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Design and Development of a Graphical User Interface for the Monitoring Process of an Automated Guided Vehicle Fleet

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Design and Development of a Graphical User Interface for the Monitoring Process of an Automated Guided Vehicle Fleet DEGREE PROJECT IN COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, SECOND CYCLE, 30 CREDITS STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN 2020 Design and development of a graphical user interface for the monitoring process of an automated guided vehicle fleet JOHANNA PAUL KTH ROYAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING AND COMPUTER SCIENCE ABSTRACT Many different autonomously driving mobile robots are used for industrial transports of materials or goods in the context of internal logistic processes because of different use cases. The problem for the users that need to monitor the robots is that each manufacturer provides its own graphical user interface (GUI) with different operating modes and visual designs, which requires different trainings and constant switching between software. Therefore, this paper shows the design and development process of a graphical user interface in the form of a web application for the monitoring process of a fleet of automated guided vehicles from different manufacturers and answers the following question: "What are the main criteria when designing a graphical user interface with high usability for the monitoring process of manufacturer-independent automated guided vehicle fleets?” To answer the question, existing graphical user interfaces from different manufacturers were analyzed and interviews with developers and end-users of the GUIs were conducted. Requirements were then derived, on whose basis sketching, wireframing and high-fidelity prototyping have been performed. Usability testing and a heuristic evaluation were chosen to improve the application and its usability continually. As a result, the following six main criteria could be derived that summarize the most essential points to consider when designing such a GUI: administrability, adaptiveness, observability, analyzability, robot and job awareness, and intervention. SAMMANFATTNING Många olika autonomt körande mobila robotar används för industriell transport av material eller varor i samband med interna logistiska processer till följd av olika användningsfall. Problemet för de användare som behöver överv aka robotarna är att varje tillverkare tillhandahåller sitt eget grafiska användargränssnitt (GUI) med olika driftsätt och visuella utformningar, vilket kräver olika utbildningar och ständig växling mellan mjukvara. Denna uppsats visar därför design- och utvecklingsprocessen för ett grafiskt användargränssnitt i form av en webbapplikation för övervakningsprocessen för en samling av automatiserade guidade fordon från olika tillverkare, och svarar på följande fråga: "Vilka är de viktigaste kriterierna vid utformningen av ett grafiskt användargränssnitt med hög användbarhet för övervakningsprocessen av automatiserade guidade fordonsamlingar, oboeroande av tillverkare?” För att svara på frågan analyserades befintliga grafiska användargränssnitt från olika tillverkare, samt intervjuer med utvecklare och slutanvändare av GUI:erna utfördes. Krav härleddes sedan, baserat på vilka skisser, wireframing och hifi -prototyper som har utförts. Användbarhetstest och en heuristisk utvärdering valdes för att kontinuerligt förb ättra applikationen och dess användbarhet. Som ett resultat kan följande sex huvudkriterier härledas, de sammanfattar de viktigaste punkterna att tänka på när man utformar ett sådant GUI: förmåga att administrera, anpassningsförmåga, observerbarhet, analyserbarhet, robot- och jobbmedvetenhet och intervention. Design and development of a graphical user interface for the monitoring process of an automated guided vehicle fleet Johanna Paul School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm, Sweden [email protected] ABSTRACT 2025 [2]. Despite the constant developments, most Many different autonomously driving mobile robots installations today are custom-made, application- and are used for industrial transports of materials or goods manufacturer-specific and not standard or mass- in the context of internal logistic processes because of products. Besides, the use of AGVs requires early hall different use cases. The problem for the users that need layout planning, time-consuming commissioning, and to monitor the robots is that each manufacturer navigation solutions are only usable in well-structured provides its own graphical user interface with different and mainly static environments. Since there are many operating modes and visual designs, which requires specific tasks to be performed in a production different trainings and constant switching between environment, different vehicles from different software. Therefore, this paper shows the design and manufacturers are used containing different master development process of a graphical user interface in the control systems that control the individual vehicles. form of a web application for the monitoring process of However, there is no exchange or interaction between a fleet of automated guided vehicles from different the systems, and the AGVs have little autonomy manufacturers and answers the following question: themselves [3]. "What are the main criteria when designing a graphical Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Engineering user interface with high usability for the monitoring and Automation IPA is currently developing software process of manufacturer-independent automated guided solutions called NODE. It is a “Plug & Play” solution for vehicle fleets?” To answer the question, existing the orchestration and autonomous navigation of mobile graphical user interfaces from different manufacturers robot fleets. Robots equipped with NODE can be used were analyzed and interviews with developers and end- for many applications, and vehicles from different users of the GUIs were conducted. Requirements were manufacturers can be integrated. By connecting the then derived, on whose basis sketching, wireframing vehicles with cloud/edge servers and with each other, and high-fidelity prototyping have been performed. the exchange of data is enabled, and through the use of Usability testing and a heuristic evaluation were chosen cooperative navigation and machine learning, this data to improve the application and its usability continually. is used to realize highly autonomous, self-optimizing As a result, the following six main criteria could be fleets (NODE Cooperation). NODE Orchestration derived that summarize the most essential points to extends conventional fleet management systems by consider when designing such a GUI: administrability, uniform the interface of the Manufacturing Execution adaptiveness, observability, analyzability, robot and job System (MES) to accept orders and to distribute them to awareness, and intervention. the fleet. This means that vehicles that are not NODE- Edge capable can also be integrated into the overall AUTHOR KEYWORDS system. Due to a high degree of autonomy, fast Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV); Autonomous Mobile commissioning, and flexible and efficient use in various Robots (AMR); User Experience Design; Interaction Design; Usability; User Interface Design; Graphical User dynamic manufacturing environments is possible without additional infrastructure [3]-[5]. Interface INTRODUCTION Research Problem and Aim Advanced robots, like Automated Guided Vehicles NODE has no graphical user interface (GUI) so far, (AGVs), are, among others, one of the leading but this is essential for the communication between the technological drivers of Industry 4.0, the fourth user and the robots in order to interact with and to industrial revolution [1], and their market volume is monitor them. Such interfaces are already available expected to increase by almost 550% from 2018 to from various AGV manufacturers. After Fraunhofer IPA had examined and compared several, a lack of good user system optimization, potential for improvement is interface design was identified. However, this is of great uncovered and, if necessary, exploited. importance, as it makes a product user-friendly and BACKGROUND easy to understand and thus leads to a higher user This chapter presents definitions and theoretical acceptance [6]. Another factor is that the examined principles of the terms AGV and User Experience with interfaces were only designed for robots of the own its subsets Interaction Design, Usability, and User manufacturer and not for several robots from different Interface Design to create a sound basis for the thesis manufacturers. Therefore, the overall aim is to design [9], [10]. and develop a GUI for the monitoring process in the form of a web application with high usability, which Automated Guided Vehicles makes it possible to manage and interact with a fleet of When Automated Guided Vehicle Systems (AGVSs) manufacturer-independent AGVs primarily in the field were invented in 1953, the demand came mainly from of intralogistics. Thereby, maximum user acceptance, the automotive industry to decrease production costs productivity, and satisfaction should be achieved [7]. through automation [11]. Since then, they have been Usability is a criterion for quality and guarantees that employed in almost all areas of industry and production those goals are effectively, efficiently, and satisfactorily and are used primarily for material flow connections achieved [8]. The GUI should make the overall system [11], [12]. Today, an AGVS is a “fully automated more accessible to AGV manufacturers, system industrial transport system” [13] and they “consist of integrators, and, above all, to end-users who work one or several Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs), a closely together with
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