes. By the SPEAKER: Memorial of the Legls- . The message further announced that lature ot the State of Massachusetts, request­ the House had agreed to the report of ing immediate action to prevent the com­ the committee of conference on the dis· plete liquidation of the shipbuilding indus­ SENATE agreeing votes of the two Houses on the try in Massachusetts; to the Committee on amendments of the Senate to the bill Merchant Marine and Fisheries. SATURDAY, JULY 1, 1950