The Conservation Principles for the Brick and Tile Factories in Eskişehir

THE CONSERVATION PRINCIPLES FOR THE BRICK AND TILE FACTORIES IN ESKİŞEHİR A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCES OF MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY BY AYTEN HÜMA TÜLCE IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN RESTORATION IN ARCHITECTURE SEPTEMBER 2012 Approval of the thesis: THE CONSERVATION PRINCIPLES FOR THE BRICK AND TILE FACTORIES IN ESKİŞEHİR submitted by AYTEN HÜMA TÜLCE in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Restoration in Architecture Dept., Middle East Technical University by, Prof. Dr. Canan Özgen _____________________ Dean, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences Prof. Dr. Güven Arif Sargın _____________________ Head of Department, Architecture Inst. Dr. Nimet Özgönül _____________________ Supervisor, Architecture Dept., METU Examining Committee Members: Inst. Dr. Fuat Gökçe _____________________ Architecture Dept., METU Inst. Dr. Nimet Özgönül _____________________ Architecture Dept., METU Assoc. Prof. Dr. Emre Madran _____________________ Architecture Dept., METU Assoc. Prof. Dr. Deniz Özkut _____________________ Architecture Dept., Anadolu University Kemal Nalbant M.S. _____________________ Architect, MİYAR Date: 12.09.2012 I hereby declare that all information in this document has been obtained and presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I also declare that, as required by these rules and conduct, I have fully cited and referenced all material and results that are not original to this work. Name, Last name: Ayten Hüma Tülce Signature: iii ABSTRACT THE CONSERVATION PRINCIPLES FOR THE BRICK AND TILE FACTORIES IN ESKİŞEHİR Tülce, Ayten Hüma M.S. in Restoration, Department of Architecture Supervisor: Inst. Dr. Nimet Özgönül September 2012, 198 pages The aim of this thesis is to develop conservation principles for the brick and tile industry in Eskişehir, one of the symbolic industrial cities in Turkey where brick and tile has been the significant production from the Early Republic Period. The conservation of these structures, complexes and mechanical elements is a controversial issue owing to their physical, economical, social and administrative values. The principles how to conserve and why is searched through discussions on conservation approaches, development plans and values. Focusing on this aim, this study is structured in six parts as the research on industrialization and industrial heritage, review and discussion of value types, survey on brick and tile industry, the value assessment process for the factories with the proposed value types and the implementation of conservation principles. In conclusion, the development of principles is an essential process in conservation of cultural heritage. This thesis proposes conservation principles over physical, social and administrative structure for industrial heritage for brick and tile factories in the Eskişehir Industrial Area. Keywords: Industrial Heritage, Conservation Principles, Brick and Tile, Eskişehir iv ÖZ ESKİŞEHİR TUĞLA VE KİREMİT FABRİKALARINA YÖNELİK KORUMA İLKELERİ Tülce, Ayten Hüma Yüksek Lisans, Restorasyon, Mimarlık Bölümü Tez Yöneticisi: Ögr. Gör. Dr. Nimet Özgönül Eylül 2012, 198 pages Bu tezin amacı Erken Cumhuriyet Dönemi’nden bugüne kadar tuğla ve kiremit üzerine sembol bir kent olan Eskişehir’de yer alan tuğla ve kiremit fabrikalarına yönelik koruma ilkeleri oluşturmaktır. Fabrikalar bölgesinde; fiziksel, ekonomik, sosyal ve yönetsel değere sahip endüstri yapı, kompleks ve mekanik elemanlarının korunması tartışmalı bir konudur. Endüstri mirasının nasıl ve neden korunacağına yönelik ilkeler; koruma yaklaşımları, imar planları ve değerler tartışılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Bu amaç çerçevesinde, çalışma altı bölümde yapılandırılmıştır; endüstri ve endüstrileşme üzerine araştırma, Eskişehir tuğla ve kiremit endüstrisinin incelenmesi, fabrikalar için değerlendirme sürecinin uygulanması ve sonucunda koruma prensiplerinin oluşturulması. Sonuç olarak, kültürel mirasının korunması için koruma ilkelerinin oluşturulması önemlidir. Bu tez Eskişehir’de yer alan tuğla ve kiremit fabrikalarına yönelik ilkeler önermektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Endüstri mirası, Koruma İlkeleri, Tuğla ve Kiremit, Eskişehir v To My Family vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to express my deepest gratitude to my supervisor Inst. Dr. Nimet Özgönül for her support, guidance, advice, criticism and encouragements throughout the study. I also wish to thank the jury members, Inst. Dr. Fuat Gökce, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Emre Madran, Inst. Dr. Deniz Özkut, Kemal Nalbant M.S. in Arch for their effective criticism and suggestions. I would like to thank again Kemal Nalbant from Miyar Architecture who kindly provided me with valuable verbal information, as well as written and visual documents. The technical assistance of Mr. Hulusi Buyan, Ms. Necla Hacıoğlu are gratefully acknowledged. “TÜBİTAK National Scholarship Program for M.Sc. Students” had been my financial support for three semesters, which is a rare and remarkable assistance; especially for students of architecture. Finally, my whole family deserves the greatest thanks for their infinite love, cheer, support, patience, generosity and encouragement in every aspect and every day of my study. vii TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT .............................................................................................................................. iv ÖZ ............................................................................................................................................ v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ....................................................................................................... vii TABLE OF CONTENTS ......................................................................................................... viii LIST OF TABLES ..................................................................................................................... x LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................................. xii CHAPTERS 1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................. 1 1.1. The Problem Definition.................................................................................................. 3 1.2. Aim and Scope of the Study ......................................................................................... 5 1.3. Sources and Methodology ............................................................................................ 6 1.4. Structure of the Study ................................................................................................... 8 2. INDUSTRILIZATION, INDUSTRIAL HERITAGE AND CONSERVATION OF INDUSTRIAL HERITAGE ............................................................................................................................. 10 2.1. Industrialization and Industrial Heritage ...................................................................... 10 2.2. Industrilization in Early Republic Period ...................................................................... 12 2.3. Conservation of Industrial Heritage ............................................................................. 14 2.3.1. Historical Background ........................................................................................... 14 2.3.2. Approaches to Conservation of the Industrial Heritage ........................................ 21 2.3.2.1. In Urban Scale ................................................................................................ 21 2.3.2.2 In Complex or Building Scale ........................................................................... 34 2.3.3. Conservation Values of Industrial Heritage .......................................................... 44 3. BRICK AND TILE INDUSTRY IN ESKİŞEHİR................................................................... 51 3.1. City .............................................................................................................................. 51 3.1.1. The General Features ........................................................................................... 52 3.1.2. Urban Characteristics............................................................................................ 53 3.1.3. The Historical Background .................................................................................... 56 3.2. The Brick and Tile Industry ........................................................................................ 66 3.2.1. The Production Process of the Brick and Tile Industry ......................................... 66 3.2.2. General Features .................................................................................................. 68 3.2.3. The Brick and Tile Factories ................................................................................. 73 3.2.4. The Transformation of the Brick and Tile Factories ............................................ 114 3.2.5. The Conservation and Planning Activities .......................................................... 116 3.3. The General Evaluation of the Brick and Tile Factories in Eskişehir ....................... 128 4. THE ASSESSMENT FOR BRICK AND TILE INDUSTRY IN ESKİŞEHİR ...................... 131 viii 5. CONSERVATION PRINCIPLES FOR THE BRICK AND TILE FACTORIES IN ESKİŞEHİR ............................................................................................................................................

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