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THE JEPSON GLOBE a Newsletter from the Friends of the Jepson Herbarium

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THE JEPSON GLOBE a Newsletter from the Friends of the Jepson Herbarium THE JEPSON GLOBE A Newsletter from the Friends of The Jepson Herbarium VOLUME 19 NUMBER 1, May 2008 Curator’s Column: California’s Evolutionary Diversification of Amazing Hawaiian Flora the California Clarkias by Bruce G. Baldwin by Kathleen Kay In the last decade, systematic I am just completing a one-year studies have shown that a surprising National Parks Ecological Research diversity of western North American Postdoctoral Fellowship under the di- flowering plants gave rise to import- rection of Jepson Curator and Integra- ant elements of Hawaii’s native flora. tive Biology Professor Bruce Baldwin. Tarweeds (Madia and relatives), sani- This fellowship program was funded cles (Sanicula), violets (Viola), hedge by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation nettles (Stachys), and, probably, cam- and administered by the National Park pions (Silene) are among the groups Foundation and the Ecological Society familiar to California botanists that of America with the purpose of expand- have spawned impressive radiations ing research into plants in the U.S. Na- of Hawaiian plants following ancient, tional Parks. This program has funded long-distance dispersal from North 20 fellows since 2000 studying a broad America. The idea that bird-mediated range of topics, such as the top-down dispersal of flowering plants could Willis Linn Jepson’s effects of wolves and large herbivores occur across such a vast oceanic bar- Field Books on the aspens of Yellowstone, the eco- rier (~3,500 km) was rejected by such physiology of invasive plants in Hawaii th eminent early 20 Century botanists Now Online! Volcanoes, and a survey of mosses and as Carl Skottsberg, as was the notion by Richard L. Moe lichens in Acadia. that highly distinctive Hawaiian gen- My study is focused on the era, such as those of the Hawaiian The University and Jepson evolutionary diversification of the silversword alliance (Argyr-oxiphium, Herbaria house, in addition to 2.2 mil- California clarkias, and I worked at Dubautia, and Wilkesia) and Hawaiian lion plant specimens, a great deal of various sites in Point Reyes National mints (Haplostachys, Phyllostegia, archival material related to the collec- Seashore and the Golden Gate National and Stenogyne), could have evolved tions. This material includes notebooks, Recreation Area, as well as a few sites since the rise of the modern high is- lists, photographs, maps, letters, and outside of these parks. This is a group lands of the Hawaiian chain. Instead, manuscripts. Most botanical collectors endemic Hawaiian genera were once maintain an account of the specimens Continued on page 2. widely perceived as relicts that came that they have collected in a field book. to be restricted to the islands by sub- Some field books are hardly more than ALSO IN THIS ISSUE sidence and submergence of ancient simple lists of numbers and names. continental connections between the Others are elaborate diaries that include New TJM2 treatments online islands (and those of French Polyne- detailed itineraries, descriptions of Digitizing Types, New Funding sia) to Asia, Australia, and even South surroundings, accounts of places and America (via Antarctica). Although people, and memoranda. Georeferencing, New Funding Continued on page 6. Continued on page 4. of approximately 40 annual plant in trade-offs between growth and repro- species, most of which are endemic to duction under both benign and drought TJM2 treatments posted the California Floristic Province. They conditions and how those trade-offs since December 2008 generally grow on well-drained slopes, relate to the climatic conditions where http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/jeps- have pretty pink flowers, and are one each species lives. This greenhouse onmanual/review/ of the last plants to flower as California project is a collaboration with Kjell dries up for the summer months, hence Bolmgren, a postdoctoral fellow in Agavaceae one of their common names, “farewell- Professor David Ackerly’s lab in Inte- Camassia, Hastingsia, Hespero- to-spring”. grative Biology. callis, Leucocrinum I have been interested in how The Jepson Herbarium has been Amaryllidaceae this group has diversified, both through a rewarding stop along my academic Amaryllis, Leucojum, Narcissus, the development of genetic barriers path, providing a friendly and collegial Pancratium among species and through adapting setting full of experts in all aspects of Anacardiaceae to a variety of habitats. Many closely plant biology. I came here after com- Malosma, Pistacia, Rhus, Schi- related plant species show differences in pleting my B.S. at UC Davis and my nus, Toxicodendron the arrangement of their chromosomes, Ph.D. at Michigan State University, and Caprifoliaceae and these differences generally confer now I’m leaving to start an assistant Lonicera, Symphoricarpos strong sterility barriers, but it is not well professorship at UC Santa Cruz, where Caryophyllaceae (entire family) understood how these different arrange- I will continue studying diversification Ceratophyllaceae ments get established in the first place. I processes in California plants. Ceratophyllum have been using Clarkia amoena from Cornaceae the California Coast Range, which Cornus has a lot of within-species variation in Ephedraceae chromosome arrangement, as a system Ephedra in which to examine the fitness conse- Menyanthaceae quences of rearrangements before they Menyanthes, Nymphoides become fixed between divergent spe- Nymphaeaceae cies. Across the genus Clarkia, species Nuphar, Nymphaea differ in their habitat affinity and their Ruscaceae life history strategies – their schedule Maianthemum of growth and flowering. To better Santalaceae understand these differences, I set up a Comandra greenhouse study of seventeen species Scheuchzeriaceae of Clarkia from all over California to Scheuchzeria examine genetically-based differences Greenhouse experiment Field site in Point Reyes Clarkia amoena from Point Reyes 2 New Funding for the Consortium of California Herbaria Global Biodiversity Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Information Facility The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation has generously funded the effort to database and image type specimens of vascular plants and cryp- In December 2007, the Con- togamic groups collected from around the world. The University and sortium of California Herbaria Jepson Herbaria will digitize type specimens from herbaria in northern received funding to georeference California (except the California Academy of Sciences) and Rancho Santa approximately 49,000 records from Anna Botanic Garden will digitize types from herbaria in southern Cali- collections in California and data- fornia. base approximately 8,800 specimens The first phase of funding provided to UC/JEPS will support of non-native plant taxa that are digitization of 7,500 Latin American types held in the collection. The data housed in the herbarium of the Cal- will become part of LAPI, the Latin American Plant Initiative, an interna- ifornia Department of Food and Ag- tional partnership of herbaria working to create a coordinated database riculture. The project titled “GBIF of information and images of the plants of Latin America. data content development from the http://www.huh.harvard.edu/collections/lapi.html Consortium of California Herbaria: The second phase of funding will support imaging of ~18,350 type Advancing the international effort specimens from UC/JEPS, DAV, and CHSC and databasing of ~12,850 to monitor and control non-native type specimens from North America (excluding California) and the rest taxa” began this spring. Records of the world (excluding South America). from all Consortium partners will be georeferenced at the Jepson Herbar- ium (northern California counties) and Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Gar- den (southern California counties). The goal of the project is to document the presence and proliferation of non-native species in California and aid international tracking of invasive alien species. The resulting data will be made available to GBIF and included in the Consortium of California Herbaria (CCH) which is currently serving approximately 960,000 New staff member Kelly Ag- new, Bioinformatics Specialist, specimen records from seventeen shown with a herb scanner, a institutions (http://ucjeps.berkeley. customized scanning device edu/consortium). Ultimately, these developed at Kew Gardens. data will aid our understanding Notably, specimens are not in- of the number and distribution of verted when scanned (above). non-native taxa in California and how those taxa relate to others worldwide. Isotype of Abarema commutata (Fabaceae), collected by Bassett Maguire, Celia K. Maguire, and G. Wilson-Browne on Sept. 4 1961. Plants of the southern Pakaraima Mountains, British Guiana (now Guyana). 3 Field Books, continued from page 1. Willis Jepson, who kept field contemporary political books from 1895 to 1940, recorded geography and social botanical, biographic, geographic, and history. historical observations in fairly great In general, the detail. Jepson used uniform octavo field books document volumes (filling more than 60), mostly collecting trips, but of about 200 lined pages. The pages are Jepson did not have a handwritten in ink in a fairly legible strict routine for his hand. accounts. Usually the The labels on the specimens accounts begin with a that Jepson prepared were transcribed brief description of the from the field books. The books, how- itinerary followed by an ever, have information pertinent to itemization of the plants specimens that the labels lack ⎯ infor- seen
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