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Top Bar Hive Article by Anne Frye o Oct/Nov2011 In recent years in the U.S. and Europe, there rectangular; the angled walls ofTBHs al­ Newbees, Bee-Ware has been a trend toward trying top bar hives low the bees to make that shape. Also, it is by Anne Frey, EAS Master Beekeeper (TBHs). This long, horizontal type of hive argued that allowing bees to build their own uses no frames, just parallel bars of wood comb lets them retrogress to a smaller, more placed at the top of the hive. This is in con­ natural bee-body size by creating smal1l:r trast to the Langstroth hive, which is used cells than what they make when drawinrT Though I have never used a top bar hive, b by most beekeepers and is made of stacked cells from foundation. I became intrigued with them a few years boxes, each containing 8 to 10 rectangular ago when my friend and fellow EAS JVlaster frames for wax comb. Secondly, the TB 1 is supposed to be less Beekeeper Erin MacGregor-Forbes started expensive. No wa.,x foundation is needed, running some in her bee yard, In addition The TBHs sold or made now all began and there are less hive parts in general­ to keeping track of Erin's TBH experi­ as copies of those originally used in less e.g. no bottom board, queen exduder, inner ences, I have consulted with vVendy Booth, industrialized countries, mainly in Africa. cover or outer cover. No honey extractor President of the New Hampshire Beekeep­ In equatorial Africa, some people were lucky or uncapping knife arc needed either, since ers Association; Tony Jadczak, .Maine State enough to have a bee tree, but others found harvesting is done by cutting the comb Apiarist; and Dan Kerwood, former Presi­ one in the forest, cut it down, and brought and using it as comb honey or crushing/ dent of the Southern Adirondack Beekeep­ the log home as a hive. Placing hollow logs straining it. ers Association. vVith their help and the near their home help of still others experienced wi th top bar would sometimes hives, this article was born. also lure a swarm. These log hives ."""."" .. , .. ,.~ were either kept on stands, or suspended in trees by ropes or wire, in a horizontal position, simply "Bees managed in top-har hives are allowed because it's easier to do what their natural instincts direct, not and safer to handle what we want them to do. Top-bar bees are a log horizon tally healthier and happier. " than vertically. Later, - from topbarbees.com enterprising bee­ keepers mimicked the log shape by Before you sigh contentedly and embrace building hives from the platitude above, thinkincr it would be b lumber. The shape a fine world if we could just let the bees do is a long horizontal box sometimes with It is said thatTBHs arc better for small­ their own thing and maybe all their troubles tapered walls, as in the Kenyan TBH (the scale beekeeping, since there is less distur­ would then fade away, consider the fol­ cross-section of the KTBH is a trapezoid). bance when working hives, and less honey lowing: Bees always do what their natural is created. Related to this, there is also no instincts direct. No beekeeper can tell honey heavy lifting of supers. bees what to do, and if you think you can, then you should continue keeping bees for TBH advocates say the comb is better a few more years and you'll learn otherwise. According to those who believe in TBHs, since there is no re-use of honeycomb, thus vVe beekeepers mold our actions to what we there are numerous reasons TBHs are reducing disease potential as well as chemi­ learn about and observe the bees doing, not better than Langstroth hives. Advocates cal buildup in comb. They also say that the other way around. Bees draw comb from say the TBH is a more natural shape for bees in TBHs are less prone to diseases and bars placed at the top of their colony, or a hive. The bees aren't forced into using a parasites, partly because the cells are macle within frames, or create free-hanging comb human-designed high-rise box. In TBH smaller (to discourage the otherwise syn­ even lacking any woodenware. They make enthusiast lingo, "vVhy do people force chronized brood cycle of the varroa mite). as much comb as they need, when they need these lovely creatures to conform to a design Lastly, they say that honey from clean, new it, providing they have room and p1l:nty of standardized by 'The Man?'" Normal wild comb is of higher quality. carbohydrates (nectar or sugar syrup). comb shape is rounded at the bottom, not :.... I THE BEE LI NENewsletter of the Maine State Beekeepers Association I mainebeekeepers.org ......... : ................................. " ~ 2 TBHs are less expensive. This is true, but less than 5 hives, and consider the bees with caveats. A typical TBH kit costs part of the family, like pets. That all sounds great, right? \Vell, yes, $495, or you can download plans to The arQ1.1I11el'lt that the bees are less kind of. That is, un till took a look at each build your own, possibly from lumber t:> disturbed when working a TBH is statement through the lens of everything you already have. This should not be confusing. When drawing comb, at first 1 know and have researched about honey hard, since the TBH can be made with the bees tend to stick it to the sloping bee behavior and how weather affects them. about 20 board feet of lumber, and that sides of the hive, so a comb often must Allow me to address each one of the TBH makes me wonder why a kit costs $495. be sliced offin order to pull one up and claims in turn: A typical Langstroth hive with supers, exami ne it. The bees also often build plus a small extractor, etc. will run about comb in curves, across more than one top 1 The TBH betterfollows the shape of $650. Of course, both styles of beekeep­ bar, which means the comb has to be cut a natural hive. Really, folks, the natural ing will need the usual bees, veil, gloves, off and the bar returned to the hive to be shape is a (standing) hollow tree. The hive tool, smoker, honey strainers, etc., re-started. After all, hives must have re­ Lanastroth hive mimics a hollow tree and these are not included in these cost 1:> movable combs in order to be inspected. better, since height is the largest dimen­ estimates. However, with the Langstroth \Nith Langstroth hives, beginners may sion. The reason it looks like a box is hive, you get more hive. The volume of also disturb the hive, but at least during simply that humans build with lumber. 2 deep brood chambers is 5,150 cubic a normal inspection they aren't undoil1g inches. The vol­ the work that was done by the bees. ume of 3 medium supers is 5,387 cu. It is true that TBHs have no heavy in., which makes supers to lift, and produce less honey. the total size for a The 60 - 75 lbs. of honey harvested summer Langstroth annually from a Langstroth hive may hive (2 deeps plus seem excessive to many when even a real 3 mediums) 10,537 honey-phile consumes only about 20 lbs. cu. in. Compare per year. that to the volume TBHs may be appropriate for someone of a 44-inch-long who only wants bees for pollination and KTBH: 5,670 cubic the sheer joy of beekeeping, and can inches. The TBH deal with re-stocking the hive each year. has only 54% of the It is truly rare for a colony to make it volume of a supered through a northern winter, and if it does Langstroth hive, and survive, the colony is often smaller than is only a bit over a baseball and must be saved by adding a the volume of 2 package of bees to it in the spring. Inside the Langstroth hive, the bees deeps. The size of a TBH is smaller than use whatever space they want to­ a Langstroth hive being run for comb 4 DiJCme and chemiwl buildup iJ Iwened. sometimes a stretched ovoid shape up honey, and beekeepers who produce "Disease buildup" refers to American the middle. Also, creation of natural comb honey know this comparatively Foul Brood, Chalkbrood, European Foul comb with varying cell sizes is possible small size encourages swarming. Brood, and Sacbrood. Current advice for with Langstroth hives, by using only all beekeepers is to use brood comb only a tiny strip of foundation-'-or none­ 3 TBHs are betterfor Jmall-Jcale beekeeping. 4 - 5 years, combined with close inspec­ on the top bar of each wooden frame. "Small-scale beekeeping" has a nice ring tion of every brood comb twice a year for Excessive drone comb can be moved to it, and seems to contrast itself favor­ all diseases to prevent any diseased comb up into supers to use for honey produc­ ably to the huge migratory operations from remaining in a hive. Varroa mite tion (free-formed comb includes a lot that we've learned are stressing their bees buildup may be lessened with smaller cell of drone-sized cells). As with any comb by moving them into monocultural farms size, which may come about with bees made without foundation, the hive that overuse fungicides and pesticides, drawing natural comb, though this is not must be perfectly level so combs are probably overusing hard chemical in-hive confirmed by science yet.
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