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Green Stormwater Infrastructure (GSI)

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Green Stormwater Infrastructure (GSI) HOW DOES IT WORK? Green Stormwater Infrastructure (GSI) Program Overview and Annual Report 2013 What is GSI? WHAT IS GSI? Green stormwater infrastructure (GSI) mimics natural eco- logical function by cleaning, slowing, and/or reducing runoff close to where it falls as rain. GSI uses infiltration, evapora- tion, filtration or rainwater harvesting and reuse. When used in the public right-of-way (street and planting strip), GSI may 4 be referred to as “natural drainage 1 bioretentionsystems.” (like rain gardens) GSI projects are designed to fit 2 within permeable/porous a broader, integrat pavement- 3 ed network of drainage systems 3 that green function roofs at the block 5 scale, neighborhood scale and city/regional scale. GSI 6 1 elements may be paired with conventional 4 urban canopy “gray” cover infrastruc- 2 ture, like underground pipes, tanks, and pumps, and can 5 rainwater harvesting (like cisterns) WHAT IS GSI? be designed to support urban livability goals like pedestrian safety. GSI also helps ensure our 6 urban soil building drainage (like mulch systems + compost) can adapt to climate changes, like more severe or more 7 biofiltration 1 frequent storms. 4 Where is GSI used? 1 bioretention (like rain gardens) Seattle’s Stormwater Code 1 requires developers 2 to use 3 GSI 4 5 6 7 “to the maximum extent feasible” to manage stormwater 2 permeable/porous pavement 3 runoff. The Code defines right-of-way and parcel thresh- olds and also outlines which types of projects to use. Some 3 green roofs 5 GSI technologies, such as rain gardens, cannot be used in 6 1 urban canopy cover places with steep slopes, contimated soil or soils that do not 4 2 drain. In these places, underdrains, green roofs, tree plant- 5 rainwater harvesting (like cisterns) ing/retention and rainwater harvesting and reuse may be used instead. City departments and community partners are 6 soil building (like mulch + compost) also building GSI retrofit projects on private property and in the public right-of-way to improve habitat and water quality 7 biofiltration 1 in our creeks, lakes, and Puget Sound. What problems does GSI address? In the parts of Seattle where stormwater and TOO MUCH RUNOFF VOLUME wastewater combine in one underground pipe, GSI is designed to reduce the volume of storm- ...that causes flooding, sewer backups, & sewage overflows 1 water getting 2into the system, 3 particularly during 4 5 6 7 the peak of the storm. Reducing this “peak flow” of stormwater volume helps prevent flooding, sewer backups, and sewage overflows into wa- terways. Seattle is under a consent decree with the EPA to reduce the number of sewage over- flows to no more than one overflow per outfall TOO MUCH POLLUTION per year. ...that damages our creeks, lakes, and Puget Sound In other parts of Seattle, polluted stormwater runoff discharges directly into our city creeks (like Thornton Creek, Pipers Creek and Longfel- low Creek) and lakes (like Lake Union and Lake Washington). In these areas, GSI is designed to filter and break down pollutants in the stormwater and to slow the water down, so it does not dam- age stream banks and channels. Healthy water- ways provide critical habitat for salmon and other aquatic life. Why use GSI? GSI systems are proven drainage and water quality tech- nologies designed to achieve the specific goals of a drainage area. GSI also provides many community benefits. When bud- gets are tight and space in the urban environment is limited, multi-benefit infrastructure is a high-value investment. YES MAYBE Improves Pedestrian Safety + Experience + Experience Safety Pedestrian Improves Value Increases Property Mitigates Heat Island Eect Beauties Neighborhoods Improves Water Quality Water Improves Flooding Flow/Prevents Decreases Infrastructure Capacity Gray Preserves Water Conserves Potable Groundwater Recharges Carbon / Reduces Energy Saves Quality Air + Health Improves Sequesters Carbon Supports Habitat Biodiversity/Improves Oers Educational Opportunities Green Infrastructure Green Stormwater PROGRAM HISTORY S Green StormwaterInfrastructure PROGRAM HISTORY S Infrastructure 2000Program - 2012 History // 2000-2012 City of Seattle 2000 - 2012 City of Seattle 1 2000 - SEA Streets 2005-2009 - Highpoint Redevelopment 4 1 20002000 - //SEA SEA Streets Street 2005-20092005-2009 - Highpoint //Redevelopment Highpoint 4 Working in close collaboration with the Seattle Housing The city’s first natural drainage system was constructed in WorkingSeattle in closebuilt collaborationneighborhood-scale with the Seattle GSI Housing into ThisThe city’s“Street first naturalEdge drainageAlternatives” system was project constructed col -in Authority, Washington State Department of Ecology, and the Broadview neighborhood to protect Pipers Creek from 3 Authority,many Washington other partners, State Department Seattle built of neighborhood-scale Ecology, and GSI the Broadview neighborhood to protect Pipers Creek from 3 manythe other129-acre partners, High Seattle Point built neighborhood-scale Housing Redevel GSI - the harmfullected effects stormwater of stormwater from runoff, across to provide 2.3 acres storm- into the 129-acre High Point Housing Redevelopment Proj- the harmful effects of stormwater runoff, to provide storm- 1 2 intoopment the 129-acre Project High Point by Housing partnering Redevelopment with ProjSHA- waterandwater conveyance, showed conveyance, anda 99 and to percent improveto improve thereduction the streetscape streetscape in run withwith- 1 2 ect. High Point’s natural drainage system design included sidewalks. Known as SEA Streets (Street Edge Alternative), ect.and High WA Point’s Department natural drainage of systemEcology. design Aincluded tradi - offsidewalks. volume. Known SEA as SEAStreet Streets became (Street Edge an Alternative), interna- extensiveextensive roadside roadside raingardens, raingardens, saved over saved a hundred over a hundred the projectthe project collected collected stormwater stormwater from from across across 2.3 2.3 acresacres 3 tional piped street drainage system would tional model for natural drainage projects 3 legacylegacy trees +trees planted + planted three thousand three thousand more, and more, inte- and inte- and showedand showed a 99 a percent 99 percent reduction reduction in inrunoff runoff volume. volume. SEASEA gratedhavegrated porous required porous concrete a concrete detention sidewalks. sidewalks. To pond acheive Towith compaacheive five- compa- StreetsandStreets became was became thean international anfirst international GSI project model model forimplemented for natural natural draindrain-- 5 5 rable rablestormwater stormwater benefit benefit with a traditional with a traditional piped street piped street age projects, now known as green stormwater infrastruc- times the volume to achieve the same age projects,in the public now known right-of-way as green stormwaterin the U.S. infrastruc- 6 6 drainagedrainage system systemwould havewould required have requireda detention a detentionpond pond ture (GSI). ture (GSI). withresult. fivewith times five the times volume. the volume. 20032003 - //Carkeek Carkeek Cascade Cascade 2 20032 - Carkeek Cascade 2010 // RainWise2010 - RainWise2010 Pilot - RainWise 5 Seattle introduced an incentive program known as Rain- 5 TheSeattle Cascade doubled the collects size of its runoff next GSI from project, across the Car 28- SeattleSeattle introduced introduced an theincentive RainWise program knownpro- as Rain- Seattlekeek doubled Cascade the (on size NW of 110th its next St.), GSIalso project,in the Pipers the Creek Car- Wise to provide rebates to eligible property owners who Wise to provide rebates to eligible property owners who keek acresWatershed.Cascade and (on The reduced NW Cascade 110th runoffSt.),collects also volumerunoff in the from Pipers by across up Creek to28 constructgram ato rain gardenprovide or install rebates a cistern onto their prop prop-- Watershed.74acres percent. and The reduced Cascade Post-construction runoff collects volume runoff by up from monitoringto 74 across percent. 28 erty.erty Moreconstruct owners than 100a rain homeownerswho garden construct or installed install thesea cisterna GSI fearainon -their prop- tures during RainWise’s first two years. Collectively these acresIn and addition reduced to holding runoff back volume volumes by upof water to 74 that percent. cause erty. More than 100 homeowners installed these GSI fea- showed that levels of water pollutants like raingarden gardens divertor stormwater about 15,000 gallons cistern that wouldon havetheir In additiondamage to toholding downstream back volumescreeks, the of projectwater thatalso helpedcause tures during RainWise’s first two years. Collectively these lead,to clean copper, the stormwater. and Monitoring zinc were showed reduced that levels by of overflowedproperty.rain gardens andOn collect average,divert more about than rebates15,000 one gallonsmillion cover gallons that 88wouldof have damage to downstream creeks, the project also helped stormwater that would have run off. Currently the pro- to cleanuppollutants tothe 90 stormwater. like percent. lead, copper, Monitoring and zinc showed were reduced that levels by upof percentoverflowed of project and collect costs. more The than first one phasemillion gallons of to 90 percent. gram stormwateris active in Ballard that would and will have soon run be off.offered Currently in the the pro- pollutants like lead, copper, and zinc were reduced by up neighborhoodswas focused of Delridge,in Ballard Montlake, to help and reduce
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