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Project ID: 718 Competitive Research Grant Sub-Project Completion Report on Study of the Climate Change Impact on Fisheries Resources and Fishers’ Especially Women and Children in Selected Climate Hotspot Zone of Bangladesh Project Duration May 2017 to September 2018 Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics Faculty of Fisheries Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh-2202 Submitted to Project Implementation Unit-BARC, NATP-2 Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council Farmgate, Dhaka-1215 September 2018 Competitive Research Grant Sub-Project Completion Report on Study of the Climate Change Impact on Fisheries Resources and Fishers’ Especially Women and Children in Selected Climate Hotspot Zone of Bangladesh Project Duration May 2017 to September 2018 Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics Faculty of Fisheries Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh-2202 Submitted to Project Implementation Unit-BARC, NATP-2 Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council Farmgate, Dhaka-1215 September 2018 Citation Study of the Climate Change Impact on Fisheries Resources and Fishersˊ Especially Women and Children in Selected Climate Hotspot Zone of Bangladesh Project Implementation Unit National Agricultural Technology Program-Phase II Project (NATP-2) Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council (BARC) New Airport Road, Farmgate, Dhaka – 1215 Bangladesh Edited and Published by: Project Implementation Unit National Agricultural Technology Program-Phase II Project (NATP-2) Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council (BARC) New Airport Road, Farmgate, Dhaka – 1215 Bangladesh Acknowledgement The execution of CRG sub-project has successfully been completed by Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202using the research grant of USAID Trust Fund and GoB through Ministry of Agriculture. We would like to thank to the World Bank for arranging the grant fund and supervising the CRGs by BARC. It is worthwhile to mention the cooperation and quick responses of PIU-BARC, NATP 2, in respect of field implementation of the sub-project in multiple sites. Preparing the project completion report required to contact a number of persons for collection of information and processing of research data. Without the help of those persons, the preparation of this document could not be made possible. All of them, who made it possible, deserve thanks. Our thanks are due to the Director PIU-BARC, NATP 2 and his team who extended their whole hearted support to prepare this document. We hope this publication would be helpful to the agricultural scientists of the country for designing their future research projects in order to generate technology as well as increase production and productivity for sustainable food and nutrition security in Bangladesh. It would also assist the policy makers of the agricultural sub-sectors for setting their future research directions. Published in: September 2018 Printed by: Acronyms Abbreviation Elaboration ACIA Arctic Climate Impact Assessment AI Agreement index BFDC Bangladesh Fisheries Development Corporation BHWDB Bangladesh Haor and Wetland Development Board BOD Biological Oxygen Demand CBRMP Community Based Resource Management Project CEGIS Centre for Environmental Geographic Information Services DFID Department for International Development DO Dissolved Oxygen DoF Department of Fisheries E East EIFAC European Inland Fisheries Advisory Commission EQS Environmental Quality Standard FAO Food and Agricultural Organization GDP Gross Domestic Product GHG Greenhouse gases GIS Geographical Information System Ha Hector ICEAB International Conference on Environmental Aspects of Bangladesh IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature IWM Institute of Water Modeling Km Kilometer M Meter Mm Millimeter Mg Milligram N North NAS National Academy of Sciences NGOs Non-Government Organizations NRM Natural Resource Management PCA Principal Component Analysis Ppt Parts per thousand S Second SLA Sustainable livelihood approach sp Species spp. Species pluralis SPSS Statistical Package for Social Science S-R Sedgwick-Rafter SLR Sea Level Rise SMF Sundarbans Mangrove Forests UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization UNFCCC The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change USEPA United States Environmental Protection Agency WFC World Fish Center i Table of Contents Sl. No. Title Page No Acronyms i Table of contents ii Executive Summary ix CHAPTER A. Sub-project Description 1 1 Title of the CRG sub-project 1 2 Implementing organization 1 3 Name and address of PP and co-PI 1 4 Sub-project budget 1 5 5 Duration of the sub-project 1 6 Justification of undertaking the sub-project: 1 6.1 Climate change 6.1 6.2 Mangroves and Sundarbans 2 6.3 The Padma and Meghna rivers 4 6.4 Kishoreganjhaor region 5 6.5 Fish biodiversity 6 6.6 Water quality parameters 7 6.7 Primary and secondary productivity 9 6.8 Effects of climate change on fishersʹ livelihood 10 7 Sub-project goal 11 8 Sub-project objectives 11 9 Implementing location 11 CHAPTER 10: METHODOLOGY 11 10.1 Profile of the study area 11 10.2 Water quality parameter analysis 16 10.3 Plankton collection 16 10.3.1 Identification 16 10.3.2 Counting 16 10.4 Data collection of fisheries resources 17 10.5 Data collection of fisher’s 17 10.6 Histology 18 10.6.1 Observation of histology of muscle, gill, liver and kidney of fish species 18 10.6.1.1 Specimen collection and histological process 18 10.6.1.2 Microscopic examination of muscle, liver, kidney and gill 19 10.6.1.3 Data analysis and map building 19 CHAPTER 11: Results and discussion 20 11.1 Fish in the Sundarbans 20 11.2 Fish in the Meghna, Laukhati and Galachipa rivers 26 11.3 Fish in the Padma river 31 11.4 Fish in the Kishoreganjhaor 34 11.5 Fisheries resources in the Bay of Bengal, Cox’s Bazar 39 11.6.1 Water quality parameters in the Sundarbans 42 11.7 Changes in weather and climate in the Sundarbans 45 11.8 Water quality parameters in the Meghna, Laukhati and Galachipa rivers 47 11.9 Observation of rainfall in the study area of Chandpur and Patuakhali 49 11.10 Observation of temperature in the study area of Chandpur and Patuakhali 50 ii 11.11 Water quality parameters in the Padma river 51 11.12 Water quality parameters in the Kishoreganjhaor region 51 11.13 Plankton abundance 53 11.13.1 Plankton abundance in Passur river 53 11.13.2 Plankton abundance in Sibsa river 54 11.13.3 Plankton abundance in Kopothakho river 54 11.13.4 Plankton abundance in Sela river 55 11.13.5 Qualitatively analysis of plankton in the river of the Sundanbans 55 11.13.6 Plankton in the Meghna, Laukhati and Galachipa rivers 58 11.13.7 Plankton in the Padma river 61 11.13.8 Plankton in the Kishoreganjhaor region 64 11.13.9 Plankton abundance in the Bay of Bengal 64 11.14 Livelihood of fishers in climate hotspot zones 65 11.14.1 Observations by fishers of changes in weather and climate in the Sundarbans 65 region 11.14.2 Observations by fishers of changes in the physical components of the 66 environment in the Sundarbans region 11.14.3 Impacts of climate change on well-being of fishers (women and children) in the 67 Sundarbans region 11.14.4 Observations by fishers of changes in fisheries resources in the Sundarbans 69 region 11.14.5 Religion and age structure of fishes in Chandpur and Patuakhali 71 11.14.6 Family size and type of fishers in Chandpur and Patuakhali 72 11.14.7 Educational level of fishers in Chandpur and Patuakhali /2 11.14.8 Natural and financial capital of fishers in Chandpur and Patuakhali 73 11.14.9 Annual income of fishers in Chandpur and Patuakhali 74 11.14.10 Housing of fishers in the study area of Chandpur and Patuakhali 74 11.14.11 Health facilities of fishers in the study area of Chandpur and Patuakhali 75 11.14.12 Drinking water of fishers in the study area of Chandpur and Patuakhali 75 11.14.13 Sanitary facilities in the study area of Chandpur and Patuakhali 75 11.14.14 Fishersˊ comments about the present condition of the Meghna, Laukhati 76 andGalachiparivers 11.14.15 Fishersˊ opinion on climatic effect of fish and their habitats in Chandpur and 77 Patuakhali 11.14.16 Impact of climate change on livelihood pattern by hazardous events in Chandpur 77 and Patuakhali 11.14.17 Demographic information of the fishers in Louhajang, Munshiganj 79 11.14.18 Fishersʹ perceptions about the impact of climate change in Munshiganj 80 11.14.19 Demographic information of the fishers in Kishoreganjhaor 82 11.14.20 Fishersʹ activity during ban period in the study area of Kishoreganjhaor 83 11.14.21 Women participation in fishersʹ community on livelihood in Kishoreganjhaor 84 11.14.22 Children’s activity in Kishoreganjhaor region 84 11.14.23 Annual average income of fishers in the study area of Kishoreganjhaor 84 11.14.24 Major problems and constraints associated with fishing and livelihood in 85 Kishoreganjhaor region 11.14.25 Fishersʹ perceptions about the impact of climate change in Kishoreganjhaor 85 region 11.14.26 People’s perception level about various climatic problems in Kishoreganjhaor 86 11.14.27 Perception about the flash floods of Kishoreganjhaor 87 11.14.28 Perception about the heavy rainfall of Kishoreganjhaor 87 11.14.29 Perception about storm surge of Kishoreganjhaor 87 iii 11.14.30 Perception about the soil erosion of Kishoreganjhaor 88 11.14.31 Perception about the drought of Kishoreganjhaor 88 11.14.32 Perception about the potable water crisis of Kishoreganjhaor 88 11.14.33 Perception about
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  • DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For

    DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For

    LABORATORIES, LYCEUMS, LORDS: THE NATIONAL ZOOLOGICAL PARK AND THE TRANSFORMATION OF HUMANISM IN NINETEENTH-CENTURY AMERICA DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Daniel A. Vandersommers, M.A. Graduate Program in History The Ohio State University 2014 Dissertation Committee: Professor Randolph Roth, Advisor Professor John L. Brooke Professor Chris Otter Copyright by Daniel A. Vandersommers 2014 ABSTRACT This dissertation tells the story of how a zoo changed the world. Certainly, Charles Darwin shocked scientists with his 1859 publication On the Origin of Species, by showing how all life emerged from a common ancestor through the process of natural selection. Darwin’s classic, though, cannot explain why by the end of the century many people thought critically about the relationship between humans and animals. To understand this phenomenon, historians need to look elsewhere. Between 1870 and 1910, as Darwinism was debated endlessly in intellectual circles, zoological parks appeared suddenly at the heart of every major American city and had (at least) tens of millions of visitors. Darwin’s theory of evolution inspired scientists and philosophers to theorize about humans and animals. Public zoos, though, allowed the multitudes to experience daily the similarities between the human world and the animal kingdom. Upon entering the zoo, Americans saw the world’s exotic species for the first time—their long necks, sharp teeth, bright colors, gargantuan sizes, ivory extremities, spots, scales, and stripes. Yet, more significantly, Americans listened to these animals too. They learned to take animals seriously as they interacted with them along zoo walkways.