Executive Agreements (1)” of the Philip Buchen Files at the Gerald R
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Majority and Minority Leaders”, Available At
Majority and Minority Party Membership Other Resources Adapted from: “Majority and Minority Leaders”, www.senate.gov Available at: http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/briefing/Majority_Minority_Leaders.htm Majority and Minority Leaders Chapter 1: Introduction Chapter 2: Majority and Minority Leaders Chapter 3: Majority and Minority Whips (Assistant Floor Leaders) Chapter 4: Complete List of Majority and Minority Leaders Chapter 5: Longest-Serving Party Leaders Introduction The positions of party floor leader are not included in the Constitution but developed gradually in the 20th century. The first floor leaders were formally designated in 1920 (Democrats) and 1925 (Republicans). The Senate Republican and Democratic floor leaders are elected by the members of their party in the Senate at the beginning of each Congress. Depending on which party is in power, one serves as majority leader and the other as minority leader. The leaders serve as spokespersons for their parties' positions on issues. The majority leader schedules the daily legislative program and fashions the unanimous consent agreements that govern the time for debate. The majority leader has the right to be called upon first if several senators are seeking recognition by the presiding officer, which enables him to offer motions or amendments before any other senator. Majority and Minority Leaders Elected at the beginning of each Congress by members of their respective party conferences to represent them on the Senate floor, the majority and minority leaders serve as spokesmen for their parties' positions on the issues. The majority leader has also come to speak for the Senate as an institution. Working with the committee chairs and ranking members, the majority leader schedules business on the floor by calling bills from the calendar and keeps members of his party advised about the daily legislative program. -
Fallacies in the Case for the Bricker Amendment Brunson Macchesney
Notre Dame Law Review Volume 29 | Issue 4 Article 3 8-1-1954 Fallacies in the Case for the Bricker Amendment Brunson MacChesney Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.law.nd.edu/ndlr Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Brunson MacChesney, Fallacies in the Case for the Bricker Amendment, 29 Notre Dame L. Rev. 551 (1954). Available at: http://scholarship.law.nd.edu/ndlr/vol29/iss4/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by NDLScholarship. It has been accepted for inclusion in Notre Dame Law Review by an authorized administrator of NDLScholarship. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE BRICKER AMENDMENT THE FALLACIES IN THE CASE FOR THE BRICKER AMENDMENT Introduction The existing constitutional arrangements for the making and enforcing of treaties and the present constitutional powers of the President to make executive and other agree- ments with foreign countries have recently been under severe attack. Since these arrangements and powers have on the whole served us remarkably well under changing circum- stances for more than a century and a half, it is proposed to examine the development of this campaign and to analyze the arguments that have been used to support it. The principal goal of this forensic effort has been the adop- tion of the Bricker amendment as reported out by the Senate Judiciary Committee on June 4, 1953. The amendment did not of course emerge suddenly out of a vacuum. Advocacy of such a proposal was initiated chiefly by groups in the Ameri- can Bar Association,2 and by Senator Bricker and other Sen- ators associated with him. -
Bricker-Dirksen Amendment Kenneth C
Hastings Law Journal Volume 8 | Issue 1 Article 1 1-1956 Bricker-Dirksen Amendment Kenneth C. Sears Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.uchastings.edu/hastings_law_journal Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Kenneth C. Sears, Bricker-Dirksen Amendment, 8 Hastings L.J. 1 (1956). Available at: https://repository.uchastings.edu/hastings_law_journal/vol8/iss1/1 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Journals at UC Hastings Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Hastings Law Journal by an authorized editor of UC Hastings Scholarship Repository. BRICKER-DIRKSEN AMENDMENT By KENNETH C. SEARSt The Senate Committee on the Judiciary has recommended the adoption of a resolution to amend the Constitution of the United States. It concerns treaties and other international agreements; but it differs from other ver- sions of what is called the Bricker Amendment. Senator Dirksen of Illinois appears to have been the person who secured an agreement of a majority of the committee in submitting the present text as follows: "Section 1. A provision of a treaty or other international agreement which conflicts with any provision of this Constitution shall not be of any force or effect."' While there are two additional sections, as noted, Section 1 is the only section that is worthy of any appreciable debate. Before it is made a part of the Constitution of the United States there should be an announcement, as clear as it is humanly possible to state it, of the purposes that its advo- cates seek to accomplish. Since there have been decisions of the United States Supreme Court as to the validity of treaties and of legislation to enforce them, the .voters should be informed which of these decisions will be rendered ineffective as precedents upon the adoption of section 1, supra. -
Abstract the Movement for the Bricker Amendment: Its
ABSTRACT THE MOVEMENT FOR THE BRICKER AMENDMENT: ITS ORIGINS, GROWTH, AND FAILURE The purpose of the movement for the Bricker amendment was to amend the Constitution relative to the making of trea ties and executive agreements. This paper interprets the movement as part of a conservative reaction to the growth of internationalism and presidential power during and after World War II. Although this paper is concerned primarily with the politics of the movement, the legal aspects are described to the extent necessary to make the politics in volved comprehensible. The movement originated as a response to the fear that rights guaranteed in the Constitution could be forfeited by the government through the use of treaties and/or executive agreements. The Supreme Court allowed Congress to legislate in a formerly unconstitutional area in order to implement a treaty in the case of Missouri vs. Holland (1920). In the early 1950s, there were several UN proposals before the Sen ate concerning human rights. If they were adopted as trea ties, it appeared that Congress could legislate on these rights in any way desired. Implementing legislation might ii be acceptable to the Supreme Court, constitutional limitations notwithstanding. The importance of the American Bar Association (ABA) as a leading force in developing the movement into one of national significance is emphasized. The ABA's support of the movement added credence to the idea that the Constitution needed to be amended to safeguard the rights of American citizens. Despite the fact that Republican Senator John W. Bricker of Ohio introduced one of his proposals with more than two-thirds of the Senate as co-sponsors, it met with defeat in 1954. -
Fair Employment, Voting Rights, and Racial Violence (Including Introduction) Timothy N
Virginia Commonwealth University VCU Scholars Compass History Publications Dept. of History 2013 Fair Employment, Voting Rights, and Racial Violence (including Introduction) Timothy N. Thurber Virginia Commonwealth University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/hist_pubs Part of the United States History Commons Copyright © 2013 by the University Press of Kansas Recommended Citation Thurber, Timothy N. "Fair Employment, Voting Rights, and Racial Violence (including Introduction)" In Republicans and race: the GOP's frayed relationship with African Americans, 1945-1974. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2013, Available from VCU Scholars Compass, http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/hist_pubs/8. This Book Chapter is brought to you for free and open access by the Dept. of History at VCU Scholars Compass. It has been accepted for inclusion in History Publications by an authorized administrator of VCU Scholars Compass. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Republicans and Race The GOP's Frayed Relationship with African Americans, 1945-1974 Timothy N. Thurber o UNIVERSITY PRESS OF KANSAS VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIVERSITY JK- ~35G .-\ ~B © 2013 by the University Press of Kansas ~O{3 All rights reserved Published by the University Press of Kansas (Lawrence, Kansas 66045), which was organized by the Kansas Board of Regents and is operated and funded by Emporia State University, Fort Hays State University, Kansas State University, Pittsburg State University, the University of Kansas, and Wichita State University. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Thurber, Timothy Nels. Republicans and race: the GOP's frayed relationship with African Americans, 1945-1974/ Timothy N . Thurber. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. -
A History of the US Senate Republican Policy
03 39-400 Chro 7/8/97 2:34 PM Page ix Chronology TH CONGRESS 79 (1945–1947) Senate Republicans: 38; Democrats: 57 Republican Minority Leader: Wallace H. White, Jr. Republican Policy Committee Chairman: Robert Taft Legislative Reorganization Act proposes creating Policy Committees; House objects Senate Policy Committees established in Legislative Appropriations Act Republicans win majorities in both the Senate and House, 1946 Senate Policy Committee holds first meeting (December 31, 1946) TH CONGRESS Sen.White (R–ME). 80 (1947–1949) Senate Republicans: 51 (gain of 13); Democrats: 45 Republican Majority Leader: Kenneth S. Wherry Republican Policy Committee Chairman: Robert Taft Republican Policy Committee begins keeping a “Record Vote Analysis” of Senate votes Harry Truman reelected President, 1948 ST CONGRESS 81 (1949–1951) Senate Republicans: 42 (loss of 9, loss of majority); Democrats: 54 Republican Minority Leader: Kenneth S. Wherry Republican Policy Committee Chairman: Robert Taft Sen.Vandenberg (R–MI), President Truman, Sen. Connally (D–TX), and Secretary of State Byrnes. Sen.Taft (R–OH). Sen.Wherry (R–NE). ix 03 39-400 Chro 7/8/97 2:34 PM Page x ND CONGRESS 82 (1951–1953) Senate Republicans: 47 (gain of 5); Democrats: 49 Republican Minority Leader: Kenneth S. Wherry Republican Policy Committee Chairman: Robert Taft Kenneth Wherry dies (November 29, 1951); Styles Bridges elected Minority Leader Robert Taft loses the Republican presidential nomination to General Dwight Eisenhower Dwight Eisenhower elected President, Republicans win majorities in Senate and House, 1952 RD CONGRESS 83 (1953–1955) Senate Republicans: 48 (gain of 1); Democrats: 47; Independent: 1 Republican Majority Leader: Robert Taft Republican Policy Committee Chairman: William Knowland Robert Taft dies (July 31, 1953); William Knowland elected Majority Leader Homer Ferguson elected chairman of the Policy Committee TH CONGRESS 84 Sen. -
Laws As Treaties?: the Constitutionality of Congressional-Executive Agreements, 99 MICH
Michigan Law Review Volume 99 Issue 4 2001 Laws as Treaties?: The Constitutionality of Congressional- Executive Agreements John C. Yoo University of California at Berkeley School of Law (Boalt Hall) Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.law.umich.edu/mlr Part of the Constitutional Law Commons, International Law Commons, Legal History Commons, President/Executive Department Commons, and the Supreme Court of the United States Commons Recommended Citation John C. Yoo, Laws as Treaties?: The Constitutionality of Congressional-Executive Agreements, 99 MICH. L. REV. 757 (2001). Available at: https://repository.law.umich.edu/mlr/vol99/iss4/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Michigan Law Review at University of Michigan Law School Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Michigan Law Review by an authorized editor of University of Michigan Law School Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. LAWS AS TREATIES?: THE CONSTITUTIONALITY OF CONGRESSIONAL-EXECUTIVE AGREEMENTS John C. Yoo* TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................... 758 I. CONGRESSIONAL-EXECUTIVE AGREEMENTS AND THE INTERNATIONALIST VISION .......................... ....................................... 764 A. The Current Importance of Congressional-Executive Agreements ................................................................ ....................... 764 1. The Explosion of Congressional-Executive -
The Vice Presidency of Richard M Nixon: One Man's Quest for National Respect, an International Reputation, and the Presidency
W&M ScholarWorks Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 1998 The vice presidency of Richard M Nixon: One man's quest for national respect, an international reputation, and the presidency Benjamin Joel Goldberg College of William & Mary - Arts & Sciences Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd Part of the Political Science Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Goldberg, Benjamin Joel, "The vice presidency of Richard M Nixon: One man's quest for national respect, an international reputation, and the presidency" (1998). Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects. Paper 1539623928. https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.21220/s2-jv24-vd41 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely afreet reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. -
Finding Ground Glass in School Peanut Butter
Processed by: TB PAARLBERG Date: 7/15/85 PAARLBERG, DON (OH-52) 164 pages PRCQ (M) Department of Agriculture official, 1953-58; Economic Advisor to the President, 1958- 61. DESCRIPTION: Interview #1 [part 1; pp. 1-81] Personal background. First meeting with Ezra Taft Benson. Pressures on Agriculture Department personnel. Agricultural issues: price supports, Congressional relations, Food for Peace program, rural development program, finding ground glass in school peanut butter. Transfer to White House staff, October 1958. Extensive comments on President Eisenhower: personality, character, political philosophy, delegation of responsibility, use of Secretary Benson as lightning rod to attract criticism. Lengthy accounts of Cabinet meetings: July 1, 1960 re Food for Peace program and DDE’s preoccupation with Federal Wage bill; Novembe 27, 1959 re DDE’s concern over balanced budget; January 13, 1961 re transition to Kennedy administration; staff meetings of July 6, 1960 re Cuban sugar quota. U.S. policy toward Cuba and Dominican Republic. Inertia of government bureaucracy. Civilian and military managerial style. DDE’s management of White House staff. Joseph McCarthy. Sherman Adams and Wilton Persons. Congressional interest in agriculture: House and Senate committees; William Knowland; Everett Dirksen. Relations between State and Agriculture Departments. Interview #1 [part 2; pp. 82-164] Relations between State and Agriculture Departments. Agricultural revolution: change from family farms to big business; Congressional awareness of the change; decline of agriculture as a political force. Farm organizations: National Farmer’s Union, American Farm Bureau Federation, National Grange. DDE’s meetings with farm organization leaders: Herschel Newson of the Grange. Food for Peace program and P.L. -
The Master of the Senate and the Presidential Hidden Hand: Eisenhower, Johnson, and Power Dynamics in the 1950S by Samuel J
Volume 10 Article 6 2011 The aM ster of the Senate and the Presidential Hidden Hand: Eisenhower, Johnson, and Power Dynamics in the 1950s Samuel J. Cooper-Wall Gettysburg College Class of 2012 Follow this and additional works at: https://cupola.gettysburg.edu/ghj Part of the Political History Commons, and the United States History Commons Share feedback about the accessibility of this item. Cooper-Wall, Samuel J. (2011) "The asM ter of the Senate and the Presidential Hidden Hand: Eisenhower, Johnson, and Power Dynamics in the 1950s," The Gettysburg Historical Journal: Vol. 10 , Article 6. Available at: https://cupola.gettysburg.edu/ghj/vol10/iss1/6 This open access article is brought to you by The uC pola: Scholarship at Gettysburg College. It has been accepted for inclusion by an authorized administrator of The uC pola. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The aM ster of the Senate and the Presidential Hidden Hand: Eisenhower, Johnson, and Power Dynamics in the 1950s Abstract In March of 2010, renowned architect Frank Gehry unveiled his design for a memorial to Dwight D. Eisenhower in Washington, D.C. Centered around an elaborate layout of stone blocks running along a city- block of Maryland Avenue is the featured aspect of Gehry‘s design: a narrative tapestry of scenes from Eisenhower‘s life. Over seven stories tall, the tapestry will impede the view of the building located directly behind it. That building is the Department of Education, named for Lyndon Johnson.1 Decades after two of the greatest political titans of the twentieth century had passed away, their legacies were still in competition. -
Photo Report
Richard Nixon Presidential Library: Photo Report ● 1895-1. Richard Nixon's Mother, Hannah Milhous Nixon. Jennings Co., Indiana. B&W. Source: copied into White House Photo Office. Alternate Numer: B-0141 Hannah Milhous Nixon ● 18xx-1. Richard Nixon's paternal grandfather, Samuel Brady Nixon. B&W. Samuel Brady Nixon ● 1916-1. Family portrait with Richard Nixon (age 3). 1916. California. B&W. Harold Nixon, Frank Nixon, Donald Nixon, Hannah Nixon, Richard Nixon ● 1917-1. Portrait of Richard Nixon (age 4). 1917. California. B&W. Richard Nixon, Portrait ● 1930-1. Richard Nixon senior portrait (age 17), as appeared in the Whittier High School annual. 1930. Whittier, California. B&W. Richard Nixon, Yearbook, Portrait, Senior, High School, Whittier High School ● 1945-1. Formal portrait of Richard Nixon in uniform (Lieutenant Commander, USN). Between October, 1945 (date of rank) and March, 1946 (date of discharge). B&W. Richard Nixon, Portrait, Navy, USN, Uniform ● 1946-1. Richard Nixon, candidate for Congress, discusses the election with the Republican candidates for Attorney General Fred Howser and for California State Assemblyman Montivel A. Burke at a GOP rally in honor of Senator Knowland (R-Ca). 1946. El Monte, California. B&W. Source: Photo by Dot and Larry, 2548 Ivar Avenue, Garvey, California, Phone Atlantic 15610 Richard Nixon, Fred Howser, Montivel Burke, Campaign, Knowland ● 1946-2. Congressman Carl Hinshaw and Richard Nixon shake hands during a campaign. 1946. B&W. Carl Hinshaw, Richard Nixon, Campaign, Handshake ● 1946-3. Senator William F. Knowland (R-CA) being greeted by Claude Larrimer (seated) of Whittier at a GOP rally (barbeque/entertainment) in honor of the former. -
The Unintended Consequences of Congressional Reform: the Clark and Tunney Amendments and U.S
diph_3 1/8/03 3:50 PM Page 215 robert david johnson The Unintended Consequences of Congressional Reform: The Clark and Tunney Amendments and U.S. Policy toward Angola On 20 December 1975, the U.S. Senate passed an amendment to the Depart- ment of Defense appropriations bill introduced by John Tunney (D-CA) ter- minating covert assistance to anti-Communist forces in Angola. Later that 1 winter, an amendment to the foreign aid bill, sponsored by Dick Clark (D-IA), extended the ban. The two amendments represented the high point of a congressional revolt against the anti-Communist ethos of the Cold War and executive authority in foreign policy. Although the two amendments are usually paired together, they expanded Congress’s foreign-policy presence in quite different ways.1 On the one hand, the Clark amendment relied on a traditional gambit—a rider to the foreign aid bill—to unequivocally establish the principle that Congress possessed the right to oversee covert intelligence operations. The Tunney amendment, on the other hand, used the appropriations power in a different way, in a policy rider to the Pentagon budget, to suggest that defense spending matters were fair game for congressional attempts to legislate foreign policy. Both tactics were so contro- versial that, before the debate over Angolan policy, no clear-cut congressional implementation of either approach had occurred during the Cold War. Once enacted, though, the amendments produced a host of unintended con- sequences. Their passage helped further erode the Cold War institutional struc- ture of Congress, in which that body had sacrificed potent foreign-policy tools in deference to executive authority.