SENATE- SEPTEMBER 11 Mccaulley, Roger Allan, 16427A

11114 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE- SEPTEMBER 11 Mccaulley, Roger Allan, 16427A. Weber, Charles John, Jr., 19757A. Sherman, Clayton Clifford, 22738A. McGaw, James Elis, 16395A. Wilkins, Harold Edward, 19369A. Simon, Ted Eugene, 20730A. McKeever, Wendell ·Earle, 16361A. Wingfield, Robert Clark, 19609A. Slayton, Ofus L., Jr., 17974A. McNeilly, Charles Richard, 16454A. MEDICAL SERVICE Smith, Harry B., 20727A. Menzie, William Robert, 16388A. Smith, James Clifford, 21473A. Merrill, William Lake, 16362A. Bines, William Holland, Jr., 19526A. Sprinkel, ·Roscoe E., l7957A. Mlddleton, Henry McQuinn, Jr., 16394A. Share, James Marion, 19527A. Stahl, Frederick Nelson, 20737A. Miller, John Joseph, 16371A. To be first lieutenants Staley, Ray C., 20742A. Milton, John Lewis, 16392A. UNITED STATES AIR FORCE Steele, Leonard H., 20740A. Moes, Gene Anthony, 16325A. Sterling, Harold E., 17955A. Montel, John Phillip, 16412A. Ahner, Lyle L., 17960A. Stimson, James R., 17935A. Myers, Earl Eugene, 16396A. Ahrends, Stanley W., 17979A. Stubblefield, Roger W., 17946A. O'Brien, Edward Anthony, Jr., 16353A. Allen, Ledewey Ellis, Jr., 22742A. Swank, Ellery Ellis, 20733A. Osborn, Arthur Levern, 16350A. Amador, Earl M., 17944A. Swofford, Ralph Jackson, 22733A. Pancake, Dale Corwin, 16380A. Arndt, Paul Cahoon, 22726A. Taylor, Irvin E., 17937A. Ausburn, Franklin E., 17939A. Perreault, Lucien Edmund, Jr., 16366A. Taylor, Mervin M., 17938A. Perry, Frank Vinton, 16389A. Bachman, Jay Gainer, 20752A. Taylor, Robert Leighton, 20736A. Popp, Vern Burnett, 16462A. Baird, Jacob C., 22736A. Teachout, Roger Sage, 20731A. Porter, Wayne Charles, 1644-0A. Barnard, Martin J., 17956A. Teague, Charles E., 22728A. Powell, Blllie Warren, 16376A. Barre, Louis Albin, 3d, 20753A. Tormoen, George Ellsworth, 22765A. Beebe, Donald· Edwin, 22755A. Poynor, James Lester, 16419A. Tunstall, Jack L., 17948A. Berry, Harry M., 17967A. Prater, Otis Adolphus, 16332A. Voll, John James, 22754A. Bishop, Tedd L., 17951A. Reese, Eugene Kenneth, 16458A, Ware, Ivan, 22730A. Christenson, Adraln L., 17949.'\, Reese, William Howard, 16311A. Webb, Jones Freedom, 20732A. Cole, Daryl D., 17953A. Risinger, Fred Self, Jr., 16368A. Williams, Marshall Gillette, 22763A. Cramer, l •arrell Stuart, 22758A. Roberts, Lloyd, 16346A. Wimer, Alvin L., 22752A. Robinson, Thomas Mozart, 16420A. Curry, Clarence G., Jr., 22725A. Disharoon, John Franklin, Jr., 22727A. Wright, Francis Leslie, 22745A. Romans, James Walter, Jr., 16314A. Yawn, Henry Clay, 3d, 22735A. Eddington, John J., 22'156A. Romberg, Robert Peter, 16301A. York, Edwin N., 17962A. Fedro, Wllliam E., 17945A. Ross, Donald Henry, 16313A. Young, William Henry, 22743A. Femmer, William H., l'1958A. Ross, S. L., Jr., 16382A. Gilbert, William Wayne, 20738A. MEDICAL SERVICE Rossman, Russell John, 16429A. Gillespie, Clinton G., 17943A. Callaghan, Donald Edward, 19848A. Routh, William Nelson, 16426A. Gray, Edmond D., 22746A. Sapp, Glenn Everett, 16358A. Cornils, Verne Walker, 21635A. Guynes, Joseph Bexton, 20743A. Dykstra, John Jacob, 21634A. Sautters, Clyde Walter, 16333A. Hamel, Robert Eugene, 20728A. Scott, George Sherman, 16421A. Flavion, Raymond Anthony, 21637A. Hardy, Robert Baskerville, 20750A. Holliday, Robert Lee, 21633A. Schmidt, Carvel Walter, 16443A. Harnitchek, John J., 17933A. Schmidt, Gordon Allen, 16308A. Olenick, Benson Yale, 21873A. Harran, Almet B. E., 17959A. Richardson, Floyd Grady, 21632A. Shaffer, Robert Lee, 16436A. Hewitt, Cl:::.rence L., 22722A. Shaver, Dorwyn Davis, 16317A. Spiers, Don John, 21636A. Higdon, John Kenneth, 22723A. Sulli\'.an, Robert Emmett, 21631A. Shepherd, William Charles, 16327A. Higgins, William McNam~ra, 22729A. Sheppard, William Lavere, 16381A. Hill, James Erskine, 20741A. The following-named officers for promo­ Sherman, Robert Frank, 16477A. Hollowell, John Davis, 20751A. tion in the United States Air Force under Sitton, Ray Benjamin, 16345A. Horne, Raymond Earle, Jr., 20735A. the provisions of section 107 of the Army­ Smith, Marshall Lavern, 16295A. Johnson, Melvin Elle, Jr., 22741A. Navy Nurses Act of 1947, as amended by Staggs, Homer, Jr., 16341A. Jones, Ralph Frederick, 22734A. Public Law 514, Eighty-first Congress. All . Stanley, Richard Eri, 16364A. Jones, Richard Ernest, 18170A. officers are subject to physical examination Stevenson, Charles Stanley, 16339A. Kiger, Eugene Chester, 22747A. required by law. Sullivan, Ronald Joseph, 16335A. Knoles, Thomas M., 3d, 17969A. To be captains Thumser, Louis Francis, Jr., 16414A. Lane, Edward Eugene, 22731A. AIR FORCE NURSES Thurber, George Franklin, 16444A. Lilley, Arthur McRobert, 22749A. Larivee, Theresa Juliette, 21135W. Ulrich, Robert James, 16334A. Mac Leod, Donald William, 21471A. Maddox, Roy L., 1'7950A. Livingston, Dorothy Nadine, 22064W. Usis, Felix Max, Jr., 16430A. O'Donnell, Regina Claire, 21019W. Van Vleet, Gerald Engel, 16318A. Mansfield, John Lewis, 22757A. M<>.thews, Thomas J., 10996A. Shefuo, Rose Marie, 22065W. Vincent, Donald Wayne, 16343A. Sullivan, Clara Mary, 21044W. Vines, John Henry, 16298A. Matsuo, Jon Takushiro, 21472A. Wagner, William Tobias, 3d, 16369A. McCormick, Howard Ernest, 20744A. NOTE.-All officers nominated for promo­ Wahl, Richard Grant, 16467A. · McFadden, Kenneth Laurie, 20746A. tion to major, captain, and first lieutenant Walker, Harry Carroll, Jr., 16450A. McGlaufiln, Eugene Philip, 22737A. are eligible for permanent promotion prior Melchar, Charles Edwards, 20725A. Wallace, John Nelson, Jr., 16411A. to January 1, 1952. Dates of rank will be Melton, Charles S., 17952A. Weber, Arthur Evans, 16316A. determined by the Secretary of the Air Meyers, Naaman Lee, 22740A. · Force. Weed, William Arthur, 16387A. Mock, Theodore Eugene, 22724A. Weems, Monard Derald; 16355A. Moe, Walter S., Jr., 22762A. Wheeless, James Ewing, 16300A. Moon, Wilmer P., 22760A. Whisner, William Thomas, Jr., 16324A. Nelson, Ralph E., 20748A. SENATE Williams, Jesse Grady, 16455A. . Newell, Noel Nimmons, 20747A. Williamson, William Brown, Sr., 16374A. Northcott, ·Clyde Andrew, Jr., 22739A. Winters, Sterling Price, Jr., 16354A. Oligher, Arthur E., 17941A. TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 11, 1951 Young, Donald John, 16470A. O'Shea, Timothy G., 22761A.

Civilian personnel in executive branch Payroll (in thousands) in executive branch

Department or agency Increase (+) Increase (+) In July In June or In June In May or numbered- numbered- decrease ( - ) was- was- decrease ( - ) ,

Total_ ....•.• _•.. __ •••• ______._. ______----.---·-·-··· ••••••• --·-·. ----••• - 2, 500, 889 2, 483, 691 +17, 198 $707, 261 $730, 956 -$23, 695 L Agencies exclusive of National Military Estabiishment.·-·------···················-- 1, 251, 992 1, 248, 090 +3,902 356, 874 367, 519 -10, 645 2. National Military EstablishmenL •. ------·-----··-···········--·--·--·····-···-- 1, 248, 897 1, 235, 601 +13, 296 350,384 363, 437 -13,050 Within the National Military Establishment: · Office of the Secretary of Defense·------···---·--·--·------·-··--·-····-----··- 2,220 2, 194 +26 930 957 -27 Department of the Army _____ ------·-·--··---···-·--·-·-······· 528, 292 521,075 +1, 217 140,033 142, 947 -2, 914 Department of the Air Force.---·------·------·----··------·- 265, 199 260, 736 +4,463 70, 220 73, 499 -3, 279 Department of the NavY------·------. 453, 186 451, 596 +i, 590 139, 204 146, 034 - .6. 830 11116 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE SEPTEMBER 11

TABLE !.-Consolidated table of Federal personnel inside and outside continental United States employed by the executive agencies during July 1951 and comparison with June 1951, and pay for June 1951 and comparison with May 1951

Pay (in thousands of dollars) Personnel Department or agency May June Increase Decrease June July Increase Decrease

ExecutiveAgriculture departments ______(except National Military Establishment): _ 22, 772 22, 169 603 84, 400 83,036 ------1, 364 Commerce t 2 _ ------a 20, 196 19, 316 880 59, 033 59, 312 279 ------Interior ______--____ ------__ --__ --___ ----_____ ----______19, 652 19, 117 535 63, 907 63, 160 ------747 Justice ______- _---- - _- _-- -_------12, 379 12, 152 227 31, 795 32, 620 825 ------PostLabor Office----- ______------______------______------______------_ 2, 746 2, 643 103 7, 801 7, 344 ------457 131, 353 131, 156 197 3 498, 281 503, 762 5, 481 ------State ____ ------9,282 8,800 482 29, 386 30, 023 637 ------Treasury _____ ------30, 878 29, 322 1,.556 91, 486 91, 348 ------138 Executive Office of the President: White House Office ______------______! ______135 129 6 265 263 ------2 Bureau of the Budget______:. ------"------275 254 n 522 525 3 ------Executive Mansion and Grounds------­ 18 17 1 67 63 4 National Security Council'------­ 9 9 19 19 82 59 ======118 119 NationalCouncil of Security Economic Resources Advisers Board------______-.------23- 1 ------24 24 41 42 1 ------Commission on Renovation of the Executive Mansion ______5 5 17 17 Emergency agencies (1950-51): - Defense Production Administration ______182 179 ------3 419 441 !<2 Defense Transport Administration------77 75 ------2 213 219 6 Economic Stabilization Agency ______------__ 2, 950 3, 255 305 ------10, 470 11, 580 1, 110 Federal Civil Defense Administration---·------­ 306 296 ------10 fi19 663 44 Office of Defense Mobilization------~--- 44 47 3 ------182 188 6 President's Commission on Internal Security and Individual Rights __ _ 2 2 9 8 President's Materials Policy Commission ______: ______30 43 ------13- ======82 106 24 ------. Subversive Activities Control Board------~------15 14 ------l 2G 27 ] Postwar agencies Displaced Persons Commission ______138 136 ------56 ______.:_ __ 2__ 346 357 11 ------Economic Cooperation Administration ______1, 709 1, 765 5, 503 5, 546 43 Motor Carrier Claims Commission. __ ------~------9 9 15 15 Office of the Housing Expediter______: ______897 874 2, 498 2, 506 Philippine Alien Property Administration______------23 8 ------38 29 21 ------(3) . War Claims Commission ____ ------49 49 158 160 Independent agencies: . American Battle Monuments Commission------·------···------81 86 5 ------814 864 50 ------Atomic Energy Commission------2, 366 2, 238 ------128 5, 728 -5, 831 103 ------545 8 ------8i~il ~;;~:uc5~~~~i~n--~~~======:::::::::::::::::::::: 1, ~~ l, ~ :::======. ~~ 4, ~~ 4, 302 ------177 Export-Import Bank of Washington______68 63 ------. 5 133 135 2 ------Federal Communications Commission______507 491 ------16 1, 205 1, 194 ------11 Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ______: ______421 383 ------38 1, 031 1, 011 ------20 Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service------~ ------208 188 ------20 368 365 ------3 Federal Power Commission------327 314 ------13 744 735 -----·------9 35, 553 ------359 ~~~~~f ~~~d~tlJ:J~~~Il======11, g~ 10, m======7~~ 353~~~ 7G3 4 ------General Accounting Office------2, 549 2, 339 ------210 6, 888 6, 8n ------u General Services Administration ______;_~~------8, 349 7, 984 ------365 30, 376 30, 321 ------55 Government Printing Office_------·------3, 012 2. 837 ------175 7, 489 7, 529 40 ------Rousing and Home_Finance Agency______4, 989 e 4, 989 ------13, 466 -13, 088 ------. 378 Indian Claims Commission------7 7 11 11 ------Interstate Commerce Commission ______: ____ ~------940 868 ======::= ==== --··-----72- 2, 15o 2, 099 ------51 National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics______2, 922 2, 624 ------f98 7, 926 National Capital Housing AutboritY------97 89 ------8 327 7, m,: ~====·======------~ National Capital Park and Planning Commission______3 3 ----- ___ ----·---- _ 10 5 ------5 National Capital Sesquicentennial Commission ______; ______32 36 - -- 4 ___ : _____ ==- 217 248 . 31 ------N ational Gallery of Art------93 83 ------10 317 316 ------1 __ N aQonal Labor Relations Board------597 552 ------45 1, 500 1, 501 1 ------N ational Mediation Board------68 62 ------6 113 117 4 ------N ational Science Foundation_------12 14 2 --··-·------43 63 20 ------1 ~~::! B°~'i!f~~=-~~~~~~-~~-~-~!~~~~======------3;327------3;863------536- ======-----20:2.3r f9, 1J .------~- · -.- ·~ ---4 79 Railroad Retirement Board------689 629 ------. 60 2, 118 2, 116 -·------2 Reconstruction Finance Corporation______1, 341 1, 182 ------159 2, 682 2, 738 56 ------Securities and Exchange Commission------·------456 456 ------1, 027 1, 007 ------20 Selectivd Service System------~---- 1, 776 1, 626 ------150 8, 343 8, 289 ------54 Smithsonian Institution ______,,______193 176 ------17 629 616 ------13 Soldiers' Home __ ------114 112 ------2 743 723 ------20 Tarifi Commission______102 94 ------8 210 Tax Court of the United States------62 60 ------2 124 ~ I ~======t _ Tennessee Valley Authority_------6, 857 6, 862 5 ---·------18, 930 19, 002 72 ------Veterans' Administration------55, 643 51, 329 ------4, 314 182, 831 182, 272 ------559

Total, excluding National Military Establishment-----~------367, 519 356, 874 950 11, 595 1, 248, 090 1, 251, 992 8, 903 5, 001 Net change, excluding National Military Establishment___ .______------10,645 3,902 1======1======1======1======1======1======1======1======National Military Establishment: Office of the Secretary of Defense 1------­ 957 930 "27 2, 194 2, 220 26 ------· Department of the Army: Inside continental United States------··------­ 130, 692 127, 063 ------3, 629 472, 146 479, 323 7, 177 Outside continental United States------­ 12, 255 12, 970 715 -·-···------48, 929 48, 969 40 Department of the Air Force: Inside continental United States------·-·------67, 357 64, 455 2, 902 232, 396 236, 982 Outside continental U nited,States ______------·------6, 142 5, 765 377 28, 340 28, 217 ------~~~~~------123 Department of the Navy: Inside continental United States------·--·--·------·-·-··---­ 136, 641 130, 300 6, 248 418, 376 421, 685 3, 309 ------Outside continental United States_------·-·-·-·-·---·-·---·---·-- 9, 393 8, 811 582 33, 220 31, 501 ------1, 719 Total, National Military Establishment_------363, 437 350, 387 715 13, 765 1, 235, 601 1, 248, 897 15, 138 1, 842 Net change, National Military Establishment ______------13, 050 ------13, 296 Grand total, including Natioii.afMilitary Establishment_ __ ~ ---- 730, 956 707, 261 1, 665 1==25=,=3=60=l:=2,=4=83=,=6=9l=l==2=,=500=,=88=9=l===24=,04=1 1=====6=,8=4= 3 Net change, including National Military Establishment______------23, 6915 ------17, 198 I I 1 July figure includes 4,867 employees of the National Production Authority, an increase of609 over the June figure of 4,258. 2 July figure is exclusive of 7,632 seamen on the rolls of the Maritime Administration and their pay. · a Revised on basis of later information. - ' Exclusive of personnel and pay of the Central Intelligence Agency. 6 Includes personnel and pay of Howard University and Columbia Institution for the Deaf. & Estimated. · 1 Includes 218 employees assigned to Munitions Board Cataloging Agency and 29 employees assigned to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. 1 .1951 -· CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 11117

TABLE II.-Feder:_al personnel inside continental United States employed qy executive agencies during July i951, and comparison with June 1951

Department or agency June July Increase Decrease Department or agency June ------·------1----·11------1------July ----Increase ----Decrease Executive departments (except National Independent agencies-Continued Military Establishment): Agriculture ______General Accounting Office ______6, 888 6, 877 11 82, 025 General Services Administration ______. ___ - ·commerce 1 2______80, 827 ------1, 198 30, 298 30, 242 ------56 55, 181 55, 425 244 ------Government Printing Office ______7, 489 7, 529 Interior ____ ------56, 264 Housing and Home Finance Agency __ -__ _ 40 ------Justice ______------______55, 343 ------921 13, 359 12, 973 386 31, 260 32, 075 815 ------Indian Claims Commission ______11 11 PostLabor Office ______------______7, 721 7, 263 ------458 Interstate Commerce Commission ______2, 150 2, 099 51 3 496, 361 National Advisory Committee for Aero- State ______: ______-~- ______501, 698 . 5, 337 ------Treasury ______10, 732 10, 888 156 ------nautics ~ . __ . _____ •.. __ . ______-----. _- 7, 926 7, s7o 56 90, 716 90, 569 . ------147 National Capital Housing Authority ____ _ 327 327 Executive Office of the President: National. qa~ital Park and Planning 265 BureauWhite House of the Office·------~---~-----Budget______: ___ _ 263 ------. 2 Comm1ss1on .... ~ ------·--~--­ 10 522 525 3 ------:i:-rational Capital Sesquicentennial Com- Executive Mansion and Grounds ______67 63 4 mission ______------______: ___ 217 National Security Council·• _____-______248 31 -"------19 19 ------National-Gallery of Art.------~- 317 316 1- National Security Resources Board. ~ --- • - 118 . 119 1 ------National Labor Relations Board ______- __- _ 1, 476· 1, 471 5 Council of Economic-Advisers ______41 42 1 ------National Mediation Board______113 117 4 ------Co!llmission. on Renovation of tbe ~xe~u- · t1ve .Mans1on ______:______National Science Foundation .. ~-- -'---- · --- 43 63 20 ------17 National. Security Training Commission: ------Emergency agenoies (1950--51): · 17 ------·: 8 8 ------Panama Canal ______~ ------~ ------600 585 ------15 Defense Production Administration ______419 441 22 Railroad Retirement Board______2, 118. Defense Transport Administration ______213 219 6 Reconstruction Finance Corporation_____ 2, 674 ~: gg .•:----~5------~-~ Economic Stabilization Agency ___ ------10, 323 11, 432 1, 109 Securities and Exchange Commission._._ 1, 027 1, 007 20 Fi:deral Civil Defense Administration ____ 619 663 44 Selective Service System______8, 103 Office of Defense Mobilization ______8,049 54 182 18£ 6 Smithsonian Institution ______-_ _ 621 608 13 President's Commission on Internal Se- Soldiers' Home______743 curity and Individual.,Rights ______723 20 - 9 8 Tariff Commission______210 206 4 President's Materials-Policy Commission_ 82 106 24 ------. -_ Tax Court of the United States ...· ----~ : ~- 124 123 ------1 Subversive Activities Control Boar,d. ___ _ ~6 27 1 ------Tl)nnessee Valley Author.ity______. 18, 930 19, 002 72 : ______Postwar agencies: Veterans' Administration ______: 181, 375 180, 844 531 . Displaced Persons Commission ______129 129 ------Economic Cooperation Administration __ _ 1, 375 1, 396 21 ------Total, excluding National . Military . Motor Carrier Claims Commissiqn ______15 15 ------Establishment______1, 184, 971 1, 188, 572 8, 147 4, 546 Office of the Housing Expediter_------­ 2;po· 2,.4n · - 1 ______! Net increase, excluding National Mili~- · _ _· · _ ~h!Iippine Alien Property Administra- · tary'EstabHshment ..•· •• · ~------:.------______!'_ 3, 601 tion ______------__ : ___ ------(3) . War Claims Commission ______13_6 ------137------::::::=:: National Military Establishment: Independent agencies: Office of the Secretary of Defense·------~ 2; 194 2, 220 26 ------American . Battle MonuJUents Commis- -Department of the ArmY------~---' 472, 146 479, 323 7, 177 -~------. sion .. ____ ~- .. ___ --.. ~ --. ------17 17 - Department of the Air Force ______· 232, 396 236, 982 4, 586 ___ _: __ ~-- -Atomic Energy Commission_------­ 5, 723 5, 825 -----io3~ ::::::::: Department of the -Navy__ ·- ~ ------~ -~- - 418, 376 421, 685 3, 309 -______: _ Civil Aeronautics Board_--~------. 524 533 Civil Service Commission ______: ~ ------4, 476 4,294 ------182 Total, National Military Establish~ent~ 1, 125; 112 1, 140, 216 15, oils' ,: ______Export-Import Bank of· Washington __ .___ _ 133 135 2· ------Net increase, Nationa1 Military Estab- Federal Communications Commission. __ 1, 181 1, 171 10 lishmenL------~------_ 15, !l98 Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation._ 1, 031 1,011 20 Feder~! Mediation . al!d Conciliation 365 ______! 3 Grand total, including National Mlli- ~ = _ · Service. ______: _~ ___ ------___ _ 368 - tary Establishment______- ______2, 310, 083 2, 328, 782 23, 245 1=4, 546 Federal Power Commission ______744 735 9 Net increase, including National Mill· Federal Security Agency 6______35, 559 35, 199 ------360 tary Establishment______------18, 699 Feder~! .Trade. Commission:______3 759 763 4 ------. I

1 J:uly figure includes 4,867 employees of the National ·Prouuction Authority, an a Revised on basis oflater information . . increase.of 609 over the June figure of 4,258. . · - - . - - - •Exclusive of personnel of the Central Intelligence Agency. . - 2 July figure is exclusive o! 7,632 seamen on the rolls ?f the Maritime Administration. 6 Includes personnel of Howard University and Columbia Institution for the D~af.

TABLE III.-Federal personnel outside continental United States employed by the executive agencies during July 1951, and com- - parison with June 1951 ·

Department or agency June July Increase Decrease Department or agency June July Increase· Decrease __...;....._1-----11------1------Executive departments (except National Independent agencies-Conti,nued Military Establishment): Housing and Home Finai;I.Ce Agency ____ _ 107 115 . 8 ~------Agriculture ______:---~------2,375 2,209 166 24 . 30 6 ---~----- Commerce __------3,852 3, 881 35 ~:!~~:16~:i~ -~~!~~~~~-~~-~r-~==~:::::: 19, 632 Reconstruction Finance Corporation ____ _ InteriorJustice. ______.______::. ------~--- ; ______7,643 7, 817 174 8 19, 16g ------~~ 535 545 10 Selective Service System.------­ 240 240 ------­ Labor ___ ------__ ------~ - 80 81 1 Smithsonian Institution_------8 - 8. ------Post Office.------~ --- - -'------~ 1, 920 2, 064 144 V-eterans' Administration .• __ .: ______1, 456 1, 428 28 TrState.------easury ______18, 654 19, 135 -481 770 779 9 Total, excluding National Military Emergency agencies (1950--51): Establishment..______: ______63, 119 63, 420 961 660 Economic Stabilization Agency ______147 148 Net ·increase, excluding National Mili- Postwar agencies: . tary Establishment______~------:.:.:.:.------~ 301 _ Displaced Persons Commission ______217 228 11 Economic Cooperation Administration __ _ 4, 128 4, 150 22 National Military Establishment: Office of the Housing Expediter_. ______28 29 1 Department of the ArmY------~----- 48, 929 48, 969 40 ------Philippine Alien Property Administra------Department of the_Air Force ______28, 340 28, 217 ------123 tion._. ______. ___ _ (1) · Department of the Navy______33, 220 31, 501 ------1, 719 War Claims Commission ______22 -----·-23------·------Independent agencies: Total, National Military Establish- American Battle Monuments Commis- ment______110, 489 108, 687 40 1, 842 sion. __ .. ___ . ___ . ______. __ 79'7 847 50 Net decrease, National Military Estab- Atomic Energy Commission ______5 5 ------i Civil Aeronautics.Board. __ ------13 12 G:::::::~l~-~~l~~~~-~ ~~ ~~~~~-~~i~------1, 81!l2 Civil Service Commission ______3 8 5 Federal Communications Commission __ _ 24 23 1 tary Establishment______173, 608 172, 107 1, 001 2, 502 Federal Security Agency ______353 354 1 ------Net decrease, .including National Mili- General Services Administration.------78 79 1 ------tary Establishment ______------1, rOl

1 Revised on basis of later information.

STATEMENT BY SENATOR BYRD villan agencies totaled $4,216,745,000, an in­ 1952 ESTIMATE The civilian payroll in the executive branch crease of $148,753,000, or 3.7 percent over With an increase in total employment of of the Government in fiscal year 1951, which fiscal year 1950. 17,1Q8 during the month of July, bringing the ended last June 30, totaled $7,719,076,000. In fiscal year 1951 the civilian payroll of total civilian employment in the executive This was an increase of $1,114,106,000, or 17 the Military Establishment totaled $3,503,- · branch of the Government to 2,500,889, it is ' percent-over the preceding fiscal year 1950. 331,000, an increase of $965,353,000, or 38 per­ indicated that, on the b·asis of preliminary In fiscal year 1951 the payroll of the ci_- cent over fiscal year 1950. estimates, the payroll for fiscal year 1952 will 11118 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE SEPTEMBER 11

TABLE IV.-Industrial employees of the Fed eraZ Government inside and outside continental United States employed by exeoutive - agencies during July 195~, and comparison with J.une 1951

Department or agency June July Increase Decrease Department or agency June July Increase Deer.ease ----11------1------Executive departments (except National Mil- National Military Establishment: itary Establishment): Department of the Army: Commerce. ______:. ____ _ 11, 554 1,649 !l5 ------212 Inside continental United States ____ _ 254, 585 256, 290 1, 705 Interior __------~------­ 4,942 4, 670 Outside continental United States ____ 28, 124 28, 149 25 TrStateeasury.------______------_ 401 238 163 Department of the Air Force: 8,634 9,310 676 Inside continental United States ____ _ 129, 145 130, 861 1, 716 ------259 Independent agencies: ·------Outside continental United States ___ _ 20, 908 20, 649 · Atomic Energy Commission ______155 156 1 ------5 General Services Administration ______137 129 D e pf:d:~~~i~~~faftr~ite d states. ___ _ 280, 633 281, 085 452 ------Panama CanaL------1, 512 1, 506 6 Outside continental United States ___ _ 25, 649 23, 919 1, 730 Tennessee Valley Authority ______11,436 11, 494 58 ------Total, National Military Establisb- Total, excluding National Military menL------739, 044 740, 953 3, 898 1, 989 Establishment______28, 771 29, 152 830 449 Net increase, . National Military Net increase, excluding National Mili- . tary Establishment_------G:::b~::;en~~~~~~-~~~~:~~ ------1, 909 Military Establishment______767, 815 770, 105 4, 728 2, 438 Net increase, including National 1 l Militru:y Establishment______------2, ro 1 Revised on basis of later information.

TABLE V.-Feder al employees assigned to mutual defense assistance program

Payroll (in thousands) Civilian personnel

Department or agency Increase (+) In June In July Increase (+) In· May In June or decrease num- num- or decrease was- was- (-) bered- bered- (-)

Total ______• ----______~ ______·__ ~ ______$7, ?title, and referred cution, or imprisonment. essential Federal Expenditures. to the Committee on the Judiciary. Our Immigration and Naturalization Mr. LEHMAN. Mr. President, the bill Service has now issued deportation BILLS INTRODUCED I have introduced would provide asylum orders for these people. I hope that Bills were introduced, read the -first in this country for 84 individuals now in the Senate will speedily consider and time, and, by unanimous consent, the the United States who, in 1948 and 1949, approve my bill which will permit these second time, and referred as follows: fied from tyranny in Estonia, their na­ men, women, and children, after proper By Mr. LEHMAN: tive land. screening, to remain in this country. S. 2110. A bill for the relief of 84 Es­ These individuals came to this coun­ After escaping from behind the iron cur­ tonians; to the Committee on the Judiciary. try by way of Sweden. They came in tain and after heroically overcoming the. 1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 11119 hazards of the North Atlantic in their biH 5054, supra, which was ordered to By Mr. KEM: small motor and sail ships, these refu­ lie on the table and to be printed. Article from the St. Joseph (Mo.) Gazette of August 22, 1951, showing the decisive de­ gees from tyranny should certainly be EXECUTIVE MESSAGES REFERRED given harbor and haven in this country. feat of Federal public housing in that city. That gesture on our part would be well As in executive session, Article entitled "Three Times in the Na­ The PRESIDENT pro tempore laid be­ tion's History," written by Bishop Fulton J. understood the world over, especially be­ Sheen, and published on August 4, 1951, dis­ hind the iron curtain. We would thus fore the Senate messages from the Presi­ cussing the importance of America being on provide a happy ending to this flight dent of the United States submitting guard. f.rom terror, to this break from the So­ sundry nominations, which were re­ By Mr. HUNT: viet prison house. f erred tO the appropriate committees. · Letter from Rob'ert S. Garrison Post, No. I do not know these individuals per­ officer of the Chinese Air Force mis­ caucus to assemble and formally vote to be­ these two newspapers which, in my opin­ sion here. Hsiang and his superior officer, stow MORSE to the ' administration party, ion, are not only the voice of yellow Lt. Gen. P. T. Mow, were ordered on August where he belongs. He is not a Republican. journalism in America, but the voice of 21 by Chiang Kai-shek to return to Formosa He retains the fiction of Republican alle­ to face a long series of charges. giance only because he can do the Republi­ isolationism. The foreign policy repre­ cans more damage posing as one of them· sented by those two newspapers appar­ COULD HA VE BOUGHT DIRECT than by openly avowing that be has been an ently now has shifted somewhat, in that Hsiang explains that the Nationalists were administration supporter right along. they would follow an isolationist course red-hot to buy the Mustangs through their Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, in com­ of action in Europe, they would have officially designated supply contractor, the the Republican Party become the spon­ American firm called Commerce Interna­ menting on this editorial, I want to say tional (China), Inc., or CIC. Bu't the Thun­ that I always consider it a matter of sor of an all-out war in Asia. derbolts would have been purch.ased directly great personal compliment when either The junior Senator from Oregon will from the United States Air Force by Mow and the Chicago Tribune or the Washington be heard across this country from plat­ Hsiang acting for the Chinese Embassy: Times-Herald write a critical editorial form to platform in the months to come Hsiang suggests, therefore, that no graft about the junior Senator from Oregon. if the reactionary wing of the Republi­ would have passed in such a transaction. I am inserting the editorial in the CON­ can Party ever comes to adopt that phi­ There would have been no squeeze for any­ GRESSIONAL RECORD, so that the readers losophy of the Chicago Tribune and the one. · Times-Herald. If the Republican Party The rejection of the American offer of 50 of the RECORD can see an exhibit A as Thunderbolts was the sequel to an attempt to what yellow journalism in America at its Chicago convention adopts the po­ by CIC, acting on orders from Formosa, to looks like. These two newspapers, the litical philosophy of the Chicago Tribune, obtain a contract a year ago from Colonel mouthpieces of reaction, the instru­ it must be repudiated by the American Hsiang to buy 25 Mustangs. ments, in my opinion, for a type of Amer­ people in the election of 1952. As previously recounted, Hsiang suspected ican fascism, are good examples of what With that observation I close my re­ CIC of underhanded and dishonest meth­ would happen to the Republicati Party marks in thus paying my disrespects to ods-a not 1llogical suspicion since CIC's the Chicago Tribune and the Times­ chief figure, Vice President S. G. Fassoulis, if the editors of these newspapers ever explained that his successful business meth­ became the true spokesmen of the party. Herald. ods were based on his special influence with, I am very proud, Mr. President, that I desire now to refer to another sub­ and corruption of, a host of high Govern­ neither the Chicago Tribune nor the ject. ment officials. His stories were lies out of Washington Times-Herald represent the The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The whole cloth, but Hsiang had no way of know­ thinking and point of view of the over- Senator from Oregon has the floor. ing it at the time. 1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 11121

SET TRAPS FOR EACH OTHER crucial fact that the United States Govern­ Francisco conference on the Japanese Fassoulis, on his part, thought Hsiang was ment had practically disposed of all sur­ Peace Treaty. At an appropriate time I a crook-also not an illogical belief, since plus airplanes through the period 1945 to expect to comment on this subject at Hsiang pretended he was one in order to 1949_. Only those airplanes which were in greater length, and also on the recent discover how CIC operated. Meantime, he very 'good condition were preserved· by the was reporting everything he learned to Don­ United States Government for certain pur- trip which several Senators made to Eu­ ald C. Cook, the able general counsel of the poses. · rope in connection with the Military Senate Preparedness Subcommittee. "Therefore, these 50 F-47's were superior Assistance Act. Today, on returning · Throughout the negotiations, Fassoulis in every respect to those which could be from ·the Japanese Peace Treaty confer- and Hsiang were busily engaged in setting obtained .in .the market at that time. . ence, I wish to pay tribute to two indi­ traps for each other. Hsiang, meantime, at­ "We kept General Chou [C. J. Chou, com­ viduals who had a big hand in that tempted to stall any action by refusing to mander in chief of the Chinese Air Force, treaty. Particularly I wish to call atten­ give Fassoulis a power of attorney to pur­ chief of · staff of the Nationalists Armed tioJ;J. to the fact that the entire Japanese chase the planes in behalf of the Chinese Forces, and general boss of Formosa] in­ Air Force. formed of all the progress of that negotia­ peace negotiations represented Ameri­ Each man was afraid the other might tion with· the United States Government, in can bipartisanship working at its best. succeed. a hope that the authorities · of our Govern- · About a year ago· Mr. John Foster Fassoulis feared Hsiang might .be able to ment woUld eventually -be convinced by our Dulles ·was appointed special· representa­ buy the pl?-nes himself directly from the substantial and reasonable suggestion. · tive of the President of the United Sta_tes American Government, something that might "General Chou did not show any sign of to negotiate a peace treaty with Japan, have reflected on CIC's ability and injured opposition, but .gave us a surprising order and the accompanying . military-defense its chances of .ingratiating itself even more to interrupt the whole negotiation on Febru- - s9lidly with the Nationalist Government. ary 3, 1951, ·only at the moment when the pacts with Japan, with the Philippines, . Therefore, when he found himself blocked whole negotiation reached the final ·stage . and with Australia and N~w Zealand. by Hsiang, he wrote urgently to his asso­ · "Apparently our accomplishment did not From the time of his appointment Mr. - ciate& on Formosa to obtain a contract di­ serve his 'real purpose,' but gave him embar­ Dulles approached the matter from a 'bi­ rectly from the Chinese Air Force there. It rassment only." · partisan standpoint. He · reaiized the was to specify that CIC could proceed to buy On May 1, 1951, Chou ·ordered the Wash­ important part which the Senate would planes without any interference from or par­ ington office of his air force closed down have to play in the ratification of such ticipation by the CAF office in Washington. completely. . · On their part, Mow and Hsiang feared CIC In addition to the information developed treaties. He invited to all his discussions would succeed in getting the planes by means. in the· negot1ations with CIC 'for 'fighter air­ member,s of the Subcommittee on the Far · of its own peculiar business methods. If it craft, Mow· and Hsiang have uncovered ·sev­ East of the Committee on Foreign Rela­ did, the result would be to enhance still eral other indications of CIC activity which tions, 'of which I had the honor of being further Formosa's . esteem for, and connec­ they have turned over to the· Senate Pre­ a member. He took, us into his confi­ tions with, a company they considered en­ paredness Subcommittee for investigation. dence on the various issues which were' tirely unethical and unscrupulous. It is believed that at least four Federal - coming up, both with regard to the Japa­ Furthermore, they felt -CIC· was· trying to · agencies are now trying to run · the leads make enormous profits at the expense of their nese point of view and with regard to the down. point .of view of our allies, the British, Government and possibly from American aid No information is available as yet on what funds. has been uncovered, but ·some of the leads the French, and others. It was because From evidence at hand, it is impossible to look -to be interesting. Amorig them: · of that,very car.eful preparation and ne­ tell whether Fassoulis was quoting the Chi­ 1. An alleged payment of 12 percent com­ gotiation with those -countries that we nese a fair price for the Mustangs, which he mission to ·c1c for a large quantity of sur­ were ·enabled to go to the conference was planning to ·obtain from a business as­ plus 3-inch naval shells released from Gen­ prepared to have the treaty signed there sociate in California. eral MacArthur's headquarters in July 1950. without further amendment. So I wish VARIANCE IN .PRICE 2. The rejection by Chinese Air Force to pay special tribute to Mr. John Foster Depending on changing conditions, the CIC headquarters on Formosa of a suggestion Dulles, who did such excellent work. from its Washington office late in 1949 for quotations ranged from $25,000 per plane I also wish to pay a special tribute to to $36,000. There is some evidence that at the purchase of some radar equipment· on this price, CIC .would make only 1 percent on grounds it was obsolete. In July 1950 CAF the Secretary of State, Mr. Acheson, for the transaction. headquarters signed a contract with CIC for the commendable and brilliant way in On the other ·hand, in 1948, General Mow the purchase of identical radar sets, at a which he handled the conference. The bad bought 53 aircraft of the same type di­ price apparently about $150,000 higher. The Russians and their satellites tried to out­ rectly from the American Government under CAF Washington office claims it gave a secret wit us by every possible device. They the mHitary-aid program, paying $16,000, in­ notification of what was happening to Chiang tried to get us off the main line we were cluding the expense of reconditioning, for Kai-shek, but Formosa replied that the ad­ on. They tried to prevent us from, each. They were·in good condition, well pre­ vice came too late to do any good. adopting rules to govern the limitation served. Another transaction which has been The Chinese Air Force office in Washington turned over by Mow and Hsiang for investi­ of debate at the conference. In all those tried twice in this period, in the name of gation does not involve CIC, but it sug­ efforts they were defeated because of Mr. Ambassador V. K. Wellington Koo, to obtain gests some curious goings-on by Nationalist Acheson's skill in handling the entire F-51's from the Government. The applica­ agents. meeting, and ·because he worked with tions were made in July 1950, and again in On December 2, 1948, the CAF's Washing­ Mr. Dulles in a very effective way to November, and were turned down both times. ton office was instructed by its Formosa bring about the ultimately satisfactory Because of the increased military needs aris­ headquarters to remit $60,900 to a Chinese result. ing from the Korean war and rearmament major in Manila for the purchase of 300 program, F-51's were no longer available for army tents and 14 quonset huts. The entire United States delegation sale as surplus. Shortly thereafter there were press reports acted as Americans all the way through, working together for the cause in which OFFER OF F-4 7 'S of the overnight disappearance of hundreds of tents from Clark Field; i!l the ;philip­ we believe so deeply. Because of that But in connection with the second request pines. About a year later the Chinese major unity and the ~eal exhibition of bipar­ the American Air Force advised Mow and fled the Philippines and escaped to -Hong Hsiang that F-47's might be sold to them, tisanship at its best, the desired outcome Kong after Philippine authorities discovered was brought about. The contacts which even though they could have no F-51's. They he had been playing footie-footie with the applied at once for 100, and were told they Chinese Communists. we made with other countries were so could have 50. In a letter to a Member of successful that, as we all know now, we Congress, Hsiang describes what happened: REPORT BY SENATOR SMITH OF NEW were able to get all the countries ex­ "With your assistance, a favorable reply JERSEY ON JAPANESE PEACE TREATY cept Russia, Poland, and Czechoslovakia, dated December 19, 1950, was received [to the CONFERENCE to sign the treaty. Forty-nine nations, application for the planes] from the United States Government by our Embassy. After Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. Mr. including Japan, signed the treaty, which further negotiations between this offi~e and President, I ask unanimous consent to represents a new chapter in our relations the Pentagon, we were allowed to have 50 address the Senate for about 2 minutes. with the Far East, a new chapter along F-47's instead of 25 F-51's at the cost of The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Is the road toward world peace, and a de­ $8,360 each. there objection? The Chair hears none, fense against Russian aggression. "The F-47 actually has greater firepower I make these few remarks imme­ and can take more punishment from enemy and the Senator from New Jersey may fire due to its air-cooled engine. It is also proceed. diately upon my return. I returned the type we used satisfactorily in Formosa, Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. Mr. Presi­ early this morning. I wished to pay a a.long with the F-51. Besides, it is also a dent, I have just returned from the San special tribute to the two men whom 11122 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE SEPTEMBER 11 I have mentioned. I have never en­ them an opportunity to understand the DEPARTMENT· OF DEFENSE APPROPRIA- joyed a greater privilege than that of. problems and hear the points of view of TIONS, 1952 being a part of an American delegation various nations. Does not the Senator The PRESIDING OFFICER. The to do a world-wide job of this impor­ also believe that had it been possible· for Chair lays before the Senate the unfin­ tance. past conferences to be held in such an ished business, H. R. 5054. Mr. HICKENLOOPER. Mr. Presi­ atmosphere, secret agreements, such as The Senate resumed the consideration dent, will the Senator yield? the one at Yalta, would never have been of the bill

, .. 1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE Mr. CAIN. Mr. President, will the increment ·of value would increase acer­ the recommendations of those who said Senator from Nevada kindly yield, to tain number of hundreds of millions of we mus~ ratify the Italian treaty "this permit me to make an observation at this dollars. afternoon," or all kinds of terrible results point? WHO PAYS THE BOARD IN ITALY? would follow. I went along with that Mr. MALONE. I am very happy to. Having been in the engineering busi- point of view, and then le~rned to yield to the Senator from Washington. ness for 30 years and in the industrial regret it. Mr. CAIN. The experience of the engineering business for 15 years, the· On the basis of my own study a.~4 be- junior Senator from Washington in par­ junior Senator from Nevada immediate- cause of the progress of history I hope_ ticipating in the ratificatiOn of peace ly began to think about where they that some of the mistakes we made' in treaties is admittedly very limited. would get the money to pay for the board connection with the Italian Treaty are However, I recall with exceeding distress of the Italians required during the period not to be repeated in connection with that, a few years ago, on the advice of_ in which they were going to process the the . Japanese Treaty. I am not yet· others that immediate action was neces­ materials, and how many Italians would qualified to say whether comparable niis­ sary, and that thought would be given be required to do the work over the takes ~re IJOSsible or likely; I 1iimply tO the question at some later date, the· allotted period of 7 years. have no intention of voting to ratify the. Senator from Washington voted, with;. The junior seriator from Nevada stood, . ·Japanese ·Treaty until I know all there . out sufficient knowledge, for the ratifi:. · on the.fioqr of the senate, and estimated is that I can come to: know ·about it. cation of the Italian Peace Treaty. - that it would take 1-98,000 Italians work- Let me say to the se·nator from Ne- Mr. MALONE. That was a great . ing 8 ho~rs a day for 7 years to process . ·vada arid others who m·ay be interested· treaty: was it not? It hamstrung Italy. and manufacture the materials, to the that as a result· of the Italian Peace Mr. CAIN. The Senator from Wash­ extent that the increase in· the incre- Treaty ratification-and we seem not to ington is perfectly willing to admit, pub­ ment of value would amount_to the nee- have any way in which to change it-' licly and/ or privately, that he made a essary .hundreds- of millions of dollars. we prohibited the Italians from taking colossal mistake, and that the harm re­ It would require just about an even' bil.:. their proportfonate· and' necessary place: sulting from his decision and the deci­ lion dollars for the purpose of boarding ill the defense establishment in Europe · sions of others to vote too ·hastily for the the families of the necessary number of we seek thes·e days to build with ·vast · ratification of that natiop's ·treaty wni k d amounts of American mo.ney. I hope · linger on and be a real burden to this. wor ers uring that pei:iod. ) . that war will hot "come · now or in the'. country for a long time: At 'any rate, the· · There was no place to get the billion · future to western Europe, bUt ·should it. Senator from Washington has no inten-· dollars,. of course, except in the United · come within th-e f oreseeatile future, our tion of voting to ratify the Japanese States of America chances of being successfur with our Peace Treaty, or any other p~ace treaty, WE PAY THE BILL AND THE COMMUNISTS allies in Europe will be ever so much less until he has had an opportunity not only' suPERVIsE than they WO\lld have been had we taken - to consider carefully every word and pro­ I went into the matter in detail. -Dur- - more time to.consider the Italian Treaty vision within it, but also ' to give con-' ing the process I figured · it would take before we ratified 'it. What we aid was - sideration- to tlie consequences which about 14,000 Russian and Yugoslavian . ·to agree that Italy should not be per- · might :ft.ow from the Japanese TreatY-:­ foremen ·to supervise _the job, in order to ·mitted to use _more · than a small per­ which is the important item in our pres..: be sure that they got the materials-the centage of its total manpower , in the ent colloquy. · It has not yet appealed to· way they wanted them. building of a collective security effort in me that the Senate of the United States The foremen would not be loyal Amer- . Western Europe. If war comes to West­ ought overnight to· sign a treaty which icans or Italians; they would be Com- . ern Europe we shall find we need much 1 leaves without consideration a number munists, and their presence and position more help on our eastern Italian ·:flank - of questions which are important ·to would - have its effect on the Italian than we shall have, because we did not: America. Government. consider the possibility that by that: Mr. MALONE. Mr. President, I would I recall that all this was said in plain treaty we might so weaken the peninsula say tO the junior Senator from Washing­ words, but the bipartisan tidal wave . called Italy that in time of need it would ton that the junior Senator from Ne- · rolled over the Senate. I do not expect not be able to serve adequately in our vada is deeply concerned with what may the coming debate on the San Francisco. collective effort. happen after this treaty is r·atified, and "Japanese Peace Treaty to have ·much Therefore, Mr. President, I sincerely he is· highly encouraged by the words of effect, with so many prominent Re- compliment the Senator from Nevada · the junior Senator from Waship.gton. _- publicans lauding the Secretary of State for urging, as he is doing, that we should. for his wonderful foresight in preparing really be absolutely satisfied about what ITALIAN PEACE TREATY the -treaty, which in my opinion paves we are doing before we repeat, in the . I recall that at the time the Italian the way for the full control of China terms of the Japanese Treaty, without Treaty came before the Senate, there and Asia by Russia. I do not expect thought, what we did only a few years was a bipartisan tidal wave for rati­ the bipartisan tidal wave to be slackened ago in voting-for the Italian Treaty which fication. very much; 1 expect it to roll over the immediately became a solid road block to The junior Senator from Nevada at Senate just as it did in the case of the progress, health, and strength. that time sat over on the end seat, far' Italian Treaty-and be just as much ITALY'S POSITION IN . EUROPE REVERSE OF a way from the Presiding Officer, and his · regretted later on. JAPAN IN ASIA voice was hardly heard beyond the center aisle, I am sure, as he stood and argued THE REGRETTABLE ITALIAN TREATY · Mr. MALONE. Mr. President, I am for a sane consideration of the probable Mr. CAIN. Mr. President, will the very happy that the distinguished Sena­ results of the Italian Treaty. Under Senator yield in order that I may pay tor from Washington has so expressed that treaty Russia and Czechoslovakia him a very sincere compliment? himself. would provide the Italians with raw ma­ Mr. MALONE. I shall be glad to yield I would say, without extending debate terials. This was for the great, inde­ for that or for any other purpose. at this time, that the Japanese position pendent Communist, Mr. Tito, who is so · Mr. CAIN. The junior Senator from in Asia is the reverse of Italy's position different from Mr. Stalin, and who has Washington remembers, as though it in Europe, in that we wanted Italy to nothing to do 'With Mr. Stalip, except were yesterday, listening to the Senator join Europe to strengthen a European that. Mr. Stalin controls his trade, and from Nevada when he spoke against the coalition. totally controls his government. Italian treaty. The Senator from Wash­ JAPAN FORCED TO RECOGNIZE COMMUNIST REGIME Another dispatch this morning indi­ ington listened, but did not pay very IN CHINA cates that the Reds are now controlling much attention to what the Senator In Asia, the last thing in the world we the farmers of Yugoslavia. Yugoslavia from Nevada was saying. The Senator want the Japanese to do is to recognize and Russia under the Italian Treaty from Nevada and the Senator. from Communist China, and yet we are leav­ were to furnish a certain amount of raw WashingtqD- l:lad not long been Members ing them no alternative. materials. · -The raw materials were to of the Senate at that time; they were The fault will lie; not with the Japa­ be furnished by Yugoslavia and ·Russia young in experience. · I was prevailed nese, btit. with our. policy in China, our. to t~e Italians, who were to process the upon to accept, without scrutiny, with-· coming agreement to hold our troops· raw materials free of charge, so that the. out examination, or without thought, near the thirty-eighth parallel, and to 11126 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE SEPTEMBER 11 leave the remaiLder of Korea and China and legislative, why not go a step fur­ be a terrible thing to repudiate it and unprotected. The last thing we should ther and have just one branch?" As it disappoint the neighbor nation of Mex­ want the Japanese to do is to join our was suggested by the senior Senator ico. actual enemies, Communist China. from Texas that we have bipartisan con- At the time that was done I was 3,000 We are actually at war with Commu- trol by a handful of men on each side miles away in Nevada, one of the States nist China, although they have denied of the aisle cooperating with the execu­ afiected by that hasty action. it and have said that the Chinese army tive branch through the State Depart­ Those who engaged in that trade un­ is a volunteer army. They deny they ment, the junior Senator from Nevada derstood very little of what they were are at war with us, and yet we are nego- said that it would be just as reasonable doing. tiating an armistice with them. to have it understood that everything ENGLAND--ECONOMIC SQUEEZE ON IRAN Mr. President, I read something about sent down by the State Department Mr. President, I notice that Great Lincoln this morning. In the Civil War, would be passed by the Senate without Britain is putting ·an economic squeeze it was on the Union side that the United debate and that everything passed by on Iran. What is that squeeze? It is states negotiators sat down to talk about the Senate would be held to be consti­ set forth in an AP dispatch which ap­ peace; and they did not go in behind an tutional ·by the Supreme Court without pears on page 2 of the Washington armed guard. As a matter of fact, our argument. Government laid down the conditions of Obviously, Mr. President, everyone Times-Herald of today: the cease-fire arrangement. That con-· connected with such an arrangement BRITAIN PuTS CASH SQUEEZE ON IRAN CHIEF dition prevailed in all of our wars until should be impeached. LoNDON, September 10.-Britain today this world war three, or police action, as · ·Mr. President, I make that statement drastically revised her economic relations with Iran in a clear bid to force the already our President chooses to call it. · cognizant of the fact that the Constitu- wobbly government of aged Mohammed Mos­ We lost the conference, Mr. President, tion of the United States established sadegh out of office. so far as Asia is concerned, the first three independent branches of our Gov­ morning we walked in behind an armed ernment, the executive, the legislative, How does Britain do it? Let us con­ guard. and the judicial. Why did the founding tinue reading: AMERICANS DO NOT WANT JAPAN To RECOGNIZE fathers establish those three independ- This latest move in the months-old oil COMMUNIST CHINA ent branches? Because Ben Franklin dispute came as Tehran claimed some Com­ · and others were smart <.nough to know munist nati~:ms are entering the British­ Mr. President, I wish to say again that that one branch, or even two, might go lranian feud with bids to buy, fetch, and I believe we will all agree that the last haywire. In the opinion of the junior· carry Iran's nationalized oil. thing we want Japan to do is to recognize Senator from Nevada, two branches of * * * * Communist China, but from the time we our Government have gone haywire, and The British Treasury announced Britain recognized Soviet Russia in 1933, on will take these measures-which "can be through Casablanca, Yalta, Tehran, and one branch is left to save the country revoked whenever the Persian {lrnnian) Gov­ Potsdam, and now to Kaesong. every from complete collapse. ernment makes possible a solution to the oil move has pointed to one objective, and In view of the fact that the Constitu­ question": that is the complete control over China tion of the Unit~d States created three 1. Cut ~ff Iran's dollar supplies. and Asia by the Soviet Union. independent branches, to function sepa­ Will they cut of! the $25,000,0000 we rately, to act as checks and balances BIPARTISAN CONTROL have already sent there to make a deal · against one another, it is my qpinion for Great Britain and the $1 ,250 ,000 the Mr. President, I was reminded a while · that any man in this body, or elsewhere, ' ago by the distinguished junior Senator Export-Import Bank has arranged to who would enter into an agreement to loan to Iran. from Washington, of whom I am very circumvent the independent action of fond-and I have admired the fights he the separate branches would be entering 2. Stop Iran's sterling oil transactions and has made in the Senate when he knew control all other sterling transactions.· into a collusion and ought to be im­ 3. End Iran's right freely to transfer and he was right about something, regard­ peached. That is what the junior Sena­ convert her sterling-including her £14,- less of what others did-of that great tor from Nevada believc::s. 000,000 ($39,200,000) balance in London .bipartisan control of the Senate during I remember when Senator Donnell, of which backs the nation's internal currency. the first 3 years the junior Senator from Missouri, one of the great constitutional 4. Halt the export of scarce goods-includ­ Nevada and the junior E.;nator from lawyers of this country, was with us. At ing sugar, iron and steel, semimanufactures, Washington were Members of this au­ that time the junior Senator from Ne­ nonferrous metals, alloys and oil-to Iran. gust body. vada asked the Senator from Missouri Mr. President, we here are a part of We heard it said earlier today that bi­ what such action would be, and the that deal, otherwise it could not be car­ partisan control has worked wonderfully Senator from Missouri said it would be ried-out. · When one stands on the Sen­ well in the matter of the Japanese ~ollusion and that such persons should ate floor and asks that we not give treaty. As a matter of fact, it got na­ be impeached, if they tried to circum­ the taxpayers' money to·Britain, France, tions together to sign something none ·;rent the independent actions of the sep­ and. the other 14 Marshall-plan coun­ fully understood. None of the signers arate branches of the Government. tries to furnish Russia and the Iron-Cur­ seemed to realize that Japan not only The junior Senator from Washington tain countries the materials they need to had been left with a.free hand to recog­ has just outlined to us what happened fight world war III with us, what hap­ nize our enemy, but would be compelled to Italy through a treaty approved by pens? The bipartisan steamroller rolls to recognize our enemy in order to sup­ this Senate without adequate under­ over us again. The Kem-Wherry-Malone port her people. The Communists, standing. amendment is washed out, and author­ through the good offices of our State De­ We have all watched the great bi­ ity to continue the trade with Russia partment, will be in complete control of partisan tidal wave roll across this Sen­ and the Iron Curtain countries is put in China. ate in approving the gifts of billions the hands of the President and the Sec­ Bipartisanship has made that result upon billions of the taxpayers' money to retary of State, with an Administrator possible, Mr. President. foreign countries. whom the President will appoint as the I wish to call attention to a debate The junior Senator from Nevada saw mouthpiece. engaged in between the distinguished bipartisanship steamrolling along when Britain has already defied the United senior Senator from Texas [Mr. CoN­ he was not a Member of the Senate. A States of America, saying she would NALL Y] and the junior Senator from sectional issue was involved. Three continue such trade. Nevada. We had broken bipartisan con­ quarters of a million acre-feet of water We are entering into a cash squeeze trol in this body, but a few Members of . of the Colorado River belonging to West­ against Iran, along with Britain, to bring the Senate, including the senior Sena­ ern States was traded for Rio Grande about the resignation of the Premier of tor from Texas, seemed to want to bring water for Texas. Iran, a nation which wants to be friendly it back. ... That was done on the Senate floor. to us. In that debate the junior Senator from It was said that that trade was made EVERY MOVE FOR 19 YEARS TOWARD COMMUNIST Nevada said, "If we are going to have because there was an international ob­ CONTROL bipartisan control, and ignore the con­ ligation to fulfill an implied promise of Mr. President, we have a foreign pol­ stitutional separation of the executive such a treaty. It was said that it would icy, make no mistake about that. . Some 1951 · CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 11127 . persons may say we do not have a for .. tal China-in fact, an· of continental to proceed promptly to bring Japan back eign policy, or that if we do, it is a China-behind the iron curtain. among the free nations of the world. mixed-up policy. It is not a mixed-up It was for that reason that several It has been mentioned on the floor of policy. years ago voices were ·raised in the the Senate today that the bipartisan Enry move our Government has made Senate of the United States which were policy was something which should be for 19 years has pointed toward the ulti­ critical of that policy, urging that· we criticized. As one who supported the mate loss of Asia, and now we are enter­ develop a defense system in the Pacific, late_;and I thii:ik great-Senator Arthur ing into a plot against Iran. so that while we were closing the door to Vandenberg on the floor of the Senate, Mr. President, the junior Senator from communism in Europe, the door would I believe that the bipartisan foreign pol­ Nevada went through the Abadan plant not be left wide open in· Asia. I believe icy in Europe made a valuable contribu­ in Iran in 1948. He saw the two or three that the administration paid ·some · tion to the security of the free world hundred thousand Iranians who had heed-:-and propez:ly so-to the' criticisms against the encroachments of interna­ raised their standard of living some­ - which were raised on the floor of the tional communism. Senator Vanden­ what through employment This rep­ Senate. I believe that it is a matter berg himself, on the floor of the Senate, resented only a small percentage of the which is of vital concern to our country before his death, made it perfectly clear total of 17,000,000 people in Iran. He and to the Senate, that Japan shall not that the full consultation which had visited With the King of Saudi Arabia, be allowed to go the way China was been carried on in regard to Europe had ibn Saud, for a while. I have a first­ allowed to go, into the Communist orbit. not at that time been carried on in re­ hand knowledge of the Iranian situa­ As I pointed out very briefly yesterday, I gard to Asia. Many of us were -very tion. believe that Mr. Dulles and the other critical of the administration. Before The reason for the present situation representatives of the American delega­ the great catastrophe of the loss of is that Great Britain for years has not tion who were at San Francisco deserve China had taken place, there had not been paying a proper royalty on the oil great praise for the job they have accom­ been the same type of bipartisan coop­ which is produced in Iran. A maximum plished. eration and discussion with respect to of 17 cents a barrel has been paid for oil Gen. Douglas MacArthur, who perhaps Asia. But having made that criticism, produced by Britain. Across the line in. has more knowledge of Japan and condi­ again I say that I believe the adminis­ Saudi Arabia the Americans are paying tions in the Far East than any other tration gave heed to a responsible mi­ from 40 to 60 cents a barrel royalty on living American, feels that it is extreme­ nority party, which made its position oil produced there. ly important that the occupation be clear in the Senate and throughout the That is the root of the trouble, Mr. brought to a close, and that Japan be country. President. The British held down the incorporated among the free nations of Mr. Dulles, a distinguished Republi­ / royalty payments, and are. not offering the world. can, was asked to take a leading part in to pay proper royalties now. As I pointed out yesterday, I believe the drafting of the Japanese peace We are sending $25,000,000 of Ameri­ that the step which we took in San Fran­ treaty. The Senate Foreign Relations can money, with probably $75,000,000 cisco was a great diplomatic triumph for Committee was kept fully informed as to more to come, to buy the Iranians off. the free world. For the first time, in the the progress being made in the negotia­ The Export-Import Bank has negotiated Far East, at least, we seized the initiative tions which preceded the final draft. _ a loan of $1,250,000 more. Thus we en­ from the Soviet Union. At the San Furthermore, representatives of the Re­ ter into a cash squeeze on Iran to force Francisco Conference the Soviet Union publican Party were included in the dele­ the resignation of their chief, so that the received one of the greatest diplomatic gation which went to San Francisco. I dollars can be kept from Iran. England, defeats that has ever been administered believe that all those things were steps along with the other Marshall plan na­ to it. in the right direction. t:.ons are laughing up their sleeves at us. There was some discussion to the ef­ I certainly yield to no person in my They take our money and spenci it for fect that, because of the stringent rules bitter oppositipn to the admission of social security, eyeglasses, false teeth, in San Francisco, sufficient time for dis­ Communist China into the United Na­ free hospitalization, and other things. cussion was not permitted. But we know tions or its recognition by the Govern­ And we, in the Senate, are subject to the fact is that the representatives of the ment of the United States.· . I believe . the tidal wave of bipartisan control. Soviet Union had come to San Francisco that it would be a fallacious thing and THE JAPANESE PEACE TREATY primarily for the purpose of sabotaging a catastrophic thing for this Nation, CONFERENCE the conference and obstructing the work either directly or indirectly, to permit Communist China to shoot its way into Mr. KNOWLAND. Mr. President, in of making peace with Japan so that Ja:. pan might be included among the free the United Nations or to give the Chi­ my opinion the Republican Party has a neses Communists a pat on the back, great responsibility in the situation nations of the world. The Russians were not successful in their effort to sabotage when they have already been established which exists at the present time. I have as the aggressors in Korea, and when never believed that our party should be and obstruct. Finally, on schedule, the treaty was signe.d on last Saturday. Chinese Communists are even today one of carping criticism. I feel that the shooting American and United Nations party has a responsibility to criticize the I believe that we would greatly weak­ en our position among the nations of the forces in Korea. administration in power wl;len it has done Mr. President, I believe that we have a things which deserve criticism. Cer­ world, and in the opportunity we now have, if for a period of 4 or 5 months better chance of holding Japan in the tainly the senior Senator from Califor­ free world, and of keeping the State De­ nia has from time to time been critical we, in effect, sat on our hands and did nothing about the treaty. No · Member partment on the right track-on which of our foreign policy in the Far East I think it has now gotten in the Far when he believed that such criticism was of the Senate maintains that there East-if and when the administration warranted. should not be adequate and ample de­ takes the steps which we have suggested I also feel that, as a party having a bate. No one is proposing that the treaty be rushed through in a day or a in the past it receives our approval for great responsibility, as one of the two such steps, and not merely carping great political parties in this Nation, week. There are some mechanical prob­ criticism. when the administration has proceeded lems connected with the treaty which Mr. President, the Republicans have along a line which deserves commenda­ will require some time before it can ac­ a great party. It has' a great tradition. tion instead of condemnation, we should tually be before the Senate. In the nor­ mal procedure of treaty making Japan I do not believe, in any sense of the word, be among the first to ppint out that fact. that the Republican Party has been an · For a period of years the Republicans would be the first nation to act upon the isolationist party. Under Abraham Lin- . in the Senate and in the country had treaty. That may require a period of 30 coln and his great Secretary of State, Mr. been critical of a policy in the Far East days. But certainly we should leave no Seward, we obtained Alaska. Under a sometimes referred to as ''waiting for the doubt in the minds of the free people of Republican President, McKinley the Na­ dust to settle." The senior Senator from the world. Having achieved this diplo­ tion recognized that we had become a California has been no less critical than matic triumph in San Francisco, we world power and must assume our fair others in .regard to this policy, which I should not, in effect, indicate that we share of the responsibility. Under Pres­ believe was responsible to ·no small ex~ have now cooled off and are going to sit ident Theodore Roosevelt this Nation tent for the passage of most of continen- on our hands, or that it is not necessary made itself felt in world affairs. 11128 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE SEPTEMBER 11

I believe that the country desperately THE JAPANESE PEACE TREATY AND THE ENGLAND PUTS ENGLAND FIRST needs us to assume the responsibilities of FUTURE OF ASIA The foreign policy of England was the executive branch of the Govern­ Mr. MALONE. Mr. President, I be­ voiced by one of England's great prime ment. I believe that we must be pre­ lieve the administration's actions to date ministers in 1858 or 1859. pared· to assume our full share in the has made recognition of ·Communist England does not follow the policy of direction of our foreign policy. · China by the United Nations inevitable; dissipating its wealth. It does not follow I do not believe this Nation can return and certainly their actions have made the policy .of turning the thumbscrews to isolationism any more than an adult the recognition of Communist China by on the taxpayers of England for the can return to childhood, regardless of the Japanese inevitable. benefit of foreign nations. However, let how pleasant the recollections may be. us pass that by. The fact of the matter is that, for better STATE DEPARTMENT PROMOTED COMMUNIST CHINA RECOGNITION Let us consider what a great Prim.e or for worse, there are only two great Minister of England said. He did not powers in the world today-the· Soviet By our own action we have gained the make the policy. He voiced a long­ Union and the United States of America. support for them which they needed in established policy when he said: "We If we withdraw, if we create a vacuum, order to be recognized, starting with have no permar.ent friendships or per­ the Soviet Union will occupy that space. Acheson's statement before the joint manent enmities; we have but perma­ It is not in the interest of our Nation, it meeting of Congress last year to the ef­ nent interests." Analyze that and see is not in the interest of the free world, fect that we would not use the veto what it means. The policy has been re­ to permit all of Europe to be overrun power in the United Nations to prevent iterated by several subsequent Prime by the Soviet Union, with its 400,000,000 recognition of Communist China. He Ministers of England. industrious people, the cradle of western has never changed that statement. Of President Roosevelt, in 1945, said in civilization, and with its vast industrial course, no one knows what individual effect to Mr. Churchill: "Why do you not potential. _ assurances have been given, what secret relinquish your claims on the Malay By the same token, Mr. President, in agreer..:.ents have been entered into. States? They will get us into trouble." my judgment, it is not in the interest of Mr. President, as the junior Senator What did Churchill reply? the United States, it is not in the in­ from Nevada has stated, he expects the The junior Senator from Nevada con­ terest of the free world, to permit in­ resignation of Mr. Acheson within 60 siders Churchill one of the greatest ternational communism to overrun the days, immediately following the present statesmen the world has ever produced. areas of Asia which are outside the wave of bipartisan appTOval of the Japa­ He is for England. He is for the best iron curtain. In my judgment, if the nese Treaty. interests of England. He has a knack of Soviet Union and its satellites are per­ Russia wants peace in Asia. Why? clothing his thoughts in phrases which mitted to absorb the billion and a quarter She wants it because we have virtually ring around the world. Even a school people of Asia, with the vast natural re­ agreed not to interfere with her conquest child could remember them. sources of that land, it would be an al­ of China. Churchill answered Mr. Roosevelt, "I most impossible task to expect to stop The maximum demands we have made · have not become the King's First Minis­ them in Europe, with the vast manpower at Kaesong assure her a free hand in ter in order to preside over the liquida­ and all the strategic materials they China, enabling her to consolidate her tion of the British Empire." Mr. Roose­ v.·ould have at their command. gains. velt said no more, because the United Mr. President, I have never been one Also, we have sealed off Nationalist States would have had no friend in Eng­ who has advocated an Asia-first policy, China, which we recognized as the offi­ land had he insisted on stopping colonial contrary to some statements which have cial Chinese government and we have slr,very in the Far East. been made. l have felt that interna­ bottled her up on Formosa, with our own Now we are told by France that we tional communism is a global menace. fleet in front of her. And then we did not must send troops and additional help to I have felt that it was a mistaken policy invite Nationalist China to the peace Indochina. Why? To help hold its to try to clorn the door on communism conference in San Francisco. That was colonial slavery claims. in Europe and feave it wide open in the final slap in the face. Of course Asia. I have felt that the Republican Nationalist China is gone. Our State COLONIAL SLAVERY Party as a great political par'ty, has a Department saw to that. Of course Mr. President, to make the position of responsibility to the Nation to point out Japan must recognize Communist China the junior Senator from Nevada clear defects in our foreign policy wherever in order to trade and live, because she for all time, he is not for England's poli­ they may exist. I also have felt that as a will not be allowed to trade with Com­ cy of colonial slavery, or the policy . of responsible party, when the administra­ munist China without first recognizing colonial slavery of any other nation. · tion followed the advice of the Repub­ her. He believes that the best thing Ameri­ lican Party and began taking an interest ca could do would to be denounce it and in the Far East, and building up a sys­ IT IS COMMON SENSE, NOT ISOLATIONISM stop supporting it. If we did so, over­ tem of collective security through the Mr. President, there have not been night we would have all the Moslems of treaties with the Philippines and with bandied· about the words "isolationism" the world on our side. We would have Australia and New Zealand, and other and "liberalism." Let me say, Mr. Presi­ the support of the African peoples. We steps in that direction, the administra­ dent, that those of us who are against would have with us all the people of the tion was entitled to be commended for dissipating the wealth of the United wcrld who want to escape from slavery. its efforts. States and dividing the taxpayers' CAPITALISM REPRESENTED BY COLONIAL SLAVERY I believe we have many problems fac­ money with all the nations of the world What choice are we giving the people ing us as a country which are not nar­ are the same ones who favor protecting of the world? We are giving them a rowly Democratic or Republican prob­ the best interests of the United States choice between capitalism and .commu­ lems. They are American problems. I of America. believe that on the issues now facing us, nism. Capitalism unfortunately is rep­ ~et us base our position on what is resented in half the world by colonial which may mean the life, not only of good for the United States of America. this Nation, but of free people every­ slavery. where, we must asi._ume our full share Le.t us be for the United States of Amer­ Russia says she is goi!lg to free the of responsibility. We must be willing ica as Churchill is for England. What is · colonial peoplc3 from the system of colo­ and able to assume that share of leader­ the matter with that position? Let us be nial slavery. Such statements have ship, rather than merely sitting back for England as Churchill is for the their effect, of course. and criticizing the administration. United States of America. What is the OUR OWN SECURITY AND WELL-BEING They are now doing something ·which matter with that position? Then we Mr. President, I am for the United they should have done long ago, but, would know where we were going. We States of America, just as Churchill is having now seen the light, they are be­ would then defend, as England has al­ for England; and I am for England just ginning to walk the paths that have been ways done, what is necessary to defend as·churchill is for the United States of outlined for them and should be com­ fo:'." our own safety, security and welfare. America. I am in favor of defending mended for. their efforts. · Let us make that our slogan. any area in Europe or Asia that may be 1951 C{)NGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 11129 determined by the Secretary of Defense Today without our paying the bill, 20 or agreement thereafter coming before and our State Department, having percent of the men in England cannot the Senate. As a matter of fact, in the knowledge, of the weapons available to find sufficient work to make ~ a living. belief of the junior Senator from Ne­ t;.S in the laborntories and the v,: 3apons The same situation exists in the other vada, Mr. President, the pact, though already available, to be important to countries of Europe. kept from us, had already been written our safety and well-being. However, some of our people say that before the resolutions were presented to The areas important to our safety · we must send American boys to Europe as the Senate. change from time to time. They bait, so those countries will know we are LED STEP BY STEP, LIKE CHILDREN, BY THE changed with the advent of the airplane, for them-as if two world wars were not PLOTTERS and they are changing again with the suffici£nt. Mr. President, we are told We were assured that there was no development of guided m~ssiles and that your boy and my boy and all other commitment; we were told that, fol­ atomic submarines, and they will change American boys must be sent to Europe lowing the resolutions, any pact which with the development of atomic-pro­ or Asia to f·.irnish the foot soldiers to was iJroposed would come up in the Sen­ pelled airplanes. engaae the hordes in the very kind of ate for approval. It is true that that · WE DEFEND RUTHLESS EMPIRE BUILDING war that we cannot hope to win. did occur, but the pact was brought be­ Mr. President. it does not make sense OUR BOYS KILLED; OUR TAXES RAIUEO--FAKE CRY: fore us for only perfunctory considera­ for us to make pacts with other nations "ISOLATIONIST" • tion; the real approval had been given saying to them: "Henceforth when you · Mr. President, the people of the United through the resolutions. are in trouble, we are in trouble." S~ates are beginning to think. After What came next? The arms-to-Eu­ HoW'do they get into trouble? They 160,000 of our American boys that have rope bill came next. Every person. who get into trouble in the way that Britain been maimed, killed, or lost in the fight­ read the report on the pact knew that got into trouble in Iran. where i?he did ing in Korea-not BOJ)OO, as has been the arms-to-Europe bill was inevitable. not pay properly for the oil; or in the stated by the authorities, but 160,000- Nevertheless, we were assured, "Oh, no; way that Britain and France got into ' the people of the United States are be­ the Senate will have a chance to fully trouble in th'e Malay states and in In­ ginning to think. debate such a bill." dochina, by enforcing their systems of Soon we shall be confronted with a tax ' However, Mr. President, the so-called colonial slavery; or in the way Britain bill which we cannot pay; the Congress bipartisan tidal wave put through a got ·into trouble in Africa. by holding is about to pass. the new tax bill with hasty approval on the fioor of the large areas of land in upper Egypt with­ more of the bipartisan control. Senate. out.proper authority, and by maladmin­ Mr. President, I hope there is an end I was bold enough to say that on the istration in other parts of Africa. to the silly charge of "isolationism" heels of the Vandenberg resolutions, the I stopped unexpectedly to see the gov­ which is bandied about here. Unless pact, and then the arms-to-Europe bill, ernor of one of the British-controlled one favors the Japanese treaty, which there would come the seriding of our Sudan areas of Africa, upper Egypt. carries with it the recognition by the boys and girls to Europe. Well, Mr. Mr. President, the British have no more Japanese of Communist China, unless President, they are in Europe now. The right in upper Egypt than we have. hJ favors the reckless and wanton ex­ Senate was led to approve an unlimited Nevertheless, Britain continues to hold penditure of the taxpayers· money, and armed force to Europe in easy stages. on to upper Egypt, simply because Brit­ all of the other proposals which come to One need only read the debate which ain has · been able to do so. the fioor of the Senate, without debate, occurred at that time to see the well he is called an isolationist, or it is said thought out plan. OUR MONEY AIDED SOCIALIZATION OF ENGLAND that he is opposing the proper defense Theo those who favored the action Britain is able to do these things be­ of America. My constituents in Nevada · said, "We will never send more than 6 cause of our money and support. When and, I believe, all the people of the divisions-90,000 men." . I was in England I examined a number u ·nited States understand v.rhat a give­ However, spon after that date the of coal mines and steel mills in the Bir­ away artist is, and the,Y understand great Marshall, when testifying before a mingham area. I did not find one owner something about the shortcomings of · coI)lmittee, said in rather an offhand re­ ~ . ho wanted any of the Marshall pls.n the so-called great bipartisan policy. mark that perhaps we would send as money. Vl.NDENBERG RESOLUTIONS BEGINNING OF THE many as 400,000 of. our boys to Europe. I said to some of them, "Are you wait­ END That offhand remark by him was made ing for the Marshall plan money?" They in a manner somewhat similar to the replied, "We just want to keep them out I regret that the name of a dead man · was brought into this debate. He is gone one in wh~ch he made at Hai:vard Uni­ of our hair, because-if we take any of versity in regard to the sending of the money, our steel plants will be na­ now, but I agreed with very little that he did while he was on the Senate fioor. money from the United States to Europe, tionalized." They hoped to avoid na­ the suggestion which developed into the tionalization, but they were not able to He threw bipartisan support to the Ital­ ian treaty. He authored the Vanden­ great Marshall plan. do so. Mr. ·Marshall had no idea of. the im­ Mr. President, today we support a So­ berg resolutions. What were the Vandenberg resolu­ port of what he was saying at that time. cialist government in Britain. However, ,Mr. Bevin, of England, knew Mr. President, the United States is tions, Mr. President? If Senators will read the debate which occurred at that what was meant. Mr. Marshall had fully capable of def ending any area of scarcely taken his seat, following the the world that at any particular moment time, they will learn what those resolu­ tions were. delivery of that speech, before Mr Bevin is important to our security and well- · caught the ball on the first bounce, in being. However, we must concentrate When the Vandenberg resolutions were brought before the Senate, we were . Europe; and within 60 days he had told upon a proper defense, and that defense t:s just how much the great Marshall will be air power and submarine power told that very little time was available for debate and that it was necessary to plan would cost us. and not foot soldiers. Mr. President, the . American people Even if every man, woman, and child hurry. Nevertheless, I did debate 'those resolutions with their author, and I said are being led, driven, and coerced into a in America were · pressed into service, foreign policy about which they are not America would not be able to match the that that was the first time in our his­ tory that the Congress had ever officially informed; and tr.t4-'1Ugh it their sub­ number of foot soldiers of China. In stance is being dissipated. strictly hand-to-hand confiict, our approved the negotiation of a treaty or pact by the Secretary of State or the It is time that we called a halt and forces would not be able to slacken the examined critically the actions by irre­ advance of the Chinese foot soldiers. President of the United -States without first having it written out in detail so sponsible people in the State Depart­ EUROPEAN NATIONS OVERPOPULATED that we could know what we were ap- · ment. ·It is foolish for the United States to proving. · PREP.ARE FOR KIND OF WAR WE CAN WIN send foot soldiers to Europe, where the I said that if we adopted the Vanden­ Mr. President, we cannot have the countries are already heavily over­ berg resolutions, we would be morally largest army in the world, the largest populated. committed to accept any proposed pact · navy in the world, and the largest air XCVII-7-00 11130 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE . SEPTEMBER 11 force in the world. That is an impos .. ments, but no country could force a third New York Times, Saturday, September 8. sibility which we must face. country to fix such tariffs or import fees Mr. President, the last thing in the What we must consider is how the to favor its own trade. They call such world which this administration wants next war will be fought. Within .. the rates Empire preferential rates. to do is to stop inflation. They do not next year the answer to that question FOREIGN CURRENCIES-MANIPULATIONS-"FREE" want to tie up the infiation balloon will be so plain that the small school­ . TRADE which is destroying our currency. They children of our country will understand The junior Senator from Nevada also · want the inflation of the dollar bill to it. proposed, as a further condition of any continue to soar. It is obvious that the next war will be ' gift-loans to the nations of Europe, that STOLEN ONE-HALF OF SAVINGS AND INSURANCE fought under the sea and in the air. there be a free interchange of the cur- ' The Senate of the United States has Today we have 3,500,000 soldiers. In­ rencies of such nations between them­ been a party to deliberately stealing stead, we need 3,000,000 men in the Air selves, in terms of the dollar, thus pre­ more than one-half the savings and the Force. We need a large Air Force, larger cluding the manipulation of the value of insurance and the incomes of the people than the army of foot soldiers. · such currencies for unfair trade advan­ of the United States of America­ Let us have a Powerful Air Force of tage. and we are keeping up the theft-steal­ 200 air groups or whatever number may The great free-trade masquerade has ing more of the people's savings every be needed. We can develop such an air been debated.on the fioor of the Senate day through inflation. power and we can control the air over under the name of reciprocal · trade. Mr. President, I ask unanimous con­ any area in the world important to our Under the so-called reciprocal trade pro­ sent to . have printed in the RECORD at safety. We should build a submarine visions the products of any nation of this point, as a part of my remarks, an fieet sufficient to blockade any nation the world may come into this country article entitled "Snyder Insistent on No seeking to move into any area to our . without consideration being given to the Rise in Gold," which appeared in the disadvantage. difference in costs due to the difference New York Times, Saturday ~ September Mr. President, I hope we will soon hear in the wage standards and the standards 8, 1951. the last of the talk of isolationism. of living. There being no objection, the article Every man who does not go off the deep GOVERNMENT OF "EMERGENCIES" was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,° end is branded an isolationist. It seems A continual emergency must exist as follows: to be isolationism, Mr. President, when in order to enable the Ga.vernment to get SNYDER INSISTENT ON No RISE IN GOLD--IN- ' we ask for details. · more money from the taxpayers and to TERRUPTS TALKS WITH . WESTERN MINISTERS SAFEGUARDS: FIRST, A UNITED STATES OF EUROPE TO SAY UNITED STATES WILL NOT CONSENT get more money through the sale of TO HIGHER PRICE It will be remembered that when we bonds to keep the economy rolling. debated on. the great Marshall plan the Without an emergency the economy of (By Felix Belair, Jr.) junior Senator from Nevada asked that this country would .crumble within 90 WASHINGTON, September 7.-Secretary of the Treasury John W. Snyder interrupted a few reasonable conditions he placed on · days. talks with the finance ministers of Britain, the furnishing of the money: First, the As a matter of fact, since 1934 there France and Italy today to say the United formf;l,tion of a United States of Europe, has been a deliberate plan to wreck the States remained unalterably opposed to any which would prevent each of these coun­ economy of this Nation-through free increase in the price of gold over the figure tries continuing as a government of dic­ trade, deficit financing, taxes manipu­ of $35 an ounce in effect since 1934. tators, kings, or princes, with no coopera­ lated to discourage private invest­ Anticipating a renewal of demands to tion at all with any of the other coun­ raise the price at next week's meeting of ments and the SEC. In the opinion of the International Monetary Fund and Inter­ tries. I call attention to the fact that the junior Senator from Nevada it was national Bank for Reconstruction and De­ one of the countries receiving our money never intended that any regulatory body velopment, Secretary Snyder tol~ a news recently retired its king on $120,000,, the of any State or of the Nation should have conference he could see no good reason for annual ·pay of eight United States Sen­ the power to determine feasibility be­ the United . States Government to pay a ators. fore allowing the-sale of stock. No; it higher price for gold. Other European countries retain roy­ was meant that the regulatory body secretary Snyder and other top-level om­ alty whom we shall support for the rest . should determine that the prospective cials of the Treasury and State Departments are being sounded out by the visiting dele­ of their liv~s. buyer of the stock is being told the-truth; . gations for their 'reaction to economic prob­ We never determined where our money that is all. lems of their·separate countries. is going or why. Should a United States NO ONE SERIOUSLY TRYING TO STOP INFLATION Senator, elected by a sovereign State, DEARER GOLD HELD INFLATIONARY Mr. President, there is one other ac­ It was the Secreta~y's position that ·noth­ try. to determine where the taxpayers' tion which is assisting in wrecking the ing would .contribute more to a world-wide money is going? That would be a ter­ economy of this country. No one is try­ inflation of prices than an increase in the rible thing; it might set a precedent in ing to stop infiation. The effort to make price of newly mined gold. the United States Senate-it might run it appear that the President wants to stop The demands of ofilcial protocol having counter to the bipartisan policy. infiation is the greatest hoax ever sold to bee:o. met, Secretary Snyder and Hugh Gait­ INTEGRITY OF INVESTMENTS IN AREAS WE DEFEND skell, Britain's Chancelor of the Exchequer, this country. If the President wants to sat down with their experts today to talk The junior Senator from Nevada asked stop inflation he can stop it. He is about Britain's current economic and finan­ the European ·countries receiving our afraid to stop it. cial problems and the worse ones in prospect. money be required to guarantee the in­ In 1934 we cut the string that tied There was no particular upshot of the tegrity of private investments in those the money to a sound principle of finan­ talks . and none is expected. In substance, countries. No; we could not do that, but cing. That is, the metal behind it. the British are trying to explain well in ad­ vance of the fact why it may be necessary we can initiate the great Point 4 pro­ The gold and . the silver. We cut later to take certain unpalatable economic gram, so that we can guarantee the in­ that string, and the balloon has decisions. tegrity of our own investments any place been soaring ever since. No one knows Britain's terms of trade have been running in the world. Try that on a banker where it is now. We would like to know. against her. In consequence, her b~lance of some time-try to get him to guarantee We would like to know the status of our payments has taken an unfavorable turn. the integrity of the investment you pro­ currency, so that the gold price could Mr. Gaitskell is telling this Government. that pose to make with the money you bor­ again be fixed to back up the currency. it will be neceS:Sary to reduce imports from row from him. Yes, it is silly, but we The money which we use for a common the United States still further. Solid rows of statistics have been submit­ are doing it here. · exchange must be based upon confidence ted to the Treasury that suggest that Britain ACCESS TO MARKETS WE DEFEND in such medium of exchange-that con­ sees no other way out; that it may become The junior Senator from Nevada also fidence is rapidly disappearing. necessary for Britain to force .exports on the suggested that the United States should SNYDER INSISTS NO RISE IN GOLD PRICE world market in order to keep up income. She will have to deprive her nationals of con­ have access to the markets of the areas I note an article under the headline sumer goods to make this possible. which we · are committed to defend. · "Snyder Insistent on No Rise in Gold; It is implicit in the explanation of British It would mean that any country in the Interrupts Talks with Western Ministers payment difficulties that it is to be hoped world. could fix an import fee or a tariff · to Say United States Will Not Consent To the United States will appreciate'the circum­ to protect. its own workers and invest- Higher Price," which appeared in the stances that makes necessary the unpopular 1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 111.31 course of action to come but that it will the writing of the Japanese Peace Treaty, penditure. I recognize the fact that the have to come, no matter how much fuss is and who was a party to everything that need for economy in all Government ex­ made about it on this side. Substantially the same line of explanation is now resulting in the loss of China and penditures is inperative. It cannot be is expected from Mr. Gaitskell at the meeting the ultimate loss of Asia. confined to the ordinary functions of next week of the International Monetary There is no choice for the Japanese the Government alone. It must embrace Fund. The fund's articles require that people, who are customarily hard-work­ the military expenditures as well. The members remove restrictions on interna­ ing people. They can fight and they very nature of the situatioq, however, tional payments by next March. 'Britain has can work and they will do both, but they makes it difficult to impose the type of no intention of removing her exchange re­ will have to join Communist China be­ reductions and budget savings that have strictions or to end discrimination against cause we have brought about the loss of been approved with reference to other dollar imports. China to the Communists. bills. This position will have to be communi­ cated to the fund, since the subject of ex­ We are the ones who have destroyed Therefore, our emphasis in the case change restrictions has a prominent place Nationalist China. The last backhanded of military expenditures must be on the on the agenda of the meeting and the fund slap in the face of Nationalist China was· side of efficiency and the strong deter­ has announced it will soon press for aban­ the failure to recognize them at the San mination to get full value for every dol­ donment or modification of present restric­ Francisco Conference, or to collaborate lar spent. That is why, Mr. President, tions on payments. with them in the preparation of the I introduced on May 28 Senate Joint BRITAIN TO SEEK 5 YEARS' GRACE Japanese treaty. Resolution 145, to create a watchdog Britain is expected to move eventually for DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE APPROPRIA­ committee to continue to examine the amendment of the articles of agreement to TIONS, 1952 expenditures of funds both at the mili­ provide another 5 years of grace, during tary and the domestic level or at the which existing trade and payments restric­ The Senate resumed the consideration administrative level. tions may be maintained. It is unlikely, of the bill Maryland, and West Virginia. Co. for $4,000,000. In 1943 this coopera­ April 1940, largely through the efforts of It is composed of 7 subsidiary corpora­ tive joined with the Central Cooperative the Indiana Farm Bureau Corp. They . tions, 80 cooperative retail-service stores, Wholesale of Superior, Wis., the Midland reported a business volume for the year 3 cooperative freezer-locker plants, 17 Cooperative Wholesale of :Minneapolis, ending June 1946 of more than $3,000,- petroleum cooperatives, and 3 mar­ Minn., the Farmers Union Central Ex­ 000. At the same time they announced keting cooperatives. It also operates change of St. Paul, Minn., and the Farm­ that they expected to reach a volume of three fertilizer plants-one in Norfolk ers Union State Exchange of Omaha, business in 1947-48 of approximately and two in Baltimore-and it is under­ Nebr., and organized the National Co­ $19,000,000. stood others are soon to be constructed operative Refinery Association with an Shortly after its organization this co­ authorized capital of $2,010,000. This in Nashville, Tenn.; Winchester, Ky.; newly organized cooperative then pur­ operative purchased the Ohio Cultivator and Bowling Green, Ky. Co., which is now operated as one of chased the 17,500-barrel refinery of the their divisions. In the year prior to In addition to distributing farm sup­ Globe Oil & Refining Co. at an estimated their absorption by this cooperative the plies through its own retail outlets, the cost of $5,000,000. Prior to 1943 the Ohio Cultivator Co., operating as a pri­ Southern States Cooperative also sells Globe Oil and Refining Co., which they vate company, paid income tax of $197,- through 59 independent local cooperative · purchased, had been payirig Federal in­ 000. As previously mentioned in similar associations and some 484 private dealer come taxes for the previous 11 years. In­ cases, this revenue is now lost to the agencies. The supplies consist of feed, cluded in this purchase was a 229-mile Treasury Department for as long a pe­ fertilizer, -seed, petroleum, and farm pipe line from McPherson, Kans., to riod as cooperatives enjoy the present supplies. · Council Bluffs, Iowa. They own and tax exemption. The following table shows the dollar operate 1,000 miles of pipe line. At the end of 1946 they were pumping 448 oil THE SOUTHERN STATES _ COOPERATIVE, INC., volume, net earnings, total assets, and well~. RICHMOND, VA •. net worth of Southern States Coopera­ tive for the 10-year period 1938 to 1947, In 1946 the Consumers Cooperative This cooperative was originally organ­ Association sales volume equaled $26,- ized in 1923 as the Virginia Seed Service. inclusive: 243,652. 71; earnings for this samP. year were reported at $1,665,298.82. Dollar value Net earnings Total assets Net worth Th_e manager of this giant cooperative has been given the credit for coining the $7, 949, 829. 91 $177, 185. 53 $2, 419, 636. 76 $1, 026, 278. 88 phrase 'factories are free to coopera- 7, 868, 899. 75 433, 483. 27 2, 771, 207. 90 1, 303, 955. 32 tives." · 1940_mt======------~ --=====--- =- ======------10, 168, 855. 76 5.90, 097. 64 3, 165, 858. 48 1, 403, 633. 77 194 1 -. ------~ - - 11, 513, !Xl5. 19 581, 201. 22 4, 169, 589. 56 2, 098, 083. 91 . The operations of this glant coopera­ 1942_ ---_: ------17, 723, 696. 23 1, 093, 795. 45 6, 491 , 625. 78 3, 275, 699. 31 tive had reached such staggering pro­ 1943_ ------_._------27, 503, 932. 87 1, 596, 689. 88 7, 343, 119. 82 4, 682, 808. 74 19441945 _-______------_____---_----___ --______------_-_-_ 40, l~O, 581. 0'2 2, 719, 067. 66 8, 911, 887. 29 6, 915, 234. 38 portions and llaQ. drif tep so far from the 40, 459, 448. 01 1, 312, 241. 63 9, 703, 300.14 8, 687, 127. 83 original concept of a farmer cooperative 1946_ ------__: _------~ - ---_._--- _.: _- 41, 939, 193. 0'2 1, 392, 916. 44 12, 685, 968. 62 11, 430, 945. 38 1947 ------. 53, 162, 125. 85 ~. 512, 161. 66 19, 449, 279. ~ 13, 988, 002. 21 that last year Hon. Edward~. Arn, the attorney general for the State of Kansas thought it necessary to instig.ate a suit As this table shows, during this 10-year This cooperative does not distribute · asking for the dissolution · of this giant period Southern States' assets increased patronage dividends in cash but in stocks cooperative, which, using his own terms, from $2,419,636.76 to $19,449,279.40, or and certificates of equity. Through this Wal? characterized as an "industrial em- more than 8 times in this brief period method, this cooperative has been able . pire." The suit asked for the dissolution of time. Its net worth grew from $1,026,- to capitalize itS rapid expansion almost and charged them with violating State 278.88 to $13,988,002.21, or more than 13 entirely out of tax-exempt earnings. marketing act and the sale of $7,000,000 times. The reason Southern States The ninth annual report of this coop­ unregistered securities in violation of made this extraordinary record is by erative, 1946, shows that- the laws of Kansas. virtue of its tax exemption. It today If the net savings for the year ending The attorney general also pointed out enjoys a 38-perc.ent -tax advantage over on May 31, 1946, had been paid out in that this giant cooperative which was private enterprise. cash refunds, this is what your GTA operating· under the immunity which FARMERS' UNION GRAIN TERMINAL ASSOCIATION, could not have done: Congress had originally intended for the ST. PAuL, MINN. GTA could not have increased its liquid benefit of small farmers only, had ex­ This cooperative was incorporated in capital, $864,399.54. tended their operations in international 1938 with a capitalization of $30,QOO, and GTA could not have paid off the mort­ trade. and that such sales included 3,- by 1946 their net worth had increased gage debt, $1,249,650. 000,000 gallons of motor oil. exported to to $10,680,000. · GTA could not have purchased addi­ 10 foreign countries during the year The cooperative owns six terminal ele­ tional properties, $817,700. 1946. vators. One of these elevators is located CONSUMERS' COOPERATIVE ASSOCIATION, INC., The net result of the gradual accumu­ at Superior, Wis., with a capacity of NORTH KANSAS CITY, MO.. . lation by this giant cooperative of these 4,500,000 bushels. The Consumers' Cooperative Associa­ various once privately owned enterprises The cooperative, through its subsidi­ tion was incorporated in 1929 with seven meant the gradual reduction of the num­ ary, Farmers' Lumber & Supply Co., now memb~rs and a capitalization of $3,000. ber of taxpayers who were carrying the operates 75 lumber yards and 54 coal In 1946, 17 years later, the invested load of our Government expenditures. yards, located throughout 6 States. capital was listed at $9,614,557.15, an In the bulletin published by the Farm It now handles mor.e than 100,000,000 increase of more than 3,000 percent. Credit Administration entitled "Hand­ bushels of grain a year. It owns a soybean mill, a cannery, a book on Major Regional Farm Supply Through another affiliate, Farmers' cola bottling plant, an oil compounding Purchasing Cooperatives, 1944 and 1945,'' Union Grain & Supply Co., it manufac­ plant, a printing plant, a feed mill, an the following statement was contained tures feed, processes poultry, operates a alfalfa dehydrating plant, and 11 ware- in reference to this same corporation: locker plant, and handles farm supplies houses. · Of the net worth as of August 31, 194S, for distribution. In 1939 it organized a subsidiary co­ 19 percent was accumulated ~hrough sale of In 1946 it showed net earnings of operative, Cooperative Refinery Associa-. stock and 81 percent represented retained · $3 ,650,000, upon which an ordinary cor­ tion, Phillipsburg,. Kans., to build and savings. poration would have paid Federal income operate an oil refinery with a rated ca­ These are not small farmers. They taxes of _?early $1,400,000. pacity of 3,400 barrels daily, In 1942 represent big business." According to a 11140 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE SEPTEMBER·.· 11 recent bulletin published by the Treasury Sixth. Thirty-five years ago no one ations for the National Security Council, Department it shows that out of a total ever heard of a payroll tax; today a de­ the National Security Resources Board, of 2,909 cooperatives examined, 7 of this duction is taken from every salaried and for military functions administered number had assets ranging from ten to man's pay envelope. · by the Department of Defense for the fifty million dollars each and that com­ Seventh. Thirty-five years ago, when fiscal year ending June 30, 1952, and for bined they accounted for 20 percent of this exemption was first granted to the other purposes. all the assets of the cooperative corpora­ co-operative corporations, the corpora­ Mr, DOUGLAS obtained the floor. tions. tion tax rate was about 2 percent; today . Mr . .CARLSON. Mr. President, if the Sixty-seven of these cooperatives it is 52 percent, and with the excess­ Senator from Illinois .expects to submit examined accounted for nearly· 55 per­ profits tax the total can advance as high amendments at this time, I should like to cent of all assets. Under this same chart as 69 percent. suggest the absence of a quorum. published by the Treasury Department, Eighth. Thirty-five years ago, when Mr. DOUGLAS. Mr. President, I de­ it is noted that over 75 percent of the these allocations were listed as taxable sire to submit an amendment on page 35. cooperatives examined had assets of less to the farmers, instead of to the coopera­ I send it to the desk and ask that it be than $100,000 and thereby have been tives, the farmers had a family deduction ·considered. · wholly exempt from any change in the of $4,000 and the tax rate was only 2 per­ The PRESIDING OFFICER. At this tax status under the previous committee cent. Today the farmers' exemption is time the committee amendments are proposal. only $1,200 and the tax rate of the aver:.. first in order. . All of these small cooperatives are un­ age farmer runs from 20 to 50 percent. Mr. DOUGLAS. I thought all the der the Kerr proposal as adopted yester­ Ninth. Thirty-five years ago, or even committee amendments had been ap­ day by the Senate Finance Committee 10 years ago, no one ever dreamed that a proved. now subjected to the same treatment as tax would be proposed on vacuum clean­ The PRESIDING OFFICER. Several the super co-ops. -ers, washing machines, baby creams, committee amendments were passed It is significant that practically all the baby carriage<;, electric irons, and other oyer yesterday, and they must be con­ objections raised to the Treasury De­ essentials of the home; but today all are sidered before other amendments are partment's recommendations, as previ­ being taxed. These items are not lux­ considered. ously approved by the Committee on uries. Anyone who thinks they are Mr. DOUGLAS. What is the first Finance, came from the large super co­ should ask his wife. How can any com­ committee amendment to be considered ops. The reason for this is that the mittee defend a tax on these essential by the Senate, Mr. President? small cooperatives were not affected one items, while at the same time in the The PRESIDING O~CER.. Tbe iota by the first committee action, but name of political expediency it endorses p·ending committee amendment is the they are seriously and adverseiy affected a continuation of tax exemptions for one ·on page 3, line 15. It is one of the by the Kerr proposal, as adopted yes­ these multimillion dollar organizations? committee amendments which were terday. No one likes high taxes, but all ·of us passed over on yesterday. All the super organizations, under the recognize that under . the existing Mr. CARLSON. Mr. President, if the Kerr proposal, will continue to enjoy emergency we are faced with heavy mili­ Senator frorn Illinois will permit, I now their special tax exemption. More and tary expenditures and correspondingly suggest the absence of a quorum. . . more private businesses will° continue to high tax rates. The least we can do is The PRESIDING OFFICER. The ab­ be purchased and taken o·ver by these divide this load as fairly as possible sence of a quorum has been suggested, co-ops, and more and more farmers will among all groups. The fact ·that tax and the clerk will call the r.oll. be burdened with heavier taxes. All be­ exemptions to certain groups c·ould be justified when the tax rates were but a The Chief .Clerk called-the_roll, and cause the members of the Senate Finance the following Senators answered to their Committee did not have the intestinal fraction of today's tax rates cannot be names: . fortitude to correct that which both the used as a basis for the complete exemp­ tion of those groups from taxes t.oday. Aiken Hayden McMahon committee and the.Treasury Department ~ennett Hendrickson Mill~in recognized as recently as August 29, 1951; These taxes can and should be equal­ Benton Hennin.gs Monroney as an inequity in the existing law. ized among all segments of our society. Brewster Hickenlooper Moody To attack all who propose placing a . Bricker Hill · Morse To those who would def end this action Bridges Hoey Mundt on the basis that for 35 years this group portion of this tax on cooperatives as be­ Butler, Md. Holland Murray has been exempt from taxes and there­ ing anti-co-operative is just as unrealis- . Butler, Nebr. Humphrey Neely tic as to charge all who propose a tax on Byrd Hunt Nixon fore should continue to be exempt, I call Cain Ives O'Conor attention to certain facts which appar­ vacuum cleaners and washing ma­ Capehart Jenner O'Mahoney ently they have overlooked: chines as being anti-American housewife, Carlson Johnson, Colo. Pastore or to charge those who propose an in­ Case Johnson, Te-x. Robertson First ~ Thirty-five years ago, when this Clements Johnston, S. C. Russell exemption was first authorized, our na­ crease in the taxes on private corpora­ Connally Kefauver Saltonstall tional budget was only $734,ooo;ooo; to­ tions as being anti-our private enterprise Cordon Kem Schoepp el system. Douglas Kerr Smathers . day it approaches $100,000,000,000. DufI Kilgore Smith, Maine ·Second. Thirty-five years ago our na­ Mr. President, I want the American Dworshak Knowland Smith, N. J. tional debt was less than $1,250,000,000, housewives, the small businessmen, and Eastland Langer Smith, N. C : or $12 per capita; today it exceeds $256,- the American farmers, whose personal Ecton Lehman Stennis tax bills are going to be substantially EH ender Long Taft 000,000,000, or about $1,700 for every Ferguson Malone Thye man, woman, and child in America. in.creased under the new tax bill, to know Flanders Martin Underwood Third. Thirty-five years ago we had a that a major part of their tax increase Frear Mayba nk Watkins will go to pay for the free ride of these Fulbright McCarthy Wherry long record of balanced budgets; today George McClellan Williams we have the record of only three bal­ tax-exempt organizations: Gilliette McFarland Young anced budgets during the past 20 years, · Political expediency may dictate yes­ Green McKellar and this year's prospective deficit ap­ terday's action of the Senate Finance Mr. JOHNSON of Texas. I announce proaches an all-time high. Committee in accepting the Kerr pro­ that the Senator from New 'Mexico [Mr. Fourth. Thirty-five years ago the total posal, but it most certainly cannot be ANDERSON] is absent by leave of the annual expenditures of our Government justified on the basis that it reduces the Senate. tax load of the individual farmers or that were only $739,000,000. Today the in­ it protects the competitive position of the The Senator from New Mexico [Mr. terest charges on our national debt alone small-business man or that it preserves CHAVEZ] is absent on official business. amount to more than $6,000,000,000. In the free enterprise system upon which The Senator from Washington [Mr. 1916 the charges on our national debt this country was founded. MAGNUSON], the Senator· from Nevada were less than $23,000.000. [Mr. McCARRAN], and the Senator from Fifth. ·Thirty-five years ago rio one ever DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE APPROPRIA- Alabama [Mr. SPARKMAN] are absent by drea;med of taxes on farm machinery, or TIONS, 1952 leave of the Senate on official business in household articles; today every item is The Senate resumed the consideration connection with their attendance at the . t axed. of the bill titles in the bill; and shall consult · As to the threats against the western tor. I shall look at it with interest. also with such other advisers as the com­ nations of Europe, it can be said con­ Mr. CAIN. Mr. President, the amend.;. . mittee thinks wise in making these allo­ fidently that no conclusion can be ment which begins on line 17 of page 55 cations and apportionments. The effect reached against the enormous reservoir was passed over yesterday at the request of the motion, if carried, Mr. President, of manpower in Russia and China by of several Senators, in order that the is intended to establish a ceiling of $55,- military means alone. No peace can be subcommittee chairman. the Senator 000,000;000 on our military appropria­ reached except by making friends and from Wyoming [Mr. O'MAHONEY], might tions at this time, this sum to be divided allies of the enslaved subjects of the confer with officials wi.thfn the Defense and allocated as the Committee on Ap­ governments with whom we would find Establishment so that the Senate might propriations shall think best after con­ ourselves in conflict. For the most part, be possessed of a broader information. sulting the Secretary of Defense and our endeavors through the Voice of My understanding is that the Senator such other advisers as the committee de­ America and otherwise have been to from Wyoming now has that informa­ sires to consult. justify our position to these people. It tion, and I wonder if he would like to I am led to make this motion by very must now take a new course. We must offer it at this time? serious and fundamental considerations, seek their confidence and their support . The PRESIDING OFFICER. The some of which have been borne. on me as allies. We must express our deter­ Chair will say to the Senator from Wash­ with especial strength as a member of mination in the event of outbreak of war ington that we havt:l not reached that the Finance Committee, which is en­ to free them from slavery and seek their amendment. several other committee deavoring to place tax burdens on the - participation in gaining their own free­ amendments wer~ passed over yesterday. people of our country as heavy as they dom when this time comes. We must Mr. O'MAHONEY. Mr. President, I can bear with a minimum of inequity say this openly, firmly, unreservedly, and have no objection to answering the ques­ and with minimum provisions for re­ continuously. The open offensive must tion of the Senator at this time. But, of taining our social and political institu­ begin and begin now. course, it would be in proper or'der if tions unimpaired. That task I find to As is proper, these diplomatic consid­ we waited until the amendment was be a hopeless one if we are to come any­ erations must to some extent determine reached. where near getting our present defense military policy instead of having the Mr. CAIN. Many of us are interested costs by taxation. If we do not meet determination ' go in reverse as now in this item, but if it would better serve them by taxation we thereby subject our­ seems to be the case. Any ill-considered, the purpose of the Senator from Wyo­ selves increasingly to a more rapid ex­ hasty use of the atom bomb would de­ ming and the Senate to come to the tension of the inflation from which we stroy the mutual confidence between question at a later hour, that would be are already suffering. Frankly, Mr. ourselves and the enslaved peoples whom most agreeable to me. President, I find the situation appalling. we wish to make our allies. Peace would Mr. O'MAHONEY. I have no objec­ From the standpoint of our·social; eco­ then become impossible. We must re­ tion to finishing it immediately, if that nomic, and political institutions we are serve the use of the atom bomb for mili­ is the desire, and since the Senator from having our initial experience with the tary objectives only and where popula­ Washington is on his feet, why not let us garrison state, in which the conduct of tions are endangered, the people must do it now? our lives is made secendary to the de­ have ample warning. Fortunately the The amendment referred to .appears mands of the Military Establishment. more recent developments in atomic oh page 55, beginning in line 17. The Military Establishment is, at this warfare seem to make these policies pos­ Mr. CAIN. Yes. moment, in the saddle. It has effectual sible where they did not seem so a year Mr. O'MAHONEY. It is the deletion control of our fiscal machinery, of our or two ago. by the· Committee on Appropriations of diplomacy, and of our e~onom~c develop­ Mr. President, we must cut down our the so-called Van Zandt amendment, ment. expenditures. We must wage a more which was an amendment offered upon 11142 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE SEPTEMBER 11 the floor of the House of Representa­ by January 1, 1952; the Marine Corps has volunteer reservists involuntarily recalled. tives. As I explained yesterday at some virtually exhausted such men. It is hoped that after January l, 1952, it will (b) Officers in this category: The Army is not be necessary to call any more enlisted iength, the committee was impelled to not now issuing active-duty orders to men personnel in this catgory. delete this amendment because of the ·in this category but may have to do so in 3. The situation in regard to officers is persuasive testimony which was pre­ the future; the Air Force will only call such such that the Navy cannot cancel pending sented by all the armed services that jf men as are absolutely esse.ntial for opera­ orders to veteran volunteer reservists who the rotation policy were not followed out tions, predominantly combat crews requir­ are being called involuntarily. Neither can it would upset the rotation program and ing long training periods; the Navy has a the Navy agree not to call any more such serioulsy impair national defense, the continuing need for such officers but will officers. The total officer strength of the •minimize its calls to the maximum extent; Regular Navy is 42,334. To officer the Naval security of the country. The commit­ the Marine Corps has virtually exhausted Establishment as recommended by the JCS tee, however, recognizing the importance this category. and approved by the Secretary of Defense of not compelling reservists who have ( c) Mrs. Rosenberg is developing a coor­ and the President will require 80,500 officers served overseas to serve longer than 12 dinated program to screen any future plans on July 1, 1952. The Navy is commissioning months, if possible, in active service in for recalls, from the viewpoint of need, uti- about 9,000 officer·s a year. Under present· Korea particularly, added this para­ lization, and alternate sources. • facilities and funds this ·cannot be greatly graph in th.e report: (d) Training programs for replacement accelerated, nor can these young men im­ personnel have been accelerated to the maxi­ mediately take the place of experienced The committee strongly feels that the mum but the flow does not yet meet urgent veterans. plans of the armed servfoes should be coordi­ immediate requirements. The services 4. To agree to either point I or II would nated with the provisions of the Universal strongly warn against any further inflexible result in a progressive degeneration of the Military Training Act and that inactive :.md restriction on the recall of reserves. war readiness of naval operating forces volunteer reservists of prior war service through lack of sufficient numbers of ade­ should be discharged as soon as possible con­ Attached are the categorical answers quately trained personnel. sistent with defense needs. Short of all­ of the services. L. T. DUBOSE. out global war the committee does not ex­ I do not know that it is necessary to pect any branch of tt.e armed services to read the categorical answers. I shall be call any more men involuntarily into service MEMORANDUM FOR THE ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF who have had 12 months' service during glad to ask that they be inserted in the DEFENSE, MANPOWER AND PERSONNEL World War II. RECORD at this point in further amplifi­ 0EPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE, cation of the summary prepared by Gen­ Washington, September 11, 1951. The Senator from Washington in a eral Moore. Let me say that these are In reply to your request for an Air Force lengthy colloquy with the chairman of the considerations which moved the position on the query of Senator O'MAHONEY, the subcom:.nittee yesterday asked sev­ committee to recommend the deletion of the following is submitted: eral questions with respect to what the the amendment. In the summary the (a) It is assumed that the query has ref­ likelihood would be of the Department reasons are these: erence to unpaid reserve categories. of Defense carrying out this policy. He The Department of Defense is promot­ 1. The Air Force is not ordering enlisted personnel in this category to active duty. asked me if I would get in touch with ing a rotation program by which it is Those who desire release will be separated as the Department of Defense and procure hoped to have at least 100,000 men back soon as possible but in no case later than 12 a resi)onse. That I have done. I hold from Korea by December; by which it ts months from the date they reported o duty. in my hand a memorandum furnished hoped to release from active duty those 2. The Air Force is reducing the calls to ac­ by Brigadier General Moore, which is a men who served during last winter in tive duty of Reserve officers in this category summary of three statements from each Korea;. and by which, in accomplishing to the minimum consistent with urgent re­ that purpose, the military effectiveness quirements in critical skill areas that can be of the armed services, copies of which I met from no other source. There are very few handed to the Senator from Ylashington, of our armed services in Korea shall not outstanding orders and personnel involved which he now has. The summary which be impaired. Our feeling was that to have in every case been given an opportunity the Renator from Washington and I read write this amendment or any modifica­ to request delay or release before appropriate together-it is dated September 11, and tion of the amendment into the bill delay and appeal boards. would introduce a degree of inflexibility 3. Revocatron of orders is not considered is a memorandum for my information appropriate. Where hardship becomes ap­ and for the information of the Senate­ which woukl not be in the public inter­ est, and which would not be in the inter­ parent in individual cases, revocation is the reads as follows: est of reservists themselves. normal policy. MEMORANDUM FOR SENATOR O'MAHONEY (b) Concerning future polic~y. it is the in­ ·Mr. CAIN. I think the Senator from tent of t:_e Air Force to eliminate ordering to SEPTEMBER 11, 1951. Wyoming evidenced a willingness to 1. Will the Department of Defense cancel duty of unpaid Reserves with the exception pending orders to report for duty pertain­ have inserted in the RECORD at this point of the following: ing to those inactive and involuntary organ­ the individual memoranda from the 1. Reservists who desire active duty and ized reservists personnel serving 12 months three services. for whom a requirement exists. in World War II? , 2. Limited critical skill reservists who are Mr. O'MAHONEY. Yes. They will be absolutely essential to the fulfillment of ur­ 2. Hereafter will the Department agree furnished for the RECORD, unless upon gent operational commitments of the Air that they will not call any more inactive examination we find restricted informa­ Force. . or involuntary organized reservists who tion in them. I doubt that, but I shall The Air Force does plan to order into active served 12 months in World War II? be very glad to consult with the Senator. duty small numbers of paid Reserve forces I consulted with Secretary Rosenberg re­ Mr. CAIN. I thank the Senator. personnel as may be necessary in meeting ap­ garding .the above two questions and she, in proved force objectives. turn, consulted with the services. I am Mr. O'MAHONEY subsequently said: Mr. President, I find that there is no re­ JAMES P. GOODE, afraid that these questions reflect a mis­ Deputy for Personnel Management understanding of, or lack of clarity in, De­ stricted information in the individual (For and in the absence of Eugene M. fense's position. memoranda from the three services, and Zuckert, Assistant Secretary of the In essence, the Department of Defense I therefore ask unanimous' consent that Air Force). position is as follows: they be printed in the RECORD at this 1. The Department is releasing volunteer point as a part of my remarks. MEMORANDUM FOR ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF and inactive (nonpay status) inactive re­ . There being no objection, the memo­ DEFENSE (MANPOWER AND PERSONNEL) servists as fast as it possibly can without randa were ordered to be printed in the PROCUREMENT BRANCH, (a) abandoning rotation plans; (b) endan­ RECORD, as follows: September 11, 1951. gering the combat effectiveness of the serv­ Subject: Ordering reservsts into the active ices; (c) calling up large numbers of addi­ MEMORANDUM FOR THE ASSISTANT SECRETARY military service. tional volunteer and inactive (nonpay OF DEFENSE (MANPOWER AND PERSONNEL) 1. Reference is made to your memoran­ status) reservists and breaking up trained DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY, dum, dated September 11, 1951, requesting reserve units and using the men as lndl.­ BUREAU OF NAVAL PERSONNEL, certain information for Senat or O'MAHONEY, vidual replacements. Washington, D. C., September 11, 1951. 2. With the present program of releas.es, 2. The Department is making every ~ort Subject: . Senator O'MAHONEY's request for plus the need for additional officers as a to minimize further recalls of "Volunteer · information. result of the change of structure in the inactive reservists. 1. In reference to your memorandum of Army, the Army has a considerable require­ (a) Enlisted men in this t.:"ategory: The September 11, 1951, the following is sub­ ment for additional officers, and cannot at Army is making no calls on these men; the mitted: this time commit itself to using only those Air Force is m aking no calls on these men; · 2. It will be impossible for the Navy to officers who have had less than 12 months' the Navy expects to stop calling such men agree to cancel pending orders to veteran service in World War II. 1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 11143 3. The Army does not favor ordering offi­ I believe that this memorandum indi­ I know that in the days immediately c:·rs of the Inactive Reserve into the active cates the clear intention on the part of ahead thousands of young Americans military service against their will and will m ::-,ke every effort to avoid such action. the Department of Defense to cooperate are going to clip the Senate committee 4. It will probably be necessary to order in this matter and stop the calling of report information out of the news­ into the active military service officers of men in this category, save only that papers and send it to us with the request the Volunteer Reserve who have had 12 they do not want to upset the rotation that we promptly see to it that they 1 months' service in World War II. program and do not want to jeopardize are not called to the Federal active serv­ 5. It will undoubtedly be necessary to the national security. ice, out of the inactive and volunteer order into the active service a number of Mr. CAIN. My only purpose in asking reserve. • Organized Reserve units whose personnel may have had 12 months' service in World the questions yesterday and today is to Mr. CARLSON. Mr. President, will War II. make as certain as we can that the most the Senator yield? 6. Therefore, the Army cannot commit it­ accurate inforn:ation is available, in Mr. CAIN. Certainly. £elf to using only those reservists who have order that Senators and Members of the Mr. CARLSON. I appreciate tlre state­ had less than 12 months' service in World House may intelligently and accurately ment of the distinguished Senator from War II. The most recent program for in­ respond to their mail. Should the Sen­ Wyoming [Mr. O'MAHONEY] and the voluntary ordering reservists into the active a tor from Wyoming so permit, I should military service was limited to the Volun­ statement of the distinguished Senator teer Reserve. This program, with its lib­ like to give him my own reaction to the from Washington [Mr. CAIN] on the eral exemptions for hardship cases and oc­ memorandum he has just read from the problem which we discussed rather gen­ cupatonal specialties, failed to produce suftl.­ Defense Establishment. erally yesterday. cient combat arms company-grade officers The memorandum which Secretary I am pleased to note that the Army in the company grades. At present the only Rosenberg has submitted to the Senator is making every effort to live up to its source of combat arms company-grade offi­ from Wyoming in answer to the ques­ program of releasing the enlisted reserv­ cers is the Organized Reserve units and the tions raised in our discussion of yester­ ists, 5 percent in July, 10 percent in Inactive Reserve. 7. In view of the comments above, it is day appears to state only in general August, 20 percent in September, 25 per­ obviously impracticable to cancel pending terms what the services are now doing cent in October, 25 percent in November, orders to volunteer officer re1::ervists now in with respect to the recall of inactive or and the balance in December. That in­ a delay status who have had l2 months' volunteer reserves. If I am correctly formation comes to me from the hear­ service in World War II. Enlisted reservists informed, the Army ceased a few months ings. Of course, we are pleased to note in a delay status were canceled. ago the calling of enlisted personnel of that their schedule is up to date. EARL B. JOHNSON, the inactive reserve who served during Yesterday it was stated on the floor Assistant Secretary of the Army. World War II. The M'.1rine Corps has of the Senate that no man who served in Mr. CAIN. The Senator from Wash­ already called to active duty almost all, Korea in the last winter campaign would ington takes it for granted that the Sen­ if not all, of its inactive reservists, so be called to serve another tour of duty, ator from Wyomir_g and he are in agree­ that the problem so far as the Marine for which we are all grateful. • ment that what the Senator from Wyo­ Corps is concerned is to get these men However, I think there is another ming has just offered to the Senate as released as early as practicable. The problem which has not been solved, and having come from ·~he Defense Establish­ Navy is still calling-so I am informed­ that is with respect to the inactive re­ ment beµ,rs almost no similarity to the and plans to continue to call, both offi­ servists and the enlisted reservists, al­ reference to this question made in the cers and noncommissioned officers of the though the enlisted reservists are taken committee report on page 7, where the inactive reserve. The Air Force, in care of, according to the schedule. I committee in good faith says: order to meet the 95-wing program, will refer particularly to the second lieuten.;, Short of all-out global war the committee be short of pilots and navigators, and ants, the first lieuten~nts, and the cap­ does not expect any branch of the armed to meet these requirements anticipates tains. It seems to me that they have services to call any more men involuntarily calling members of the inactive reserve. nothing to look forward to but to full 17 into service who have had 12 months' service I am unable to reconcile the antici­ months of service. There is only one during World War II. · pated plans with the sentence which I answer to the problem, and I should like My own ur.derstanding of what the have read from page 7 of the committee to address myself to it for a moment. It Senator from Wyoming has just offered report. is the expansion of the officer-candidate is that it is not only likely, but it is al­ Mr. President, I think this question schools. most a certainty, that every one of the ought to be resolved, and that the Con­ During World War II we had officer­ three branches of the service does intend, gress ought not to say one thing in an candidate schools which graduated offi­ for one reason or another,. to continue to official report, while the Department of cers at the rate of 200 or more a day. I call into active service some of the volun­ Defense issues recall orders in direct note from the hearings that at the be­ tary and inactive reservists who previous­ contradiction to what the committee, in ginning of the war in Korea we had a ly have had 12 or more months of service the best of good faith, has offered to the .capacity of 400 officer candidates in the in World War II. Senate. Members of the reserve, wheth­ officer-candidate school, which is lo­ Mr. O'MAHONEY. Let me say to er they are now on duty, · now under cated at Fort Riley, Kans. In February the Senator from Washington that I orders, or now still at home, have an of this year we had increased the capac- · think his statement is not strictly ac­ overriding interest in the answer to the ity to train officer candidates to 4,000. curate, beca:ise it is explicitly set forth questions which several of us raised yes­ Now I am advised that as of this date we in the memorandum with respect to en­ terday and are raising now. can train 8,000 officers. listment in this category that the Army The Korean war started more than The question naturally arises as to is making no calls on these men; the Air 14 months ago, and more than 8 months why the officer-candidate schools are not Force is making no calls on these men; ago the President determined that we filled. If my information is correct, it the Navy expects to stop calling such required a military force of three and is impossible to turn out 2,500 officers men by January 1, 1952; and the Marine one-half million men. It would seem to from a school which has a capacity of Corps has virtually exhausted such men. me that during all this time the De­ 8,000. It seems to me that the military That is the situation with respect to partment of Defense could have figured authorities have fallen down in the enlisted men. With respect to officers, out its manpower requirements in suf­ situation. the situation is as follows: ficient detail so as to be able to tell us Mr. CAIN. I share in general the The Army is not now issuing active-duty now exactly, and not in general terms, views which have just been expressed by orders to .nen in this category, but may how these requirements are to be met. the distinguished Senator from Kansas. have to do so in the future. But the Congress continues to receive I believe it would be relatively simple for • • information only in broad and vague the Defense Establishment to tell us what (c) Mrs. Rosenberg is developing a co­ terms. I believe that as Members of the kind of effort they are making to pre­ ordinated program to screen any future plans Congress we are entitled to this infor­ pare and train young officers out of the for recalls from the viewpoint of need, utili- mation in order that we may be honest Korean war generation, in order that zation, and alternate sour.ces. · and forthright in replying to the thou­ ./ (d) Training programs for replacement we may not have to call u:;> Inactive Re­ personnel have'been accelerated to the maxi­ sands of letters which we are receiving serve officers and enlisted personnel tc­ mum but the flow does not yet meet urgent, weekly from reservists throughout the serve in the Korean war, and that we ­ immediate requirements. country, may more rapidly release from active 11144·. SEPTEMBER .11

duty in Korea such offic~r~ al}d enli~ted t_he Korean ;war . . If -the Army is doing what world that restrains them from giving personnel as-are presently serving . . Does. they should -be doing a new supply of officers an absolutely conclusive agreement is sho:uld be graduating steadily and these the Senator from Kansas have. any ad­ should be used to immediately replace the that they kriow that to do so would·seri­ ditional _information on the st~tu:s Qf the_ lnacti-ve Reserve officers. Qusly· impair the _military efficiency of . officer-candidate ~chool~ and on th~ _ pro­ 5. Officers who are over.age-in-grade for m;:tny of the units.· · grams and policies relating·· -to. th~m? the combat arms should be immediately re­ . I ·have befor~ me t_he te~t1inony which M:i·. CARLSON. My informat.ion is leased from duty or frqm orders if they was presented in the committee. The based on the hearings and discussiQns haven't already reported. Army's presentation made it clear that with individuals who -are familiar with It strikes me that the Defense Department tne· proposed 12-month provision would the sftuation as to officer candidate anci the Army is f<;>llowing a blind and un­ in all likelihood necessitate the recall of realistic policy. By continuing this policy schools. Of course, we are training ·some they will wreck the wh_ole future structure additional National Guard and Reserve splendid officers at West Point. We are of · the Reserve Corps, for nobody in their divisions and small units for the sole training some very good officers in right mind would again consider' signing up purpose of using individual members · to ROTC units. However, in the present for the Reserves after the example of shabby fill levies to meet overseas requirements. situation we. are using officers who were t,reatment they have been receiving since . For the Navy, the statement was made. in the Inactive Resen1e . . When they en­ · last summer. Do they expect the morale . that the ships of the Navy would require tered that status, they felt that they of men like me to be high? I do not feel trained replacements for thousands of the least bit cooperative_and I'm sure this would not be called into service ·unless will reflect in the performance of my duties petty officers whose loss during the first an actual war was declared. I believe if I am compelled to serve. against' my will half of the fiscal year 1952 had not been they are entitled to .some consideration. under the conditions which exist today . . I contemplated; and later the witnesses I wish . to say_ to the Senator from. know I do not speak for myself alone. I said that the Reserve replacements had Washington that I h!i-d fully intended to know this feeling is universal among the been exhausted and that replacements r'eoffer the amendment which was Reserves, especialJy the· Inactive Reserves could be .obtained only by new procure­ stricken by the committee. However, in who were called involuntarily, and it most ments and training. v1ew of the statements of the chairman · defi nitely will affect the quality of the Army. It is obvious that if by law we require of the subcommittee and contacts with Mr. GILLETTE. Mr. President, will the discharge of certain individuals in the Defense Department, I am convinced the Senator yield for a question? certain categories, and if thereafter it is that they are doing the best they can. Mr. CAIN. Most certainly. iI!lpossible to obtain replacements except I sincerely hope that they will continue Mr. GILLETTE. Does not the Sena­ by drawing upon untrained persons, the to try to improve a situation which I tor from Washington fully agree with situation is one of the most extreme dif- think is unjustified and unwarranted in the writer of that letter when he asks ficulty. · view of · the length of time they have the question as to whether there was a I feel that the memorandum I read, had with the program. clear violation of an implied contract, after exhibiting it to the Senator from Mr. CAIN. I thank the Senator. In if not an express contract, in holding Washington, shows a clear intent on the view of the fact that the Defense Estab­ him beyond his perfod of time? part of the three services to comply. lishment is going to ·reexplore the whole · Mr. CAIN. I could not agree more However, let us not overlook the serious­ question of the proper utilization of the fully. I believe it is a very legitimate ness of maintaining the efficient military Inactive or Volunteer Reserves, and how question to ask. It is a question which strength of the armed services. to avoid calling them to active duty, I ought to be studied thoughtfully and I have before me car.efully prepared should like to read at least a portion of sincerely by both the Defense Establish­ statements· which were issued in behalf two letters recently received, one by my­ ment and Congress. of each of the services. The first of self and one by a colleague, dealing· with Mr. GILLETTE. Mr. President, will these is by Gen. J. Lawton Collins and this question. · One of these letters is the Senator yield for a further ques­ Earl D. Johnson, Assistant Secretary of dated September 6,. and comes from a tjo~? the Army. city in Massachusetts. The writer of the Mr. CAIN. I shall be pleased to do so. Tbe second is a statement which was letter, who is a major in the Inactive Mr. GILLETTE. Does the Senator made by the late Admiral Forrest Sher­ Reserves, writes as follows: from Washington agree that the memo­ man, on behalf. of the Navy. I would like to mention the following randum presented by the Senator from . The third is a statement by Gen. Hoyt pdints which are most unfair in the program. Wyoming [Mr. O'MAHONEY,J, intending of recalling members of the Reserve com­ S. Vandenberg, on behalf of the Air ponents: . to be reassur_ing, lacks completely any Force. . 1. No real recognition is given to length assurance as to the policy in the future? Finally, there is a statement by Gen­ of service during World War II. I served Mr. CAIN. It is my own view that the eral Cates, on behalf of the. Marine from April l, 1941, to February 28, 1946 (59 ·Senate committee was totally misin­ Corps. . months) which is much longer than the formed. I believe the Senate committee I shall not undertake to reaci these average length of service .. As a fir.st lieuten­ acted in good faith yesterday when the statements at this·time, but I now ask ant, Army, Infantry, I am presently under distinguished Senator from Wyoming orders to report for active duty on October unanimous consent to have them printed 16 for a period of 24 months. said he thought and had reason to be­ in the RECORD. · 2. Very few. Reserve units are being called l~eve that ·none of the services had any There being no objection; the state­ t<;> duty. Why can't Active Reserve officers fµrther intention of calling voluntary ments were ordered to be printed in the and enlisted men be called in as individuals ·and inactive reservists to active duty. RECORD, as follows: to replace those ·of the Inactive Reserve? The memorandum from the Assistant The Active Reserve has indicated interest in Secretary's Office says, in effect: "In STATEMENT CONCERNING EFFECT ON THE ARMY serving by their willingness to attend drills, those cases where we are not presently OF THE RELEASE OF VOLUNTEER RESERVISTS meetings, and ~ummer camps for which they UPON THE COMPLETION OF 12 MONTHS' AC­ are paid. calling such inactive reservists and vol­ TIVE DUTY 3. I signed up for the Reserve Corps for a unteers to active duty, we are most likely The 12-month plan, although outwardly 5-year period with no intention on my part to be confronted with a need to do so at commensurate with Army capabilities for to extend it. The time has expired, yet I some time in the future." releasing enlisted personnel, materially dif­ am compelled to serve since the time limit Mr. O'MAHONEY. Will the Senator fers as to timing and flexibility of release. was extended indefi.11itely and the choice of permit me to interrupt? The Army capability would enable specialists resigning withdrawn. This . strikes me as a to be retained until they can be replaced and violation of a contractual agreement I en- Mr. CAIN. Certainly. would enable local commanders to stagger tered into with the Army. · . Mr. O'MAHONEY. Let me say that I the releases to maintain the efficiency of 4. What has the Army planned, or accom­ endeavored yesterday to make it quite their units. For example, a signal battalion plished, in the direction of creating a new clear that I was not giving a hard and with 100 key specialists who came into the and young supply of officers? Are they ac­ · fast assurance, and it was because of Army in the same month would be rendered tive in promoting the use of ROTC? Are that fact that I sought to get the addi­ ineffec-tive under the 12-month plan. Inso­ t*1.ey operati~g officer:-training schoQls, such far as officer personnel is concerned, the 12- as Fort Benning, to their fullest capacity? tional "information, in cooperation with month plan would have a grave effect on the Fifteen' months after I was drafted as a pri­ the .Senator from Washington. How­ Army. There are now in the Army 46,500 vate in April 1941. I was commissioned as an ever, I did point out that the three serv­ Reserve officers who were called to active officer from Fort Benning. Almost the same ices are uniting in their. program of ro­ duty as individuals. If the 12-month plan f length of time has passed since the start of tation, and that the only thing in the were put into effect during the next ·year, 11; I ' . . 1951 00NGR:ESSIONAL RECORD-· SENATE '11145

would be necessary to order into active mili­ more serious .in ·.its possible effect to this . Mr~ O'MAHONEY. Mr. President, I tary serv.ic_e at least 38,550 .officei;s to .replace country. am quite confident tim't if. the Members the officers discharged. This does.not allow FORREST SHERMAN. for continuity or overlap necessary to main­ of the Senate were to read the state­ tain ·combat effectiveness, estimated to re­ STATEMENT CONCERNING EFFECT ON THE AIR ments and if they had listened to the quire an additional 6,000 to 7,000 officers. FORCE OF THE RELEASE OF VOLUNTEER RE• testimony, as the committee did, they Replacement· officers must be procured well SERVISTS UPON THE COMPLETION OF 12 would come to absolutely the same con­ in advance of departure dates of outgoing MONTHS' ACTIVE DUTY . clusions. officers. It is emphasized that a 12-month Legislation requiring the release of the We sincerely regret the difficulty; but period of service will produce an .effective Volunteer Air Reserve airmen at the end of 12 it must be remembered that these men tour of duty of about 10 to 11 months. months would have no effect upon the Air To 'accomplish its mission, the Army mu~t are scattered through the three services, Force inasmuch as our recently announced and some of them are concentrated in maintain its ior"ces' in the United States and plan provides for release of these airmen at overseas at maximum· strength. Conse­ 12 months, if they so desire. The officer sit­ companies or ba ~ talions or regiments or quently, before large numbers of officers can uation is entirely different, however. Release on naval vessels, and· to take all of them be discharged, trained replacements must be of the Volurtteer Air Reserve officers at the from one unit would deprive some com:.. ayailable. At the present time there are eiid ·of 12 months, which is 9 months earlier pi:tnies , or battalions or ·. regiments or only three sources of trained-officer replace­ than now planned, has an unacceptable im­ naval vessels of their essential, :key per~ ments available: pact on maintenance of a combat effective sonneL Of course the committee did not (a) From the Ol'.ganized units of the Re- fcirce. This has been repeatedly emphasized serve Corps. _ wish to do that. in previous presentatlons to congressional , So I trust that the amendment be (b) From the Inactive Reserve. coi:nm"it'tees. Volunteer Air Reserve officers will (c) Individual volunteers. ordered into ·a:ctive military service represent agreed to:· I assure the Members of the The Airily position has been t:tiat no indi­ primarily critical skills that. Will be needed Senate· that when the bill goes to con­ viduals should · be involuntarily .recalled to for the maximum allowable time as now pre­ ference, because those who will serve as · duty if they are members of organized tr?op_­ scribed by laW'. In this connection, the re­ Senate conferees feel exactly· as do the basis units. This concept is based on our lease plan of the Air Force should not be Senators who have spoken, we shall give o~er-all mobilization pla.n which places great interpreted as entirely inflexible. Consistent this matter additional consideration ·and emphasis .on the future . availability of com­ with the intent of any of the proposf;ld :re­ shall discuss fully with the conferees on plete· units in thet Organized Reserve. If lease plans, the Air Force has no intention. of we strip these units of their o!ficer strengtfi, holding these Volunteer Air Reserve officers the part of the House the entire situa. our mobilization plan is seriously affected. ~ any longer than absolutely necessary. Ac­ . tion, in the hope of improving it. considerable number of officers have already cordingly, to the maximum extent that ·I feel that the record is reple.te with volunteered; and it is questionable wh~ther trained volunteer replacements can be made testimony, from the top-flight com­ large numbers could be obtained from this available, these reservists will be released manders on down, including the Secre­ source: In vjew of these facts, it would ap­ short of 21 months. tary of Defense and the Assistant Sec­ pear that the great bulk of replacements .A second consideration that should not be retaries of Defense, that the purpose is would, of necessity, come from the Inac­ overlooked concerns the additional recalls tive Reserve. from the Volunteer Afr Reserve made manda­ to remedy this sltuation. . J. LAWTON COLLINS, tory by such aplan. As you know, OrganlZed Mr. CAIN. Mr. President, the atmos­ EARL D. JOHNSON, Air Reserve resources have been virtually phere in which this question has been Assistant Secretary of Army. · depleted; therefore, the Volunteer Air Reserve discussed has been most friendly, and constitutes the only remaining resource the certainly I ani grateful for that. STATEMENT CONCERNING EFFECT ON THE NAVY Air Force can draw upon to augment normal officer procurement from ROTC, OCS, etc. I have neither a desire nor an inten­ OF. RELEASE OF VOLUNTEER RESERVISTS UPON tion to overlook any of the realities of '.l'HE COMPLETION OF 12 MONTHS' ACTIVE DUTY Under a 12-month release plan, approxi­ mately 17,300 officers would have to be or­ the day in which we live. However, I, If legislation is enacted requiring the Navy dered into service from the Volunteer Air like many of the other Members of this to release veteran volunteer reservists after Reserve during fiscal year 1952 in addition body and many of the members of the a maximum of 12 months' active duty, its to the already planned recall of 14,250 un­ Reserves, both the active and the inac­ implementation by the Navy will immobilize der a 21-month release program. for varying periods of time many of the tive ones, wish only to know what the For the above reasons, the Air Force op­ facts are, so that we may be guided ships and·units which have been reactivated poses the proposed provision of law requiring within the past year and will create seriously release of Volunteer Air reservists at the end accordingly. . adverse conditions in remaining fleet units. o( 12 months' serv-ice. Mr. President, to repeat by way of em­ including those in Korean waters; HOYT S. VANDENBERG. phasis, but with no desire to be disre­ The ships and unit's reactivated during the spectful to anyone, let me say that on past year have been approximately 75 per­ STATEMENT CONCERNING ·EFFECT ON THE MARINE yesterday we observed that in its·report cent manned by naval reservists and their CORPS OF THE RELEASE OF VOLUNTEER RE­ the committee has said: crews are still predominantly Reserve. If SERVISTS UPON THE COMPLETION OF 12 faced with this legislation, and in order _to MONTHS' Ac~VE DUTY Short of all-out global war, the committee remain mobile, these ships and units will does' not expect any branch of the armed Un~er a, program of mandatory release up­ services to call any more men involuntarily require trained replacements in such cate­ ori completion of only 12 months' active serv­ gories as gunners' mates, boilermen, quarter­ into service who have had 12 ~onths' serv­ ice, large numbers of veteran Volunteer Re­ ice during World War II. masters, sonarmen, machinists' 1Uates, radio­ servists must be released considerably before men, pharmacists' mates, radarmen, e~c., for the time currently planned. The Marine the Naval Reserve petty officers released -by In that sentence the committee has Corps has on active duty essentially all of its said that on the basfs of the advice which this requirement. Such replacements are reservists who are usable under conditions not currently available in such numbers as such as the present. Unlike the larger:. serv­ has come to it, it is convinced that no will be required in some critical ratings, ices, additional reservists cannot be ordered more Inactive and Volunteer Reserves either in the active Navy or in the Naval in to replace those released. The early pro­ will be called into the Federal service if Reserve still on inactive duty. curement of additional recruits and new the men have served for as long as 12 Insofar as commissioned otficers are con-· second lieutenants as replacements would months in World War II. cerned, such a release program will require require an increase in both the ceiling and the ordering to active duty of additional average strengths (with a resultant increase During our colloquy on yesterday, I thousands of veteran Volunteer reservists as in total cost). At this very late date it would asked the Senator from Wyoming what replacements for those whose release would be physically impossible to procure and train he. meant by the use of the word "men" be accelerated. these replacements (even if the . authority in · that sentence. Quite frankly and Aside from the loss of efficiency within in• and money were available) before the trained fully he said that it covered both enlisted dividual units caused by this heavy turn-over . reservists would have to be released. This personnel and officers. and the additional expense to the Govern· could have but one result-the serious low­ ment of calling large numbers of .personnel ering of the combat efilcienty of major Ma­ All I have endeavored to establish in to active duty for only 12 months' active rine Corps units, not only in the United our minds is that whatever may be the service, it will entail the ordering of thou­ States but also those in action in Korea. reasons for it, the armed services be­ sands of volunteer reservists to active service The Commandant feels obligated to make lieve they are confronted with a situa­ with little or no advance warning. The net this point clear so that the Congress will tion which will demand that they con.­ result insofar as the Navy is concerned of understand .the effect which would be pre­ any mandatory release program for veterans cipitated by thei.r action in releasing these tinue to call inactive and volunteer re­ after 12 months' active service will be con­ Volunteer Reserve veterans after only 12 servists into active service, and we must fusion comparable to that experienced in months' active · dut_y. take this opportunity to advise the Na­ 1946 in.the face of a world situation infinitely C. B. CATES. tion what the situation appears to be. XCVII-701 11146 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE SEPTEMBER 11 ·

Mr. President, I do not know how flying. Electronics experts and men versed Mr. CAIN. And, yet, I t~1ink it per­ many inactive an volunteer reservists in administration and supply are in demand fectly fair to say that the average Amer­ are going to be called into the active too. Many will be recalled, voluntarily or ican citizen, particularly the Inactive and otherwise. service; but I hold in my hand a recent At this time, not more than 14 percent of Volunteer Reserve, would wish to be issue-that for August 31, 1951-of the the physically fit Air Reserve officers face guided literally by a sei:~ence appearing United States News and World Report, recall. But, with any expansion, the num­ in the report of the Senate committee, and on page 40 that issue carries an in­ bers will go up. If Air Force goes from 95 which, in effect says, "We, a committee, teresting article which all of us should groups up to 125, for example, 75 percent after carefully studying this situation, read. The article bears the title "Why of qualified officers in the pool many be are convinced that the armed services Reserve Calls Go On." I now shall as~ required. have no further intention of calling up unanimous consent to have this brief but WHAT ARE CHANCES FOR A NAVY OFFICER~ these Inactive Reserves." What the illuminating article printed in its en­ · The Organized Reserve group numbered Sen:i.tor from Wyoming has said, and tirety in the RECORD. 15,000 a year ago. 1 About 9,000 have been said very pleasantly, is that the commit­ There being no objection, the article recalled, leaving 6,000 at home. About 3,000 tee simply got the idea from some source was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, of those-1 out of 2_:._will be recalled by next that there would be no future calling up, July. The remaining 3,000 will go out to as follows: duty in the following year. In the Volunteer but from a source which appears to be [From United States News and World Report Reserve group, the Navy has about 235,000 al..10st in direct contradiction to the in­ for August 31, 1951] World War II officers. It plans to call very formation provided to the Senator from WHY RESERVE CALLS Go ON few of these-no more than 1,000 or so. Wyoming by the Assistant Secretary of WHY ARE RESERVISTS STILL BEING RECALLED? Volunteers will fill the billets in most cases. Defense. Basically, it is because the Armed Forces But, when volunteers are lacking, some Mr. O'MAHONEY. Mr. President, if are still expanding. Manpower strength specialists will be drafted. Last example the Senator will now permit me-- of that is the involuntary recall of chap­ is going up at least 250,000 men this year. lains, just announced. Mr. CAIN I gladly yield to the Sena- Also, the need remains critical for really tor from Wyoming.1 , skilled and experienced leaders and special­ HOW ABOUT AN ARMY OFFICER? Mr. O'MAHONEY. I think that is not ists. The Army hopes to draw not more than the correct interpretation of what has JUST WHO IS BEING RECALLED NOW? 5,000 World War II veterans from its pool of Reserve officers. They will ·come from the been said or of what the situation is. The Air Force is calling in about 21,000 The Senator from Washington has been Reserve officers from its Voluntary Reserve Active Reserve. Officers in the Inactive during the year to end June 30, 1952. The Reserve will not be recalled, as a rule. Here an effective and an intelligent Member Navy is ordering up about 3,000 officers from again, however, specialists can and will be of this body for some years, and he its Organized Reserve and 1,000 to 2,000--in­ drafted as required. Most Army officers who knows perfectly well that there is a great cluding some chaplains-from its Volunteer are over-age-in-grade and who have not been difference between language irl a bill and Reserve. The Army is going to recall at least training in some fashion are not to be language in a report. When the House 5,000 officers in the volunteer category, and recalled. committ€e speaks, it speaks for the it may need another 10,000 or more before Mr. CAfoi. ' Mr. President, at this House committee; and when the Senate the year is up. Some of those needed will volunteer. But time I shall refer to only one portion of committee speaks, it speaks for. the Sen­ many will have to be recalled involuntarily. the article, as follows: ate committee. We are now in this par­ There's no guaranty against recall for a JUST WHO IS BEING RECALLED NOW? liamentary status: A provision written Reserve officer, so far. The Air Force is calling in about 21,000 into the. House bill has been deleted in YET A NEW WHOLESALE RECALL OF OFFICERS IS Reserve officers from its Volunteer Reserve the Eenate committee bill, and until we NOT LOOMING? during the year to end June 30, 1952. have a conference and the conferees No; the Armed Forces are just going ahead I do not know that to be a fact; but meet and agree, then we do not have the with the limited program adopted last if it is in part a fact, it is a complete final word of the Congress. The Sena­ spring. It won't approach the call-up of tor from Washington knows that to be so. contradiction of ·~he information pro­ last winter. Some changes are in the wind, Mr. CAIN. I would say to my friend however, that could make a much larger call vided to the Appropriations Committee, which entitled that committee to say to from Wyoming that the Senator from for reservists necessary. Washington has no desire to labor this WHAT MIGHT CAUSE RECALLS TO EXPAND?" us in all sincerity that it believes that no further calls of Volunteer and In­ point much further. I have, however, . Two possible developments. One is final several additional comments to offer. approval by Congress of a new plan to re­ active Reserves will be made by any of the ar::ned services. One of them is that what the Senator quire discharge after 12 months of active from Wyomt1g has just said gives me duty for veteran Reserve officers and enlisted Mr. O'MAHONEY. Mr. President, men who were not in drill-pay status when will the Senator yield? great distress. He has pointed out that the Senator from Washington knows they were recalled last winter. This plan was Mr. CAIN. Certainly, sir. approved by the House in the form· of an that there is a great and vast difference amendment to the Defense Department ap­ Mr. O'MAHONEY. In the interest of between the language used in the bill propriation bill. The amendment was written strict accuracy, let me say that what and the language used in the committee by Representative JAMES E. VAN ZANDT. The the committee said was an expression of report. Unfortunately, that is too often Senate may knock out the Van Zandt rider, its own feeling. The statement was true. But one fact is undenied, that as the Defense Department hopes. But, if that- adopted, this plan will boost demand for average American citizens, who are the trained replacements-who can only be The' committee strongly feels that the ones whose rights we seek to protect, re­ found among Reserves. plans of the armed services should be co­ ceive any words coming from the Senate The other possibility is additional expan­ ordinated- of the United States or from the House sion in the Armed Forces. Both the Army And so forth. The next sentence of Representatives as being factual, ob­ and Air Force are asking for more men. If reads as follows: jective, accurate, and true. I said yes­ their requests are approved, they will need more Reserve officers than they now plan to Short of all-out global war the committee terday, and I repeat it, that I merely get. does not expect any· branch of the armed thought the Senator from Wyoming and services to can any more men involuntarily his associ~tes had been misinforrr.ed. I EXACI'LY WHAT FACES AN AIR FORCE OFFICER?. into service who have had 12 months' serv­ at no time suggested that the committee He is one of approximately 200,000 indi­ ice during World War II. viduals left in the pool of World War II sought to misinform the Senate, because AF Reserve officers. In months ahead he That was an expression of belief and the Senator from Wyoming went out of is likely to get a set of orders to report to a hope to the armed services, and was not his way overnight to provide the Senate nearby air base for 4 days of physical exam a statement interpreting the testimony with additional information. and interview. If he's a pilot, navigator, which was given, for my explanation of Mr. President, I shall and will soon ·bombardier or flight engineer, in good the testimony throughout was that be­ conclude but wish first to offer for the health, with fairly recent flying practice, he almost certainly will be urged to volun­ cause of the nature of the .military sit­ RECORD-and I presume I had better read teer. If he refuses, he may be drafted uation in Korea, it would be impossible it--a letter from a combat major engi­ sooner or later, though the Air Force says now, in the opinion of the military, to neer now in Korea, which reflects on the its official policy is to avoid using any flight follow the inflexibility of the Van · question we are discussing, and I should personnel psychologically motivated against Zandt amendment. appreciate it if the Defense Department 1951' CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-· SENATE 11147 would give consideration to his views. months of service in World War II, over Mr. CORDON. Mr. President, will the He nierely writes ~o _say:· those who have come into the service Senator yield? · AUGUST 30, 1951. and are now in Korea, but who did not Mr. CAIN. Certainly. Senator HARRY P. CAIN, have such original service in World War Mr. CORDON. · The statement just Senate B u ilding, II? read by the Senator from Wyoming Washington, D. C. Mr. O'MAHONEY. It is my under­ would indicate that there is a preference DEAR SENATOR CAIN ·: I wish to thank you for· your prompt reply and for· furnishing standing, I should say to the Senator, given to those who served in World War me with a copy of Public Law 51. Having that such priority is not given, for the II, and that such preference, by degree, a copy of the bill has enabled me to answer reason that in the system of rotation it at least, 'favored those who had served many questions for men in the unit and has has been desired to release soldiers who the longest period in World War II. cleared up many erroneous opinions to the served through the winter in Korea, or That preference certainly is what should satisfaction .of all concerned. who have served for a period of 3 or 4 be given, and I am interested in whether, We who were active members of the bat­ years without having had actual ·service as a matter of fact, it is given. · talion prior to its being calle.d to duty have a feeling that we are being discriminated in World War It I find this statement Mr. CAIN . . That I do not know to be with. respect to the .Army: · a fact. against in that shortly after we were called J there was a sudden cessation in the calling ,A major effect of the 12-month provision Mr. CORDON. I think we must have of reservists either active or inactive. Con­ w ~ th respect to bot!]. officer and enlisted per­ in mind that we are dealing with human sequently we feel that we ar.e classed as sonnel would be the necessity for suspension beings, that we are dealing with fam­ those that got caught. . of overseas rotation planned to commence ilies, that we are dealing with a very I am wondering what action is being taken September 5, 1951, when many individuals to release from the service the active i:e­ will complete 4 years' continuous. service considerable segment of our citizenry, seryists? We feel that we have cione our overseas in December, and the 12-month and that those who served in World War share in that we have sacrificed homes, fain­ provision would necessitate further exten­ II had their service over 5 years ago. ilies, and jobs for over a year by being back sion of their overseas tour. They are now 5 years older. They have on active duty, 7 months of whicp has been General McFayden, of the Army, when been assimilated into the life of the in Korea. This on top of from 3 to 5 years country. They have taken over the ob­ service in World War II tends to discourage testifying before the committee, de­ ligations of citizenship. They have wives the incentive in an individual especially scribed the system, with a chart to il• when there is apparently no relief in sight lustrate .his testimony. I read ·from his and children, and they are in an al­ for the few who were chosen. statement: together different position in this mat­ As I previously mentioned we have been ter from that of a young man who has General McFAWEN. I will take ·time to. not yet become identified with respect to in Korea for .7 months. 'Now we are in­ show you the complete personnel picture of f armed that local regulations place us in family, the obligations to support a fam­ competition with members of the Regular the Army for the remainder of this year and next year, and I think it is of fundamental ily, to 'Support himself, and to take his Army for rotation. to the States. It is little position in the civilian aspects of the wonder that a feeling of discrimination pre­ importan~ in understanding the magnitude vails. Were the , Army our chosen career of this 'particular amendment. The Army at country. · Unless something is done to there would '. be no grounds for such feeling the present time is accomplishing two things set aside sharply the preference so as to but most of us desire to carry on with our which are somewhat unparalleled in modern permit those who because of age alone civilian life and as time progresses this is times. One is the rotation of an entire field would-not be taken today if it were pure­ becoming increasingly more difficult. army, actively committed against an enemy; ly a question of draft, but who are taken Any information that you can furnish rotation by individuals and not by sending a solely because they have a Reserve me on the status of the actiye reservist with certain number of people who replace a cer­ tain number of people, but within that send­ status-unless something is done for a particular emphasis. on his release from the mo.re definite rotation_..:..! would strongly service will be appreciated. ing the radar operator to replace the radi:i.r operator, and the gunner to replace ·the gun­ support the rotation which is provided My only necessary or required response ner, and so· forth. for in the bill; and I do not want to do to the major is to send him the remarks At the same time, the Army is in a state that. which appear in the CONGRESSIONAL of partial mobilization, call it what we will, but we are in a state of partial mobiliza­ I realize that we are facing a condition RECORD of yesterday ·and today. tion, conducting an active operation, and at and not a theory. I realize that the sit­ ·Mr. CORDON. Mr. President, will the the same time we are functioning under per­ uation is not the ideal. I realize that it Senator from Washington yield? sonnel limitations, as to· lengths of service, ha"S been bungled, and I realize that what Mr. CAIN. I yield to the Senator from something that was never encountered in we were led to believe was a striking Oregon. · · - World War I, and never encountered in force that could strike at "4 o'clock· in Mr. CORDON. The Senator from Ore­ World War II. - the morning" was nothing of the kind, gon raised many of these questions in There is other testimony to the same and that we have put back into uniform , the general Appropriations Committee effect. The release procedure was de­ many men who never should have been session, on the mark-up, and ·reserved scribed by General McFayden in the fol­ called. Someone has bungled and who­ his right of final decision on the over-all lowing words: ever it is, there is a responsibility which question until the bill reached the floor. Now, we plan to stagger out in the 60-day he must take. · But. the fact still remains The Senator from Oregon is not yet pre­ period ahead of the 17 months, these officers. that we face a condition. I should hesi­ pared to say what his ultimate judgment Not all will go in 60 days, but some will tate to go along with the provision that on this question will be. begin. Local comman ·iers will decide which was inserted in the · House, solely be­ One question on which it may be that officer will leave early and which officer will cause, as a practical proposition, it might the Senator from Washington has an leave late, depending upon their particular militate against the maintenance of the opinion-or, if.he has not, on which per­ need, with, of course, preference to the vet­ cohesive force which is necessary, but I erans of long service overseas in World War II want to do anything and everything I haps the chairman of the subcommittee as opposed to the individual with srr;all or no in charge of the bill may be able to help service overseas. can to impress upon the military au­ us-is this: Is there in effect at the pres­ thorities the necessity of· ·the earliest ent time in the Defense Establishment a There is a preference .to a degree when possible rotation of the men of older priority in rotation? May I have the such preference can be exercised, but not age who have already been in World attention of the Senator from Wyoming an over-all preference. War II and who were released from that to the question, please? It may be help­ Mr. CAIN. I may say to the Senator war and have been taken back into the ful in getting an answer. I think this from Oregon that my understanding is service, not because of an ·all-out emer­ particular question was not raised during that no officer or enlisted man is given gency or an all-out mobilization, but our consideration of the bill. We were . preference with reference to rotation in . solely because it was more convenient rushed at the time, and as a result, we Korea because of · any prior service in to take them. - did not get all the information which I World War !I. My information, though Mr. CAIN. It seems very plain that should have liked to have. The question I mi1y be incorrect, is that the system of the Senator from Oregon, the Senator I am asking at this time is this: Is there priorities for rotation in Korea is de­ from Wyoming, the Senator from Wash­ any system of rotation in effect which termined by the length of time a service­ ington, and all other Senators are joined gives priority in rotation to those veter­ man, officer, or enlisted man has served in one common effort. We seek to have ans of World War II who had at least 12 in Korea. such a Military Establishment that those 11148 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE SEPTEMBER 11 inactive and voluntary reservists now to -the Senator from Wyoming [Mr. PRESIDENT TRUMAN'S ADJ)RESS AT ·THE serving in a second war in Korea can be O'MAHONEY], who has a very difficult job DEDICATION OF THE GENERAL AC­ released and the sooner the better, and to perform. I think he has been ex­ COUNT.ING OFFICE that in 'the fbture it will be completely traordinarily helpful and sympathetic to Mr. FERGUSON. Mr. President, unnecessary to call to the colors those the emphasis some of us have placed on earlier today the President of the United splendid men who made a contribution the pending question. States, in an address to the people of in. World war II. Mr. O'MAHONEY. Mr. President, I the Nation on the occasion of the dedi­ .All that I have attempted to do, with am very grateful to the Senator from cation of the General Accounting Office, the very willing cooperation of the chair­ Washington for the kind words he has made certain comments on the present man of the subcommittee, has been to just uttered. I want to say that I think fiscal condition of the United States and emphasize the question, to bring it again he has performed a distinct service in the prospects of our fiscal condition in to -the attention of the Military Estab­ the questions he addressed to me yes­ the future. I am afraid the President lishment in tbe hope that no single effort terday and again today. I feel his dis­ was not conscious of the effect of his will be overlooked to provide a result cussion has served to clarify the situa­ statement upon inflation when he re­ which will give us manpower out of this tion. The Senator from Oregon [Mr. lated some of the facts which he used in generation to fight the Korean war. CoRDON J has spoken the mind, I think, his address. It appeared that he had Those fine young men who fought in of the committee, and I feel that a no fear of the pressure that the expendi­ World War II held the fort, plugged the great deal has been gained by what has tures being asked for would have upon dike, so to speak, in Korea, beginning .been said. I thank the Senator from inflation in the United States. 14 months ago, when we did not have the Washington. It should also be observed that the Military Establishment which many of us· Mr. CAIN. We want, sir, to take the President's comment on the functions thought was prepared for such an emer- Senator's good hopes in the committee of the General Accounting Office ap­ gency. . report and breathe some real life in pear to be erroneous. He seems to think I shall lend every effort I can with any tl:em, and I think we will do it before the that the General Accounting Office, Senator on either side of the aisle so to contest is over. while being under Congress, had the speed up our processes that we may re­ REPLY BY ROBERT McCORMICK TO function of determining whether or not turn to private life those contributors SENATOR MORSE there was efficiency or waste in Govern­ to freedom and victory in World War II. ment. Mr. President, that is not the Their example ought to be followed by Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, I shall function of the General Accounting those who were too young or not re­ take only 2 or 3 minutes. Earlier this Office. The function of the General quired to fight in World War II. Any afternoon I paid my disrespects to an Accounting Office is to make post audits. war is a rotten, miserable business, but editorial which appeared this morning in It only goes into the question of the every generation ought to be required. the Washington Times-Herald and Sun­ legality of expenditures; not whether as most of them are willing, to assume day morning in the Chicago Tribune. there is waste in the expenditures. It the responsibilities and burdens of their Those two yellow newspapers are pub­ simply considers the question: Has the generation. lished by Robert McCormick, of Chicago. expenditure been authorized? It does Mr. SALTONSTALL. Mr. President, Following my comments in the REC­ not determine whether the expenditure will the Senator yield? ORD, I noticed on the ticker this after­ has been efficient or wasteful or whether Mr. CAIN. Certainly. noon, and was very much amused by it, there has been destruction of property Mr. SALTONSTALL. I would most the reply of Robert McCormick, the pub­ or waste in the use of property. respectfully say to the Senator that I lisher of the Chicago Tribune and the As to whether there is waste in Gov­ think the discussion he has brought forth Washington Times-Herald. His reply ernment, I think the President prob­ has been extremely helpful. The Sen­ was that MORSE is a New Deal liar. Of ably knows the facts as well or better ator knows that I have in Massachu­ course, it only goes to show, Mr. Presi­ than most people in the United States, setts an extreme case, because I showed dent, what happens to that kind of a because he served as chairman of the the Senator a letter-- man when journalistic senility overtakes Senate's War Investigating Committee, Mr. CAIN. And I was so bold as to him, as is the case with Mr. McCormick. and it was then his function to go into It shows what journalistic hardening of use that letter without mentioning the d~tails respecting expenditures of Gov­ author of it, or the fact that it had the arteries does to a newspaperman, ernment. I know that the· reports put come from my friend from Massachu- Mr. President. out by his committee time after time setts. · I am convinced it has reached such an showed that there was inefficiency, that Mr. SALTONSTALL. I am glad the advanced stage with McCormick that if there was wastefulness in Government: Senator did so. My position in the com­ a liberal thought could ever get through While the reports of his committee were mittee in connection with striking out his cortex, a thought that plac~d the in­ most beneficial and did result in great this amendment was purely to make it terest of the American people above the savings in the prosecution ·of World War possible for us to work out the best pos­ reactionary forces he serves, he would II, I have no reason to suppose that sible language in conference, because I die· of a brain hemorrhage. conditions of waste and inefficiency to felt_,-and knew that the language as it I dismiss him, Mr. President, by re­ which he .then directed his attention was written, while it was an effort to freshing the memory of the American are not being duplicated today. accomplish the objective, would cause people of the fact that he is the pub­ All we have to do is to ask any vet­ more harm and more unfairness than it lisher of a newspaper which, following eran of our armed services about' that would do good. I think we should work the Battle of Midway, published a Navy subject. I doubt if there is a single out an amendment, if it i[; necessary to dispatch which it had obtained surrepti­ one who would not recall at least one do so, and are convinced that the mili­ tiously, and which disclosed that we had instance, and even more, when he wit­ tary need one. broken the Japanese code. For my nessed the deliberate discarding or de­ Mr. CAIN. I personally share the money, when the· Chicago Tribune pub­ struction of articles or commodities that opinion just expressed by the Senator. lished that message, Mr. President, were useful and had a value. We must have sympathy for these men, which any self-respecting newspaper The President, among other things, re­ unless we are absolutely convinced that with any patriotic impulses would never f erred today to expenditures of Govern­ the Defense Establishment itself is have published, it came so close to com­ ment as they relate to prosperity, in- going to make such an amendment mitting an act of treason and jeopardiz­ . come, and profits and the like. He re­ unnecessary. ing the lives of thousands of American f erred to them even after paying taxes. Mr. FERGUSON and Mr. CASE rose. boys, that I repeat what I said earlier I think he should know full well that The PRESIDING OFFICER. The this afternoon, that whenever the Chi­ we have not yet seen any more than a Senator from Washington [Mr. CAIN] cago Tribune or the Washington Times­ glimpse of what we are going to see in has the floor. Does he yield; and if so, Herald insults the junior Senator from the way of Federal expenditures in the to whom? Oregon with any of their smear tactics. future. Mr. CAIN. Mr. President, for the rea­ I consider it a great compliment. I For example, let us consider the de­ son, sir, that I have an associate who is would consider myself disgraced if I ever fense appropriation bill now under con­ leaving the city, and I must leave the found Robert McCormick supporting me sideration. The bill we ·are now de­ floor, I want to pay my p~rsona l respects politic ally. bating calls for the approp:;:iation of 1951 CONGRESSIONAL . RECORD-, SENATE 11149 $.61,000,000,000. But we find that actu­ happen to ·be the years when we had the branch of Government, every Member·of ally only $39,000,000,000 will be spent in Eightieth Congress, which the President · Congress, arid every individual citizen 1952. That leaves a net amount of $22,- defined as the worst Congress in the his­ must see to it that all should put their 000,000,000 for future expenditure. We tory of the United States.. The reason he shoulders to the wheel. are also informed that the Department · called it the worst Congress is that it was Let us remember that the Government of Defense has $44,000,000,000 of appro­ a Republican Congress. But it was a has no independent resources or · any priated but .unexpended funds from past Congress which cut expenses. As a re­ source of revenue except the productive years. ·In sum, Mr. President, we see sult of cutting expenses there was a sur­ capacity of the American people and the a picture of $66,000,000,000 in outstand­ plus during that Republican Congress. taxes they pay. If anything will ever ing commitments to be spent in future It is now convenient for him to draw result in bringing a socialistic govern­ years, beyond what we may further ap­ upon the results of that Congress to show ment to the United States, it will be the propriate in the future. It is the in­ a 5-year record of surplus. That is the influence of increased taxes and Govern­ flationary impact of that kind of pent only reason why he included the fiscal ment expense. When we take from the up spending authority which we .have record of the Republican Eightieth Con­ American people in the form of taxes, not yet seen, and have yet to feel. gress in his tabulation today. the capacity to make and lay aside ·a Now, when it comes to the actual In 1948, during the second session of surplus, there will be only one place spending of those sums we will have to the Republican Eightieth Congress, we where money can be obtained for the find revenue to cover the spending. It had a surplus of $8,400,000,000. Taking further development of our resources or is tpen, Mr ~ President, that we shall see the last 4 · years and balancing out the even the maintenance of our productive what is left after taxes. · Then we shall net deficit of the subsequent 3 years, we capacity, and that will be the Federal see what the increases are in the cost of have a surplus of $7,000,000,000. But the Government. When that day comes, the food, in the cost of clothing, and of President wants also to use the first ses­ day of socialism will have arrived, be­ other necessities of iife. As I have said, sion of the Eightieth Republican Con­ cause the essence of socialism is control that sum on the books is spending au­ gress, in 1£47,; we then had a surplus of and operation of a nation's resources ·and thority and is to be spent in addition to three-quarters of a billion dollars. Thus production vested in the state. the sum which will be appropriated for over a 5-year term it can be shown that We have alarming indications of that current expenditure in future years. we have had a surplus of $7,800,000,000. kind of situation today. When the RFC Mr. President, after this military ap­ That is the figure which the President came before the Appropriations Com­ propriation bill came over from the used before the public today, telling them mittee, its representatives stated that House the Senate committee added a that in the past 5 years Congress has not there were more applications for assist­ certain amount. I wonder how many had a deficit, but has been operating ance than there ever were previously be­ have noted the. coincidence that the ap­ upon the basis of a surplus of nearly cause that is the only agency which can propriation amount added was approxi­ $8,000,000,000. furnish the money for expanding pro­ mately equal to the figure which appears That is one way of looking at it, and I duction. The banks and other financial in the pending tax bill. So the increase appreciate the implied tribute· he makes institutions are unable to do so because in this bill alone would eat up the total to the Eightieth Congress, since its sur­ the Federal Government is taking so amount -of the tax increase, which was pluses of more than $9,000,000,000 were much of their capital and the capital in designed to Qover the deficit· predicted more than sufficient to offset the net which they deal through taxes. All we when the 1952 budget was initially sub­ deficits of the succeeding years. have to do is to read the history of the mitted. Yet we are talking about a pay­ But that is another way to look at it, British Empire in the past decade to as-you-go basis. The President again and I submit it is more realistic, because see that the thing which put the British stated in his address today that he ex­ ·it deals with more current fiscal prob­ into so~ialism was high taxes and ineffi­ pects the people to pay as they go. lems. In the past 3 years the balance . ciency in government. They took from I realize that the President, when he would have been a $1,400,000,000 deficit. their pe0ple money which should nave compiled the budget and submitted it to It is only when we add the $9,100,000,- ·gone to the people for their own invest­ the people, did so with a claim that not 000 surpluses of the two sessions of the ment. So I hope the President will see one cent could be taken from it without Republican Eightieth Congress that we what these enormous expenditures have dire harm to the United States. As one find an over-all surplus for the term of done in the way of producing inflationary of the advocates of econ·omy and effi­ 5 years the President chose to employ. pressures upon our economy, and may ciency in government, and the elimina­ I hope that the Senate apprecfates the yet. do to. our entire system. I hope that tion of waste, I am compelled to make real pressures which are being caused by there will be a reversal iri the position reply to that contention and to his ad­ these enormous appropriations. As I of the Executive, and that he will co• dress today. stated yesterday on the floor of the Sen­ operate with Congress to the end that we The President made the further state­ ate, it is not always a question of what is may reduce the costs and expenditures of ment that in the past 5 years we have actually spent within the current fiscal Government. It is idle otherwise to talk been operating on the basis of a surplus year. As I have noted, the bill before us about any pay-as-you-go plan, and the of nearly $8,000,000,000. Let us find out represents anticipated actual expendi­ alternatives to such a plan, as we all how the President arrived at the figure of tures in this fiscal year of only $39,000,- know, conta.in the seeds of destruction. $8,000,000,000 .surplus. · 000,000. That is all the military could DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE APPROPRIA- In 1951-last year, so far as the spend because of the situation with re­ TIONS, 1952 finances of the Government are con­ spect to tools, facilities, raw ·materials, cerned-he had estimated a deficit of and so forth. The effect of that kind of The Senate resumed the consideration $2,700,000,000. In anticipation, taxes spending is sufficiently alarming, but the of the blll A. Thrift, John Childs, 4758A. West, Jack C., 4859A. Shtogren, Anthony Thomas, 4956A. Harris, Bentley Hill, Jr., 4759A, Haygood, Joh~ Calvin, 4860A. Sykes, Robert Brown, Jr., 4957A. Lingamfelter, Charles Brown, Jr., 4760A. Cooper, Paul Thomas, 4861A. Hemans, John Gullans, 4958A. Miller,. David Vern, 4763A. Chapman, Lloyd Douglas, 4862A. Hill, Preston Louis, 4959A. Haney, Richard Paul, 4764A. Ireland, Russell Forrest, 4863A. Dole, Charles Rollin, 4950A. Brown, Norwood Joseph, 4765A. Smith, Calvin Hunter, 4864A. Bruce, Sidney Clyde, 4961A. Blood, Gordon Fisk, 4766A. Bryant, James Basil, 4865A. Eairley, John James, 4962A. Larson, Lloyd Robert, 4767A. Main, Philip, 4866A. Dorn, Wilfred Charles, 4963A. Powell, William Henry, Jr., 4768A. Chisholm, Henry James, 4867A. West, Shelton James, 4964A .. Pease, John Harold, 4769A. Harris, William Doyle, 4868A. Adams, Nathan Jasper, 4965A. Henderson, Harvey Earl, 4770A. · Cresswell, Arthur Stanley, 4869A. Keller, Frank Jacob, 4966A. Hilpert, Arvis Laverne, 4771A. Lipscomb, Woodrow Wilson, 4870A. Watson, John Charles, 4967A. Galligan, Clarence Joseph, 4772A. Porterfield, Samuel Grisby, 4871A. Dyas, John Robert, 4968A. Sullens, James Alexander, 4773A. Goyt, Gordon Franklin, 4872A. Slate, Melvin Howard, 4969A. Lambert, John Lincoln, 4774A. Sartz, Jacob Peter, Jr., 4873A. Knox, Robert Burns, 4970A. Kable, Max Sanford, 4775A. McTaggart, Elmer Ernest, 4874A. Schoenfeldt, Verl Boyce, 4971A. Johnson, Donald William, 4776A. Byerley, Sam John, 4875A. Thorington, William. Patteson, 4972A. Newman, Frank Moulton, 4777A. , Orban, Henry Albert, 4876A. Banbury, Richard Clair, 4973A. · Adair, Archie Samuel, 4779A. Pa~terson, Willard Adrin, 4877A. Dutrack, Dean William, 4974A. DuVal, Robert James, 4780A. Fernandez, Fernando Joseph, 4878A. Franz, Richard John, 4975A. Hamberg, Walter, Jr., 4782A. Sowers, Louis Melvin, 4879A. Lindley, William Carey, 4976A. Neal, Van Edgar, 4783A. Yates, William James, 4880A. Orr, Robert Hutchinson, 4978A. Akers, Marion Jesse, 4784A. Zumwalt, McLyle Gerald, 4882A. Roman, Maxwell William, 4979A. Shields, John Robert,· 4786A. Coward, James Smith, 4883A. Brown, William Ray, 4980A. Jones, Edelle Mason, 4787A. Falletta, Charlie, 4884A. Robert, Wade Hampton, Jr., 4981A. Crosby, Stephen Harmon, Jr., 4788A. Hillman, Donald Edison, 4885A. Konosky, John Martin, 4982A. Kincade, Norman 'Theodore, .4789A. Nuttall, Lloyd Roscoe, 4886A. Christian, Shannon, 4983A. Gilbert, Olin Edward, 4790A. Wise, Jowell Clark, 4887A. Wemple, Neil Waldron, 4984A. Tower, Donald Oren, 4791A. Guthrey, Edison Dale, 4888A. Jantzen, Charles Donald, 4985A. O'Neal, Julius Elliott, 4792A. Nigro, Edward Henry, 4889A. Parsons, Albert Burchard, 4986A. Wall, Wallace, Jr., 4793A. Stover, George Edward, 4800A. Hopkins, Wallace :Cugene, 4987A. Moody, Joe Lydie, 4794A. Goree, Richard De.y, 4891A. Knobloch, Richard August, 4989A. McAfee, Harry Edwin, 4795A. Woodbury, Willard Glenn, 4892A. Wisman, Will1am Woodrow, 4990A. Todd, Walter Frantzen, 4796A. Wise, Jphn Walter, 4893A. Bailey, Malcolm Archer, 4991A. Rawl, Robert Clifton, 4797A. Fant, Murray Gibbes, 4894A. Lewis, Leon Guilford, 4992A. Keator, Randall Denison, 4798A. Anderson, Herbert, 4895A. Ferguson, Ivan Leonard, 4998.A. Bailey, Charles Ezekiel, 4799A. Scott, Franklin Harold, 4896A. Bailey, William Bradford,, 4994A. Shultis, Donald Charles, 4801A. Latshaw, Joseph Bruce, Jr., 4897A. Miller, R_ichard Wilson, 4995A. Howard, James Shuler, 4802A. McWhirter, Horace Bee, 48.98A. Bolt, WUliam Thomas, 4996A. Steinemann, Frank Cable, 4803A. Simpson, Donald Pierson, 4900A. Tice, Clay, Jr., 4997A. 1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD.-.SENATE 11153 Sims, Jack Ahren, 4998A. Thomas, Arthur DeCosta, 5100A. Barber, Rex Theodore, 5198A. McRay, Edward James, Jr., 4999A. Ledoux, Elzia, 5101A. Snell, Gale Elwood, 5199A. Renick, Charles Robert, 5000A. Rogers, Thomas James, 5102A. Holbert, Kenneth Warren, 5200A. Simons, William James, 500~.8.. · Garrett, Louis Henry, 5103A. Curtis, Victor Norman, 5201A. Stephens, Evans Grant, 5003A. Daniels, Edward Linden, 5104A. Branham, Ethel Bert, 5202A. Turner, William Lloyd, 5004A. Mumford, Harry Griffin, 5105A. Harvey, Clyde Lawrence, Jr., 5203A. Cobb, Elman 'Redell, 5005A. Fite, Calvin Ward, Jr., 5106A. Sheeks, Robert Morrison, 5204A. Lindley, William Cecil, Jr., 5006A. Hall, James Heard, 5107A. Grifiin, Joseph Henry, 5205A. Muldoon, Bernard Richard, 5007A. Brown, James Joseph, 5108A. Van Deusen, George Hanchett, '5207A. Ensley, William Tyrus, 5008A. Walkowicz, Teddy Francis, 5109A. Osher, Ernest Kermit, 5208A. Johnson, Barney Lee, Jr .• 5009A. Mahoney, Hugh, 5110A. French, John, 5210A. Case, Harvey Lee, Jr., 5010A. Withers, David McNeil, 5111A. Newman, Ralph Forrest, 5212A. Laubrich, Herman Allan, 5011A. Kjeldseth, Clarion Jonason, 5112A. Petit, Robert Lindsay, 5213A. Habeger, Joseph Edward, 5012A. Donics, William, 5113A. Montgomery,. Emery Harry, 5214A. Stark, Smy-lie Conn, 5015A. Thorpe, George Wilson, 5114A. Martin, Joseph McClinnon, 5215A. Miller, John Edward, 5016A. Battison, William James, Jr., 5115A. Preston, Llpyd Warner, 5216A. Rat h, George Edward, 5017A. Schenk, Peter Joseph, 5116A. McClernon, .Glen John, 5217A. Liles, Robert Lee, 5018A. Howell, Joseph Woodrow, 511BA. Lightner, Lawrence Scott, 5219A. St rozier, Buddy Alexander, 5019A. Austin, Oscar Eugene, 5119A. Farnham, Sheldon Webster, 5220A', Keilman, Myron Harold, 5020A. Coad, Hunter Sugg, 5120A. Williams, William Isaiah, 5221A. Roessell, Jack, 5021A. Rochte, ·Lucian Sebastian, Jr., 5122A. Settles, Ben Hiestand, 5222A. Mcintire, Howard Jay, 5022A. St. John, Wilbert Elvin, 5123A. DeJarnette, Thomas Davis, 5223A. Irwin, Jesse Arthur, 5023A. Farrior, William Owen, .5124A. · Eggleston, Donald Erskine, 5224A. Latiolais, Stanley Paul, 5024A. Osander, Edward Matts, 5125A. McKee, Daniel Deupree, 5225A. Johnson, Oris Baker, 5025A. Cody, Joseph Julian, Jr., 5126A. Staley, Harry Albert, 5226A. Dowtin, Rex, 5026A. Busching, Richard Witt, 5127A. Petrovich, John Robert, 5227A. Stevenson, Ralph Lee, 5028A. Gilbert, Lawrence Gaylord, 5128A. Jones, Paul Anson, 5228A. Robbins, Jay Thorpe, 5029A. Ainsworth, Donald Hoadley, 5129A. Abbuhl, Charles, Jr., 5229A. Hickman, Raymond Edward, 5031A. Crisp, Dennis, 5130A. McClelland, Harold Moody, 5230A. Congleton, Boyd Ellis, 5032A. Phillips, Charles Richard, 5132A. Garrigan, Robert James, 5231A. Spear, Robert Langdon, 5034A. Disher, Raymond James, ul34A. Johnston, Robert Reed, 5232A. Murphy, John Hogan, 5035A. Owens, Marcus Orlando, Jr., 5135A. Mullins, James Athal, 5233A. Ellis, Frank Wilby, 5036A. Jones, Charles Oliver, 5136A. Popovich, Taras Ted, 5234A. McNabb, John Malcolm, 5037A. Kirkpatrick, Harold Cope, 5137A. Loise1, John Simon, 5235A. Phippen, Daniel Kirby, 5038A. Sanders, Norton Winston, 5138A. Palmer, Garnet Bruce, 5237A. Ardis, Thomas Benjamin, 5039A. Dixon, Jacob Wylie, 5139A. Ledford, Jack Clarence, 5238A. Beckstrom, Kenneth Wellington, 5040A. Hammond, Mahlon Bray, 5140A. Van Dyke, Edward Allen, 5239A. / Taylor, Tom Richards, 5041A. Shick, Robert Williams, 5141A. Harrell, William Sommerville, 5240A; Hassler, Ira Edwin, 5042A. Riggin, Francis Darryl, 5142A. Perry, Edward Allen, 5241A. Wadsworth; Joseph Franklin, Jr., 5044A. Bender, Richard Carl, 5144A. Sandifer, Virgil Everett, 5242A. Davoli, James Edward, 504oA. Foster, George McKee, 5145A. Bolender, Carroll Herdus, 5243A. Norris, William Albert, 5046A. Dallam, Welw'yn F., Jr., 5146A. Walton, Wallace George, 5244A. Burley, Charles Frederick, 5047A. Smith, Walter Alvin, 5147A. Counselman, Orville Lewis, 5245A. Moore, Hugh Campbelle, 5048A. White, Maynard Earl, 5148A. Crowley, William Francis, 5246A. P ayne, Joseph Ei:nest, 5049A. Heatly, Ralph Orville, 5149A. Derey, Cloyd Harold, 5247A. High, James Russell, 5050A. Grable, John, Jr., 5150A. Brown, Bryan Wells, Jr., 5248A. Harrell, Irving Jackson, Jr., 5051A. Massengale, William Marcues, Jr., 5151A. Sherrard, Wright Jacob, 5249A. Taylor, William Barrett 3d, 5052A. ·Glass, Burl . Elijah, Jr., 5153A. Bratton, Andrew Jackson, Jr., 5250A, Jones, David James, 5053A. Jordan, Charles Edward, 5154A. Huber, Paul Martin, 5252A. Pattillo, James Louis, 5054A. Hill, Kenneth Everett, 5155A. Dusenbury, James Albert, 5253A. Powell, William Kenneth, 5055A. Pricer, Donald Calvin, 5156A. Hilt, William·Myron, 5254A. Cardenas, Robert Leon, 5056A. Lyon, Edsel Lonnie, 5157A. Wilson, Thomas Norville, 5255A. Lynch, Donald Hugh, 5057A. Sanders, Frederick Armstrong, 5158A. Skinner, Eugene Elam, 5256A. Wear, John Francis, 5059A. Matthews, Ira Van Diver, 5159A. Fulton, Wayne Lewis, 5257A. Simmons, J. A., Jr., 5060A. Vinzant, Mark Harvey, Jr.; 5f60A. Lund, Harold Gold, 5258A. Lumpkin, William Lawrence, 5061A. Conlin, Joseph Stanford, 5161A. Robie, John William, 5260A. Fryer, Rex Donald, 5062A. Powers, Arthur Dennis, 5162A. Mundorff, John LeRoy, 5261A. Cassity, Russell, 5063A. Mobbs, George Dalton, 5163A. Neff, Edward Rudolph, Jr., 5262A. Kyes, William Bush, 5064A. Liebman, David Israel; 5164A. To be majors with rank from December 14 Abbott, Thomas Wood, Jr., 5066A. Vinzant, Warren Elmer, 5165A. 1950 Berger, Jack Calvin, 5166A. Wimberly, Charles Leslie, 5067 A. UNITED STATES AIR FORCE Fouts, Thomas Allen, Jr., 5068A. Watkins, James Albert, 5167A. Bird, Joseph Warren, 5070A. Wesson, Frederick Jefferson, 5168A. Penn, Kirby Clement, 8°?346A. Cat t, Harold Jackson, 5071A. Cartwright, Jack Arthur, 5169A. Stroud, Herbert Ogden, 8348A. Seeds, Dale Stimmel, 5072A. Anderson, Nels Albert, 5170A. McGiverin, Francis, 8349A. Safley, Don Louis, 5073A. Kimbrel, Claude Roscoe, 5171A. Robertson, Gavan Carson, Jr., 8351A. Weber, Henry Loy, 5074A. Davenport, Dean, 5172A. Myers, Raymond Bell, 8352A. Baker, Gordon Edwin, 5075A. Savage, Frank Stephenson, 5173A. Kucheman, Henry Bernard, Jr., 8353A. Wild, Hugh Eldon, 5076A. Huey, Sam Lee, 5175A. Crouchley, Edward Alfred, 8354A. Glassburn, Kenneth Lemuel, 5077A. Riggle, Glenn Blaine, 5176A. Burrus, Donald Edward, 8355A. Jackson, Willie Otto, Jr., 5078A. Tudor, William Lewis, 5177A. Shumway, John Rollin, 8357A. Ruark, William Ernest, Jr., 5079A. Justice, Arthur Edward, Jr., 5178A. Ott, Walter Wesley, 8358A. Bivin, Verne, 5080A. Fowles, J. Francis, Jr., 5179A. Youqg, William Ross, 8359A. Smith, Gilbert Glover, Jr., 5081A. King, Norman Elliott, 5180A. Sterling, Edwin Leigh, 8360A. Kelly, Albert Sidney, 5082A. Schee, Owen, 5181A. Vivian, Edward Alfred, 8361A. Kline, John William, 5084A. Ross, Finlay Fuller, Jr., 5182A. Nolan, Robert John, 8362A. Erb , Theodore Henry, 5085A. Doan, Oliver Colling, 5183A. · Sims, Daniel Alexander, 8363A. Howard , Rodger Lee, 5086A. Larson, Harold Vernon, 5184A. Schmidt; Ferdinand Rudolph, 8364A. Templeman, Robert Berger, 5087A. Healey, James .f'rancis, 5185A. Dowswell, John Royden, 8365A. Allen, William Chandler, 5088A. Hogan, James Francis, 5186A. Keefer, William Edward, 8366A. P aine, John Britton, 5089A. Sanders, Marshall Eugene, 5187A. Simmons, Hal Francis, 8367A. Murray, Henry Franklin, 5090A. Trippet, William Alexander, 5188A. Noonan, Robert Matthews, 8368A. Connors, Wayne Stephen, 5091A. Carroll, Joel Allen, Jr., 5189A. Nielsen, William Charles, 8369A. Peck, Thornton Cecil, 5092A. Tunstall, Francis Paul, 5190A. Atchison, Delmar Wallace, 8370A. Holbrook, Joseph Charles, Jr., 5093A, Buckley, Jack Lionel, 5191A. Simmons, John Albert, Jr., 8371A. Porter, Robert Arthur, 5094A. Warner, Roger Martin; 5192A. Johnston, Robert Donald, 8372A. Wilkins, Sherman warner, 5095A. Crawford, Jack Lafayette, Jr., 5193A. Morales, Carl Henry, 8373A. St ewart, Richard Reynolds, 5096A. Hull, William Thomas, Jr., 5194A. Shanklin, Donald William, 8375A. Milner, Victor, Jr., 5097A. Jones, Edward Lindsey, 5195A: Robertson, John Aaron, 8376A. · ·Nix, William Elgin , 5098A. Buckwalter, Raymond Earle, 5196A. Libbey, Richard Bell, 8377A. Seawell, Charles Henderson, 5099A. Jones, Edward McWilliams; 5197A. • Brandon, William Dale, 8378A. 11154 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE SEPTEM BER 11 Smith, Stanley, 8379A. Ritter, Lattie Alonzo, Jr., 8480A. ·Keeling, Gerald Graham, 8582A. Taylor, John Peter, 8381A. I Smith, Clure Elton, Jr., 8481A. Buckley, William Gene, 8: 83A. . Soha, Walter Michael, 8382A. Roberts, George Spencer, 8482A . Smith, Harvey Neal, 8584A. · Clark, Gordon Bartlett, 8383A. Bradley, Raymond Andrew, 8483A. Hansen, Chester Bayard, 18088A. Hartman, Herbert Arthur, 8384A. McLean, Daniel Putnam, 8484A. Galt, George Teasley, 8585A. Lame, Roland Clayton, 8385A. Mat thews, Donald Edward, 8485A. Newsom, William Wh eeler, Jr., 8587A. Gruetzemacher, Robert Oliver, 8386A. Marchesi, William, 8486A. Otto, Stanford Joseph, 8588A. McClughan, George Walter, 8387A. Merchant, Frank Barnes, 8487A. Davis, Henry Pierce, Jr., 8589A. Reinburg, Ge·orge Everett Adam, Jr., 8388A. Duke, Claude Lavert, Jr., 8488A. Snodgrass, Okey Warren, Jr., 8590A. Lawson, George Asbury, 8389A. Collin&sworth, J. D., 8489A. Larson, Harold Bert, 8591A. Mccorkle, Howell Pinkard, 8390A. O'Connor, Frank Quinn, 8490A. Godwin, Jasper Lucas, Jr., 8592A. Tyson, John, 8391A. Wilson, Vernon Eugene, 8491A. Campbell, William Ayers, 8593A. Maxwell, Jewell Clinton, 8393A. McAllister, Walter Lynch, 8493A. Bland, George Thomas, 8594A. Saunders, Johnson Rawlett, Jr., 6853A. Brown, Ralph Lindsey, 8494A. Drees, Fred William, Jr., 8595A. Wilson, Edward Lewis, Jr., 8394A. Rose, James Leroy, 8495A. Hansley, Frank Woodrow, 8596A. Lanzoni, Silvio Disiderio, 8395A. Scullion, J. Donald, 8496A. Cline, Harold Frank, 8598A. Price, Thomas Jefferson, 8396A. Campbell, James Milton, 8497A. Harrington, Ralph Herman, 8599A. Forest, Stuart Vickery, 8397A_. Rennels, Fred Logan, Jr., 8498A. DuBose, Edward Ervin, Jr., 8600A. Ryan, Thomas Stone, 8398A. Riggs, William Earle, 8499A. White, Harold Cook, 19570A. Clary, Ralph Leo, 8399A. Chairsell, William Spaulding, 8501A. Sanders, Francis Arnold, 8601A. Hull, Arnold Robert, 8400A. Fisher, Franklin Lee, 8502A. Spear, Peter Holden, 8602A. Sorey, Robert Lexford, 8401A. Massengale, Herbert Williams, 8503A. Stephenson, Ottis Virgil, 8603A. Robertson, Bennett Eugene, 8402A. Hedlund, Bryce Albin, 8504A. Wright, William Jefferson, 8604A. Stinson, Frederick Austin, 8403A. King, Donald Harrison, 8505A. Bowen, John Edward, 8605A. Roberts, Donald Wilmarth, 8404.f.. Lewis, Armit William, 8506A. Smith, Earl Octavis, Jr., 8607A. Crisi, Alfred Renato, 8405A .. Briscoe, Carroll Dayle, 8507A. Totten, Jerry Mac, 8608A. Summers, Charles Leroy, 8406A. Vaughn, Jasper Melvin Paul, 8508A. Ariano, Richard Angelo, 8609A. Dunlap, Robert Richard, 8407A. Shomo, William Arthur, 8509A. Bragg, Russell Merle, 8610A. Suggs, Ralph Goodrick, 8409A. Halton, William Timothy, 8510A. Pattillo, Leslie Gray, Jr., 8611A. Smith, William Radcliffe, 8410A. Mcclung, Ray Swinfield, 8511A. Lamm, Louis Joseph, 8612A. Dunn, Lamar Jackson, 8411A. Saunders, Clason Bastable, 8513A. Hensley, Gaston Means, 8613A. Lingo, Jack Wood, 8412A. Hughe!, George Kinley, 8514A. Hatcher, Nolan Creamer, 8614A. Skousen, Samuel James, 8413A. Cooper, Harold Dalrymple, 8515A. Smith, Sydney Philip, 8616A. Robinson, John William, 8415A. Price, William Alec, 8516A. Biberstein, Arthur Lester, 8617A. Watkins, John Jefferson, 8416A. Barthel, Carl Coulbourn, 8517A. Westmoreland, Lonnie Quitman, 8618A. Wilk, Jake Louis, Jr., 8417A. Sather, Roy Oscar, 8518A. Holman, Alvin Russell, 8619A. Nye, Francis Walter, 8418}\.. Dyer, Frederick Wolfin, Jr., 8519A. Brown, Jack R., 8620A. Vogt, Louis Richard, 8420A. Burton, Charles Richard, 8522A. Beall, Lewis Sherod, 8621A. Carroll, John William, 8423A. Bushue, Bernard John, 8523A. Godfrey, Eugene Oakes, 8622A. Kelly, Walter Earl, 8424A. Schulstad, Louis Melvin, Jr., 8524A. Hunter, William Austin, 8623A. Downing, Harry L., Jr., 8425A. Lindberg, James Oscar, 8525A. Bower, Deward Edward, 8624A. Thomas, Leonard Laughlin, 8427A. Stoffel, Nicholas Peter, 8526A. Britt, James Oliver, 8625A. Beard, William Alton, 8428A. Brainerd, Jackson Wright, 8527A. Marsh, Frederick Hamilton, 8626A. Gammon, William John, 8430A. Temple, Kenneth Leo, 8529A. Belfield, Douglas Findlay, 8627A. Woods, Willie Green, Jr., 8431A. - Pedersen, James Clinton, 8530A. Helmick, George Herbert, 2d, 8628A. Foster, James Harry, Jr., 8432A. Walters, Joe Paul, 8531A. Asch, Alfred, 8629A. Banning, RiChard Eldon, 8433A. Williams, Lee Roy, Jr., 8532A. XBryant, Marion Floyd, 8630A. Schleeh, Russell Ellsworth, 8435A. Jenkins, Ralph Clark, 8533A. Pendergrast, Donald Waldean, 8631A. Willcox, Grover Cleveland, Jr., 8436A. Blakely, Everett Ernest, '8534A. Matson, Wayne, 8632A. Tarver, William Head, Jr., 8437A. St ewart, John Smith, 8535A. Weatherford, Sydney William, 8633A. Roberts, William Kennard, 8438A. Brady, Edward Leo, 8536A. Curran, Emmett Eugene, 8634A. Lown, Franklin David, Jr., 8439A. Huston, Laverne Francis, Jr., 8537A. Eells, Irving Carl, 8635A. Martin, Bill H., 8538A . . Leaverton, George Buehler, 8440A. Johnson, Charles Wilburn, Jr., 8636A .. Taylor, Glenn Watson, 8441A. Regan, John Morgan, 8539A. Reppert, Leonard Brooks, 8637A. Marek, Frank Edward, 8442A. Arnold, Richard Tribble, 8540A. Midkiff, Richard Lee, Jr., 8638A. Nichols, Frederick Kenneth, 8444A: Scott, Robert Ray, 8541A. Jory, Jesse Frederick, 8639A. Appold, Norman Carl, 8445A. Gossett, Ernest Eugene, 8542A. Hewett, Henry Baker, 8640A. Eckert, Clarence August, 8446A. Armbrust, Carl William, 8543A. Parsons, Hershell Echoll, 8641A. McCleary, William James, 8447A. Powell, Russell, 8544A. McCord, George Edward, 8612A. Burkett, Reinhold Erwin, 8448A. Tueller, Jack LeRoy, 8545A. Hellriegel, William Charles, 8643A. Miller, Jerry Devroe, 8449A. Belongia, Blair Gerald, 8546A. Richmond, George Mount, 8644A. Evans, Clayton Edgar, 8450A. Trask, James Edward, 8548A. Hendry, Augustus Mallory, Jr., 8645A. Allison, Royal Bertram, 8451A. DeBriyn, Raymond Joseph, 8549A. Forward, Ronalct Bradley, 8646A. McDonald, John Rudolph, 8452A. Leary, Richard Edwin, 8550A. Crossey, James Leo, 8647A. Allyn, Robert Howard, 8453A. Sweetland, Earle Everett, 8551A. Hancock, James Herman, 8648A. Iverson, Leroy Cook, 8454A. Knapp, Joseph Martin, 8552A. Zeigler, Carl Emerson, Jr., 8649A. Reber, Marlen Elmer, 8455A. Ferebee, Thomas Wilson, 8554A. Upson, Linus Frederick, Jr., 8650A. Boatwright, Carolyn Elizabeth, 21273W. Lavens, William Louis, 8555A. Kendig, Robert Elwood, 8651A. Shaffer, Dale Lester, 8456A. Hoffman, John Matternas, 8556A. Long, Benjamin Franklin, 8652A. Vickers, Laverne Delmar, 8458A. Butts, Earl Adolph, 8557A. Hallam, Philip Glendon, 8653A. Morrison, John Ellsworth, Jr., 8459A. Clement, Edwin Gustave, 8558A. McW111iams, Calvin Edward, 8654A. Rushforth, Robert George, 8460A. Artiglia, Aldo, 8560A. · Breeze, William Hughes, 8655A. Byrne, Eugene Watson, 8461A. Perlberg, Norman Nathaniel, 8562A. Reecher, Kenneth Aaron, 8656A. Roath, Dean Gilbert, 8462A. McCloy, Edward, 8563A. .Ayers, Jerry Houston, 8657A. Steiner, William Howard, Jr., 8463A. Banker, Robert Darrell, 8564A. Mahurin, Walker Melville, 8658A. Reid, Michael Taylor, 8464A. Sharp, Daniel Francis, 8565A. Campbell, Edward Everett, 8659A. Hoffmann, Robert Munroe, 8465A. Miller, Paul Burwell, 8566A. Taylor, Ralph Gordon, Jr., 8660A. Genez, Victor Maurice, 8466A. Hostler, Charles Warren, 8567A. · Myers, Joseph, 8661A. Haltom, Charles Cleveland, 8467A. Kaspereen, Frank Robert, 8568A. Gates, Robert Woodrow, 8662A. Darby, James Addison, 8468A. Anderson, William Albert, 8569A. Crumm, William Joseph, 8663A. Ts.ylor, Richard, 8469A. Wicklund, Harold Alphonse, 8570A. Haselby, Johnnie Vernon, 8665A. Harvey, Julian Arthur, 8470A. White, William Thomas, 8571A. Bamburg, Horace Edvion, 8666A. Cronin, James Joseph, 8471A. Kay, Marvin Edwards, 8572A. Schuyler, Dean Hanson, 8667A. Barton, Terry Reed, 8472A. Eisenbrown, Walter Thomas, 8573A. Vestal, Howard Lee, 8668i . Grubbs, Wallace Elmer, 8473A. Killip, John Thomas, 19534A. Ceuleers, George Ferdinand, 8669A, Blais, Lawrence Francis, 8474A. Pakenham, Thomas Francis, 8574A. Alexander, Wiley Lee, 8670A. Alexander, Donald, 8475A. Tipton, Richard Pike, 8575A. Johnson, Gerald Walter, 8671A. Begg, Charles Forsyth Henry, 8476A. Collins, I:{arold Douglass, 8576A. Barraclough, Robert Arthur, 8673A. Marvel, Alden Leroy, 847'1A. Shubin, Murray Joseph, 8577A. Birdsong, George Purnell, Jr., 8674A. Ward, Oliver Clark, 8478A. McClelland, Jack, 8578A. Turton, John Stephen, 8675A. Wallen, P h il Jack, 8479A. Grady, William Robert, 8581A. Jeffrey, Arthur Ferdinand, 8676A. 1951· .· ... CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 11155

Benz, Walter G-0ttlieb, Jr., 8677A. Pawlowski, Harold I., 8770A. Futch, Kenneth Harlan, 8872A. Byrd, Herman· Earl, 8678A. Brinson, Sheldon Smith, 8771A. Dieterich, Virgil Conrad, 8873A. Gossick, Lee Van, 8679A. Tatum, Theodore Penfield, Jr., 8772A. Reddell, William Harold, 8874A. Lacroix, Lucius George, 8680A. Burson, Th.omas Lee, 8773A. Gipson, Charles Hoover, 8875A. Lancaster, Hartwell Charles, 8681A. Dunn, Bruce Collins, 8774A. Dieterle, Jack Woodrow, 8876A. Beam, Edgar Stowe, 8682A. Abellera, Thomas, 8775A. Fox, James Henry, 8877A. Rhodes, William John, 8683A. P arsley, Wayne Mitchell, 8776A. Horridge, Richard Malcolm, 8878A. Moore, William Hudson, 8684A. Hornsby, Joseph D., 8777A. Rozier, George Chambers, 8879A. Fackler, Robert Frederick, 8685A. Patton, James D., 8778A. Hewitt, John Arnot, 8880A. Green, Herschel Harper, 8686A. Sheppard, Chris Jewel, 8779A. Hill, Yates Michel, 8881A. Kellogg, David Neel, 8687A. Braun, Vincent Augustine, 8780A. Michel, ·Theodore James, 8882A. Adams, William Alonzo, Jr., 8688A. Faught, Courtney LeMar, 8781A. Ogden, Harold Archer, 8833A. Adair, Allan Percy, 3d, 8689A. Cartwright, Philip Eugene, 8782A. Moody, Peter Richard, 8884A. Hill, Alvin James, 8690A. Simmons, Henry Caraway, 8783A. Clementson, Gerhardt Christopher, 8885A. Curry, James Hyter, 8691A. Martindale, Ward Wendell, 8784A. McAdam, Theodore James, 8886A-. Stewart, James Thompson, 8692A. Eddy, Leonard Arthur, 8785A. Harrell, John William, Jr., 8887A. • Carlton, Paul Kendall, 8693A . Stevenson, Horace Adlai, Jr., 8786A. Hardaway, Ben Franklin, Jr., 8889A. Pace, William Norris, Jr., 8694A. Lutman, Charles Carroll, 8787A. Low, Andrew Stevenson, Jr., 8890A. Click, Benjamin Arthur Lee, Jr., 8695A. Griffith, Frank John, 8788A. Snow, Wilbur Deane, 8891A. Giller, Edward Bonfoy, 8696A. Cometh, Lawrence, 8789A. Palfrey, Campbell, Jr., 8892A. Blair, Hubert Maynard, 8697A. Wray, James William, Jr., 8790A. Stapleton, Carl William, 8893A. Arnold, Carl, 8698A. Crompton, Roy Clifton, 8791A. Short, Robert Bryan, 8894A. Wimsatt, Joseph Francis, 8699A. Ansell, Norris Jacob, 8792A. Smith, Roy Orval, Jr., 8895A. Bloomer, Joseph Aloysius, Jr., 8700A. Luckey, Michael Arthur, 8793A. Maupin, Jere Washington, 8896A. Newman, Fred Haynes, 8701A. Duff, David Dryden, 8794A. Woodward, Paul Berkshire, 8897A. Burns, Harmon Eugene, 8702A. Alexander, Andrew Jackson, 8795A. Holdrege, Fred Ernest, Jr., 8898A. Hoeper, Paul Edward, 8703A. McLaughlin, George William, 8796A. Gustaves, Selmer, 8899A. Meyer, Robert Jene, 8704A. Coleson, Roger David, 8797A. · Robinson, Flood Irvin, 8900A. Rex, Edward Martin, 8706A. Hardee, Walter Robert, Jr., 8798A. Reid, John Douglas, 8901A. Crim, Harry Clay, Jr., 8707A. Waters, Joseph Rogers, 8799A. Weigel, Andrew Hudson, 8902A. Moberly, Caleb Powers, 8708A. Herring, John Henry, Jr., 8800A. Anderson, John Munroe, 8903A. Vogt, John William, Jr., 8709A. Bores, Albert ·David, 8801A. House, Richard Arthur, 8904A. ,,, Winfrey, Hal Cawood, 8710A. Davis, William McClure. 8802A. Munns, Edward Allan, 8905A. Whitker, Frederic Edward, 8711A. Tara, Hollis Barker, 8803A. Nickodem, Lowell' Stanley, 8906A. Dickinson, Jacob McGavock, 3d, 8712A. Cody, Howard Eugene, 8805A. Ballard, Roy William, 8908A. Turner, Barney Ellsworth, 8713A. Hayes, James Marvin, Jr., 8806A. Maffry, Richard Wood, 8909A. Howle, Robert Paul, Jr., 8714A. Hueners, George William, 8807A. Scofield, Frank Clark, Jr., 8910A. Upchurch, Jerry Emerson, 8715A. Andrews, John Welker, 8808A. Hanley, Thomas James 3d, 8912A. Barnes, John Woodward, 8716A. Fahringer, John Conrad, 8809A. Jaynes, Jay, 8913A. Jones, William Joseph, 8717A. Johnson, George Marvin, Jr., 8810A. Ladd, Chester Reed, 8914A. Rudolph, Bestow Reinhold, 8718A. Jorgensen, Gerald Richard, 8813A. Boone, Harry Franklin, 8915A. Robins, Nathaniel l3owman, 8719A. Cathcart, Richard Earl, 8814A. Hinkle, Carl Columbus, Jr., 8916A. Barney, Wiliiam Shores, 8720A. Brooks, Philip, 8815A. Peck, John Clarence, 8917A. Marler, Maurice Edwards, 8721A. Butler, Herbert Irving, 8816A. Dillon, Walter Walton, 8918A. Guilfoyle, Frank Joseph, 8723A. Campbell, James Maxwell, 8817A. Retzer, Karl Nelson, 8919A. Rasmussen, Darwin Elmer, 8724A. Barker, Darold .Kieth, 8819A. Buck, George Thad, Jr., 8920A. Sours, Lyle Samuel, 8725A. Arbuthnot, George Stanley, 8821A. Hughes, George Denny, 8921A. Jones, Dorrie Edwin, 8726A. Allbritton, John Leonard, 8822A. McGuire, Lawrence Francis, 8922A. Johnson, Grove Charles, 8727A. Hemphill, Robert Frederick, 8824A. Burris, ~oward Lay, 8923A. Dimel, James Joseph, 8728A. Smith, James Gordon, 8825A. Stann, Leon, 8924A. Corrie, Wirt Haley, 8729A. Ruddell, George Inkerman, 8826A. Baxter, Wyley Lovelace, 8925A. O'Donnell, Rita Elizabeth, 21275W. Walters, Therwin Stanley, .8827A. Blake, Donald Frank, 8926A. Kandel, Alfred, 8730A. Madeley, Arthur Claude, Jr., 8828A. Reinbold, · Richard David, 8927A. Gibson, Richard Cushing, 8731A. Lockard, Chancy Hoyt, 8829A. Robbs, Charles Eugene, 8928A. Daniell, Gerald, 8732A. Grace, James Dee, 8830A. Plott, William Cloyd, 8929A. McDaris, Robert Akin, 8733A. O'Connor, Denis Patrick, 8831A. Duffie, Claire Alfred Pelton, 8930A. Petersen, Tracy James, 8734A. Middleton, Arthur John, 8832A. White, Ralph James, 8931A. Silva, John Joseph, 8735A. McCarty, Billy Stewart, 8833A. Shelton, Harvey Wirt Courtland, 8932A. Parsons, Herman Oscar, 8736A. Baird, Julian Burton, 8834A. Hinckley, Robert Henry, Jr., 8933A. Hastings, Vernon Leroy, 8737A. Ayles, Robert Lewis, 8835A. Garland, William Carroll, 8934A. Trzyna, Casimir John, 8738A. Shelton, Eldridge Gudeion, Jr., 8837A. Adams, Lawrence Augustus, Jr., 8935A. Hyde, Thomas Cecil, 8739A. Cole, Charles Harold, Jr., 8838A. Gernert, William Edgar, 8936A. Nichols, Philip Charles, 8740A. Weaver, Jai;nes William, 8839A. Evans, Robert Ramsey, 8937A. Thurston,' Joseph Walter, 8741A .. Townsend, Guy Mannering, 8840A. Beers, Robert William, 8938A. Mallett, John Homer, 8742A. Schultz, Melvin Rae, 8841A. Berman, Robert Arnold, 8939A. Gebhart, Harold John, 8743A. Moreland, Charles Thaddeus, Jr., 8842A. Frank, Wallace Biddle, 8940A. Koch, Harry Eugene, 8744A. Lucas, Anthony Dean, 8843A. Hyde, Frederick Weston, Jr., 8941A. Mann, PP.rbert Raymond, 8745A. Hicks, Roger Lee, Jr., 8844A. Slaton, Howard Westley, 8942A. Coen, Oscar Hoffman, 8746A. · Moon, Ryan Michael, 8846A. Burke, Mark John, 8943A. Dufour, Jerome Pierre, 8747A. Schwarze, Elroy Henry, 8847A. . . Murphy, John Richard, 8944A. Shaw, Lauren Launer, Jr., 8748A. McConnell, Charles Henry, 8848A. Westenhoff, John Hurst, 8945A. Levy, Robert Maurice, 8749A. Banks, Jack Ralph, 8849A. Rose, John Buorsiquot, Jr., 8946A. Nunziato, Ralph ·Joserh. 87EOA. Carvalho, Henry Pacheco, 8850A. White, Ernest Johnson, Jr., 8947A. Livingston, Robert Paul, 8751A. Griffith, Ole Curtis, Jr., 8851A. Scott, Richard Martin, 8948A. Shepard, Charles William, 8753A. Lemley, Samuel Arthur, 8852A. Deffke, Donald Eugene, 8949A. T ippen, Forrest Wade. 8754A. Abramson, Charles Elmer, 8853A. Fishburne, Charles Carroll, Jr., 8950A. Hill, Clayton Craig, 8755A. Vernon, Elmer Harland, 8855A. Rew, George Robert, 8953A. Frank, Milton, Jr., 8756A. Gaslin, Harold Earl, 8856A. Ellis, Jerome Pershing, 8954A. Williamson, Laurence David, 8757A. Hackleman, John Leslie, 8857A. Clay, Lucius DuBignon, Jr., 8956A. Callaway, Leonard Clifton, 8758A. McDermott, ·Joseph William, 8858A. Ward, Albert McConnell, 8957 A. Ventriss, Donald Edwin, 8859A. Crutcher, Richard Lawrence, Jr., 8759A. Cunliffe, Richard King, 8958A. Arbogast, Thomas Joseph, 8760A. Fitzgerald, Vernerc\ 8860A. Skipp, Francis Edwin, Jr., 8861A. Shirley, Paul, 8959A. Walck, Richard Eugene, 8761A. Callahan, Qharles Augustine, 8960A. Carroll, John Alyth, Jr., 8762A. Staite, Robert Alfred, 8862A. Shepard, Ernest Berryman, 8961A. Allen, Clayton Forbes, 8763A. Bagley, Ronald Dale, 8863A. Franzel, Robert Thomas, 8764A. Webb, Clarence Russell, Jr., 8864A. Svejkar, Joseph, 89:53A. Gregory, John Lewis, Jr., 8765A. Kendrick, Robert Fay, 8866A. Worthington, Roy Henry, Jr., 8964A. Draper, Frederick Arthur, Jr., 8766A. Macklin, John DeWalt, Jr., 8867A. Shean, John Paige, 8965A. Head, Willie Chester, Jr., 8767A. Charlesworth, William Robert, 8869A. Simmons William Bailis, 8966A. Crumley, James Perry, 8768A_. Cobb, John Tyrus, 8870A. Grow, Clyde L., 8967 A. Johnson, Timothy Robert, 8769A. Tosti, Carlo Ralph, 8871A. Lafko, John William, 8968A-. 11156 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE SEPTEMBER 11 Dietrich, Calvin George, 8969A. Brackley, William Lowell, 9062A, · Price, Weston Hugh, 9160A. Hammett, -George Francis, Jr., 8970A. Heaberg, James Hugh, 9063A. Rosebush, ·Kenneth Earl, 9161A. Mangerich, Walter Edward, 8971A. Fulton, Raymond Andy, 9064A. Howe, Charles William, 9162A. Embrey, Leland E., 8972A. McCullough, John Hiram, 9065A. Peterson, Marshall Ruth, Jr., 9163A. Catterlin, Richard Ryder, 8973A. Nigra, Le Roy, 9066A. Personeus, Lester, Jr., 9164A. Mulligan, Robert Alexander, 8974A. Tweedie, Roy Leonard, 9067A. Adams,.Orville Glenn, 9165A. Mulling, Eugene Gregory, Jr., 8975A. Richey, Robert Harry, 9068A. Morris, Frederick Eugene, Jr., 9166A. Huie, Perry Len, 8976A. Hibner, Edwin Lee, 9069A. Gaston, Allen Berry, 9170A. Davis, Charles Larramore, 8977A. Hobaugh, John Henry, 9070A. Kremer, Emil Albert, 9171A. Turnipseed, Felix Martin, Jr., 8978. Hinkle, Wayne Keith, 9071A. Walker, Hal Tabb, 9172A. Heisler, William Foster, 8979A. · Hoggatt, James Laure, 9072A. Cameron, William Roderick, 9173A. Phillips, Samuel Cochran, 8981A. Hauser, Elmer Fred, 9073A. Beck, Richard William, 9174A. Clay, Marvin Jones, 8982A. Paffel, Donald Westover, 9074A. Bennett, Thomas Wiggin, Jr., 9175A. Bennett, John Wray, 8984A. Appel, Charles Albert, 9075A. 1:mstrom, Carl Milton, 9176A. Voigt, Jack Parks, 8985A. Adams, George William, Jr., 9076A. Kreidler, Howard Everett, 9177A. Walior, John Thomas, 8986A. Ma-;.il, Dwight Edward, 9077A. Baker, Charles Clare, 9178A. Howat, Kenneth Walter, 8987A. Harvey, John Francis, 9078A. McElhanon, William Edwin, 9182A. Lynch, Robert James, 8988A. Stewart, R. C., 9079A. Stahl, Horst Adolph, 9183A. Powers, John Joseph, 8989A. Beckley, Raymond Elmer, 9080A. Libbert, John Edward, 9184A. Biretta, Algert Anthony, 8990A. Sacknoff, David Arnold, 9081A. Crispen, Marshall Freeman, 9185A. Seale, Maxie Ben, 8992A. Talmant, Alex W111iam, 9082A. Vandeveer, Lawrence Edwin, 9186A. Coons, Walter Harold, 8993A. Stoney, Paul Roberts, 9083A. Dacus •. John Howard, 9187A. Martin, Metro, 8994A. Carter, James Richard, 9084A. Bedford, John Peter, 9188A. Steel, Byron Mevell, 8995A. Small, Richard Dante, Jr., 9085A. Kimball, Clarke Charles, 9189A. Reineck, Rollin Clark, 8996A. Johnson, Ralph Arthur, 9086A. Bench, Herbert George, 9190A. Riddle, Richard DeKalb, 8997A. Peterson, Arthur Hews, 9087A. Cassada, Randall Curtis, 9191A. Starke, Eugene Clifford, 8998A. LeFebre, Frederick Herman, 9088A. Clendenin, Robert Antone, .9192A. McClanahan, William Ariail, 8999A. Simpson, Charles Edwin, 9089A. Hines, Wilfred Edward, 9193A. Barton, Will!am Gerald, 9000A. Robertson, Edwa"d Harold, 9090A. Holland, Chaz Max, 9194A. Ward, Joseph Lea, 9001A. Mitchell, Robert Herald, 9091A. Collier, Ben Franklin, 9195A. Gee, Howard Sherwin, 9002A. Kirkendall, James Frederick, 9092A. Gunn, James Henry, 9196A. Hegyessy, Harold Maurice, Jr., 9003A. Bleck, Robert Barton, 9093A. Stehling, Henry Joseph, 9_197A. Miller, Lester Fred, 9004A. Johnson, James Troy, 9094A. Layhee, Harold Franklin, 9198A. Yucker, Julius Lyman, Jr., 9005A. Frarie, Wayne Merrill, Jr., 9095A. Laun, Wirt Adams, Jr., 9199A. Hegseth, Orville Donald, 9006A. Schultz, Kenneth Walter, 9096A. Elling; Milfred Otto, 9200A. Springer, Ralph Robertson, 9007A. Anderson, Milton Alphonso, 9097A. McNally, Lawrence Mathew, 9201A. Snipes, James Cook, 9008A. O'Connor, Squire Timothy, 9098A. Black, Walter Edward, Jr., 9202A. Deets, Jack Lester, 9009A. Kindig, Roger F.