Techniques to Help Students Improve Emotional Self-Regulation and Learning
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Your Sadness, My Sorrow: Negative Emotion Concordance Within Married Couples in China 1. Introduction
Your Sadness, My Sorrow: Negative Emotion Concordance within Married Couples in China Wanru Xiong Office of Population Research Princeton University Abstract: This paper finds significant evidence for negative emotion concordance within married couples age 45 and above in China using CHARLS data. To understand the mechanism of such concordance and test the hypothesis of emotional contagion effect, I applied instrument variable method, structure equation model and fixed effect model in this dyadic relation context. The results confirm the effect of spouse’s negative emotion on the respondent’s and support the emotional contagion effect hypothesis. In general, wives tend to be more sensitive to the emotional condition of their husband. Keywords: dyadic relation; negative emotion; concordance; emotional contagion effect 1. Introduction “I will laugh with you and cry with you ... in sickness and in health, till death do us apart.” Couples mean it when they take their wedding vows. There is evidence of health concordance within married couples, which means couples’ health conditions, both physical and mental, tend to converge after marriage (Meyler, Stimpson and Peek, 2007). This phenomenon of health concordance within couples is drawing increasing research interests. Published findings of physical health concordance within couples include concordance in blood pressure (Beresford, 1976; Speers et al., 1986; Peek and Markides, 2003; Stimpson and Peek, 2005), chronic conditions (Cheraskin et al., 1968; Bookwala and Schulz, 1996; Ubeda, 1998; Stimpson and Peek, 2005) and obesity (Inoue et al., 1996; Knuiman et al., 1996). Among the growing number of papers on health concordance within couples, studies on depressive symptoms and distress are the most prevalent (Meyler, Stimpson and Peek, 2007). -
Introduction to Psychological Disorders Defining Disorder Psychological Disorder
Introduction to Psychological Disorders Defining Disorder Psychological Disorder • A “harmful dysfunction” in which behaviors are maladaptive, unjustifiable, disturbing, and atypical Maladaptive • An exaggeration of normal, acceptable behaviors • Destructive to oneself or others Unjustifiable • A behavior which does not have a rational basis Disturbing • A behavior which is troublesome to other people Atypical • A behavior so different from other people’s behavior that it violates a norm • Norms vary from culture to culture MUDA • A mnemonic device used to remember the four attributes of a psychological disorder –Maladaptive –Unjustifiable –Disturbing –Atypical Understanding Disorders Early Views of Mental Illness • In ancient times, mental illness was usually explained through a supernatural model; the person was possessed or a sinner • During the Middle Ages treatment methods were inhumane and cruel Philippe Pinel (1745-1826) • French physician who worked to reform the treatment of people with mental disorders • Encouraged more humane treatment Understanding Disorders: The Medical Model The Medical Model • Concept that mental illnesses have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and in most cases, cured. • Psychological disorders can be diagnosed based on their symptoms and treated or cured through therapy. • Psychological disorders are similar to a physical illness. Understanding Disorders: The Bio-Psycho-Social Model Bio-Psycho-Social Model • Contemporary perspective that assumes biological, psychological, and sociocultural -
The Pandemic Exposes Human Nature: 10 Evolutionary Insights PERSPECTIVE Benjamin M
PERSPECTIVE The pandemic exposes human nature: 10 evolutionary insights PERSPECTIVE Benjamin M. Seitza,1, Athena Aktipisb, David M. Bussc, Joe Alcockd, Paul Bloome, Michele Gelfandf, Sam Harrisg, Debra Liebermanh, Barbara N. Horowitzi,j, Steven Pinkerk, David Sloan Wilsonl, and Martie G. Haseltona,1 Edited by Michael S. Gazzaniga, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, and approved September 16, 2020 (received for review June 9, 2020) Humans and viruses have been coevolving for millennia. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19) has been particularly successful in evading our evolved defenses. The outcome has been tragic—across the globe, millions have been sickened and hundreds of thousands have died. Moreover, the quarantine has radically changed the structure of our lives, with devastating social and economic consequences that are likely to unfold for years. An evolutionary per- spective can help us understand the progression and consequences of the pandemic. Here, a diverse group of scientists, with expertise from evolutionary medicine to cultural evolution, provide insights about the pandemic and its aftermath. At the most granular level, we consider how viruses might affect social behavior, and how quarantine, ironically, could make us susceptible to other maladies, due to a lack of microbial exposure. At the psychological level, we describe the ways in which the pandemic can affect mating behavior, cooperation (or the lack thereof), and gender norms, and how we can use disgust to better activate native “behavioral immunity” to combat disease spread. At the cultural level, we describe shifting cultural norms and how we might harness them to better combat disease and the negative social consequences of the pandemic. -
Exploring the Emotional and Moral Lives of Animals
MARC BEKOFF & JONATHAN BALCOMBE Humans have long tried to imagine what other species think and how they may feel, projecting our own perspec - tives and emotions onto the Minds of Thei r Own animal experience. The sight of Exploring the emotional and moral lives of animals a hawk spiraling effortlessly on an updraft or two horses cantering side by side in a field is enough to inspire wonder about the inner lives of other creatures. And people observ - ing their pets’ activities and moods view the existence of cat and dog emotions—in the form of joy, grief, even jealousy—as beyond question. What seems blatantly apparent to many animal lovers, however, is often chal - lenged by scientists as nothing more than sentimental anthro - pomorphism. Portrayal of ani - E M mals as lesser beings without I T S M A E thought or emotion dates at least as far back as the days of Aristotle. animals, a concept rarely considered within the scientific community . R D / N E E But ethologists engaged in the study of animal behavior are Now teaching a course on animal minds and behavior for U Q C A drawing from a growing body of evidence to build a case to the Humane Society University, the two authors have new books out this M E C U R B contrary. On the forefront of the burgeoning field are scientists and year. Bekoff’s latest, The Animal Manifesto: Six Reasons for Expanding ; E M I T S authors Marc Bekoff and Jonathan Balcombe. After years of research - Our Compassion Footprint , was published in February; Balcombe’s M A E R D / ing the emotions of animals, Bekoff began exploring the concepts new book, Second Nature: The Inner Lives of Animals , is out in March. -
Advances in Neuroscience Imply That Harmful Experiments in Dogs Are Unethical Jarrod Bailey,1 Shiranee Pereira2
JME Online First, published on July 24, 2017 as 10.1136/medethics-2016-103630 Current controversy J Med Ethics: first published as 10.1136/medethics-2016-103630 on 24 July 2017. Downloaded from Advances in neuroscience imply that harmful experiments in dogs are unethical Jarrod Bailey,1 Shiranee Pereira2 1Cruelty Free International, ABSTRACT environments (common features of most laboratory London, UK Functional MRI (fMRI) of fully awake and unrestrained kennels), kennel noise and restricted sight lines are 2People for Animals, Chennai, India dog 'volunteers' has been proven an effective tool to acknowledged stressors, and together these factors understand the neural circuitry and functioning of the lead to well-characterised stereotypies—repeti- Correspondence to canine brain. Although every dog owner would vouch tive, invariant behaviour patterns with no obvious Dr Jarrod Bailey, Cruelty Free that dogs are perceptive, cognitive, intuitive and capable goal or function, which include circling, pacing, International, 16a Crane Grove, of positive emotions/empathy, as indeed substantiated whirling, jumping, wall bouncing, and repetitive London, N7 8NN, UK; by ethological studies for some time, neurological grooming or self-biting—as well as other abnormal ja rrod .bailey@ c rueltyf reeinte rnat iona l. org investigations now corroborate this. These studies show behaviours such as polydipsia or polyphagia (eating that there exists a striking similarity between dogs and drinking to a great degree), compulsive staring Received 18 April 2016 and humans in the functioning of the caudate nucleus and excessive barking, for example (see ref 5). Revised 18 May 2017 (associated with pleasure and emotion), and dogs Such welfare concerns constitute a large part of Accepted 9 June 2017 experience positive emotions, empathic-like responses the ethical objection to dog experimentation. -
EMDR Protocol Anger, Resentment and Revenge June 2014
EMDR Protocol Anger, Resentment and Revenge June 2014 Prologue In order to carry out the protocol in a responsible way, it is above all very important to have a thorough knowledge of the target group. Secondly, it is recommended to have participated in a workshop practising the protocol. And thirdly, one need knowledge of applying cognitive interweaves (as taught in an accredited EMDR training), because the presented procedure can also be used as cognitive interweave within the EMDR Standard protocol. Applying the protocol as a cognitive interweave: see addendum. Introduction The rationale of coping with Anger, Resentment and Revenge can be explained as follows: When people are reminded of disturbing memories or certain persons, it can lead to fierce emotions; sometimes “ the bucket will even overflow”. There are two kinds of emotions which can still be triggered by thinking of those negative experiences or persons. Therefore, there are also two buckets which can overflow. draw a bucket titled “Powerlessness and Fear” draw another bucket titled “Anger, Resentment and Revenge” One bucket contains all emotions concerning powerlessness, grief, fear and fright; all vulnerable, internalized emotions. The other bucket is filled with emotions like anger, resentment and sometimes even revenge; all ‘external directed’ emotions. When we look at the Powerlessness and Fear bucket, how full is it at this moment? When we look at the Anger bucket, how full is it at this moment? draw the levels indicated by the patient or let the patient draw the indicated levels Emptying which bucket would give the most relief? if the patient chooses the Powerlessness and Fear bucket, use the standard EMDR protocol if the patient chooses the Anger bucket, follow the next procedure Inventory To empty the bucket, we will not discuss the disturbing experiences you had, but we will focus on the persons who have treated you wrongly or who have damaged you. -
A Comparative Study of the Bell Jar and the Poetry of a Few Indian Women Poets
AKHTAR JAMAL KHAN, BIBHUDUTT DASH Approaches to Angst and the Male World: A Comparative Study of The Bell Jar and the Poetry of a Few Indian Women Poets Pitting Sylvia Plath’s speakers against male chauvinism is a usual critical practice, but this antinomy primarily informs her work. Most of her writings express an anguish that transcends the torment of the individual speakers in question, and voices or represents the despair of all women who undergo similar anguish. As David Holbrook writes: “When one knows Sylvia Plath’s work through and through, and has penetrated her inner topography, the confusion, hate and madness become frighteningly apparent” (357). The besetting question is what causes this angst. Apparently, a stifling patriarchal system that sty- mies woman’s freedom seems to be the cause of this anguish. However, it would be lopsided to say that Plath’s work is simply an Armageddon between man and woman. This paper compares Sylvia Plath’s novel The Bell Jar (1963) and the poetry of a few twentieth-century Indian women poets such as Kamala Das, Mamta Kalia, Melanie Silgardo, Eunice de Souza, Smita Agarwal and Tara Patel to study the angst experienced by the speakers and their approaches to the male world. Here, the term ‘male world’ refers to any social condition where man overtly or tacitly punctuates a woman’s life. Thus, it precisely refers to a patriarchal social order. Talking about twentieth-century poetry and making references to the posi- tion of women poets, John Brannigan writes: “In their time, Elizabeth Jennings, Sylvia Plath and Eliza- beth Bishop seemed isolated and remote from the male-dominated generation of the fifties and sixties” (Poplawski 632). -
Anxiety, Angst, Anguish in Fin De Siècle Art and Literature
Anxiety, Angst, Anguish in Fin de Siècle Art and Literature Anxiety, Angst, Anguish in Fin de Siècle Art and Literature Edited by Rosina Neginsky, Marthe Segrestin and Luba Jurgenson Anxiety, Angst, Anguish in Fin de Siècle Art and Literature Edited by Rosina Neginsky, Marthe Segrestin and Luba Jurgenson This book first published 2020 Cambridge Scholars Publishing Lady Stephenson Library, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE6 2PA, UK British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Copyright © 2020 by Rosina Neginsky, Marthe Segrestin, Luba Jurgenson and contributors All rights for this book reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. ISBN (10): 1-5275-4383-8 ISBN (13): 978-1-5275-4383-6 TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Illustrations ..................................................................................... ix Introduction .............................................................................................. xiv Part I: Thresholds Chapter One ................................................................................................. 2 Le Pays intermédiaire saloméen: un lieu entre expérience de l’angoisse et libération créatrice – The Salomean Land Between: A Place between Experience of Anguish and Creative Liberation Britta Benert Chapter Two ............................................................................................. -
It Was Shock, Angst, and Inescapable Panic That Introduced Me to the Work of Mounir Fatmi, a 'French Artist in USA, an African Artist in Europe'
HOME ART CULTURE FILM MUSIC STYLE E MAGAZINE A STRUGGLE WITH MEANING - THE ART OF MOUNIR FATMI It was shock, angst, and inescapable panic that introduced me to the work of Mounir Fatmi, a 'French artist in USA, an African artist in Europe'. His kinetic installation Modern Times – A History of the Machine, on show in Denmark's Brandts 131 gallery, sends the viewer into somatic A portrait of Mounir Fatmi overdrive, yet remains acutely conceptual, as it employs referential elements pertaining to both Western and Eastern (Islamic) aesthetics. Visual repetition, perpetual circular motion, illegible Arabic calligraphy, and aggressive sound create a sense of danger, announcing an imminent clash of worlds embracing the mechanics of modernity, but struggling to grasp the essence of it. At times, Fatmi's works tap into strands of speculative philosophy, often breaking down bonds of meaning: objects are dislocated, taken beyond their instrumentality, reconceptualized, separated from the burden of a necessary relation to their qualities, in a potential attempt to explore what Graham Harman would call the 'object oriented ontology'. In Between the Lines, a steel circular saw blade becomes the inscription surface for Quoran verses, which undergo a process of being emptied of semiotic content and rendered decorative elements. The defining qualities of both the object and of language are suspended, and the image becomes the new bearer of knowledge. Between the lines, 2010, saw blade in steel, 150 cm. Courtesy of the artist and Goodman Gallery, Johannesburg-Cape Town. Photo credit: Mia Dudek In his creative process, Mounir Fatmi uses a variety of media and materials, and appropriates objects at hand, in attempts to question their materiality and attributed function. -
Negative Emotions, Resilience and Mindfulness in Well-Being
Psychology and Behavioral Science International Journal ISSN 2474-7688 Research Article Psychol Behav Sci Int J Volume 13 Issue 2 - September 2019 Copyright © All rights are reserved by James Collard DOI: 10.19080/PBSIJ.2019.13.555857 The Role of Functional and Dysfunctional Negative Emotions, Resilience and Mindfulness in Well-Being B Shahzad and J Collard* School of Psychology, The Cairnmillar Institute, Australia Submission: August 01, 2019; Published: September 09, 2019 *Corresponding author: James Collard, School of Psychology, The Cairnmillar Institute, Melbourne, Australia Abstract This study sets out to investigate the binary model of emotions. It explores the relationships between suggested functional negative emotions and dysfunctional negative emotions with mindfulness, resilience, and well-being. The study was based on a sample of 104 adult participants. Results indicated that participants differentiated between proposed functional and dysfunctional negative emotion categories. Results of the structural equation modelling (SEM) demonstrated that functional negative emotions and dysfunctional negative emotions uniquely contributed to reduced well-being. The relationship of functional negative emotions to well-being was mediated by participants’ resilience levels. The relationship of dysfunctional negative emotions to well-being was mediated by participants’ resilience and mindfulness levels. SEM results indicated partial mediation, as the direct effect of functional and dysfunctional negative emotions on well-being was still -
About Emotions There Are 8 Primary Emotions. You Are Born with These
About Emotions There are 8 primary emotions. You are born with these emotions wired into your brain. That wiring causes your body to react in certain ways and for you to have certain urges when the emotion arises. Here is a list of primary emotions: Eight Primary Emotions Anger: fury, outrage, wrath, irritability, hostility, resentment and violence. Sadness: grief, sorrow, gloom, melancholy, despair, loneliness, and depression. Fear: anxiety, apprehension, nervousness, dread, fright, and panic. Joy: enjoyment, happiness, relief, bliss, delight, pride, thrill, and ecstasy. Interest: acceptance, friendliness, trust, kindness, affection, love, and devotion. Surprise: shock, astonishment, amazement, astound, and wonder. Disgust: contempt, disdain, scorn, aversion, distaste, and revulsion. Shame: guilt, embarrassment, chagrin, remorse, regret, and contrition. All other emotions are made up by combining these basic 8 emotions. Sometimes we have secondary emotions, an emotional reaction to an emotion. We learn these. Some examples of these are: o Feeling shame when you get angry. o Feeling angry when you have a shame response (e.g., hurt feelings). o Feeling fear when you get angry (maybe you’ve been punished for anger). There are many more. These are NOT wired into our bodies and brains, but are learned from our families, our culture, and others. When you have a secondary emotion, the key is to figure out what the primary emotion, the feeling at the root of your reaction is, so that you can take an action that is most helpful. . -
Functional Aspects of Emotions in Fish
Behavioural Processes 100 (2013) 153–159 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Behavioural Processes jou rnal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/behavproc Functional aspects of emotions in fish ∗ Silje Kittilsen Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, Norway a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: There is an ongoing scientific discussion on whether fish have emotions, and if so how they experience Received 19 March 2013 them? The discussion has incorporated important areas such as brain anatomy and function, physiological Received in revised form and behavioural responses, and the cognitive abilities that fish possess. Little attention has however, been 10 September 2013 directed towards what functional aspects emotions ought to have in fish. If fish have emotions – why? Accepted 11 September 2013 The elucidation of this question and an assessment of the scientific evidences of emotions in fish in an evolutionary and functional framework would represent a valuable contribution in the discussion on Keywords: whether fish are emotional creatures. Here parts of the vast amount of literature from both biology and Emotions Behaviour psychology relating to the scientific field of emotions, animal emotion, and the functional aspects that Cognition emotions fulfil in the lives of humans and animals are reviewed. Subsequently, by viewing fish behaviour, Psychology physiology and cognitive abilities in the light of this functional framework it is possible to infer what Fish functions emotions may serve in fish. This approach may contribute to the vital running discussion on Evolution the subject of emotions in fish. In fact, if it can be substantiated that emotions are likely to serve a function in fish similar to that of other higher vertebrate species, the notion that fish do have emotions will be strengthened.