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Mapping Protocol and Case Study of Birmingham, England

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Mapping Protocol and Case Study of Birmingham, England 018530 – SWITCH Sustainable Water Management in the City of the Future Integrated Project Global Change and Ecosystems D6.1.2b Institutional arrangements and mapping for the governance of sustainable urban water management technologies: Mapping protocol and case study of Birmingham, England Colin Green, Middlesex University Due date of deliverable: 31st March 2007 Actual submission date: 31st May 2007 Start date of project: 1 February 2006 Duration: 60 months Organisation name of lead contractor for this deliverable: MU & GUEL Project co-funded by the European Commission within the Sixth Framework Programme (2002- 2006) Dissemination Level PU Public PU PP Restricted to other programme participants (including the Commission Services) RE Restricted to a group specified by the consortium (including the Commission Services) CO Confidential, only for members of the consortium (including the Commission Services) W6-1.2b Mapping_Protocol_and_Case_ Study_of_Birmingham_England 1 Institutional arrangements and mapping for the governance of sustainable urban water management technologies Mapping protocol and case study of Birmingham, England Dennis Parker, Clare Johnson and Colin Green Colin Clare Green Johnson Dennis Parker Flood Hazard Research Centre Middlesex University Trent Park Mansion, Bramley Road London. N14 4YZ United Kingdom May 2007 W6-1.2b Mapping_Protocol_and_Case_ Study_of_Birmingham_England 2 Contents Switch deliverable briefing note 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................ 6 2 Lessons learnt ................................................................................................................................... 8 2.1 Tools for institutional mapping: how to do it ......................................................................... 10 3 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT ............................................................................................. 12 3.1 Background ............................................................................................................................. 12 3.1.1 Solutions ......................................................................................................................... 15 3.1.2 Water demand management technologies systems view ................................................ 18 3.1.3 Water recycling system view .......................................................................................... 21 3.1.4 Water reuse ..................................................................................................................... 23 3.1.5 Sustainable urban drainage systems (SUDS) ................................................................. 25 3.1.6 Eco-San ........................................................................................................................... 29 3.1.7 Wastewater management ................................................................................................ 29 3.2 Urban water management within the sustainable development paradigm .............................. 31 4 Change and Institutional Mapping.................................................................................................. 32 5 Inducing change.............................................................................................................................. 35 5.1 Compliance ............................................................................................................................. 40 6 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS ........................................................................................ 43 6.1 Definitional issues .................................................................................................................. 43 7 INSTITUTIONAL MAPPING ....................................................................................................... 45 7.1 What is institutional mapping? ............................................................................................... 45 8 Institutional mapping protocol ........................................................................................................ 47 9 INSTITUTIONAL MAP OF BIRMINGHAM............................................................................... 52 9.1 A demonstration case study .................................................................................................... 52 9.2 Introduction to Birmingham ................................................................................................... 52 9.3 The city’s socio-political internal geographical organisation ................................................. 53 9.4 Contexts, customs, attitudes and perceptions ......................................................................... 55 10 Who are the players? .................................................................................................................. 57 10.1 The Water Framework Directive (WFD) ................................................................................ 65 10.2 Land management................................................................................................................... 67 10.3 Sustainable development ........................................................................................................ 73 10.4 Development ........................................................................................................................... 74 10.5 The Environment .................................................................................................................... 76 10.6 Wastewater industry ............................................................................................................... 77 10.7 Water supply ........................................................................................................................... 78 10.8 Land drainage and surface water management ....................................................................... 82 10.9 Key actors and participants: the local layers........................................................................... 83 11 WATER DEMAND MANAGEMENT ...................................................................................... 92 11.1 Background ............................................................................................................................. 92 11.2 Institutional landscape ............................................................................................................ 92 11.3 Rainwater harvesting .............................................................................................................. 96 11.3.1 Funding and financial incentives .................................................................................... 96 11.4 Barriers and incentives ........................................................................................................... 97 12 SUSTAINABLE DRAINAGE SYSTEMS (SUDS) .................................................................. 99 12.1 Background ............................................................................................................................. 99 12.2 Overview of institutional landscape and social norms............................................................ 99 12.3 Stakeholders, responsibilities and powers ............................................................................ 105 12.4 Processes of decision-making, policies and plans ................................................................ 108 12.5 Guidance notes, codes of practice and funding arrangements .............................................. 109 12.6 Barriers and Incentives ......................................................................................................... 110 13 WATER RECYCLING AND REUSE ..................................................................................... 111 13.1 Background ........................................................................................................................... 111 13.2 The institutional landscape: water recycling......................................................................... 111 13.3 Green roofs ........................................................................................................................... 115 13.4 Funding and financial incentives: water recycling ............................................................... 115 13.5 Barriers and Incentives ......................................................................................................... 115 14 Eco-san ..................................................................................................................................... 115 W6-1.2b Mapping_Protocol_and_Case_ Study_of_Birmingham_England 3 15 WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT ........................................................................................ 116 15.1 Barriers and incentives ......................................................................................................... 117 16 Urban farming .......................................................................................................................... 117 17 Solid waste management .......................................................................................................... 118 18 References ...............................................................................................................................
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