Conflict on Water Resource Utilization for Agricultural Activities at Keshiary Block of Paschim Medinipur in West Bengal, India
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JAC : A Journal Of Composition Theory ISSN : 0731-6755 Conflict on Water Resource Utilization for Agricultural Activities at Keshiary Block of Paschim Medinipur in West Bengal, India Niranjan Manna Research Scholar, Dept. of Geography, C.M.J. University, Jorabat, Meghalaya, India. Dr.Harsha Kumar Das Gupta Research Guide, Dept. of Geography, C.M.J. University, Jorabat, Meghalaya, India. Abstract: The source of water in the globe is restricted to a limit. The people use it in many ways like irrigation, industry, domestic, sports etc. But the main issue is the balance between water and consumption. As Kehsiary the study area is located at Paschim Medinipur. The geology, relief, drainage, climate, soil and vegetation are the vital determination of land use pattern controlled by physical and socio-economic factor. At Keshiary geology has both direct and indirect effect on land use. The basic land utilization depends on water resource. The laterite occupied Paschim Medinipur in north and west, but in the south and east ordinary alluvium of Gangetic delta predominates. As to that reason the presence of ground water varies in places. Keywords: Alluvium, Ground water, Irrigation, Land use pattern, Land utilization, Introduction As the relief is the exposition of surface configuration, the attribute of relief determines the capability of land use and related water use. As per report of the Geological survey of India, the classification are as follows: - Period Epoch Soil Characteristics Quaternary Recent to sub Pleistocene New alluvium consisting of sand with some silt and clay, older alluvium containing sand, clay, yellow clay calcareous nodules, Late rites and Lateritic gravels. Tertiary Mio - Pliocene Sand, gravel. clay, siltstone, gritty, ferruginous, sandstone, coarse, yellow sandstone with clay at bases Source: Geological survey of India. In Keshiary block major five types land forms has found as per classifications of Davidson's method. The source of ground water and irrigation scope is limited. To get good economic output combination of soil assessment and supply of water for irrigation without any social and political bias, those stated outlook may only can make Keshiary greener. Characterized by high lands and consists of alternative ridges and depressions and undulating lateritic surfaces. It is a part of the eastern fringe of the Chotonagpur plateau which is formed with laterite. The land slope has from north-west to south-east part. The upland area is Volume XII, Issue XII, DECEMBER 2019 Page No: 1579 JAC : A Journal Of Composition Theory ISSN : 0731-6755 characterized by dry, non-arable lateritic soil character which is very much unsuitable for habitation and cultivation. Location of the Study Area The study area, Keshiary Block, lies between 22 o07´23.9´´N and 22 o12´N latitude and between 87 o14´03´´E and 87 o23´E longitude, covering an area of 292.09 Km 2 and contains a volume of 149,260 population as per 2011 Census. The Block is bounded by Kharagpur-I CD Block in the north, Narayangarh CD Block in the east, Dantan-I and Nayagram CD Blocks in the South and Sankrail CD Block in the west. It has 1 Panchayat Samity, 9 Gram Panchayat, 110 Gram Sansads, 220 Mouzas and 202 inhabited villages. Keshiary police station serves this Block. Headquarters of this CD Block is at Keshiary. The area is characterized by high lands and consist of alternative ridges and depressions and undulating lateritic surfaces. It is a part of the eastern fringe of the Chotonagpur plateau which is formed with laterite. The land slope from north-west to south-east part. The upland area is characterized by dry, non-arable lateritic soil character which is very much unsuitable for habitation and cultivation. Objectives The main objectives for conflict on water resource utilization in this study area of Paschim Medinipur are given below 1. To make people aware for proper utilization of water at every sphere of life without waste 2. To use suitable seeds for cultivation, those require less water to survive 3. To store rain water for use in dry seasons 4. To clean the water storing ponds, dug wells, oxbow lakes, old river beds, old channels, for the use in dry season 5. To aware people to stop disposing solid and liquid wastes in water bodies etc. Methodology This study to be done on the basis of intensive visit of study area for primary data, extensive literature review, experimental documentary analysis, field observation, different journals, different Govt. report as secondary data, etc. The basic softwares are Arc GIS, Global Mapper, and Geometica etc. This study will be analyzed by the trend of LUP and also NBSS report on soil. IMD reports should be taken in account to evaluate the changing trends of water bodies and soil. The steps of scientific research measures or actions will be taken to achieve the solutions of problems. For the above noted text the research work will mainly depend of various type of data i.e. primary, secondary, statistical analysis, comparative study of various GIS imagery as a proof of evidence. The physical information generally mean information relating to things that can be seen, heard or touched. Volume XII, Issue XII, DECEMBER 2019 Page No: 1580 JAC : A Journal Of Composition Theory ISSN : 0731-6755 NOTECAM PHOTO OF KESHIARY BLOCK Sl. Name of the Lat. & Notecam No. Panchayat Long. Photo 1 22.1202 Santrapur 87.2635 2 22.0820 Nachipur 87.2125 3 22.0804 Lalua 87.2602 4 22.2014 Khajra 87.2578 5 22.1222 Keshiary 87.2368 6 22.1319 Baghasty 87.2048 7 22.1349 Kusumpur 87.2404 Volume XII, Issue XII, DECEMBER 2019 Page No: 1581 JAC : A Journal Of Composition Theory ISSN : 0731-6755 8 22.0993 Gaganeswar 87.2411 9 22.2209 Ghritagram 87.2455 Physical Setup of the Study Area To consider the physical set up of Paschim Medinipur, many agencies and departments analyses the location from different standpoint. But the basic findings of NATMO, GSI and state government administrations tried to find out various evidences and established many findings. Keshiary block of Paschim Medinipur is linked with Chotonagpur plateau and had many high grade of metamorphism as evidence. Abundance of granite and sillimanite, the charnockite shows intrusive relationship towards the khondalite and has itself undergone post-magnetic changes such as albitisation and myrmekitistation as described by H.Crookshank. The charnockite have also formed hybrid gentries with the khondalite and sometimes with other ancient gneisses. Singhbhum in southern Bihar and south of the main thrust zone, the rocks are little metamorphosed. Two lesser zone of thrust are found farther worth one along boarder of Dalma lavas in southern Manbhum. The older Metamorphic consist of a group of metamorphic rocks including hornblende, schist, Quartzite, Quartz-schist, Micaceous and chloritic schist which have been highly folded and eroded before the deposition of the Iron- ore series. These are extended up to Paschim Medinipur having one impact of the basal formation of Paschim Medinipur with a profound unconformity. The Midnapur area of Bengal is continuous with Dhalbhum. The gneisses and schist similar to those found in Midnapur also this is known as Bengal gneiss. In the formation of “Bengal Delta” the total geological and physiographic set up is related with each other. The successions are changed and deformed in different geological ages. Also the impact of river erosion and deposits formed the locations like Debagram, Pandua, Ranaghat, Matla, Memarei, Burdwan, Kopili, Sihet, Jalangi, Ghatal, Bolpur etc. are formed in geological ages. So Keshiary block is only and administrative boundary. In the modification of structure, we find various evidences from lower Paleocene to upper Eocene. The foundation of Bengal basin or deltas of Ganga mud Brahmaputra and also the shilling plateau was under the sea in upper Cretaceous age and gradually formed the sel. Thus, to make a critical formation of the Paschim Medinipur is not an isolated geology and physiography. The total central and eastern foundations are linked with each other. The Volume XII, Issue XII, DECEMBER 2019 Page No: 1582 JAC : A Journal Of Composition Theory ISSN : 0731-6755 characteristics are inter related and inter dependent. Thus, we find a typical setup in Midnaprur, Keshiary block is a part of it. As with land use capability or suitability perspective, positive outlook and frame work to be taken for action. To have the ultimate financial return, soil to be classified on variations. All projects using the scheme and categories land use on the following beds. In Keshiary it should be classified as: i) Highest level at irrigation suitability ii) Intermediate suitability iii) Lowest suitability iv) A special use class such as orchard cultivation. v) A special class of land which requires further irrigation vi) Unsuitable for irrigation. In Keshiary block all these five types of lands are available with possibilities for more economic viability. i) Highly suitable for irrigation with negligible obstacles, Topography is flat soils are well drained, of moderate permeability, and are deep, medium textured with good available water capability like- Baghasty, Lalua and Ghritagram Gram Panchayat ii) Suitable for irrigation with slight obstacles such as undulating topography, moderately well drained soils, moderately slow or moderately rapid permeability or moderate depth of soil, in Santrapur and Keshiary gram Panchayat iii) Moderately suitable for irrigation with moderate obstacles such as easy rolling topography, imperfect or somewhat excessively drained soils, slow or rapid permeability or shallow soils G.P. - Nachipur, Kusumpur iv) Marginally suitable for irrigation with severe obstacles such as rolling topography, poorly or excessively drained soils, very slow or very rapid permeability or very shallow soils G.P. - Khajra v) Unsuitable for normal irrigation with very severe obstacles in topography. G.P.- Kusumpur.