Habitos Alimentarios De Sigara Lateralis (Heteroptera, Corixidae)

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Habitos Alimentarios De Sigara Lateralis (Heteroptera, Corixidae) HABITOS ALIMENTARIOS DE SIGARA LATERALIS (HETEROPTERA, CORIXIDAE) Murillo, J. & Recasens, L., 1986. Hábitos alimentarios de Sigara lateralis (Heteroptera, Corixi- dae). Misc. Zool., 10: 135-140. Feeding habits of Sigara lateralis (Heteroptera, Corixidae).- Feeding habits of adult Sigara latera- lis taken from the Llobregat river Delta (Catalunya, N.E. Spain) have been studied through fee- ding experiments and behavioral observations in laboratory. During feeding experiments S. latera- lis prefers dead aquatic insect larvae and small living Crustacea, but when starved it can also hunt live insect larvae. Extintion ratios of one S. lateralis population kept with algae and another having no food available were similar, on the contrary, two populations fed with live and dead insect lar- vae, respectively, lived more days. S. lateralis is, thus, mainly a zoophagus species. Key words: Feeding, Predation, Aquatic Heteroptera, Corixidae, Sigara lateralis. (Rebut: 13-IX-85) J. Murillo & L. Recasens, Dept. dlEcologia, Fac. de Biologia, Univ. de Barcelona, Avgda. Diago- nal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Espanya. A pesar de las dificultades que entraña la falta Ejemplares adultos de S. lateralis fueron cap- de-sólidos reconocibles en los contenidos es- turados en julio de 1985 en un canal abando- tomacales de los heterópteros acuáticos, la nado, situado en el delta del Río Llobregat, dieta y las preferencias alimentarias de algu- de 50 m de longitud, 1 m de anchura y una nas familias, y especialmente de diversas es- profundidad máxima de 30 cm. El fondo del pecies de Notonecta son ampliamente conoci- canal era de naturaleza arenosa y presentaba das (ELLIS& BORDEN,1970; FOX,1975; Fox síntomas de anoxia, habiendo además en sus & MURDOCH,1978; ZALOM,1978; GILLER& aguas gran cantidad de fitoplancton. En una MCNEILL,1981; SIH, 1981, 1982; etc.). Sin de las orillas destacaba la presencia de Phrag- embargo, en la familia Corixidae, el régimen mites sp., observándose una dominancia de alimenticio de la mayoría de las especies ha Heterocypris salina y Sigara lateralis en la co- sido poco estudiado, habiéndose realizado munidad animal acuática, además de una pre- únicamente algunos trabajos (JANSSON,1969; sencia minoritaria de larvas de otros grupos JANSSON& SCUDDER, 1972; REYNOLDS,1975; de insectos. La temperatura del agua a las BACONYI,1978), encaminados a conocer su 17 h, cuando se realizó el muestreo, era de dieta. 3S°C, el pH 8,94 y la conductividad de 36900 En este trabajo mediante pruebas de ape- uslcm. tencia y observaciones de conducta, se pre- La captura se realizó con una red triangular senta una primera aproximación a los hábitos de 180 um de poro. Una vez separados los alimentarios de Sigara lateralis, uno de los ejemplares de S. lateralis, se transportaron al Corixidae más comunes en las aguas eutrófi- laboratorio en bidones de plástico opaco de cas de toda Europa. 50 1de capacidad. Experimento 1 lavadas y hervidas en agua destilada durante 30 minutos. Una de las cubetas se llenó con Los ejemplares de S. lateralis se colocaron in- diez 1. de agua del canal de origen, tamizada dividualmente en recipientes de plástico opa- a través de un filtro de 180 pm. Se introduje- co, a temperatura ambiente, con 100 m1 de ron 40 ejemplares de S. lateralis una vez que agua preparada artificialmente, disolviendo en el fondo de la cubeta se había formado una cloruro sódico hasta una conductividad simi- capa de algas y materia orgánica. lar a la del agua de origen (35000 pslcm). La Las restantes cubetas se llenaron con diez abundante presencia de algas en el agua del 1. de agua preparada artificialmente, introdu- canal, impidió filtrarla y usarla en el experi- ciéndose en cada una de ellas 40 ejemplares mento. En el fondo de cada recipiente se co- de S. lateralis, alimentándose una de las cube- locaron piedras previamente lavadas y hervi- tas con macroinvertebrados vivos (larvas de das en agua destilada 30 minutos, para servir Culex sp. y Cloeon sp.), otra con macroinver- de sustrato de anclaje a los coríxidos. Para tebrados muertos, dejando la última en ayu- medir la respuesta respecto a las diferentes no permanente como control. Se estudiaron presas, se siguió el criterio de REYNOLDS las tasas de extinción de las diferentes pobla- (1975), considerando la respuesta como posi- ciones de S. lateralis, comparándose poste- tiva sólo cuando la presa permanecía más de riormente las curvas. Paralelamente se reali- 10 segundos en poder de S. lateralis. zaron observaciones sobre las pautas genera- Para normalizar las condiciones fisiológi- les de conducta. cas de los coríxidos, se les mantuvo 24 horas en ayuno antes de realizar las pruebas. Este Experimento 3 período de ayuno demostró ser insuficiente, teniendo que ampliarse a 48 horas. Éste era Dos pequeñas poblaciones de 20 ejemplares también el períoda de aclimatación a los reci- de S. lateralis se mantuvieron en ayuno 48 y pientes donde se realizaban las pruebas. La 96 horas respectivamente, en cubetas opacas prueba se realizó con 195 ejemplares. con 5 1. de agua preparada artificialmente, Se ofreció a cada uno de los ejemplares de dándoles macroinvertebrados vivos (larvas S. lateralis una presa (adultos de Daphnia sp. de Culex sp. y Cloeon sp.) al finalizar el perío- o Heterocypris sp. y larvas de Culex sp. o do de ayuno, observándose su respuesta. Cloeon sp.) viva, o muerta cinco minutos an- tes de la realización del experimento median- te inmersión en agua hirviendo. Se ofrecieron RESULTADOS también ejemplares de Cloeon y Culex, muertos por el procedimiento anterior cinco Experimento 1 horas antes de la realización del experimento y dejados desde su muerte en agua destilada. Las pruebas de apetencia dieron como princi- Todas las presas se recolectaron en un estan- pal resultado la preferencia por macroinver- que artificial situado dentro del recinto de la tebrados muertos (Cloeon y Culex), especial- Facultad de Biología. mente por los ejemplares que habían muerto La respuesta del coríxido era observada cinco horas antes de realizarse el experimen- hasta la captura de la presa, o bien durante un to. También, y aunque en menor proporción, máximo de 45 minutos después de la intro- S. lateralis capturó pequeños crustáceos vivos ducción de ésta. (Daphnia y Heterocypris) (tabla 1). Tanto para crustáceos muertos como para macroin- Experimento 2 vertebrados vivos, no hubo capturas, aunque con estos últimos se observaron intentos de Se dispusieron cuatro cubetas de plástico ataque que no fructificaron. Se observó el opaco con un fondo de piedras previamente comportamiento descrito por REYNOLDS (1975) en diferentes especies de Cenocorixa, tenidos en ayuno 48 horas, no se produjeron de frotamiento del abdomen con el tercer par capturas en los 15 primeros minutos de obser- de patas cuando estaban comiendo o antes de vación. Los que llevaban 96 horas en ayuno atacar una presa. atacaron las presas inmediatamente y, en al- gunos casos, cuandos éstas eran de tamaño grande, en grupos de dos o tres. La presa era Tabla 1. Resultados del experimento 1: 1. Número to- tal de pruebas realizadas; 2. Número de pruebas con siempre comida en el fondo de la cubeta. En captura; (%) Porcentaje de experimentos con captu- observaciones posteriores se detectó que los ra; *Animalesmuertos cinco horas antes de realizarse coríxidos cuando morían eran atacados por el experimento. otros coespecímenes vivos. Reactions of adult S. lateralis during experiment 1 : l. Total number of trials; 2. Number of trials with cap- S. lateralis en cautividad, mostró una clara ture; % Percentatge of trials with capture; *Animals tendencia al vuelo, saliendo del agua antes dead five hours before the experiment. del inicio de la puesta del sol. Esta tendencia era independiente de la luz, dado que se pro- Presa 1 2 % ducía tanto cuando se mantenía a los coríxi- dos en la oscuridad como totalmente ilumina- Daphnia sp. vivos dos. Daphnia sp. muertos Heterocypris sp. vivos Heterocypris sp. muertos Culex sp. vivos Culex sp. muertos Culex sp. muertos (*) Cloeon sp. vivos Cloeon sp. muertos Cloeon sp. muertos (*) 100 200 300 400 horas - Experimento 2 Las cubetas preparadas para estudiar las tasas de extinción dieron resultados diferentes. Por un lado, tanto la población que había queda- do en ayuno permanente como la que estaba en la cubeta con presencia de algas y materia orgánica se extinguieron en un plazo de 12 días (fig. la.). Por el contrario, las que eran alimentadas con macroinvertebrados vivos o 100 200 300 400 muertos, tenían aún el 23% y el 27% de las horas - respectivas poblaciones iniciales 19 días des- pués de iniciarse la experiencia (fig. lb). Fig. 1. Tasas de extinción de la poblaciones (experi- mento 2): A. Población en ayuno (-) y población mantenida en la cubeta con algas y materia orgánica (----);B. Población alimentada con macroinvertebra- Experimento 3 dos muertos (-) y con macroinvertebrados vivos (---- ). Las dos poblaciones de 20 ejemplares de S. Populations extintion ratios (in experiment 2): A. lateralis dieron resultados diferentes al intro- Starved population (-) and population fed with algae organic matter (----);B. Population fed with dead ma- ducir en la cubeta larvas de Culex y Cloeon. croinvertebrates (-) and with living macroinvertebra- En la cubeta que contenía los coríxidos man- tes (----). S. lateralis parece ser únicamente capaz de realizar un salto cuantitativo en el esfuerzo necesario para capturar grandes presas cuan- Los métodos empleados en el estudio de pre- do se encuentra suficientemente hambrienta ferencias en alimentación, han sido clásica- y no tiene otro tipo de presa a su disposición. mente descripciones de contenidos gástricos, Esto vendría confirmado por la falta de dife- pruebas de apetencia y observaciones de con- rencias en las curvas de extinción de las po- ducta, además de añadirse, últimamente, el blaciones alimentadas con macroinvertebra- estudio de contenidos digestivos por métodos dos vivos y muertos. electroforéticos y serológicos (PECKARSKY, El tiempo de supervivencia de la pobla- 1984).
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