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Introduction to 3D Printing & Presentation Objectives Applications in Occupational Therapy 1. Discuss hardware and software used in desktop 3D printing technology. 2. Describe the 3D printing process and common materials used in desktop 3D printing. 3. Identify methods of acquiring digital designs for Button Assist by Solstie #899126 application in OT education and practice. J. Robin Janson, MS, OTR, CHT Kristen Laramore, MS, OTR/L Jason Hughes, MS, OTR/L Tyhanna Esham, OTR/L 1 2

What is 3D Printing? J. Robin Janson, MS, OTR, CHT How I Got Started

Makerbot and Robohand 3D printing mechanical hands. 5/7/2013 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WT3772yhr0o Video courtesy of Jacob Ayres, Indiana School for the Blind 3 4

Anatomy & Function of a Plastic Filament Desktop 3D Filament Printer ABS Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene

PLA Polylactic Acid

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Desktop 3D Filament Printer Desktop 3D Filament Printer

Build Platform

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Lack of Adherence to Build Platform Filament Spool

Guide tube

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Desktop 3D Desktop 3D Filament Filament Printer Printer

Extruder Extruder

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Desktop 3D Desktop 3D Filament Filament Printer Printer

Extruder Carriage Gantry

Motors

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The 3D Printing Process…..An Example

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Download Makerbot Desktop (Printer Control Software) file

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Add File Change View

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Change Position Change Rotation

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Scale Print Settings

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Rafts & Supports

5 Shells 2 Shells 2 Shells 0% Infill 15% Infill 50% Infill

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Completed Print

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3D Printing UPPER LIMB BONE Models Applications in OT Education

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Instructional Body Powered Orthosis-Prosthesis Models & with 3D Printed TD handouts

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Kristen Laramore, OTR/L How I got started

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How do I find existing designs? Thingiverse

Thingiverse http://www.thingiverse.com

Shapeways http://www.shapeways.com

3DWarehouse https://3dwarehouse.sketchup.com Explore thousands of designs, download for free, customize, and upload your own designs to share. 37 38

Key word search: “assistive technology”, “disability”, “adaptive” Specific search: “button hook”, “sock aid”

Create a collection.

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SketchUp What if I want to design my own?

• Free basic version • Requires download • Video tutorials Criteria for choosing a program: • 3D Warehouse • User friendly • Push/pull/drag • Matches your skill level interface • Cost • Time needed to learn the program • Access (online vs. download)

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123D Design 3Dtin

• Free basic version • • Requires download Free • Browser-based • Part of Autodesk • Easy to learn 123D suite • Video tutorials • Easy to learn available • Tutorials available

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Tinkercad

• Free • Online • Intuitive • Video tutorials available • Simple drag & drop interface

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• Drag & drop shapes to create objects • Import objects you’ve found or made

• Group shapes together and use hole feature to create negative space

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Where can I print? 3D Printing & OT Practice

• Libraries • Customizable, affordable, client-centered • Universities • Adaptive equipment • 3Dhubs.com • School supports (fidgets, pencil grips, keyguards, etc.) • TechShop • Low vision (tactile representations, object cues) • Shapeways • ADLs (bottle opener, utensil gripper, zipper pull, button • UPS Store hook, nosey cup, knife guard, shoe fasteners) • MakeXYZ • Adaptive recreation • • Replacement parts • Prosthetics • Splinting

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Custom Wrist Cock-up Orthotics Developed with Low Cost Scanning and Customization in Orthotics

Jason Hughes M.S. OTR/L Amanda Behr M.A. CMI, CCA, FAMI

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3-D Scanning Process Low Cost Scanning Options

Photogrammetry • Measurement from photographs or video. •Autodesk® 123D® Catch • Recognizes points in 3D space from photos •Occipital Skanect and position of camera. • Renders 3D Images from photos or video.

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Autodesk®123D®Catch Video of 123D Catch Model

• Free Software • Photogrammetry • Use IPhone, IPad, or any Camera • Renders 3-D objects from series of images taken from camera or video. • High resolution with larger megapixel cameras • In our sample, the model was not 1:1, therefore, scaling required

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Occipital Skanect Process of Splint Creation

• Capture Data (Skanect) • Free Software with capabilities to export up to 5000 • Crop Data (Skanect) polygons/faces • Export Data (Skanect) • Pro version allows export of unlimited face ($129) • Manipulate in 3D software (Cinema 4D) • • Resurface Photogrammetry with video • Extrude • In our sample, no scaling required • Prepare for printing (NetFabb) • • Measure Resolution Low • Repair mesh • Send to Printer • Supports and rafts

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Video of Skanect Capturing Data Process Data

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Crop Data and Export Manipulate in 3D : Cinema 4D Resurface

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Prepare for Printing: NetFabb Scanning Experiences: 123d Catch

123D Catch • 1 point lighting • Light box or studio setup • Rotate around object • Finger detail not captured • No more than 70 images with camera (less with mobile devices) • No less than 8 images (20-40 recommended) • How to Use 123dCatch • http://www.123dapp.com/howto/catch

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Ty Esham, OTR/L Scanning Experiences: Skanect Founder of Robohand USA Skanect • Lighting not determinant • Rotate around object without overlap • Finger detail not captured • Checkerboard pattern and non-shiny objects • No closer than 40 cm • Scan types: Object, Room, Body • Kinect Sensor ($100)

http://robohandus.com/ 69 70

Robohand Original Design 3D Printing Advantage

Custom made thermoplastic, hand cap and wrist gauntlet • Inexpensive to: coupled with 3D printed mechanical fingers. • produce • update • repair • Lightweight

• Useful for: • limited $ • children • war zones • dirty/wet tasks • sports 71 72

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OT Contributions Patent • FDA approved thermoplastic Covers- Inventions • Monitoring / orthotic training Use-Excludes others from: •Making • Knowledge of medical concerns •Using • • Decrease risk of injury Selling •Importing

Registered via US Patent Office

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Technology = New Thinking Open-Source License

• Globalization- Goods and services, investment and • Covers computer software and other products that ideas = increased interaction of people, companies allows the source code, blueprint or design to be: and governments from different nations • Used by others under defined terms/conditions • Crowd sourcing- process of getting work or funding to: from a crowd of people (ex Wikipedia, eBay, • Review Kickstarter) • Modify • Digitization- Converting data (like physical • Customize measurements) to digital form for computer use • Troubleshoot • Open-source– designs, blueprints and software • For fun sharing, usually free • Mostly free

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Commonly Used Open Resources 3D Open Source Example

• Wikipedia- free encyclopedia Makerbot -3D printer manufacturer’s open-source • Flickr- photo sharing community is: • SoundCloud- music sharing • “Thingiverse” website where makers/inventors and • Vimeo- video sharing users can share digital designs for physical objects. • Library of Science- online medical publications • Thingiverse shares these designs using the free legal • YouTube-video sharing help of global nonprofit “Creative Commons”

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Creative Commons Creative Common License Designations

• (BY) requires all users provide attribution to the creator • (NC) NonCommercial -can not be sold • (ND) NoDerivatives – prohibits sharing of adaptations • (SA) ShareAlike- requires adaptations be released under the same license

Groovy Video https://creativecommons.org/videos/a-shared-culture 79 80

Clinical Considerations Summary

• Test print for safety and intended use Questions? • Check with clinic administration regarding manufacturing liability • Ensure you are not violating any copyrights or patents

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14 3D Printing & Applications in Occupational Therapy References

3Dtin by Lagoa (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.3dtin.com/. AutoDesk 123Catch. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.123dapp.com/catch. Autodesk 123D. (n.d.). Retrieved February 29, 2016, from http://www.123dapp.com/design. Bell, C. (2014). Maintaining and Troubleshooting Your 3D Printer. New York: Apress. Creative Commons. About. Retrieved March 30, 2016 from https://creativecommons.org/about. Database Center for Life Sciences. Anatomography Body Parts 3D. http://dbcls.rois.ac.jp/en/services GiovaGio. (2015, March 6). Plastic cap wrench (giova remix) rounded. Retrieved March 7, 2015, from http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:711671. HandOT. (2016, February 18). Upper limb bones left. Retrieved February 19, 2016, from http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:1352085. Horvath, J. (2014). Mastering 3D Printing. New York: Apress. In3Designs. (October 30, 2015).UBO – The Universal Bottle Opener. Retrieved February 29, 2016, from http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:1097099. Janson, J. R. (2015, December). 3D Printing: Shaping the Future of OT Practice. Technology Special Interest Section Quarterly. Bethesda, MD, American Occupational Therapy Association. Krotoski, J. B. (2005). Cast, Splint, and Design Prostheses for Patients with Total or Partial Hand Amputations. In E. E. Fess, K. S. Gettle, C. A. Philips, J. R. Janson (Eds.), Hand and upper extremity splinting: principles & methods (3rd ed., ) (pp. 607- 614). St. Louis, Mo.: Mosby. MakerBot. (2013, May 8). Makerbot and Robohand 3D printing mechanical hands. Retrieved May 7, 2013 from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WT3772yhr0o. MakerBot. (2010, April 6). Trautman Hook. Retrieved March 29, 2014, from http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:2114. MakerBot. (2010, April 6). MakerBotDesktop 3.9.0. Retrieved February 23, 2016, from http://www.makerbot.com/desktop. MakerBotThingiverse. (n.d.). Retrieved February 29, 2016, from http://www.thingiverse.com. MakerBotThingiverse. (n.d.). About OTin3D. Retrieved February 29, 2016, from http://www.thingiverse.com/OTin3D/designs. Maxon Computer. (n.d.). Cinema 4D. Retrieved from http://www.maxon.net/products/cinema-4d-studio. Mpapp. (2016, February 4). Ball Stylus rev 4. Retrieved February 29, 2016, from http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:1319883. Mpapp. (2016, February 3). Touchscreen typing cuff stylus rev 2. Retrieved February 29, 2016, from http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:1315004. Occipital. (2016). Skanect. Retrieved from http://skanect.occipital.com. Robohand. (2014, April 21). Robohand. Retrieved April 28, 2014, from http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:305160. Shapeways. (n.d.). Retrieved February 29, 2016, from http://www.shapeways.com. Shapeways. 3D Modeling for 3D Printing Tutorial for Beginners. Retrieved February 29, 2016, from http://www.shapeways.com/tutorials/easy-3d-modeling-for-3d-printing-tutorial-for-beginners. Siderits. (2012, January 15). Human Hand Bones-Thumb. . Retrieved March 28, 2014, from http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:15342. Sketchup. (n.d.). Retrieved February 29, 2016, from http://www.sketchup.com. Sketchup. (n.d.). 3D Warehouse. Retrieved February 29, 2016, from https://3dwarehouse.sketchup.com Tinkercad. (n.d.). Retrieved February 29, 2016, from https://www.tinkercad.com.