Supporting Human Rights and Social Participation of Women in Remote Areas in Fiji Supporting Human Rights and Social Participation of Women in Remote Areas in Fiji
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Rapid Assessment of Perceptions Supporting human rights and social participation of women in remote areas in Fiji Supporting human rights and social participation of women in remote areas in Fiji. This project is funded by European Commission and implemented by Live & Learn Environmental Education. Written by: Karen Boseiwaqa Edited by: Morena Rigamoto, Makelesi Batimala, and Kath Angus Photographs by: Vasiti Qionimacawa, Vesi Boladuadua, Makereta Takalaivuna and Alex Wilson Design by: Live & Learn Environmental Education Live & Learn Environmental Education – Fiji 52 Imthurn Road, Domain Private Mail Bag Suva, Fiji Tel: +679 3315 868 Fax: +679 3305 868 Email: [email protected] www.livelearn org This publication has been produced with the assistance of the European Union. The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of Live & Learn Environmental Education and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the European Union. Rapid Assessment of Perceptions Supporting human rights and social participation of women in remote areas in Fiji Contents Executive Summary ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 1 Introduction �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 3 Background ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 4 Background of provinces and communities ���������������������������������������������������������������� 4 Rapid assessment of perceptions ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 6 Methodology ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 6 Research findings ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 7 RAP findings ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 8 Summary of recommendations ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 18 Conclusion �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 21 Limitations of the research ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 21 Resources ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 22 ANNEX: RAP tools ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 23 Acknowledgements The Live & Learn team in Fiji would like to thank all community members that responded to this research. Special thanks are extended to members of the following communities: Naria Settlement – Ra Malake Village – Ra Naganivatu Village – Naitasiri Nakalawaca Village – Tailevu Veinuqa Village – Tailevu Nagadoa Village – Bua Nubu Village – Macuata Vuya Village – Bua Nacereyaga Village – Macuata Nukui Village – Rewa Tubeirata Village – Nadroga We are also grateful for the support received from the Ministry of Regional Development and Provincial Development. Thank you to the Provincial and District Administrators for understanding the nature of this research and allowing the team the opportunity to facilitate this research with members of the local community. Executive summary Supporting human rights and social participation of 4. The limited access to resources and basic services. women in remote areas in Fiji is a three-year project The RAP revealed that the limited access to resources funded by the European Union. and basic services burden women with extra responsibilities such as making long and frequent trips The project seeks to build broad-based public demand for to resources (i.e. water sources) and long, expensive democracy and human rights by strengthening women’s trips to services such as medical centres; groups and organizations and in turn creating more effective forums through which women can voice their opinions. 5. The concerns of security for women. Women’s safety in the communities, as the report indicates, is The Rapid Assessment of Perceptions (RAP) is the initial threatened in the absence of their husbands whether phase of the project. The RAP is facilitated to ensure that it be in their own communities or outside; and the project design is drawn from ‘where target groups are’ and responds to the needs, values and aspirations of those 6. The aspirations of women. The research disclosed groups. that the respondents aspire to an improved status within the community and a higher standard of The focus of this report is on social participation of women in wellbeing for their families, particularly their children. remote communities in Fiji and draws on initial perceptions of human rights and democracy within the communities. In light of these RAP findings, the following recommendations were made: Key findings documented in this report relate to issues in remote communities on: 1. The difference in respondents’ perceptions of human rights and democracy, strongly suggests that human 1. The level of understanding of human rights and rights education is essential to improving the level democracy. The research showed that most of the of understanding of, and demand for, human rights respondents failed to comprehend the two concepts. throughout the communities; Once understood, the elders saw them as challenging the traditional system whereas the younger generation 2. The action should also consider incorporating welcomed them as openings which allow for young good governance trainings and supporting actions people to actively participate in village meetings and that promote good governance. In light of this, activities; recommendations would include leadership and life skills capacity-building for target communities; 2. The status of women. According to the RAP, women are perceived to be at the bottom of the hierarchy of 3. When developing community-based initiatives, the traditional status system in the communities; it is consideration should be given to the responsibilities commonly the men’s voice that carries weight and is and activities of both women and men; heard in final decisions; 4. The action should critically focus on encouraging 3. The Division of Labor between Men and Women. and raising the status of ‘powerless’ women within According to the RAP, men’s activities are centered on rural communities; earning an income for the family and bringing food from 5. The action should promote the protection of women the farm or the sea. Women’s responsibilities, on the and the safeguarding of their interests; and other hand, include caring for children and the elderly, cooking, washing, buying/collecting food, fetching 6. The action should be carried out in collaboration water and looking after the house; with the media, particularly the radio. 1 2 Introduction “ In developing areas dominated by non-Western Nicholl Rae (faculty at the University of the South Pacific) culture, women remain more or less subjugated reported that women make up 49 percent of the total and in some countries they are stripped of any population in Fiji3. The same report showed that female human rights.”1 literacy rate in Fiji is 91 percent (95 percent for men) yet women’s role in decision-making at the highest level In the report The Condition of Women in Developing and is minimal4. Developed Countries, the author states that, “[e]xploitation and abuse of women, including outright violence, are This research (of aspirations and perceptions) was acceptable in countries where women have an inferior conducted in remote communities in Fiji. social status by customary or formal law.”2 This report aims to: Women and children across the globe have commonly • Highlight community understanding of the terms been the target for aid and support in recognition of the ‘democracy’ and ‘human rights’. vulnerable positions that they hold in society. • Identify ways of mobilizing women in rural and In the Pacific, particularly Melanesia, societies are remote areas. predominately patriarchal. We see threats and signs that cripple the dignity and status of women in our • Explore ways to strengthen the capacity of women societies, especially those in rural and remote in communities to educate and advocate for human communities where women play a subordinate rights and democracy. role in community development. 1 Cohen, M. 2006 ‘The Condition of Women in Developing and 3 Rae, N. 2006 ‘Electing Women to Parliament: Fiji and the Developed Countries’, The Independent Institute. Viewed alternative vote electoral system’ Pacific Journalism Review 31 August, 2011 <www.independent.org> 12 (1) p. 8 2 ibid. 4 ibid. 3 Background The Supporting human rights and social participation Malake Village (Ra) for women in remote areas in Fiji project is funded by Malake Village is located on an island, which is about a the European Union, through the Europe Instrument for 15-minute boat ride from the northern coast of Viti Levu. Democracy and Human Rights (EIDHR). The total village