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Assessment of the Impact of Ammonia Emissions from Intensive Agriculture Installations on Special Areas of Conservation and Special Protection Areas Authors: David B

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Assessment of the Impact of Ammonia Emissions from Intensive Agriculture Installations on Special Areas of Conservation and Special Protection Areas Authors: David B Report No.347 Assessment of the Impact of Ammonia Emissions from Intensive Agriculture Installations on Special Areas of Conservation and Special Protection Areas Authors: David B. Kelleghan, Enda T. Hayes, Mark Everard and Thomas P. Curran www.epa.ie ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY Monitoring, Analysing and Reporting on the The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is responsible for Environment protecting and improving the environment as a valuable asset • Monitoring air quality and implementing the EU Clean Air for for the people of Ireland. We are committed to protecting people Europe (CAFÉ) Directive. and the environment from the harmful effects of radiation and • Independent reporting to inform decision making by national pollution. and local government (e.g. periodic reporting on the State of Ireland’s Environment and Indicator Reports). The work of the EPA can be divided into three main areas: Regulating Ireland’s Greenhouse Gas Emissions • Preparing Ireland’s greenhouse gas inventories and projections. Regulation: We implement effective regulation and environmental • Implementing the Emissions Trading Directive, for over 100 of compliance systems to deliver good environmental outcomes and the largest producers of carbon dioxide in Ireland. target those who don’t comply. Knowledge: We provide high quality, targeted and timely Environmental Research and Development environmental data, information and assessment to inform • Funding environmental research to identify pressures, inform decision making at all levels. policy and provide solutions in the areas of climate, water and sustainability. Advocacy: We work with others to advocate for a clean, productive and well protected environment and for sustainable Strategic Environmental Assessment environmental behaviour. • Assessing the impact of proposed plans and programmes on the Irish environment (e.g. major development plans). Our Responsibilities Radiological Protection Licensing • Monitoring radiation levels, assessing exposure of people in We regulate the following activities so that they do not endanger Ireland to ionising radiation. human health or harm the environment: • Assisting in developing national plans for emergencies arising • waste facilities (e.g. landfills, incinerators, waste transfer from nuclear accidents. stations); • Monitoring developments abroad relating to nuclear • large scale industrial activities (e.g. pharmaceutical, cement installations and radiological safety. manufacturing, power plants); • Providing, or overseeing the provision of, specialist radiation • intensive agriculture (e.g. pigs, poultry); protection services. • the contained use and controlled release of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs); Guidance, Accessible Information and Education • sources of ionising radiation (e.g. x-ray and radiotherapy • Providing advice and guidance to industry and the public on equipment, industrial sources); environmental and radiological protection topics. • large petrol storage facilities; • Providing timely and easily accessible environmental • waste water discharges; information to encourage public participation in environmental • dumping at sea activities. decision-making (e.g. My Local Environment, Radon Maps). • Advising Government on matters relating to radiological safety National Environmental Enforcement and emergency response. • Conducting an annual programme of audits and inspections of • Developing a National Hazardous Waste Management Plan to EPA licensed facilities. prevent and manage hazardous waste. • Overseeing local authorities’ environmental protection responsibilities. Awareness Raising and Behavioural Change • Supervising the supply of drinking water by public water • Generating greater environmental awareness and influencing suppliers. positive behavioural change by supporting businesses, • Working with local authorities and other agencies to tackle communities and householders to become more resource environmental crime by co-ordinating a national enforcement efficient. network, targeting offenders and overseeing remediation. • Promoting radon testing in homes and workplaces and • Enforcing Regulations such as Waste Electrical and Electronic encouraging remediation where necessary. Equipment (WEEE), Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) and substances that deplete the ozone layer. Management and structure of the EPA • Prosecuting those who flout environmental law and damage the The EPA is managed by a full time Board, consisting of a Director environment. General and five Directors. The work is carried out across five Offices: Water Management • Office of Environmental Sustainability • Monitoring and reporting on the quality of rivers, lakes, • Office of Environmental Enforcement transitional and coastal waters of Ireland and groundwaters; • Office of Evidence and Assessment measuring water levels and river flows. • Office of Radiation Protection and Environmental Monitoring • National coordination and oversight of the Water Framework • Office of Communications and Corporate Services Directive. The EPA is assisted by an Advisory Committee of twelve members • Monitoring and reporting on Bathing Water Quality. who meet regularly to discuss issues of concern and provide advice to the Board. EPA RESEARCH PROGRAMME 2014–2020 Assessment of the Impact of Ammonia Emissions from Intensive Agriculture Installations on Special Areas of Conservation and Special Protection Areas (2013-EH-MS-14) EPA Research Report Prepared for the Environmental Protection Agency by University College Dublin and the University of the West of England Authors: David B. Kelleghan, Enda T. Hayes, Mark Everard and Thomas P. Curran ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY An Ghníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil PO Box 3000, Johnstown Castle, Co. Wexford, Ireland Telephone: +353 53 916 0600 Fax: +353 53 916 0699 Email: [email protected] Website: www.epa.ie © Environmental Protection Agency 2020 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This report is published as part of the EPA Research Programme 2014–2020. The EPA Research Programme is a Government of Ireland initiative funded by the Department of the Environment, Climate and Communications. It is administered by the Environmental Protection Agency, which has the statutory function of co-ordinating and promoting environmental research. This research was undertaken as part of the AmmoniaN2K Project funded by the Irish Environmental Protection Agency through their STRIVE Programme. The authors would like to acknowledge the support of the AmmoniaN2K project steering committee, namely John McEntagart, Pat Byrne, Mary Sheehan, Brian Donlon and Niamh O’Donoghue (Environmental Protection Agency), Karen Roche (Project manager on behalf of EPA Research); David Dodd (Climate Action Regional Office); Marc Kierans (Department of the Environment, Climate and Communications); Andy Bleasdale and Barry O’Donoghue (The Department of Culture, Heritage and the Gaeltacht); Clare Whitfield and Sue Zappala (Joint Nature Conservation Committee);Julian Aherne (Trent University) and Thomas Cummins (University College Dublin). We particularly wish to thank all National Parks and Wildlife Service staff who operated our ammonia monitoring network on Natura 2000 sites, namely Andrea Webb, Cyril Saich, David McDonagh, Dominic Berridge, Jack McGauley, Jimi Conroy, Miriam Crowley, Sean Breen, Sue Moles and Tríona Finnen. In addition, we wish to thank Kevin Dolan for operating our ammonia monitoring station in Northern Ireland. The UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology provided valuable training, advice and data to the project. We wish to thank them for contributing to this research, in particular Sim Tang, Uli Dragosits, Tony Dore and Mark Sutton. We would also like to acknowledge Pauline Campbell of the Centre for Environmental Data and Recording for the provision of data. The team is also grateful to the Central Statistics Office for providing data for this project. A number of taught Masters students and interns have helped in a number of ways, including Padraig Keating, Damien Lambert, Lilliana Osorio Arce, Michelle Savian, Hugh McMahon, Aneesh Kale, Charles De Wulf, Adelaida Chicampo and Paula Núñez Tafalla. The authors also wish to thank the University College Dublin School of Biosystems and Food Engineering laboratory technician Anna Lesniak-Podsiadlo, who assisted with laboratory analysis. The AmmoniaN2K team owe a deep gratitude to the pig and poultry producers who facilitated the monitoring of their farms as part of this research; this project would not have been possible without their cooperation. DISCLAIMER Although every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the material contained in this publication, complete accuracy cannot be guaranteed. The Environmental Protection Agency, the authors and the steering committee members do not accept any responsibility whatsoever for loss or damage occasioned, or claimed to have been occasioned, in part or in full, as a consequence of any person acting, or refraining from acting, as a result of a matter contained in this publication. All or part of this publication may be reproduced without further permission, provided the source is acknowledged. This report is based on research carried out/data from 2014 to 2018. More recent data may have become available since the research was completed. The EPA Research Programme addresses the need for research in Ireland to inform policymakers and other stakeholders on a range of questions in relation to environmental protection. These reports are intended as contributions
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