The Organic Composition of Cometary Nucleus, the COSAC Experiment on Philae
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Matematikken Viser Vej Til Mars
S •Matematikken The viser vej til Mars Kim Plauborg © The Terma Group 2016 THE BEGINNING Terma has been in Space since man walked on the Moon! © The Terma Group 2016 FROM ESRO TO EXOMARS Terma powered the first comet landing ever! BREAKING NEWS The mission ends today when the Rosetta satellite will set down on the surface In 2014 the Rosetta satellite deployed the small lander Philae, which landed on the cometof 67P morethe than 10 comet years after Rosetta was launched. © The Terma Group 2016 FROM ESRO TO EXOMARS Rosetta Mars Express Technology Venus Express evolution and Galileo enhancement Small GEO BepiColombo ExoMars © The Terma Group 2016 Why go Mars? Getting to and landing on Mars is difficult ! © The Terma Group 2016 THE EXOMARS PROGRAMME Two ESA missions to Mars in cooperation with Roscosmos with the main objective to search for evidence of life 2016 Mission Trace Gas Orbiter Schiaparelli 2020 Mission Rover Surface platform © The Terma Group 2016 EXOMARS 2016 14th March 2016 Launched from Baikonur cosmodrome, Kazakhstan © The Terma Group 2016 EXOMARS 2016 16th October 2016 Separation of Schiaparelli from the orbiter © The Terma Group 2016 SCHIAPARELLI Schiaparelli (EDM) - an entry, descent and landing demonstrator module © The Terma Group 2016 EXOMARS 2016 19th October 2016 Landing of Schiaparelli the surface of Mars © The Terma Group 2016 EXOMARS 2016 19th October 2016 Landing of Schiaparelli the surface of Mars © The Terma Group 2016 EXOMARS 2020 © The Terma Group 2016 TERMA AND EXOMARS Terma deliveries to the ExoMars 2016 mission • Remote Terminal Power Unit for Schiaparelli • Mission Control System • Spacecraft Simulator • Support for the Launch and Early Orbit Phase © The Terma Group 2016 ExoMars RTPU The RTPU is a central unit in the Schiaparelli lander. -
How a Cartoon Series Helped the Public Care About Rosetta and Philae 13 How a Cartoon Series Helped the Public Care About Rosetta and Philae
How a Cartoon Series Helped the Public Care about Best Practice Rosetta and Philae Claudia Mignone Anne-Mareike Homfeld Sebastian Marcu Vitrociset Belgium for European Space ATG Europe for European Space Design & Data GmbH Agency (ESA) Agency (ESA) [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Carlo Palazzari Emily Baldwin Markus Bauer Design & Data GmbH EJR-Quartz for European Space Agency (ESA) European Space Agency (ESA) [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Keywords Karen S. O’Flaherty Mark McCaughrean Outreach, space science, public engagement, EJR-Quartz for European Space Agency (ESA) European Space Agency (ESA) visual storytelling, fairy-tale, cartoon, animation, [email protected] [email protected] anthropomorphising Once upon a time... is a series of short cartoons1 that have been developed as part of the European Space Agency’s communication campaign to raise awareness about the Rosetta mission. The series features two anthropomorphic characters depicting the Rosetta orbiter and Philae lander, introducing the mission story, goals and milestones with a fairy- tale flair. This article explores the development of the cartoon series and the level of engagement it generated, as well as presenting various issues that were encountered using this approach. We also examine how different audiences responded to our decision to anthropomorphise the spacecraft. Introduction internet before the spacecraft came out of exciting highlights to come, using the fairy- hibernation (Bauer et al., 2016). The four tale narrative as a base. The hope was that In late 2013, the European Space Agency’s short videos were commissioned from the video would help to build a degree of (ESA) team of science communicators the cross-media company Design & Data human empathy between the public and devised a number of outreach activ- GmbH (D&D). -
DLR Developments and Application Ideas for Interplanetary Cubesats
DLR developments and application ideas for interplanetary cubesats iCubeSat, Milano 2019 Jens Biele1, Michael Maibaum1, Caroline Lange2, Thimo Grundmann2, Stephan Ulamec1, Marcus Thomas Knopp3, Frank-Cyrus Roshani3 1DLR German Aerospace Center, RB-MUSC, Cologne, Germany 2DLR German Aerospace Center, Bremen, Germany 3DLR German Aerospace Center, GSOC, Munich, Germany www.DLR.de • Chart 3 > Lecture > Author • Document > Date SKAD-Study [FRANK, MARCUS] • Orbiter as relais station for Mars-Rover • ………. Designs flown or studied (DLR) Hopper(10-25 kg) MASCOT (30, 70 kg) Philae (100 kg) Leonard MASCOT (10 kg) Folie 4 > Vortrag > Autor Folie 5 > Vortrag > Autor Study Flow of MASCOT („how to shrink a lander..“) • December 2008 – September 2009: feasibility study, with CNES, in context of Marco Polo and Hayabusa-2, with common requirements: • 3 iterations of different mass (95kg, 35kg & 10kg) and P/L • Settled on 10 kg lander package including 3 kg of P/L • Ho, T.-M., et al. (2016). "MASCOT—The Mobile Asteroid Surface Scout Onboard the Hayabusa2 Mission." Space Science Reviews 208(1-4): 339– 374. • ➔ Design of MASCOT 10 kg: a nanosat (30x30*20 cm³) . Could be a 18 U cubesat! Large ~ 95 kg, Philae hertitage Middle ~ 35 kg, Xtra Small ~ 10 kg, No post-landing Up-righting + mobility mobility MASCOT Payload (25% of total mass!) Instrument Science Goals Heritage Institute; PI/IM Mass [kg] MAG magnetization of the NEA MAG of ROMAP on Rosetta TU Braunschweig Lander (Philae), ESA VEX, 0,15 → formation history Themis K.H. Glassmeier / U. Auster mineralogical composition ESA ExoMars, Russia and characterize grains Phobos GRUNT, ESA size and structure of Rosetta, ESA ExoMars IAS Paris µOmega surface soil samples at μ- rover 2018, Rosetta / Philae J.P. -
Argops) Solution to the 2017 Astrodynamics Specialist Conference Student Competition
AAS 17-621 THE ASTRODYNAMICS RESEARCH GROUP OF PENN STATE (ARGOPS) SOLUTION TO THE 2017 ASTRODYNAMICS SPECIALIST CONFERENCE STUDENT COMPETITION Jason A. Reiter,* Davide Conte,1 Andrew M. Goodyear,* Ghanghoon Paik,* Guanwei. He,* Peter C. Scarcella,* Mollik Nayyar,* Matthew J. Shaw* We present the methods and results of the Astrodynamics Research Group of Penn State (ARGoPS) team in the 2017 Astrodynamics Specialist Conference Student Competition. A mission (named Minerva) was designed to investigate Asteroid (469219) 2016 HO3 in order to determine its mass and volume and to map and characterize its surface. This data would prove useful in determining the necessity and usefulness of future missions to the asteroid. The mission was designed such that a balance between cost and maximizing objectives was found. INTRODUCTION Asteroid (469219) 2016 HO3 was discovered recently and has yet to be explored. It lies in a quasi-orbit about the Earth such that it will follow the Earth around the Sun for at least the next several hundred years providing many opportunities for relatively low-cost missions to the body. Not much is known about 2016 HO3 except a general size range, but its close proximity to Earth makes a scientific mission more feasible than other near-Earth objects. A Request For Proposal (RFP) was provided to university teams searching for cost-efficient mission design solutions to assist in the characterization of the asteroid and the assessment of its potential for future, more in-depth missions and possible resource utilization. The RFP provides constraints on launch mass, bus size as well as other mission architecture decisions, and sets goals for scientific mapping and characterization. -
Amino Acids and the Asymmetry of Life; Springer, 2008.Pdf
Amino Acids and the Asymmetry of Life Advances in Astrobiology and Biogeophysics springer.com This series aims to report new developments in research and teaching in the inter- disciplinary fields of astrobiology and biogeophysics. This encompasses all aspects of research into the origins of life – from the creation of matter to the emergence of complex life forms – and the study of both structure and evolution of planetary ecosystems under a given set of astro- and geophysical parameters. The methods con- sidered can be of theoretical, computational, experimental and observational nature. Preference will be given to proposals where the manuscript puts particular emphasis on the overall readability in view of the broad spectrum of scientific backgrounds involved in astrobiology and biogeophysics. The type of material considered for publication includes: • Topical monographs • Lectures on a new field, or presenting a new angle on a classical field • Suitably edited research reports • Compilations of selected papers from meetings that are devoted to specific topics The timeliness of a manuscript is more important than its form which may be un- finished or tentative. Publication in this new series is thus intended as a service to the international scientific community in that the publisher, Springer-Verlag, offers global promotion and distribution of documents which otherwise have a restricted readership. Once published and copyrighted, they can be documented in the scientific literature. Series Editors: Dr. André Brack Dr. Christopher P. McKay Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire NASA Ames Research Center CNRS, Rue Charles Sadron Moffet Field 45071 Orléans, Cedex 2, France CA 94035,USA [email protected] Dr. -
The Role of Italian Industry in Space Exploration
THE ROLE OF ITALIAN INDUSTRY IN SPACE EXPLORATION Maria Cristina Falvella ASI, Italian Space Agency Head of Strategies and Industrial Policy 53rd Session UN COPUOS Vienna, 17 February 2016 THE ITALIAN SPACE AGENCY (ASI) ASI has been founded in 1988 with the purpose to promote, develop and disseminate the scientific research and technology applied in the Space field. • Specific attention to the competitiveness of the Italian Space Industry, including SMEs • ASI operates in “integrated teams” => industry and research teams under the supervision of ASI ITALY AND EXPLORATION • Since 1964 Italy acts as a pioneer in space • Exploration is a flagship program for Italy, enhancing the competitiveness of the national industrial and scientific community • Participation in successful ESA and NASA programs, with challenging roles for national industries ISS and Mars : the top priorities Italy considers ISS and Mars destinations as part of a single exploration process and works to maximize the technology and system synergies among these destinations as well as to exploit the respective benefits of robotic and human exploration. • Economic and intellectual return out of the investments • Worldwide international relations • Competitiveness of the whole supply chain, from Large System Integrators (LSIs) to Small and Medium Companies (SMEs) • Leader position in international supply chains • Upgrade of technology capabilities and IPR • Benefits in non-space related systems and applications THE ITALIAN SUPPLY CHAIN The strategic effort to encourage the development -
28Edc458904fb754f74e03e12f8
life Review The Astrophysical Formation of Asymmetric Molecules and the Emergence of a Chiral Bias † Adrien D. Garcia 1, Cornelia Meinert 1 , Haruna Sugahara 1,2, Nykola C. Jones 3 , Søren V. Hoffmann 3 and Uwe J. Meierhenrich 1,* 1 Institut de Chimie de Nice, Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, UMR 7272, 06108 Nice, France; [email protected] (A.D.G.); [email protected] (C.M.); [email protected] (H.S.) 2 Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency–Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Chuo Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan 3 ISA, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; [email protected] (N.C.J.); [email protected] (S.V.H.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +33-492-076-177 † This manuscript is dedicated to the 80th anniversary of Prof. Dr. Wolfram H.-P. Thiemann. Received: 22 February 2019; Accepted: 11 March 2019; Published: 16 March 2019 Abstract: The biomolecular homochirality in living organisms has been investigated for decades, but its origin remains poorly understood. It has been shown that circular polarized light (CPL) and other energy sources are capable of inducing small enantiomeric excesses (ees) in some primary biomolecules, such as amino acids or sugars. Since the first findings of amino acids in carbonaceous meteorites, a scenario in which essential chiral biomolecules originate in space and are delivered by celestial bodies has arisen. Numerous studies have thus focused on their detection, identification, and enantiomeric excess calculations in extraterrestrial matrices. In this review we summarize the discoveries in amino acids, sugars, and organophosphorus compounds in meteorites, comets, and laboratory-simulated interstellar ices. -
Rosetta/COSAC
C4PO research themes 10.1 ESA’s Cometary Mission Rosetta-Philae A. Context and state of the art Uwe Meierhenrich, member of the Institut Convergence, is involved as Co-Investigator (Co-I) in the COSAC experiment of the Rosetta-Philae mission. He is in particular in charge of the chirality-part of COSAC: ESA’s Rosetta mission [1], successfully launched in March 2004, reached its target comet 67P/Churyumov- Gerasimenko (67P/C-G) in 2014. Contrary to its predecessor missions Giotto and Vega to comet 1P/Halley [2,3], Deep-Space 1 to comet 19P/Borrelly [4], Stardust to comet 81P/Wild 2 [5], and Deep Impact to comet 9P/Tempel 1 [6], Rosetta is the first space mission designed and constructed to follow a cometary nucleus through perihelion passage and to deposit a landing unit on the cometary nucleus. In November 2014 the Philae lander detached from the Rosetta spacecraft and landed on the surface of the cometary nucleus that was of unknown morphology and chemical composition. Philae contains the cometary sampling and composition (COSAC) instrument that is equipped with a chirality module for the in situ identification, separation, and quantification of organic molecules including enantiomers expected to be present in cometary ices. The COSAC analysis was assumed to provide essential information on the Solar System formation and possibly on the origin of organic molecules and molecular asymmetry in biological systems [7]. COSAC is equipped with a multi-column gas chromatograph (GC), a time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOFMS), and connected to an electronic system that allows remote operation of the suite. -
The CONSERT Operations Planning Process for the Rosetta Mission
SpaceOps Conferences 10.2514/6.2018-2687 28 May - 1 June 2018, Marseille, France 2018 SpaceOps Conference The CONSERT operations planning process for the Rosetta mission Y. Rogez1, P. Puget2, S. Zine3, A. Hérique4, W. Kofman5 Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CNES, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France N. Altobelli6, M. Ashman7, M. Barthelemy8, M. Costa Sitjà9, B. Geiger10, B. Grieger11, R. Hoofs12, M. Küppers13, L. O’Rourke14, C. Vallat15 European Space Astronomy Centre/European Space Agency, PO. Box 78, 28691 Villanueva de la Cañada, Spain J. Biele16, C. Fantinati17, K. Geurts18, M. Maibaum19, B. Pätz20, S. Ulamec21 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft und Raumfahrt. DLR-RB/MUSC, 51147 Köln, Germany A. Blazquez22, C. Delmas23, J.-F. Fronton24, E. Jurado25, A. Moussi26 Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES), 18 av. E. Belin, 31401 Toulouse, France C.M. Casas27, A. Hubault28, P. Muñoz29 European Space Operation Centre/European Space Agency, Germany ESOC/ESA, Germany and 1 CONSERT Operation Engineer, Radar group 2 CONSERT Project Manager, Radar group 3 CONSERT Scientist, Planeto team, Radar group 4 CONSERT Principal Investigator, Planeto team, Radar group 5 CONSERT Principal Investigator until 2018, Planeto team, Radar group 6 Rosetta Scientist, RSGS 7 Rosetta Science Operations Engineer, RSGS 8 Rosetta Archive and Liaison Scientist, RSGS 9 SPICE and Auxiliary Data Support Engineer, RSGS 10 Rosetta Liaison Scientist, RSGS 11 Rosetta Trajectory Design Scientist, RSGS 12 Rosetta Science Operations Advisor, RSGS 13 Rosetta Scientist, RSGS 14 Rosetta Downlink -
State of Small Instruments for Nano-Spacecraft Applications – a Review
3rd International Workshop on Instrumentation for Planetary Missions (2016) 4123.pdf STATE OF SMALL INSTRUMENTS FOR NANO-SPACECRAFT APPLICATIONS – A REVIEW. J. C. Castillo-Rogez, S. M. Feldman, J. D. Baker, G. Vane, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109. Introduction: Nano-platforms, in the 1-10 kg Short lifetime and limited data rates require science range, are gaining maturity for deep space exploration to be returned shortly following acquisition. Opera- thanks to increased investments from various space tional complexity, associated for example with materi- agencies into miniaturized subsystems and instru- al sampling and processing, or calibration, may simply ments. The last decade has seen the introduction of preclude the implementation of certain measurement small platforms such as JAXA’s Minerva hopper and techniques into small spacecraft. As the field of minia- the MASCOT (Mobile Asteroid Surface Scout) [1] turized instruments progresses, it will be important to developed by the German Space Agency (DLR), both consider new ways of implementing old techniques. of which are flying on the Hayabusa 2. Rover missions This is expecially true for optical instruments which to Mars developed by NASA (e.g., Pathfinder, Mars could benefit greatly from the most recent technologi- Exploration Rovers, Mars Science Laboratory) and cal advances enabling miniaturization, for example ESA (Beagle 2, Huygens, Rosetta’s Philae, ExoMars) computational methods, on-chip spectrometers, -
The Search Campaign to Identify and Image the Philae Lander on the Surface ☆ of Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko T
Acta Astronautica 157 (2019) 199–214 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Acta Astronautica journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/actaastro The search campaign to identify and image the Philae Lander on the surface ☆ of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko T ∗ L. O'Rourkea, , C. Tubianab, C. Güttlerb, S. Lodiotc, P. Muñozc, A. Heriqued, Y. Rogezd, J. Durande, A. Charpentierf, H. Sierksb, P. Gutierrez-Marquesb, J. Dellerb, B. Griegerg, R. Andresh, B. Geigerg, K. Geurtsi, S. Ulameci, N. Kömlej, V. Lommatschi, M. Maibaumi, J.L. Pellonk, C. Bielsal, R. Garmierm, M. Taylorn, P. Martina, M. Küppersa, A. Accomazzoc, V. Companysc, J.P. Bibringo, W. Kofmand, S. Mckenna Lawlorp, M. Salattiq, P. Gaudone a European Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Agency, Madrid, Spain b Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, Göttingen, Germany c European Space operations Centre, European Space Agency, Darmstadt, Germany d Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble, Grenoble, France e Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES), France f ATOS, Toulouse, France g Aurora Technology B.V., ESAC, Madrid, Spain h Telespazio Vega UK Limited, ESAC, Madrid, Spain i Deutsches Zentrum für Luft, und Raumfahrt e.V. (DLR), Germany j ÖAW, Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria k European Space operations Centre, Darmstadt, Germany l SCISYS Deutschland Gmbh, Darmstadt, Germany m CS-SI Communication & Systèmes, Toulouse, France n European Space Research & Technology Centre, European Space Agency, Noordwijk, the Netherlands o IAS, Orsay, France p Space Technology Ireland Limited, Maynooth, Ireland q Italian Space Agency, Italy ABSTRACT On the 12th of November 2014, the Rosetta Philae Lander descended to make the first soft touchdown on the surface of a comet – comet 67P/Churyumov- Gerasimenko. -
Artificial Comet Contains Building Blocks of Life 21 March 2012
Artificial comet contains building blocks of life 21 March 2012 space mission 'Rosetta'. The program aims to place a lander on the comet Churyumov-Gerasimenko to study the composition of its nucleus. In a bid to anticipate Rosetta's findings, the scientists decided to create an artificial comet, or 'simulation of interstellar/cometary ice', and analyze its composition. The team led by Louis Le Sergeant d'Hendecourt was in charge of creating a micro-comet at the Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale. Under extreme conditions similar to those found in space (-200 °C and in a vacuum), the researchers condensed a number of compounds found in the interstellar medium, such as water (H2O), ammonia (NH3) and methanol (CH3OH) molecules, onto a solid piece of Chromatogram of the cometary ice obtained using the magnesium fluoride (MgF2), while subjecting them multidimensional gas chromatograph. Each peak to ultraviolet radiation. After ten days, they obtained corresponds to an amino acid. The higher the peak, the a few precious micrograms (10-6 grams) of artificial greater is the amount of amino acid present in the organic material. sample. ChemPlusChem, 77 (2012). Credit: Wiley-VCH GmbH & Co This material was then analyzed at the Institut de Chimie de Nice by a team led by Uwe Meierhenrich and Cornelia Meinert, using high-performance technology: a multidimensional gas chromatograph The first molecules of life form naturally in comets, (GCxGC/TOF-MS). This device, which was reveals a French-German study led by Uwe installed in Nice in 2008, can detect ten times more Meierhenrich and Cornelia Meinert at the Institut molecules in a sample than a traditional one- de Chimie de Nice and by Louis Le Sergeant dimensional chromatograph.